.idea/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 默认忽略的文件
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml

.idea/PythonProject.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.venv" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Python 3.11" jdkType="Python SDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>

.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <settings>
+    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
+    <version value="1.0" />
+  </settings>
+</component>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Black">
+    <option name="sdkName" value="Python 3.12 (PythonProject)" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.11" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+</project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/PythonProject.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/PythonProject.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>

BLL/add_student.py

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+from datetime import date
+from typing import List, Optional, Dict
+from copy import deepcopy
+from model.student import Student
+from DAL.clear_all_student import IStudentDAL
+
+
+
+class StudentBLL:
+    def __init__(self, dal: IStudentDAL):
+        self.dal = dal
+
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        """添加学生信息，进行完整校验和唯一性检查"""
+        # 1. 数据校验
+        if not student.is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(f"学生数据校验不通过。错误信息: {student.get_errors()}")
+
+        # 2. 唯一性检查
+        if self.dal.check_student_exists_by_id_card(student.id_card):
+            raise ValueError(f"身份证号 {student.id_card} 已存在")
+        if self.dal.check_student_exists_by_stu_id(student.stu_id):
+            raise ValueError(f"学号 {student.stu_id} 已存在")
+
+        # 3. 业务规则检查
+        today = date.today()
+        if student.birth_date and student.birth_date > today:
+            raise ValueError("出生日期不能晚于当前日期")
+        if student.enrollment_date and student.enrollment_date > today:
+            raise ValueError("入学日期不能晚于当前日期")
+        if student.height and (student.height <= 0 or student.height > 250):
+            raise ValueError("身高必须在0-250厘米之间")
+        if student.weight and (student.weight <= 0 or student.weight > 300):
+            raise ValueError("体重必须在0-300公斤之间")
+
+        # 4. 添加学生
+        return self.dal.add_student(student)
+
+    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """根据身份证号删除学生信息"""
+        if not self.dal.check_student_exists_by_id_card(id_card):
+            raise ValueError(f"身份证号 {id_card} 不存在")
+        return self.dal.delete_student_by_id_card(id_card)
+
+    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        """根据学号删除学生信息"""
+        if not self.dal.check_student_exists_by_stu_id(stu_id):
+            raise ValueError(f"学号 {stu_id} 不存在")
+        return self.dal.delete_student_by_stu_id(stu_id)
+
+    def update_student(self, id_card: str, student: Student) -> bool:
+        """完整更新学生信息"""
+        # 1. 存在性检查
+        if not self.dal.check_student_exists_by_id_card(id_card):
+            raise ValueError(f"身份证号 {id_card} 不存在")
+
+        # 2. 数据校验
+        if not student.is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(f"学生数据校验不通过。错误信息: {student.get_errors()}")
+
+        # 3. 业务规则检查
+        today = date.today()
+        if student.birth_date and student.birth_date > today:
+            raise ValueError("出生日期不能晚于当前日期")
+        if student.enrollment_date and student.enrollment_date > today:
+            raise ValueError("入学日期不能晚于当前日期")
+        if student.height and (student.height <= 0 or student.height > 250):
+            raise ValueError("身高必须在0-250厘米之间")
+        if student.weight and (student.weight <= 0 or student.weight > 300):
+            raise ValueError("体重必须在0-300公斤之间")
+
+        # 4. 执行更新
+        return self.dal.update_student(id_card, student)
+
+    def update_student_partial(self, id_card: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
+        """部分更新学生信息"""
+        # 1. 存在性检查
+        student = self.dal.find_student_by_id_card(id_card)
+        if not student:
+            raise ValueError(f"身份证号 {id_card} 不存在")
+
+        # 2. 保护关键字段 - 身份证号不可更改
+        if 'id_card' in kwargs:
+            raise ValueError("身份证号不可更改")
+
+        # 3. 创建更新后的学生对象
+        updated_student = deepcopy(student)
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            if hasattr(updated_student, key):
+                setattr(updated_student, key, value)
+
+        # 4. 数据校验
+        if not updated_student.is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(f"学生数据校验不通过。错误信息: {updated_student.get_errors()}")
+
+        # 5. 业务规则检查
+        today = date.today()
+        if updated_student.birth_date and updated_student.birth_date > today:
+            raise ValueError("出生日期不能晚于当前日期")
+        if updated_student.enrollment_date and updated_student.enrollment_date > today:
+            raise ValueError("入学日期不能晚于当前日期")
+        if updated_student.height and (updated_student.height <= 0 or updated_student.height > 250):
+            raise ValueError("身高必须在0-250厘米之间")
+        if updated_student.weight and (updated_student.weight <= 0 or updated_student.weight > 300):
+            raise ValueError("体重必须在0-300公斤之间")
+
+        # 6. 学号唯一性检查（如果学号有变化）
+        if 'stu_id' in kwargs and kwargs['stu_id'] != student.stu_id:
+            if self.dal.check_student_exists_by_stu_id(kwargs['stu_id']):
+                raise ValueError(f"学号 {kwargs['stu_id']} 已存在")
+
+        # 7. 执行更新
+        return self.dal.update_student(id_card, updated_student)
+
+    def get_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据身份证号查询学生信息"""
+        return self.dal.find_student_by_id_card(id_card)
+
+    def get_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据学号查询学生信息"""
+        return self.dal.find_student_by_stu_id(stu_id)
+
+    def get_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """根据姓名查询学生信息（模糊匹配）"""
+        return self.dal.find_students_by_name(name)
+
+    def get_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """根据班级名称查询学生信息（模糊匹配）"""
+        return self.dal.find_students_by_class_name(class_name)
+
+    def get_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """根据专业查询学生信息（模糊匹配）"""
+        return self.dal.find_students_by_major(major)
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """获取所有学生信息"""
+        return self.dal.get_all_students()
+
+    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
+        """获取学生总数"""
+        return self.dal.get_student_count()
+
+    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
+        """按身高范围查询学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_students_by_height_range(min_height, max_height)
+
+    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
+        """按入学年份查询学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_students_by_enrollment_year(year)
+
+    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
+        """按年龄范围查询学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_students_by_age_range(min_age, max_age)
+
+    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
+        """按专业分组学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_students_by_major_group()
+
+    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
+        """计算平均身高"""
+        return self.dal.get_average_height()
+
+    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
+        """计算平均体重"""
+        return self.dal.get_average_weight()
+
+    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
+        """计算性别比例"""
+        return self.dal.get_gender_ratio()
+
+    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
+        """清空所有学生信息"""
+        self.dal.clear_all_students()

DAL/clear_all_student.py

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+import os
+import json
+import csv
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from datetime import date
+from typing import List, Optional, Dict
+from model.student import Student
+
+class IStudentDAL(ABC):
+    """学生信息数据访问层接口"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        """添加学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """根据身份证号删除学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        """根据学号删除学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def update_student(self, id_card: str, updated_student: Student) -> bool:
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def find_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据身份证号查找学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def find_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据学号查找学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def find_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """根据姓名查找学生（模糊匹配）"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def find_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """根据班级名称查找学生（模糊匹配）"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def find_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """根据专业查找学生（模糊匹配）"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """获取所有学生信息"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
+        """获取学生总数"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
+        """按身高范围查找学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
+        """按入学年份查找学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
+        """按年龄范围查找学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
+        """按专业分组学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
+        """计算平均身高"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
+        """计算平均体重"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
+        """计算性别比例"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
+        """清空所有学生信息"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def check_student_exists_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """检查身份证号是否存在"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def check_student_exists_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        """检查学号是否存在"""
+        pass
+
+
+class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
+    """JSON文件存储实现"""
+
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self.__ensure_file_exists()
+
+    def __ensure_file_exists(self):
+        """确保JSON文件存在"""
+        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+                # noinspection PyTypeChecker
+                json.dump([], file)
+
+    def __load_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """从JSON文件加载学生列表"""
+        try:
+            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+                student_dicts = json.load(file)
+                return [Student.from_dict(sd) for sd in student_dicts]
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            return []
+
+    def __save_students(self, students: List[Student]) -> None:
+        """将学生列表保存到JSON文件"""
+        student_dicts = [s.to_dict() for s in students]
+        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+            json.dump(student_dicts, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
+
+    # 实现接口方法
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        if any(s.id_card == student.id_card for s in students):
+            return False
+        if any(s.stu_id == student.stu_id for s in students):
+            return False
+        students.append(student)
+        self.__save_students(students)
+        return True
+
+    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        original_count = len(students)
+        students = [s for s in students if s.id_card != id_card]
+        if len(students) < original_count:
+            self.__save_students(students)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        original_count = len(students)
+        students = [s for s in students if s.stu_id != stu_id]
+        if len(students) < original_count:
+            self.__save_students(students)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def update_student(self, id_card: str, updated_student: Student) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        for i, s in enumerate(students):
+            if s.id_card == id_card:
+                students[i] = updated_student
+                self.__save_students(students)
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def find_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        for s in students:
+            if s.id_card == id_card:
+                return s
+        return None
+
+    def find_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        for s in students:
+            if s.stu_id == stu_id:
+                return s
+        return None
+
+    def find_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if name.lower() in s.name.lower()]
+
+    def find_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.class_name and class_name.lower() in s.class_name.lower()]
+
+    def find_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.major and major.lower() in s.major.lower()]
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        return self.__load_students()
+
+    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.__load_students())
+
+    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.height and min_height <= s.height <= max_height]
+
+    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.enrollment_date and s.enrollment_date.year == year]
+
+    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        today = date.today()
+        result = []
+        for s in students:
+            if s.birth_date:
+                age = today.year - s.birth_date.year
+                if (today.month, today.day) < (s.birth_date.month, s.birth_date.day):
+                    age -= 1
+                if min_age <= age <= max_age:
+                    result.append(s)
+        return result
+
+    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        groups = {}
+        for s in students:
+            if s.major:
+                if s.major not in groups:
+                    groups[s.major] = []
+                groups[s.major].append(s)
+        return groups
+
+    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        heights = [s.height for s in students if s.height is not None]
+        if not heights:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(heights) / len(heights)
+
+    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        weights = [s.weight for s in students if s.weight is not None]
+        if not weights:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(weights) / len(weights)
+
+    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        genders = [s.gender for s in students if s.gender is not None]
+        total = len(genders)
+        if total == 0:
+            return {True: 0.0, False: 0.0}
+
+        male_count = sum(1 for g in genders if g)
+        female_count = total - male_count
+        return {
+            True: male_count / total * 100,
+            False: female_count / total * 100
+        }
+
+    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
+        self.__save_students([])
+
+    def check_student_exists_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        return self.find_student_by_id_card(id_card) is not None
+
+    def check_student_exists_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        return self.find_student_by_stu_id(stu_id) is not None
+
+
+class CsvStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
+    """CSV文件存储实现"""
+
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self.__ensure_file_exists()
+
+    def __ensure_file_exists(self):
+        """确保CSV文件存在"""
+        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
+                writer = csv.writer(file)
+                writer.writerow([
+                    'name', 'id_card', 'stu_id', 'gender', 'height', 'weight',
+                    'enrollment_date', 'class_name', 'major', 'email', 'phone'
+                ])
+
+    def __load_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """从CSV文件加载学生列表"""
+        students = []
+        try:
+            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
+                reader = csv.DictReader(file)
+                for row in reader:
+                    # 转换数据类型
+                    if row['gender']:
+                        row['gender'] = True if row['gender'] == 'True' else False
+
+                    if row['height']:
+                        row['height'] = int(row['height'])
+
+                    if row['weight']:
+                        row['weight'] = float(row['weight'])
+
+                    if row['enrollment_date']:
+                        row['enrollment_date'] = date.fromisoformat(row['enrollment_date'])
+
+                    students.append(Student.from_dict(row))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, csv.Error, ValueError):
+            pass
+        return students
+
+    def __save_students(self, students: List[Student]) -> None:
+        """将学生列表保存到CSV文件"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
+            fieldnames = [
+                'name', 'id_card', 'stu_id', 'gender', 'height', 'weight',
+                'enrollment_date', 'class_name', 'major', 'email', 'phone'
+            ]
+            writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
+            writer.writeheader()
+            for student in students:
+                writer.writerow(student.to_dict())
+
+    # 实现接口方法
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        if any(s.id_card == student.id_card for s in students):
+            return False
+        if any(s.stu_id == student.stu_id for s in students):
+            return False
+        students.append(student)
+        self.__save_students(students)
+        return True
+
+    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        original_count = len(students)
+        students = [s for s in students if s.id_card != id_card]
+        if len(students) < original_count:
+            self.__save_students(students)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        original_count = len(students)
+        students = [s for s in students if s.stu_id != stu_id]
+        if len(students) < original_count:
+            self.__save_students(students)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def update_student(self, id_card: str, updated_student: Student) -> bool:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        for i, s in enumerate(students):
+            if s.id_card == id_card:
+                students[i] = updated_student
+                self.__save_students(students)
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def find_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        for s in students:
+            if s.id_card == id_card:
+                return s
+        return None
+
+    def find_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        for s in students:
+            if s.stu_id == stu_id:
+                return s
+        return None
+
+    def find_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if name.lower() in s.name.lower()]
+
+    def find_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.class_name and class_name.lower() in s.class_name.lower()]
+
+    def find_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.major and major.lower() in s.major.lower()]
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        return self.__load_students()
+
+    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.__load_students())
+
+    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.height and min_height <= s.height <= max_height]
+
+    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        return [s for s in students if s.enrollment_date and s.enrollment_date.year == year]
+
+    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        today = date.today()
+        result = []
+        for s in students:
+            if s.birth_date:
+                age = today.year - s.birth_date.year
+                if (today.month, today.day) < (s.birth_date.month, s.birth_date.day):
+                    age -= 1
+                if min_age <= age <= max_age:
+                    result.append(s)
+        return result
+
+    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        groups = {}
+        for s in students:
+            if s.major:
+                if s.major not in groups:
+                    groups[s.major] = []
+                groups[s.major].append(s)
+        return groups
+
+    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        heights = [s.height for s in students if s.height is not None]
+        if not heights:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(heights) / len(heights)
+
+    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        weights = [s.weight for s in students if s.weight is not None]
+        if not weights:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(weights) / len(weights)
+
+    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
+        students = self.__load_students()
+        genders = [s.gender for s in students if s.gender is not None]
+        total = len(genders)
+        if total == 0:
+            return {True: 0.0, False: 0.0}
+
+        male_count = sum(1 for g in genders if g)
+        female_count = total - male_count
+        return {
+            True: male_count / total * 100,
+            False: female_count / total * 100
+        }
+
+    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
+        self.__save_students([])
+
+    def check_student_exists_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        return self.find_student_by_id_card(id_card) is not None
+
+    def check_student_exists_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
+        return self.find_student_by_stu_id(stu_id) is not None

README.md

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# wlhdl
-

main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import os, sys
+from ui.add_student import StudentTUI
+
+
+cur_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+project_dir = os.path.dirname(cur_dir)
+
+sys.path.append(project_dir)
+
+def main():
+    file_path ='./data/students.json'
+    ui = StudentTUI(file_path)
+    ui.run()
+if __name__=='__main__':
+     main()

model/student.py

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+
+from datetime import date
+from typing import List, Optional, Dict, Union
+import re
+
+
+
+class Student:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, id_card: str, stu_id: str,
+                 gender: Optional[bool] = None, height: Optional[int] = None,
+                 weight: Optional[float] = None, enrollment_date: Optional[Union[date, str]] = None,
+                 class_name: Optional[str] = None, major: Optional[str] = None,
+                 email: Optional[str] = None, phone: Optional[str] = None):
+
+        # 初始化错误字典
+        self._errors: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
+
+        # 基本属性（必填）
+        self.name = name.strip()  # 数据清洗：去除首尾空格
+        self.id_card = id_card.strip().upper()  # 统一转为大写
+        self.stu_id = stu_id.strip()
+        # 可选属性
+        self.gender = gender
+        self.height = height
+        self.weight = round(weight, 1) if weight is not None else None
+        self.email = email.strip() if email else None
+        self.phone = phone.strip() if phone else None
+
+        # 解析入学日期
+        self.enrollment_date = None
+        if enrollment_date is not None:
+            if isinstance(enrollment_date, date):
+                self.enrollment_date = enrollment_date
+            elif isinstance(enrollment_date, str):
+                try:
+                    self.enrollment_date = date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
+                except ValueError:
+                    self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期格式无效，应为YYYY-MM-DD')
+            else:
+                self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期类型错误，应为date对象或字符串')
+
+        self.class_name = class_name.strip() if class_name else None
+        self.major = major.strip() if major else None
+
+        # 执行校验
+        self._validate()
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        """执行所有校验"""
+        self._validate_name()
+        self._validate_id_card()
+        self._validate_stu_id()
+        self._validate_height()
+        self._validate_weight()
+        self._validate_enrollment_date()
+        self._validate_email()
+        self._validate_phone()
+
+    def _validate_name(self) -> None:
+        """验证姓名格式"""
+        if not self.name:
+            self._add_error('name', '姓名不能为空')
+            return
+
+        if not (2 <= len(self.name) <= 20):
+            self._add_error('name', '姓名长度需在2-20个字符之间')
+
+        # 允许空格但必须是可打印字符
+        if not all(c.isprintable() or c.isspace() for c in self.name):
+            self._add_error('name', '姓名包含非法字符')
+
+    def _validate_id_card(self) -> None:
+        """验证身份证号格式"""
+        # 长度校验
+        if len(self.id_card) != 18:
+            self._add_error('id_card', f'身份证号应为18位，当前为{len(self.id_card)}位')
+            return
+
+        # 前17位必须为数字
+        if not self.id_card[:17].isdigit():
+            self._add_error('id_card', '身份证号前17位必须为数字')
+            return  # 提前返回，避免后续操作出错
+
+        # 最后一位校验
+        last_char = self.id_card[17]
+        if last_char not in '0123456789X':
+            self._add_error('id_card', f'身份证号最后一位无效: {last_char}')
+            return
+
+        # 校验码验证
+        weights = [7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2]
+        check_codes = ['1', '0', 'X', '9', '8', '7', '6', '5', '4', '3', '2']
+
+        total = sum(int(d) * w for d, w in zip(self.id_card[:17], weights))
+        calculated_code = check_codes[total % 11]
+
+        if calculated_code != last_char:
+            self._add_error('id_card', f'校验码错误，应为{calculated_code}，实际为{last_char}')
+            return  # 校验码错误时不进行后续验证
+
+            # 出生日期校验
+        birth_str = self.id_card[6:14]
+        try:
+            year = int(birth_str[0:4])
+            month = int(birth_str[4:6])
+            day = int(birth_str[6:8])
+            # 尝试创建日期对象验证有效性
+            birth_date = date(year, month, day)
+
+            # 检查出生日期是否合理
+            today = date.today()
+            if birth_date > today:
+                self._add_error('id_card', f'出生日期不能在未来: {birth_str}')
+            elif birth_date.year < 1900:
+                self._add_error('id_card', f'出生年份不合理: {birth_str}')
+
+        except ValueError:
+            self._add_error('id_card', f'无效的出生日期: {birth_str}')
+
+        
+
+    def _validate_stu_id(self) -> None:
+        """验证学号"""
+        if not self.stu_id:
+            self._add_error('stu_id', '学号不能为空')
+
+    def _validate_height(self) -> None:
+        """验证身高是否在合理范围内"""
+        if self.height is None:
+            return
+
+        if not (50 <= self.height <= 250):
+            self._add_error('height', f'身高{self.height}cm超出合理范围(50-250cm)')
+
+    def _validate_weight(self) -> None:
+        """验证体重是否在合理范围内"""
+        if self.weight is None:
+            return
+
+        if not (5.0 <= self.weight <= 300.0):
+            self._add_error('weight', f'体重{self.weight}kg超出合理范围(5-300kg)')
+
+    def _validate_enrollment_date(self) -> None:
+        """验证入学日期"""
+        if self.enrollment_date is None:
+            return
+
+        today = date.today()
+        if self.enrollment_date > today:
+            self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期不能晚于当前日期')
+
+        # 如果出生日期有效，检查入学日期是否晚于出生日期
+        birthday = self.birthday
+        if birthday:
+            if self.enrollment_date < birthday:
+                self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期不能早于出生日期')
+
+    def _validate_email(self) -> None:
+        """验证邮箱格式（选做）"""
+        if not self.email:
+            return
+
+        pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$'
+        if not re.match(pattern, self.email):
+            self._add_error('email', '邮箱格式无效')
+
+    def _validate_phone(self) -> None:
+        """验证手机号格式（选做）"""
+        if not self.phone:
+            return
+
+        pattern = r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$'
+        if not re.match(pattern, self.phone):
+            self._add_error('phone', '手机号格式无效（应为11位数字）')
+
+    def _add_error(self, field: str, message: str) -> None:
+        """添加错误信息
+        :rtype: object
+        """
+        if field not in self._errors:
+            self._errors[field] = []
+        self._errors[field].append(message)
+
+    @property
+    def birthday(self) -> Optional[date]:
+        """从身份证号解析出生日期"""
+        if len(self.id_card) < 14:
+            return None
+
+        birth_str = self.id_card[6:14]
+        try:
+            return date(
+                int(birth_str[0:4]),
+                int(birth_str[4:6]),
+                int(birth_str[6:8]))
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def birth_date(self) -> Optional[date]:
+        """birthday的别名"""
+        return self.birthday
+
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        """计算年龄"""
+        birthday = self.birthday
+        if not birthday:
+            return None
+
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - birthday.year
+
+        # 如果生日还没到，减一岁
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (birthday.month, birthday.day):
+            age -= 1
+
+        return age
+
+    @property
+    def sid(self) -> str:
+        """stu_id的别名"""
+        return self.stu_id
+
+    @property
+    def errors(self) -> dict:
+        """获取所有错误信息"""
+        return self._errors.copy()
+
+    def get_errors(self) -> dict:
+        """获取错误信息（方法形式）"""
+        return self.errors
+
+    @property
+    def is_valid(self) -> bool:
+        """数据有效性标记"""
+        return not bool(self._errors)
+
+    # 对象比较方法
+    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Student):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+                self.name == other.name and
+                self.id_card == other.id_card and
+                self.stu_id == other.stu_id and
+                self.gender == other.gender and
+                self.height == other.height and
+                self.weight == other.weight and
+                self.enrollment_date == other.enrollment_date and
+                self.class_name == other.class_name and
+                self.major == other.major
+        )
+
+    # 序列化方法
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """将对象序列化为字典"""
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'id_card': self.id_card,
+            'stu_id': self.stu_id,
+            'gender': self.gender,
+            'height': self.height,
+            'weight': self.weight,
+            'enrollment_date': self.enrollment_date.isoformat() if self.enrollment_date else None,
+            'class_name': self.class_name,
+            'major': self.major,
+            'email': self.email,
+            'phone': self.phone
+        }
+
+    # 反序列化方法
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> 'Student':
+        """从字典创建对象"""
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise TypeError("输入数据必须是字典类型")
+
+        return cls(
+            name=data.get('name', ''),
+            id_card=data.get('id_card', ''),
+            stu_id=data.get('stu_id', ''),
+            gender=data.get('gender'),
+            height=data.get('height'),
+            weight=data.get('weight'),
+            enrollment_date=data.get('enrollment_date'),
+            class_name=data.get('class_name'),
+            major=data.get('major'),
+            email=data.get('email'),
+            phone=data.get('phone')
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_field_names(cls) -> List[str]:
+        """获取所有字段名称（包括别名）"""
+        return [
+            'name', 'id_card', 'stu_id', 'sid',
+            'gender', 'height', 'weight',
+            'enrollment_date', 'class_name', 'major',
+            'birthday', 'birth_date', 'age',
+            'email', 'phone'
+        ]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """修复被截断的__repr__方法"""
+        attrs = [
+            f"name='{self.name}'",
+            f"id_card='{self.id_card}'",
+            f"stu_id='{self.stu_id}'",
+            f"sid='{self.sid}'",
+            f"gender={self.gender}",
+            f"height={self.height}",
+            f"weight={self.weight}",
+            f"enrollment_date={self.enrollment_date.isoformat() if self.enrollment_date else None}",
+            f"class_name='{self.class_name}'" if self.class_name else "class_name=None",
+            f"major='{self.major}'" if self.major else "major=None",
+            f"birthday={self.birthday.isoformat() if self.birthday else None}",
+            f"birth_date={self.birth_date.isoformat() if self.birth_date else None}",
+            f"age={self.age}",
+            f"email='{self.email}'" if self.email else "email=None",
+            f"phone='{self.phone}'" if self.phone else "phone=None"
+        ]
+        return f"Student({', '.join(attrs)})"

ui/add_student.py

@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+import json
+import csv
+from datetime import date
+from typing import List, Tuple
+from BLL.add_student import StudentBLL
+from model.student import Student
+from DAL.clear_all_student import CsvStudentDAL
+from DAL.clear_all_student import JsonStudentDAL
+
+
+def display_menu():
+    print("\n=== 学生信息管理系统 ====")
+    print("1. 添加学生信息")
+    print("2. 删除学生信息")
+    print("3. 更新学生信息")
+    print("4. 查询学生信息")
+    print("5. 统计分析")
+    print("6. 数据导入导出")
+    print("7. 清空所有学生信息")
+    print("8. 退出系统")
+    print("---")
+
+
+def display_query_menu():
+    print("\n==== 查询学生信息 ====")
+    print("1. 查询所有学生")
+    print("2. 按身份证号查询")
+    print("3. 按学号查询")
+    print("4. 按姓名查询")
+    print("5. 按班级查询")
+    print("6. 按专业查询")
+    print("7. 返回上一级")
+    print("=======================")
+
+
+def display_stats_menu():
+    print("\n==== 统计分析 ====")
+    print("1. 学生总数")
+    print("2. 平均身高")
+    print("3. 按身高范围统计")
+    print("4. 按入学年份统计")
+    print("5. 按年龄范围统计")
+    print("6. 按专业分组统计")
+    print("7. 性别比例")
+    print("8. 返回上一级")
+    print("=======================")
+
+
+def display_import_export_menu():
+    print("\n==== 数据导入导出 ====")
+    print("1. 导出数据到JSON")
+    print("2. 从JSON导入数据")
+    print("3. 导出数据到CSV")
+    print("4. 从CSV导入数据")
+    print("5. 返回上一级")
+    print("=======================")
+
+
+def display_students(students: List[Student]):
+    if not students:
+        print("没有找到学生信息")
+        return
+
+    print("\n学生信息列表:")
+    print("-" * 120)
+    print(
+        f"{'姓名':<10}{'学号':<15}{'身份证号':<20}{'性别':<6}{'年龄':<6}{'身高':<6}{'体重':<6}{'班级':<10}{'专业':<15}{'入学日期':<12}")
+    print("-" * 120)
+
+    for student in students:
+        gender = '男' if student.gender else '女' if student.gender is not None else '未知'
+        print(
+            f"{student.name:<10}{student.stu_id:<15}{student.id_card:<20}"
+            f"{gender:<6}{student.age or '-':<6}{student.height or '-':<6}"
+            f"{student.weight or '-':<6}{student.class_name or '-':<10}"
+            f"{student.major or '-':<15}{student.enrollment_date or '-'}"
+        )
+
+    print("-" * 120)
+    print(f"共找到 {len(students)} 名学生")
+
+
+class StudentTUI:
+    def __init__(self, bll: StudentBLL):
+        self.bll = bll
+        # 省份代码映射表
+        self.province_codes = {
+            '11': '北京市', '12': '天津市', '13': '河北省', '14': '山西省', '15': '内蒙古自治区',
+            '21': '辽宁省', '22': '吉林省', '23': '黑龙江省', '31': '上海市', '32': '江苏省',
+            '33': '浙江省', '34': '安徽省', '35': '福建省', '36': '江西省', '37': '山东省',
+            '41': '河南省', '42': '湖北省', '43': '湖南省', '44': '广东省', '45': '广西壮族自治区',
+            '46': '海南省', '50': '重庆市', '51': '四川省', '52': '贵州省', '53': '云南省',
+            '54': '西藏自治区', '61': '陕西省', '62': '甘肃省', '63': '青海省', '64': '宁夏回族自治区',
+            '65': '新疆维吾尔自治区'
+        }
+
+    def validate_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """验证身份证号是否合法"""
+        if len(id_card) != 18:
+            return False
+
+        # 校验前17位是否为数字
+        if not id_card[:-1].isdigit():
+            return False
+
+        # 校验最后一位是否为数字或X
+        if not (id_card[-1].isdigit() or id_card[-1].upper() == 'X'):
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def get_gender_from_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """从身份证号获取性别(男True/女False)"""
+        if len(id_card) != 18:
+            raise ValueError("身份证号长度不正确")
+
+        gender_code = int(id_card[16])
+        return gender_code % 2 == 1  # 奇数表示男性，偶数表示女性
+
+    def get_hometown_from_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> str:
+        """从身份证号获取籍贯"""
+        if len(id_card) != 18:
+            raise ValueError("身份证号长度不正确")
+
+        province_code = id_card[:2]
+        return self.province_codes.get(province_code, "未知地区")
+
+    def run(self):
+        while True:
+            display_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                self.add_student()
+            elif choice == '2':
+                self.delete_student()
+            elif choice == '3':
+                self.update_student()
+            elif choice == '4':
+                self.query_students()
+            elif choice == '5':
+                self.stats_students()
+            elif choice == '6':
+                self.import_export_data()
+            elif choice == '7':
+                self.clear_all_students()
+            elif choice == '8':
+                print("感谢使用学生信息管理系统，再见！")
+                break
+            else:
+                print("无效的选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def add_student(self):
+        print("\n==== 添加学生信息 ====")
+        try:
+            name = input("姓名: ").strip()
+            id_card = input("身份证号: ").strip()
+
+            # 验证身份证号
+            if not self.validate_id_card(id_card):
+                print("身份证号不合法！")
+                return
+
+            # 自动获取性别
+            gender = self.get_gender_from_id_card(id_card)
+            print(f"自动识别性别: {'男' if gender else '女'}")
+
+            # 自动获取籍贯
+            hometown = self.get_hometown_from_id_card(id_card)
+            print(f"籍贯: {hometown}")
+
+            stu_id = input("学号: ").strip()
+            height = int(input("身高(cm): ").strip())
+            weight = float(input("体重(kg): ").strip())
+            enrollment_date = input("入学日期(YYYY-MM-DD): ").strip()
+            class_name = input("班级名称: ").strip()
+            major = input("专业: ").strip()
+            email = input("邮箱(可选): ").strip() or None
+            phone = input("手机号(可选): ").strip() or None
+
+            student = Student(
+                name=name,
+                id_card=id_card,
+                stu_id=stu_id,
+                gender=gender,
+                height=height,
+                weight=weight,
+                enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+                class_name=class_name,
+                major=major,
+                email=email,
+                phone=phone
+            )
+
+            if self.bll.add_student(student):
+                print("学生信息添加成功！")
+            else:
+                print("添加失败，可能学号或身份证号已存在")
+        except ValueError as e:
+            print(f"输入错误: {e}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"添加学生信息时出错: {e}")
+
+    def delete_student(self):
+        print("\n==== 删除学生信息 ====")
+        print("1. 按身份证号删除")
+        print("2. 按学号删除")
+        choice = input("请选择删除方式: ").strip()
+
+        if choice == '1':
+            id_card = input("请输入身份证号: ").strip()
+            try:
+                if self.bll.delete_student_by_id_card(id_card):
+                    print("学生信息删除成功！")
+                else:
+                    print("删除失败，未找到匹配的学生")
+            except ValueError as e:
+                print(f"错误: {e}")
+        elif choice == '2':
+            stu_id = input("请输入学号: ").strip()
+            try:
+                if self.bll.delete_student_by_stu_id(stu_id):
+                    print("学生信息删除成功！")
+                else:
+                    print("删除失败，未找到匹配的学生")
+            except ValueError as e:
+                print(f"错误: {e}")
+        else:
+            print("无效的选择")
+
+    def update_student(self):
+        print("\n==== 更新学生信息 ====")
+        id_card = input("请输入要更新的学生身份证号: ").strip()
+
+        try:
+            student = self.bll.get_student_by_id_card(id_card)
+            if not student:
+                print("未找到该学生")
+                return
+
+            print("当前学生信息:")
+            print(student)
+
+            print("\n请输入要更新的字段 (留空表示不更新):")
+            name = input(f"姓名({student.name}): ").strip() or student.name
+            stu_id = input(f"学号({student.stu_id}): ").strip() or student.stu_id
+            height = input(f"身高({student.height}): ").strip()
+            height = int(height) if height else student.height
+            weight = input(f"体重({student.weight}): ").strip()
+            weight = float(weight) if weight else student.weight
+            enrollment_date = input(f"入学日期({student.enrollment_date}): ").strip()
+            enrollment_date = enrollment_date or student.enrollment_date
+            class_name = input(f"班级名称({student.class_name}): ").strip() or student.class_name
+            major = input(f"专业({student.major}): ").strip() or student.major
+            email = input(f"邮箱({student.email}): ").strip() or student.email
+            phone = input(f"手机号({student.phone}): ").strip() or student.phone
+
+            updated_student = Student(
+                name=name,
+                id_card=id_card,  # 身份证号不可更改
+                stu_id=stu_id,
+                gender=student.gender,  # 性别从身份证号自动获取，不可更改
+                height=height,
+                weight=weight,
+                enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+                class_name=class_name,
+                major=major,
+                email=email,
+                phone=phone
+            )
+
+            if self.bll.update_student(id_card, updated_student):
+                print("学生信息更新成功！")
+            else:
+                print("更新失败")
+        except ValueError as e:
+            print(f"输入错误: {e}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"更新学生信息时出错: {e}")
+
+    def query_students(self):
+        while True:
+            display_query_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择查询方式: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':  # 查询所有学生
+                students = self.bll.get_all_students()
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '2':  # 按身份证号查询
+                id_card = input("请输入身份证号: ").strip()
+                student = self.bll.get_student_by_id_card(id_card)
+                if student:
+                    # 显示籍贯信息
+                    hometown = self.get_hometown_from_id_card(student.id_card)
+                    print(f"\n籍贯: {hometown}")
+                    display_students([student])
+                else:
+                    print("未找到匹配的学生")
+            elif choice == '3':  # 按学号查询
+                stu_id = input("请输入学号: ").strip()
+                student = self.bll.get_student_by_stu_id(stu_id)
+                if student:
+                    display_students([student])
+                else:
+                    print("未找到匹配的学生")
+            elif choice == '4':  # 按姓名查询
+                name = input("请输入姓名: ").strip()
+                students = self.bll.get_students_by_name(name)
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '5':  # 按班级查询
+                class_name = input("请输入班级名称: ").strip()
+                students = self.bll.get_students_by_class_name(class_name)
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '6':  # 按专业查询
+                major = input("请输入专业名称: ").strip()
+                students = self.bll.get_students_by_major(major)
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '7':  # 返回上一级
+                break
+            else:
+                print("无效的选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def stats_students(self):
+        while True:
+            display_stats_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择统计方式: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':  # 学生总数
+                count = self.bll.get_student_count()
+                print(f"\n学生总数: {count}")
+            elif choice == '2':  # 平均身高
+                avg_height = self.bll.get_average_height()
+                print(f"\n平均身高: {avg_height:.2f} cm")
+            elif choice == '3':  # 按身高范围统计
+                min_height = int(input("最小身高(cm): ").strip())
+                max_height = int(input("最大身高(cm): ").strip())
+                students = self.bll.get_students_by_height_range(min_height, max_height)
+                print(f"\n身高在 {min_height}-{max_height} cm 的学生 ({len(students)} 人):")
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '4':  # 按入学年份统计
+                year = int(input("请输入入学年份: ").strip())
+                students = self.bll.get_students_by_enrollment_year(year)
+                print(f"\n{year}年入学的学生 ({len(students)} 人):")
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '5':  # 按年龄范围统计
+                min_age = int(input("最小年龄: ").strip())
+                max_age = int(input("最大年龄: ").strip())
+                students = self.bll.get_students_by_age_range(min_age, max_age)
+                print(f"\n年龄在 {min_age}-{max_age} 岁的学生 ({len(students)} 人):")
+                display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '6':  # 按专业分组统计
+                groups = self.bll.get_students_by_major_group()
+                for major, students in groups.items():
+                    print(f"\n专业: {major} ({len(students)} 人)")
+                    display_students(students)
+            elif choice == '7':  # 性别比例
+                ratio = self.bll.get_gender_ratio()
+                print(f"\n性别比例:")
+                print(f"男生: {ratio.get(True, 0.0):.2f}%")
+                print(f"女生: {ratio.get(False, 0.0):.2f}%")
+            elif choice == '8':  # 返回上一级
+                break
+            else:
+                print("无效的选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def import_export_data(self):
+        while True:
+            display_import_export_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':  # 导出到JSON
+                file_path = input("请输入导出文件路径: ").strip()
+                if self.export_to_json(file_path):
+                    print("导出成功！")
+                else:
+                    print("导出失败")
+            elif choice == '2':  # 从JSON导入
+                file_path = input("请输入导入文件路径: ").strip()
+                success, error = self.import_from_json(file_path)
+                print(f"导入完成: 成功 {success} 条, 失败 {error} 条")
+            elif choice == '3':  # 导出到CSV
+                file_path = input("请输入导出文件路径: ").strip()
+                if self.export_to_csv(file_path):
+                    print("导出成功！")
+                else:
+                    print("导出失败")
+            elif choice == '4':  # 从CSV导入
+                file_path = input("请输入导入文件路径: ").strip()
+                success, error = self.import_from_csv(file_path)
+                print(f"导入完成: 成功 {success} 条, 失败 {error} 条")
+            elif choice == '5':  # 返回上一级
+                break
+            else:
+                print("无效的选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def clear_all_students(self):
+        confirm = input("确定要清空所有学生信息吗? (y/n): ").strip().lower()
+        if confirm == 'y':
+            self.bll.clear_all_students()
+            print("所有学生信息已清空！")
+        else:
+            print("操作已取消")
+
+    def export_to_json(self, file_path: str) -> bool:
+        """导出学生信息到JSON文件"""
+        students = self.bll.get_all_students()
+        try:
+            with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                json.dump([s.to_dict() for s in students], f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"导出学生数据到JSON时出错: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    def import_from_json(self, file_path: str) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """从JSON文件导入学生信息"""
+        success_count = 0
+        error_count = 0
+
+        try:
+            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                student_dicts = json.load(f)
+
+            for s_dict in student_dicts:
+                try:
+                    student = Student.from_dict(s_dict)
+                    if self.bll.add_student(student):
+                        success_count += 1
+                except Exception as e:
+                    error_count += 1
+                    print(f"导入学生数据时出错: {e}")
+
+            return success_count, error_count
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"从JSON导入学生数据时出错: {e}")
+            return 0, 0
+
+    def export_to_csv(self, file_path: str) -> bool:
+        """导出学生信息到CSV文件"""
+        students = self.bll.get_all_students()
+        if not students:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as f:
+                # 获取第一个学生的字段作为CSV表头
+                fieldnames = list(students[0].to_dict().keys())
+                writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=fieldnames)
+                writer.writeheader()
+                for student in students:
+                    writer.writerow(student.to_dict())
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"导出学生数据到CSV时出错: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    def import_from_csv(self, file_path: str) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """从CSV文件导入学生信息"""
+        success_count = 0
+        error_count = 0
+
+        try:
+            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                reader = csv.DictReader(f)
+                for row in reader:
+                    try:
+                        # 转换数据类型
+                        converted_row = {}
+                        for key, value in row.items():
+                            if key in ['birth_date', 'enrollment_date'] and value:
+                                converted_row[key] = date.fromisoformat(value)
+                            elif key in ['height', 'weight'] and value:
+                                converted_row[key] = float(value) if value else 0.0
+                            else:
+                                converted_row[key] = value
+
+                        student = Student.from_dict(converted_row)
+                        if self.bll.add_student(student):
+                            success_count += 1
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        error_count += 1
+                        print(f"导入学生数据时出错: {e}")
+
+            return success_count, error_count
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"从CSV导入学生数据时出错: {e}")
+            return 0, 0
+
+
+def main():
+    # 选择存储方式
+    print("请选择数据存储方式:")
+    print("1. JSON")
+    print("2. CSV")
+    storage_choice = input("请输入选择 (1/2): ").strip()
+
+    file_path = "students.json" if storage_choice == '1' else "students.csv"
+
+    # 创建数据访问层
+    if storage_choice == '1':
+        dal = JsonStudentDAL(file_path)
+    elif storage_choice == '2':
+        dal = CsvStudentDAL(file_path)
+    else:
+        print("无效的选择，默认使用JSON存储")
+        dal = JsonStudentDAL("students.json")
+
+    # 创建业务逻辑层
+    bll = StudentBLL(dal)
+
+    # 创建用户界面
+    tui = StudentTUI(bll)
+    tui.run()
+def fun(self):
+    """运行UI"""
+    while True:
+        self.display_menu()
+        choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+        if choice == '1':
+            self.add_student()
+        elif choice == '2':
+            self.delete_student()
+
+        elif choice == '3':
+            self.update_student()
+
+        elif choice == '5':
+            self.show_stats()
+        elif choice == '6':
+            self.import_export_data()
+        elif choice == '7':
+            self.clear_students()
+        elif choice == '8':
+            self.query_student()
+        elif choice == '4':
+            print("感谢使用学生信息管理系统！")
+            break
+        else:
+            print("无效的选择，请重新输入！")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

ui/students.csv

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+name,id_card,stu_id,gender,height,weight,enrollment_date,class_name,major,email,phone

ui/students.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[]