diff --git a/training_stats.py b/training_stats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..785fe99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/training_stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright @2023 AI, ZHIHU Inc. (zhihu.com)
+#
+# @author: hsd9026 <shengdinghu@gmail.com>
+# @date: 2023/07/07
+#
+
+
+import copy
+
+from .log import logger
+
+
+def num_parameters(model):
+    """Return the number of parameters of a model"""
+    total_params = 0
+    for param_name, param in model.state_dict().items():
+        # print(param_name, param.numel())
+        total_params += param.numel()
+    return total_params
+
+
+def num_non_embedding_parameters(model):
+    """Return the number of parameters of a model"""
+    total_params = 0
+    for param_name, param in model.state_dict().items():
+        if ("embed" in param_name) or ("lm_head" in param_name):
+            continue
+        # print(param_name, param.numel())
+        total_params += param.numel()
+    return total_params
+
+
+def estimate_parameters(config):
+    """Estimate the number of parameters of a model given its config, should be equal to `num_parameters(model)`"""
+    # embedding parameters
+    embedding_params = config.vocab_size * config.dim_model
+    self_attn_params = 4 * config.dim_model * config.dim_head * config.num_heads * config.num_layers
+    ff_params = 3 * config.dim_model * config.dim_ff * config.num_layers
+    layernorm_parameters = 2 * config.dim_model * config.num_layers
+    output_layernorm_parameters = config.dim_model
+    positional_bias = 32
+    total_params = (
+        embedding_params
+        + self_attn_params
+        + ff_params
+        + layernorm_parameters
+        + output_layernorm_parameters
+        + positional_bias
+    )
+
+    params_without_embeddings = total_params - embedding_params
+
+    return total_params, params_without_embeddings
+
+
+def get_flops_per_token(config):
+    """An estimated version of pfdays per token, i.e., the 6N in equation: Computation = 6 N * D."""
+
+    _, N = estimate_parameters(config)
+
+    logger.info(">>>>>> pfdays_per_token >>>> {:,.0f}".format(N))
+
+    # evaluating a forward pass
+    C_forward = 6 * N  # + 2 * n_layer * n_ctx * d_model
+    # unit = 10**15 * 3600 * 24
+
+    # C_forward = C_forward / unit
+
+    return C_forward