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@ -6,126 +6,181 @@ from datetime import datetime
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class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
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"""学生信息的JSON文件存储实现"""
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"""学生信息的JSON文件存储实现，实现了IStudentDAL接口，提供基于JSON文件的学生数据增删改查功能"""
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def __init__(self, file_path: str = 'students.json'):
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"""初始化JSON数据访问层
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:param file_path: JSON数据文件路径，默认使用当前目录下的students.json"""
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self.file_path = file_path
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self._ensure_file_exists()
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self._ensure_file_exists() # 调用私有方法确保数据文件存在，避免后续操作报错
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def _ensure_file_exists(self):
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"""确保JSON文件存在"""
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"""确保JSON数据文件存在且格式正确
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处理两种异常情况：
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1. 文件不存在时创建空JSON数组文件
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2. 文件存在但非JSON格式时（如损坏）重建空文件"""
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try:
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with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
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json.load(file)
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json.load(file) # 尝试解析文件，验证是否为合法JSON
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except (FileNotFoundError, json.JSONDecodeError):
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# 异常处理：文件不存在或解析失败时，创建包含空数组的新文件
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with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
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json.dump([], file)
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json.dump([], file) # 写入空数组，确保文件格式正确
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def _student_to_dict(self, student: Student) -> dict:
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"""将Student对象转换为字典"""
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"""将Student实体对象转换为JSON兼容的字典格式
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:param student: 学生实体对象
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:return: 可序列化的字典，日期类型转换为字符串
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处理逻辑：
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- 日期字段enrollment_date转为%Y-%m-%d格式字符串
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- None值保持为None，确保JSON序列化合法"""
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return {
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'name': student.name,
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'id_card': student.id_card,
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'stu_id': student.stu_id,
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'gender': student.gender,
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'height': student.height,
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'weight': student.weight,
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'name': student.name, # 直接存储字符串属性
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'id_card': student.id_card, # 身份证号（字符串）
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'stu_id': student.stu_id, # 学号（字符串）
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'gender': student.gender, # 性别（布尔值）
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'height': student.height, # 身高（整数）
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'weight': student.weight, # 体重（整数）
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# 日期转字符串：若存在日期则格式化为%Y-%m-%d，否则保持None
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'enrollment_date': str(student.enrollment_date) if student.enrollment_date else None,
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'class_name': student.class_name,
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'major': student.major,
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'email': student.email,
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'phone': student.phone
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'class_name': student.class_name, # 班级（字符串）
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'major': student.major, # 专业（字符串）
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'email': student.email, # 邮箱（字符串）
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'phone': student.phone # 电话（字符串）
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}
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def _dict_to_student(self, data: dict) -> Student:
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"""将字典转换为Student对象"""
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# 处理日期类型
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"""将JSON字典转换为Student实体对象
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:param data: 从JSON文件读取的字典数据
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:return: 初始化的Student对象，字符串日期转换为date对象
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处理逻辑：
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- enrollment_date字段从字符串解析为datetime.date对象
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- 缺失字段使用None或默认值初始化"""
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enrollment_date = data.get('enrollment_date')
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if enrollment_date:
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# 字符串转日期：使用strptime解析为datetime对象，再提取date部分
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enrollment_date = datetime.strptime(enrollment_date, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
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return Student(
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name=data.get('name'),
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id_card=data.get('id_card'),
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stu_id=data.get('stu_id'),
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gender=data.get('gender'),
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height=data.get('height'),
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weight=data.get('weight'),
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enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
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class_name=data.get('class_name'),
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major=data.get('major'),
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email=data.get('email'),
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phone=data.get('phone')
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name=data.get('name'), # 获取姓名，缺失时为None
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id_card=data.get('id_card'), # 获取身份证号
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stu_id=data.get('stu_id'), # 获取学号
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gender=data.get('gender'), # 获取性别
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height=data.get('height'), # 获取身高
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weight=data.get('weight'), # 获取体重
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enrollment_date=enrollment_date, # 转换后的入学日期
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class_name=data.get('class_name'), # 获取班级
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major=data.get('major'), # 获取专业
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email=data.get('email'), # 获取邮箱
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phone=data.get('phone') # 获取电话
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)
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def _load_data(self) -> List[dict]:
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"""加载JSON文件数据"""
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"""从JSON文件加载学生数据
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:return: 包含学生字典的列表
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封装文件读取逻辑，统一处理编码和JSON解析"""
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with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
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return json.load(file)
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return json.load(file) # 读取文件并解析为Python列表
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def _save_data(self, data: List[dict]):
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"""保存数据到JSON文件"""
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"""将学生数据保存至JSON文件
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:param data: 包含学生字典的列表
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保存逻辑：
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- ensure_ascii=False确保中文正常存储
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- indent=2添加缩进，提升文件可读性"""
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with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
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json.dump(data, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
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json.dump(data, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) # 写入文件，禁用ASCII转义
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def get_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
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"""根据身份证号获取学生信息"""
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"""根据身份证号查询学生信息
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:param id_card: 待查询的身份证号
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:return: 匹配的Student对象或None
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实现逻辑：
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- 加载全部数据遍历匹配
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- 找到后转换为Student对象返回"""
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for data in self._load_data():
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if data.get('id_card') == id_card:
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return self._dict_to_student(data)
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return None
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if data.get('id_card') == id_card: # 精确匹配身份证号
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return self._dict_to_student(data) # 转换为实体对象
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return None # 未找到返回None
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def get_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
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"""根据学号获取学生信息"""
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"""根据学号查询学生信息，逻辑同get_by_id
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:param stu_id: 待查询的学号
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:return: 匹配的Student对象或None"""
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for data in self._load_data():
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if data.get('stu_id') == stu_id:
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if data.get('stu_id') == stu_id: # 精确匹配学号
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return self._dict_to_student(data)
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return None
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def get_all(self) -> List[Student]:
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"""获取所有学生信息"""
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return [self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data()]
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"""获取所有学生信息
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:return: 包含所有Student对象的列表
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实现逻辑：
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- 加载全部字典数据
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- 逐个转换为Student对象"""
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return [self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data()] # 列表推导式批量转换
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def add(self, student: Student) -> bool:
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"""添加学生信息"""
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# 检查学号和身份证号是否已存在
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"""添加新学生信息
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:param student: 待添加的Student对象
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:return: 添加成功返回True，失败返回False
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业务逻辑：
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1. 先校验身份证号和学号的唯一性
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2. 校验通过后追加数据并保存
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3. 唯一性冲突时返回False"""
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# 检查身份证号或学号是否已存在
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if self.get_by_id(student.id_card) or self.get_by_stu_id(student.stu_id):
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return False
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return False # 已存在相同标识，添加失败
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data = self._load_data()
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data.append(self._student_to_dict(student))
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self._save_data(data)
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return True
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data = self._load_data() # 加载当前数据
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data.append(self._student_to_dict(student)) # 转换并追加
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self._save_data(data) # 保存更新后的数据
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return True # 添加成功
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def update(self, student: Student) -> bool:
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"""更新学生信息"""
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data = self._load_data()
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updated = False
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"""更新学生信息
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:param student: 包含更新后信息的Student对象
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:return: 更新成功返回True，失败返回False
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实现逻辑：
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1. 按身份证号定位记录
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2. 找到后替换为新数据
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3. 未找到或无变更时返回False"""
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data = self._load_data() # 加载当前数据
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updated = False # 标记是否更新
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for i, item in enumerate(data):
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if item.get('id_card') == student.id_card:
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data[i] = self._student_to_dict(student)
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if item.get('id_card') == student.id_card: # 匹配身份证号
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data[i] = self._student_to_dict(student) # 替换为新数据
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updated = True
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break
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if updated:
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self._save_data(data)
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return updated
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self._save_data(data) # 保存更新后的数据
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return updated # 返回是否更新成功
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def delete_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
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"""根据身份证号删除学生信息"""
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data = self._load_data()
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original_length = len(data)
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"""根据身份证号删除学生信息
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:param id_card: 待删除学生的身份证号
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:return: 删除成功返回True，失败返回False
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实现逻辑：
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1. 过滤掉目标身份证号的记录
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2. 比较删除前后数据长度
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3. 长度变化时保存并返回True"""
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data = self._load_data() # 加载当前数据
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original_length = len(data) # 记录原始长度
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# 过滤掉目标身份证号的记录
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data = [item for item in data if item.get('id_card') != id_card]
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if len(data) < original_length:
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self._save_data(data)
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if len(data) < original_length: # 长度减少表示删除成功
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self._save_data(data) # 保存更新后的数据
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return True
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return False
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return False # 未找到目标记录
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def delete_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
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"""根据学号删除学生信息"""
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"""根据学号删除学生信息，逻辑同delete_by_id
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:param stu_id: 待删除学生的学号
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:return: 删除成功返回True，失败返回False"""
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data = self._load_data()
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original_length = len(data)
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@ -137,14 +192,35 @@ class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
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return False
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def search_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
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"""根据姓名模糊查询学生信息"""
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return [self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data() if name in data.get('name', '')]
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"""根据姓名模糊查询学生
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:param name: 待查询的姓名片段
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:return: 包含匹配学生的列表
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实现逻辑：
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- 遍历所有数据
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- 使用in操作符实现包含匹配
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- 处理name字段为None的情况"""
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return [
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self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data()
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if name in data.get('name', '') # data.get('name', '')避免KeyError，空字符串确保in操作合法
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]
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def search_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
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"""根据班级模糊查询学生信息"""
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return [self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data() if
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class_name in (data.get('class_name') or '')]
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"""根据班级模糊查询学生
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:param class_name: 待查询的班级片段
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:return: 包含匹配学生的列表
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实现逻辑：
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- 处理class_name为None的情况（替换为空字符串）
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- 使用in操作符实现包含匹配"""
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return [
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self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data()
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if class_name in (data.get('class_name') or '') # data.get('class_name')为None时替换为空字符串
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]
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def search_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
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"""根据专业模糊查询学生信息"""
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return [self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data() if major in (data.get('major') or '')]
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"""根据专业模糊查询学生，逻辑同search_by_class
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:param major: 待查询的专业片段
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:return: 包含匹配学生的列表"""
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return [
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self._dict_to_student(data) for data in self._load_data()
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if major in (data.get('major') or '') # 处理major为None的情况
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]
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