import os
import json
import csv
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from datetime import date
from typing import List, Optional, Dict
from model.student import Student

class IStudentDAL(ABC):
    """学生信息数据访问层接口"""

    @abstractmethod
    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
        """添加学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
        """根据身份证号删除学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
        """根据学号删除学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def update_student(self, id_card: str, updated_student: Student) -> bool:
        """更新学生信息"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def find_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
        """根据身份证号查找学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def find_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
        """根据学号查找学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def find_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
        """根据姓名查找学生（模糊匹配）"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def find_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
        """根据班级名称查找学生（模糊匹配）"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def find_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
        """根据专业查找学生（模糊匹配）"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
        """获取所有学生信息"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
        """获取学生总数"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
        """按身高范围查找学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
        """按入学年份查找学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
        """按年龄范围查找学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
        """按专业分组学生"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
        """计算平均身高"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
        """计算平均体重"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
        """计算性别比例"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
        """清空所有学生信息"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def check_student_exists_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
        """检查身份证号是否存在"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def check_student_exists_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
        """检查学号是否存在"""
        pass


class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
    """JSON文件存储实现"""

    def __init__(self, file_path: str):
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.__ensure_file_exists()

    def __ensure_file_exists(self):
        """确保JSON文件存在"""
        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                # noinspection PyTypeChecker
                json.dump([], file)

    def __load_students(self) -> List[Student]:
        """从JSON文件加载学生列表"""
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                student_dicts = json.load(file)
                return [Student.from_dict(sd) for sd in student_dicts]
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
            return []

    def __save_students(self, students: List[Student]) -> None:
        """将学生列表保存到JSON文件"""
        student_dicts = [s.to_dict() for s in students]
        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            json.dump(student_dicts, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

    # 实现接口方法
    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        if any(s.id_card == student.id_card for s in students):
            return False
        if any(s.stu_id == student.stu_id for s in students):
            return False
        students.append(student)
        self.__save_students(students)
        return True

    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        original_count = len(students)
        students = [s for s in students if s.id_card != id_card]
        if len(students) < original_count:
            self.__save_students(students)
            return True
        return False

    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        original_count = len(students)
        students = [s for s in students if s.stu_id != stu_id]
        if len(students) < original_count:
            self.__save_students(students)
            return True
        return False

    def update_student(self, id_card: str, updated_student: Student) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        for i, s in enumerate(students):
            if s.id_card == id_card:
                students[i] = updated_student
                self.__save_students(students)
                return True
        return False

    def find_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        for s in students:
            if s.id_card == id_card:
                return s
        return None

    def find_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        for s in students:
            if s.stu_id == stu_id:
                return s
        return None

    def find_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if name.lower() in s.name.lower()]

    def find_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.class_name and class_name.lower() in s.class_name.lower()]

    def find_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.major and major.lower() in s.major.lower()]

    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
        return self.__load_students()

    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
        return len(self.__load_students())

    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.height and min_height <= s.height <= max_height]

    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.enrollment_date and s.enrollment_date.year == year]

    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        today = date.today()
        result = []
        for s in students:
            if s.birth_date:
                age = today.year - s.birth_date.year
                if (today.month, today.day) < (s.birth_date.month, s.birth_date.day):
                    age -= 1
                if min_age <= age <= max_age:
                    result.append(s)
        return result

    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        groups = {}
        for s in students:
            if s.major:
                if s.major not in groups:
                    groups[s.major] = []
                groups[s.major].append(s)
        return groups

    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
        students = self.__load_students()
        heights = [s.height for s in students if s.height is not None]
        if not heights:
            return 0.0
        return sum(heights) / len(heights)

    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
        students = self.__load_students()
        weights = [s.weight for s in students if s.weight is not None]
        if not weights:
            return 0.0
        return sum(weights) / len(weights)

    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        genders = [s.gender for s in students if s.gender is not None]
        total = len(genders)
        if total == 0:
            return {True: 0.0, False: 0.0}

        male_count = sum(1 for g in genders if g)
        female_count = total - male_count
        return {
            True: male_count / total * 100,
            False: female_count / total * 100
        }

    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
        self.__save_students([])

    def check_student_exists_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
        return self.find_student_by_id_card(id_card) is not None

    def check_student_exists_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
        return self.find_student_by_stu_id(stu_id) is not None


class CsvStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
    """CSV文件存储实现"""

    def __init__(self, file_path: str):
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.__ensure_file_exists()

    def __ensure_file_exists(self):
        """确保CSV文件存在"""
        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
                writer = csv.writer(file)
                writer.writerow([
                    'name', 'id_card', 'stu_id', 'gender', 'height', 'weight',
                    'enrollment_date', 'class_name', 'major', 'email', 'phone'
                ])

    def __load_students(self) -> List[Student]:
        """从CSV文件加载学生列表"""
        students = []
        try:
            with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
                reader = csv.DictReader(file)
                for row in reader:
                    # 转换数据类型
                    if row['gender']:
                        row['gender'] = True if row['gender'] == 'True' else False

                    if row['height']:
                        row['height'] = int(row['height'])

                    if row['weight']:
                        row['weight'] = float(row['weight'])

                    if row['enrollment_date']:
                        row['enrollment_date'] = date.fromisoformat(row['enrollment_date'])

                    students.append(Student.from_dict(row))
        except (FileNotFoundError, csv.Error, ValueError):
            pass
        return students

    def __save_students(self, students: List[Student]) -> None:
        """将学生列表保存到CSV文件"""
        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
            fieldnames = [
                'name', 'id_card', 'stu_id', 'gender', 'height', 'weight',
                'enrollment_date', 'class_name', 'major', 'email', 'phone'
            ]
            writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
            writer.writeheader()
            for student in students:
                writer.writerow(student.to_dict())

    # 实现接口方法
    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        if any(s.id_card == student.id_card for s in students):
            return False
        if any(s.stu_id == student.stu_id for s in students):
            return False
        students.append(student)
        self.__save_students(students)
        return True

    def delete_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        original_count = len(students)
        students = [s for s in students if s.id_card != id_card]
        if len(students) < original_count:
            self.__save_students(students)
            return True
        return False

    def delete_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        original_count = len(students)
        students = [s for s in students if s.stu_id != stu_id]
        if len(students) < original_count:
            self.__save_students(students)
            return True
        return False

    def update_student(self, id_card: str, updated_student: Student) -> bool:
        students = self.__load_students()
        for i, s in enumerate(students):
            if s.id_card == id_card:
                students[i] = updated_student
                self.__save_students(students)
                return True
        return False

    def find_student_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        for s in students:
            if s.id_card == id_card:
                return s
        return None

    def find_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        for s in students:
            if s.stu_id == stu_id:
                return s
        return None

    def find_students_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if name.lower() in s.name.lower()]

    def find_students_by_class_name(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.class_name and class_name.lower() in s.class_name.lower()]

    def find_students_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.major and major.lower() in s.major.lower()]

    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
        return self.__load_students()

    def get_student_count(self) -> int:
        return len(self.__load_students())

    def get_students_by_height_range(self, min_height: int, max_height: int) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.height and min_height <= s.height <= max_height]

    def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self, year: int) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        return [s for s in students if s.enrollment_date and s.enrollment_date.year == year]

    def get_students_by_age_range(self, min_age: int, max_age: int) -> List[Student]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        today = date.today()
        result = []
        for s in students:
            if s.birth_date:
                age = today.year - s.birth_date.year
                if (today.month, today.day) < (s.birth_date.month, s.birth_date.day):
                    age -= 1
                if min_age <= age <= max_age:
                    result.append(s)
        return result

    def get_students_by_major_group(self) -> Dict[str, List[Student]]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        groups = {}
        for s in students:
            if s.major:
                if s.major not in groups:
                    groups[s.major] = []
                groups[s.major].append(s)
        return groups

    def get_average_height(self) -> float:
        students = self.__load_students()
        heights = [s.height for s in students if s.height is not None]
        if not heights:
            return 0.0
        return sum(heights) / len(heights)

    def get_average_weight(self) -> float:
        students = self.__load_students()
        weights = [s.weight for s in students if s.weight is not None]
        if not weights:
            return 0.0
        return sum(weights) / len(weights)

    def get_gender_ratio(self) -> Dict[Optional[bool], float]:
        students = self.__load_students()
        genders = [s.gender for s in students if s.gender is not None]
        total = len(genders)
        if total == 0:
            return {True: 0.0, False: 0.0}

        male_count = sum(1 for g in genders if g)
        female_count = total - male_count
        return {
            True: male_count / total * 100,
            False: female_count / total * 100
        }

    def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
        self.__save_students([])

    def check_student_exists_by_id_card(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
        return self.find_student_by_id_card(id_card) is not None

    def check_student_exists_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> bool:
        return self.find_student_by_stu_id(stu_id) is not None