from datetime import date
import re

class Student:
    def __init__(self, sid: str, name: str, gender: str, height: int, weight: float, birth_date: date | str,
                 enrollment_date: date | str, class_name: str, id_number: str, phone: str, email: str, major: str):
        self.sid = sid
        self.name = name.strip()
        self.gender = gender
        self.height = height
        self.weight = weight
        self.birth_date = birth_date if isinstance(birth_date, date) else date.fromisoformat(birth_date)
        self.enrollment_date = enrollment_date if isinstance(enrollment_date, date) else date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
        self.class_name = class_name
        self.id_number = id_number
        self.phone = phone
        self.email = email
        self.major = major
        self._validation_errors = []
        self._validate_height()
        self._validate_weight()
        self._validate_date()
        self._validate_name()
        self._validate_id_number()
        self._validate_gender()

    def _validate_height(self) -> None:
        if not (50 <= self.height <= 250):
            self._validation_errors.append(f"身高{self.height}cm超出合理范围")

    def _validate_weight(self) -> None:
        if not (5 <= self.weight <= 300):
            self._validation_errors.append(f"体重{self.weight}kg超出合理范围")

    def _validate_name(self) -> None:
        if not (2 <= len(self.name) <= 20):
            self._validation_errors.append("姓名长度需在2-20个字符之间")
        if not all('\u4e00' <= char <= '\u9fff' or char.isascii() for char in self.name):
            self._validation_errors.append("姓名只能包含中文、英文或数字")

    def _validate_id_number(self) -> None:
        if not re.match(r'^\d{17}[\dXx]$', self.id_number):
            self._validation_errors.append("身份证号格式不正确")

    def _validate_date(self) -> None:
        today = date.today()
        if self.birth_date > today:
            self._validation_errors.append('出生日期不能在未来')
        if self.enrollment_date > today:
            self._validation_errors.append('入学日期不能在未来')
        if (self.enrollment_date.year - self.birth_date.year) < 15:
            self._validation_errors.append('入学年龄应至少15岁')

    def _validate_gender(self) -> None:
        if self.gender not in ['男', '女']:
            self._validation_errors.append('性别只能是"男"或"女"')

    @property
    def is_valid(self) -> bool:
        return len(self._validation_errors) == 0

    def get_errors(self) -> list[str]:
        return self._validation_errors.copy()

    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, Student):
            return NotImplemented
        return (self.sid == other.sid and
                self.name == other.name and
                self.gender == other.gender and
                self.height == other.height and
                self.weight == other.weight and
                self.birth_date == other.birth_date and
                self.enrollment_date == other.enrollment_date and
                self.class_name == other.class_name and
                self.id_number == other.id_number and
                self.phone == other.phone and
                self.email == other.email and
                self.major == other.major)

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> 'Student':
        birth_date = data['birth_date'] if isinstance(data['birth_date'], date) else date.fromisoformat(data['birth_date'])
        enrollment_date = data['enrollment_date'] if isinstance(data['enrollment_date'], date) else date.fromisoformat(data['enrollment_date'])
        return cls(
            sid=data['sid'],
            name=data['name'],
            gender=data['gender'],
            height=data['height'],
            weight=data['weight'],
            birth_date=birth_date,
            enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
            class_name=data['class_name'],
            id_number=data['id_number'],
            phone=data['phone'],
            email=data['email'],
            major=data['major']
        )

    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
        return {
            'sid': self.sid,
            'name': self.name,
            'gender': self.gender,
            'height': self.height,
            'weight': self.weight,
            'birth_date': self.birth_date.isoformat(),
            'enrollment_date': self.enrollment_date.isoformat(),
            'class_name': self.class_name,
            'id_number': self.id_number,
            'phone': self.phone,
            'email': self.email,
            'major': self.major
        }

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (
            f"{self.__class__.__name__}("
            f"sid='{self.sid}', "
            f"name='{self.name}', "
            f"gender='{self.gender}', "
            f"height={self.height}, "
            f"weight={self.weight}, "
            f"birth_date=date({self.birth_date.year}, {self.birth_date.month}, {self.birth_date.day}), "
            f"enrollment_date=date({self.enrollment_date.year}, {self.enrollment_date.month}, {self.enrollment_date.day}), "
            f"class_name='{self.class_name}', "
            f"id_number='{self.id_number}', "
            f"phone='{self.phone}', "
            f"email='{self.email}', "
            f"major='{self.major}'"
            f")"
        )