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business_logic.py

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+from datetime import date, datetime
+from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional, Tuple
+from data_access import StudentDataAccess
+
+
+class IDCardValidator:
+    """身份证验证工具类"""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_id_card(id_card: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """验证身份证号有效性"""
+        # 基本格式验证
+        if len(id_card) != 18:
+            return False, "身份证号必须为18位"
+
+        # 前17位必须是数字，最后一位可以是数字或X
+        if not (id_card[:-1].isdigit() and (id_card[-1].isdigit() or id_card[-1].upper() == 'X')):
+            return False, "身份证号格式不正确，前17位必须是数字，最后一位可以是数字或X"
+
+        # 验证出生日期
+        birth_date = id_card[6:14]
+        if not IDCardValidator.validate_birth_date(birth_date):
+            return False, "身份证号中的出生日期无效"
+
+        # 验证校验码
+        if not IDCardValidator.validate_check_code(id_card):
+            return False, "身份证号校验码不正确"
+
+        return True, "身份证号有效"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_birth_date(birth_date: str) -> bool:
+        """验证出生日期是否有效"""
+        try:
+            # 尝试解析日期
+            year = int(birth_date[0:4])
+            month = int(birth_date[4:6])
+            day = int(birth_date[6:8])
+
+            # 检查日期范围
+            if not (1900 <= year <= date.today().year):
+                return False
+            if not (1 <= month <= 12):
+                return False
+
+            # 检查每月天数
+            max_day = IDCardValidator.get_days_in_month(year, month)
+            if not (1 <= day <= max_day):
+                return False
+
+            return True
+        except:
+            return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_days_in_month(year: int, month: int) -> int:
+        """获取某年某月的天数"""
+        if month == 2:
+            return 29 if IDCardValidator.is_leap_year(year) else 28
+        elif month in [4, 6, 9, 11]:
+            return 30
+        else:
+            return 31
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_leap_year(year: int) -> bool:
+        """判断是否为闰年"""
+        return (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_check_code(id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """验证身份证校验码"""
+        # 权重因子
+        weight = [7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2]
+        # 校验码对应表
+        check_code_map = ['1', '0', 'X', '9', '8', '7', '6', '5', '4', '3', '2']
+
+        # 计算加权和
+        total = sum(int(id_card[i]) * weight[i] for i in range(17))
+        # 计算校验码
+        calculated_code = check_code_map[total % 11]
+
+        # 比较校验码
+        return id_card[-1].upper() == calculated_code
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_gender(id_card: str) -> str:
+        """根据身份证号获取性别"""
+        if len(id_card) < 17:
+            return "未知"
+        gender_num = int(id_card[16])
+        return "男" if gender_num % 2 == 1 else "女"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_birth_date(id_card: str) -> Optional[date]:
+        """从身份证号获取出生日期"""
+        if len(id_card) < 14:
+            return None
+        try:
+            birth_str = id_card[6:14]
+            return datetime.strptime(birth_str, "%Y%m%d").date()
+        except:
+            return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def calculate_age(id_card: str) -> Optional[int]:
+        """根据身份证号计算年龄"""
+        birth_date = IDCardValidator.get_birth_date(id_card)
+        if not birth_date:
+            return None
+
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - birth_date.year
+        # 如果生日还没到，年龄减1
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (birth_date.month, birth_date.day):
+            age -= 1
+        return age
+
+
+class StudentService:
+    def __init__(self, data_access: StudentDataAccess):
+        self.data_access = data_access
+        self.subject_name = {
+            'math': '数学',
+            'python': 'Python程序设计',
+            'english': '英语',
+            'physics': '物理',
+            'sum': '总分'
+        }
+
+    def validate_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """验证身份证号格式"""
+        return IDCardValidator.validate_id_card(id_card)
+
+    def is_id_card_exists(self, id_card: str, exclude_id: str = None) -> bool:
+        """检查身份证号是否已存在"""
+        students = self.data_access.get_all_students()
+        for sid, student in students.items():
+            if exclude_id and sid == exclude_id:
+                continue
+            if student['basic_info'].get('id_card', '').upper() == id_card.upper():
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def add_student(self, student_info: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """添加新学生"""
+        student_id = student_info['basic_info']['id']
+
+        # 验证学号
+        if not student_id.isdigit() or len(student_id) != 8:
+            raise ValueError("学号必须为8位数字！")
+
+        # 验证身份证号
+        id_card = student_info['basic_info'].get('id_card', '')
+        if not id_card:
+            raise ValueError("身份证号不能为空！")
+
+        is_valid, msg = self.validate_id_card(id_card)
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(f"身份证号无效: {msg}")
+
+        if self.is_id_card_exists(id_card):
+            raise ValueError("该身份证号已存在！")
+
+        # 自动填充性别和出生日期
+        student_info['basic_info']['gender'] = IDCardValidator.get_gender(id_card)
+        birth_date = IDCardValidator.get_birth_date(id_card)
+        if birth_date:
+            student_info['basic_info']['birth_date'] = birth_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+            student_info['basic_info']['age'] = IDCardValidator.calculate_age(id_card)
+
+        # 计算总分
+        scores = student_info['score']
+        scores['sum'] = sum([scores['math'], scores['python'], scores['english'], scores['physics']])
+
+        return self.data_access.add_student(student_id, student_info)
+
+    def update_student(self, student_id: str, student_info: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        # 验证身份证号
+        id_card = student_info['basic_info'].get('id_card', '')
+        if id_card:  # 如果提供了身份证号才验证
+            is_valid, msg = self.validate_id_card(id_card)
+            if not is_valid:
+                raise ValueError(f"身份证号无效: {msg}")
+            if self.is_id_card_exists(id_card, exclude_id=student_id):
+                raise ValueError("该身份证号已被其他学生使用！")
+
+            # 自动更新性别和出生日期
+            student_info['basic_info']['gender'] = IDCardValidator.get_gender(id_card)
+            birth_date = IDCardValidator.get_birth_date(id_card)
+            if birth_date:
+                student_info['basic_info']['birth_date'] = birth_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+                student_info['basic_info']['age'] = IDCardValidator.calculate_age(id_card)
+
+        # 计算总分
+        scores = student_info['score']
+        scores['sum'] = sum([scores['math'], scores['python'], scores['english'], scores['physics']])
+
+        return self.data_access.update_student(student_id, student_info)
+
+    def delete_student(self, student_id: str) -> bool:
+        """删除学生"""
+        return self.data_access.delete_student(student_id)
+
+    def get_student(self, student_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """获取单个学生信息"""
+        return self.data_access.get_student(student_id)
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """获取所有学生信息"""
+        return self.data_access.get_all_students()
+
+    def search_student_by_id(self, student_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """按学号查询学生信息"""
+        return self.data_access.get_student(student_id)
+
+    def get_statistics(self) -> Dict[str, float]:
+        """获取统计信息"""
+        students = self.data_access.get_all_students().values()
+        if not students:
+            return {}
+
+        total = len(students)
+        return {
+            'total': total,
+            'math_avg': sum(s['score']['math'] for s in students) / total,
+            'python_avg': sum(s['score']['python'] for s in students) / total,
+            'english_avg': sum(s['score']['english'] for s in students) / total,
+            'physics_avg': sum(s['score']['physics'] for s in students) / total,
+            'total_avg': sum(s['score']['sum'] for s in students) / total
+        }
+
+    def get_sorted_students(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """按总分排序获取学生"""
+        students = list(self.data_access.get_all_students().values())
+        return sorted(students, key=lambda x: x['score']['sum'], reverse=True)
+
+    def load_data(self):
+        pass

data_access.py

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+import json
+import os
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+
+class StudentDataAccess:
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str = 'student_data.json'):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+
+    def load_data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """从文件加载所有学生数据"""
+        try:
+            if os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+                with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    return json.load(f)
+            return {}
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception(f"加载数据时出错: {e}")
+
+    def save_data(self, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """保存所有学生数据到文件"""
+        try:
+            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception(f"保存数据时出错: {e}")
+
+    def get_student(self, student_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """根据学号获取单个学生信息"""
+        data = self.load_data()
+        return data.get(student_id)
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """获取所有学生信息"""
+        return self.load_data()
+
+    def add_student(self, student_id: str, student_info: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """添加新学生"""
+        data = self.load_data()
+        if student_id in data:
+            raise Exception("该学号已存在！")
+        data[student_id] = student_info
+        return self.save_data(data)
+
+    def update_student(self, student_id: str, student_info: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        data = self.load_data()
+        if student_id not in data:
+            raise Exception("该学号不存在！")
+        data[student_id] = student_info
+        return self.save_data(data)
+
+    def delete_student(self, student_id: str) -> bool:
+        """删除学生"""
+        data = self.load_data()
+        if student_id not in data:
+            raise Exception("该学号不存在！")
+        del data[student_id]
+        return self.save_data(data)

presentation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+import sys
+from business_logic import StudentService, IDCardValidator
+from data_access import StudentDataAccess
+
+
+class StudentManagementSystem:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.data_access = StudentDataAccess()
+        self.student_service = StudentService(self.data_access)
+
+    def show_menu(self):
+        """显示主菜单"""
+        menu = """
+=== 学生信息管理系统 ===
+1. 显示所有学生信息
+2. 按学号查询学生信息
+3. 添加学生信息
+4. 修改学生信息
+5. 删除学生信息
+6. 统计学生信息
+7. 按总分排序显示
+8. 验证身份证号
+0. 退出系统
+"""
+        print(menu)
+
+    def run(self):
+        """运行系统"""
+        self.student_service.load_data()
+        print("学生信息已成功加载！")
+
+        while True:
+            self.show_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择操作(0-8): ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '0':
+                print("感谢使用学生信息管理系统，再见！")
+                sys.exit()
+            elif choice == '1':
+                self.show_all_students()
+            elif choice == '2':
+                self.search_student()
+            elif choice == '3':
+                self.add_student()
+            elif choice == '4':
+                self.update_student()
+            elif choice == '5':
+                self.delete_student()
+            elif choice == '6':
+                self.show_statistics()
+            elif choice == '7':
+                self.show_sorted_students()
+            elif choice == '8':
+                self.validate_id_card()
+            else:
+                print("无效的选择，请重新输入！")
+
+            input("\n按回车键继续...")
+
+    def show_all_students(self):
+        """显示所有学生信息"""
+        students = self.student_service.get_all_students()
+        if not students:
+            print("当前没有学生信息！")
+            return
+
+        print("\n=== 所有学生信息 ===")
+        print("学号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t班级\t总分")
+        for student_id, info in students.items():
+            basic_info = info['basic_info']
+            print(f"{student_id}\t{basic_info['name']}\t{basic_info.get('gender', '未知')}\t"
+                  f"{basic_info.get('age', '未知')}\t{basic_info['class']}\t{info['score']['sum']}")
+
+    def search_student(self):
+        """按学号查询学生信息"""
+        student_id = input("请输入要查询的学生学号: ")
+        student = self.student_service.search_student_by_id(student_id)
+
+        if student:
+            print("\n=== 学生详细信息 ===")
+            print("基本信息:")
+            for key, value in student['basic_info'].items():
+                print(f"  {key}: {value}")
+
+            print("\n成绩信息:")
+            for subject, score in student['score'].items():
+                if subject in self.student_service.subject_name:
+                    print(f"  {self.student_service.subject_name[subject]}: {score}")
+        else:
+            print("未找到该学号的学生！")
+
+    def add_student(self):
+        """添加新学生"""
+        print("\n=== 添加新学生 ===")
+
+        # 输入学号
+        while True:
+            student_id = input("请输入8位学号(如20230001): ").strip()
+            if not student_id.isdigit() or len(student_id) != 8:
+                print("学号必须为8位数字！")
+                continue
+            if self.student_service.search_student_by_id(student_id):
+                print("该学号已存在！")
+                continue
+            break
+
+        # 输入身份证号
+        while True:
+            id_card = input("请输入18位身份证号: ").strip().upper()
+            if not id_card:
+                print("身份证号不能为空！")
+                continue
+
+            is_valid, msg = self.student_service.validate_id_card(id_card)
+            if not is_valid:
+                print(f"身份证号无效: {msg}")
+                continue
+
+            if self.student_service.is_id_card_exists(id_card):
+                print("该身份证号已存在！")
+                continue
+            break
+
+        # 自动获取性别和出生日期
+        gender = IDCardValidator.get_gender(id_card)
+        birth_date = IDCardValidator.get_birth_date(id_card)
+        age = IDCardValidator.calculate_age(id_card)
+
+        # 输入其他信息
+        name = input("请输入姓名: ").strip()
+        class_name = input("请输入班级: ").strip()
+        admission_year = input("请输入入学年份: ").strip()
+
+        # 输入成绩
+        math_score = float(input("请输入数学成绩: "))
+        python_score = float(input("请输入Python成绩: "))
+        english_score = float(input("请输入英语成绩: "))
+        physics_score = float(input("请输入物理成绩: "))
+        total_score = math_score + python_score + english_score + physics_score
+
+        # 创建学生信息字典
+        student = {
+            'basic_info': {
+                'id': student_id,
+                'id_card': id_card,
+                'name': name,
+                'gender': gender,
+                'birth_date': birth_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") if birth_date else "",
+                'age': age,
+                'class': class_name,
+                'admission_year': admission_year
+            },
+            'score': {
+                'math': math_score,
+                'python': python_score,
+                'english': english_score,
+                'physics': physics_score,
+                'sum': total_score
+            }
+        }
+
+        try:
+            if self.student_service.add_student(student):
+                print("学生信息添加成功！")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"添加学生失败: {e}")
+
+    def update_student(self):
+        """修改学生信息"""
+        student_id = input("请输入要修改的学生学号: ")
+        student = self.student_service.search_student_by_id(student_id)
+
+        if not student:
+            print("未找到该学号的学生！")
+            return
+
+        print("\n当前学生信息:")
+        print("基本信息:")
+        for key, value in student['basic_info'].items():
+            print(f"  {key}: {value}")
+
+        print("\n成绩信息:")
+        for subject, score in student['score'].items():
+            if subject in self.student_service.subject_name:
+                print(f"  {self.student_service.subject_name[subject]}: {score}")
+
+        print("\n请输入新的信息(直接回车保持原值):")
+
+        # 更新基本信息
+        basic_info = student['basic_info']
+        for field in ['name', 'class', 'admission_year']:
+            new_value = input(f"{field}(当前:{basic_info[field]}): ").strip()
+            if new_value:
+                basic_info[field] = new_value
+
+        # 更新身份证号
+        while True:
+            new_id_card = input(f"身份证号(当前:{basic_info.get('id_card', '')}): ").strip().upper()
+            if not new_id_card:  # 直接回车保持原值
+                break
+
+            is_valid, msg = self.student_service.validate_id_card(new_id_card)
+            if not is_valid:
+                print(f"身份证号无效: {msg}")
+                continue
+
+            if self.student_service.is_id_card_exists(new_id_card, exclude_id=student_id):
+                print("该身份证号已被其他学生使用！")
+                continue
+
+            basic_info['id_card'] = new_id_card
+            # 自动更新性别和出生日期
+            basic_info['gender'] = IDCardValidator.get_gender(new_id_card)
+            birth_date = IDCardValidator.get_birth_date(new_id_card)
+            if birth_date:
+                basic_info['birth_date'] = birth_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+                basic_info['age'] = IDCardValidator.calculate_age(new_id_card)
+            break
+
+        # 更新成绩
+        scores = student['score']
+        for subject in ['math', 'python', 'english', 'physics']:
+            new_score = input(f"{self.student_service.subject_name[subject]}(当前:{scores[subject]}): ").strip()
+            if new_score:
+                scores[subject] = float(new_score)
+        scores['sum'] = sum([scores['math'], scores['python'], scores['english'], scores['physics']])
+
+        try:
+            if self.student_service.update_student(student_id, student):
+                print("学生信息修改成功！")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"修改学生信息失败: {e}")
+
+    def delete_student(self):
+        """删除学生"""
+        student_id = input("请输入要删除的学生学号: ")
+
+        confirm = input(f"确定要删除学号为 {student_id} 的学生吗？(y/n): ").lower()
+        if confirm == 'y':
+            try:
+                if self.student_service.delete_student(student_id):
+                    print("学生信息删除成功！")
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"删除学生失败: {e}")
+
+    def show_statistics(self):
+        """显示统计信息"""
+        stats = self.student_service.get_statistics()
+        if not stats:
+            print("当前没有学生信息！")
+            return
+
+        print("\n=== 统计信息 ===")
+        print(f"学生总数: {stats['total']}")
+        print(f"数学平均分: {stats['math_avg']:.2f}")
+        print(f"Python平均分: {stats['python_avg']:.2f}")
+        print(f"英语平均分: {stats['english_avg']:.2f}")
+        print(f"物理平均分: {stats['physics_avg']:.2f}")
+        print(f"总分平均分: {stats['total_avg']:.2f}")
+
+    def show_sorted_students(self):
+        """按总分排序显示"""
+        sorted_students = self.student_service.get_sorted_students()
+        if not sorted_students:
+            print("当前没有学生信息！")
+            return
+
+        print("\n=== 按总分排序 ===")
+        print("排名\t学号\t姓名\t总分")
+        for rank, student in enumerate(sorted_students, 1):
+            print(f"{rank}\t{student['basic_info']['id']}\t{student['basic_info']['name']}\t{student['score']['sum']}")
+
+    def validate_id_card(self):
+        """验证身份证号"""
+        id_card = input("请输入要验证的身份证号: ").strip().upper()
+        is_valid, msg = IDCardValidator.validate_id_card(id_card)
+
+        if is_valid:
+            print("\n=== 身份证号有效 ===")
+            print(f"号码: {id_card}")
+            print(f"性别: {IDCardValidator.get_gender(id_card)}")
+
+            birth_date = IDCardValidator.get_birth_date(id_card)
+            if birth_date:
+                print(f"出生日期: {birth_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}")
+                print(f"年龄: {IDCardValidator.calculate_age(id_card)}岁")
+
+            print("校验码验证通过")
+        else:
+            print(f"\n身份证号无效: {msg}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    system = StudentManagementSystem()
+    system.run()