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from datetime import date
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from typing import List, Optional, Dict, Union
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import re
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class Student:
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def __init__(self, name: str, id_card: str, stu_id: str,
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gender: Optional[bool] = None, height: Optional[int] = None,
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weight: Optional[float] = None, enrollment_date: Optional[Union[date, str]] = None,
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class_name: Optional[str] = None, major: Optional[str] = None,
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email: Optional[str] = None, phone: Optional[str] = None):
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# 初始化错误字典
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self._errors: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
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# 基本属性（必填）
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self.name = name.strip() # 数据清洗：去除首尾空格
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self.id_card = id_card.strip().upper() # 统一转为大写
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self.stu_id = stu_id.strip()
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# 可选属性
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self.gender = gender
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self.height = height
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self.weight = round(weight, 1) if weight is not None else None
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self.email = email.strip() if email else None
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self.phone = phone.strip() if phone else None
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# 解析入学日期
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self.enrollment_date = None
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if enrollment_date is not None:
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if isinstance(enrollment_date, date):
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self.enrollment_date = enrollment_date
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elif isinstance(enrollment_date, str):
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try:
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self.enrollment_date = date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
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except ValueError:
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self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期格式无效，应为YYYY-MM-DD')
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else:
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self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期类型错误，应为date对象或字符串')
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self.class_name = class_name.strip() if class_name else None
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self.major = major.strip() if major else None
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# 执行校验
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self._validate()
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def _validate(self) -> None:
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"""执行所有校验"""
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self._validate_name()
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self._validate_id_card()
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self._validate_stu_id()
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self._validate_height()
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self._validate_weight()
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self._validate_enrollment_date()
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self._validate_email()
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self._validate_phone()
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def _validate_name(self) -> None:
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"""验证姓名格式"""
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if not self.name:
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self._add_error('name', '姓名不能为空')
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return
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if not (2 <= len(self.name) <= 20):
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self._add_error('name', '姓名长度需在2-20个字符之间')
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# 允许空格但必须是可打印字符
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if not all(c.isprintable() or c.isspace() for c in self.name):
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self._add_error('name', '姓名包含非法字符')
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def _validate_id_card(self) -> None:
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"""验证身份证号格式"""
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# 长度校验
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if len(self.id_card) != 18:
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self._add_error('id_card', f'身份证号应为18位，当前为{len(self.id_card)}位')
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return
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# 前17位必须为数字
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if not self.id_card[:17].isdigit():
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self._add_error('id_card', '身份证号前17位必须为数字')
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return # 提前返回，避免后续操作出错
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# 最后一位校验
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last_char = self.id_card[17]
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if last_char not in '0123456789X':
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self._add_error('id_card', f'身份证号最后一位无效: {last_char}')
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return
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# 校验码验证
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weights = [7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2]
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check_codes = ['1', '0', 'X', '9', '8', '7', '6', '5', '4', '3', '2']
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total = sum(int(d) * w for d, w in zip(self.id_card[:17], weights))
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calculated_code = check_codes[total % 11]
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if calculated_code != last_char:
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self._add_error('id_card', f'校验码错误，应为{calculated_code}，实际为{last_char}')
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return # 校验码错误时不进行后续验证
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# 出生日期校验
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birth_str = self.id_card[6:14]
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try:
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year = int(birth_str[0:4])
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month = int(birth_str[4:6])
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day = int(birth_str[6:8])
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# 尝试创建日期对象验证有效性
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birth_date = date(year, month, day)
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# 检查出生日期是否合理
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today = date.today()
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if birth_date > today:
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self._add_error('id_card', f'出生日期不能在未来: {birth_str}')
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elif birth_date.year < 1900:
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self._add_error('id_card', f'出生年份不合理: {birth_str}')
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except ValueError:
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self._add_error('id_card', f'无效的出生日期: {birth_str}')
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def _validate_stu_id(self) -> None:
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"""验证学号"""
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if not self.stu_id:
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self._add_error('stu_id', '学号不能为空')
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def _validate_height(self) -> None:
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"""验证身高是否在合理范围内"""
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if self.height is None:
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return
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if not (50 <= self.height <= 250):
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self._add_error('height', f'身高{self.height}cm超出合理范围(50-250cm)')
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def _validate_weight(self) -> None:
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"""验证体重是否在合理范围内"""
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if self.weight is None:
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return
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if not (5.0 <= self.weight <= 300.0):
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self._add_error('weight', f'体重{self.weight}kg超出合理范围(5-300kg)')
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def _validate_enrollment_date(self) -> None:
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"""验证入学日期"""
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if self.enrollment_date is None:
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return
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today = date.today()
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if self.enrollment_date > today:
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self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期不能晚于当前日期')
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# 如果出生日期有效，检查入学日期是否晚于出生日期
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birthday = self.birthday
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if birthday:
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if self.enrollment_date < birthday:
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self._add_error('enrollment_date', '入学日期不能早于出生日期')
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def _validate_email(self) -> None:
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"""验证邮箱格式（选做）"""
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if not self.email:
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return
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pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$'
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if not re.match(pattern, self.email):
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self._add_error('email', '邮箱格式无效')
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def _validate_phone(self) -> None:
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"""验证手机号格式（选做）"""
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if not self.phone:
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return
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pattern = r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$'
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if not re.match(pattern, self.phone):
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self._add_error('phone', '手机号格式无效（应为11位数字）')
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def _add_error(self, field: str, message: str) -> None:
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"""添加错误信息
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:rtype: object
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"""
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if field not in self._errors:
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self._errors[field] = []
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self._errors[field].append(message)
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@property
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def birthday(self) -> Optional[date]:
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"""从身份证号解析出生日期"""
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if len(self.id_card) < 14:
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return None
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birth_str = self.id_card[6:14]
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try:
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return date(
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int(birth_str[0:4]),
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int(birth_str[4:6]),
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int(birth_str[6:8]))
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except (ValueError, TypeError):
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return None
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@property
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def birth_date(self) -> Optional[date]:
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"""birthday的别名"""
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return self.birthday
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@property
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def age(self) -> Optional[int]:
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"""计算年龄"""
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birthday = self.birthday
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if not birthday:
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return None
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today = date.today()
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age = today.year - birthday.year
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# 如果生日还没到，减一岁
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if (today.month, today.day) < (birthday.month, birthday.day):
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age -= 1
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return age
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@property
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def sid(self) -> str:
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"""stu_id的别名"""
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return self.stu_id
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@property
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def errors(self) -> dict:
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"""获取所有错误信息"""
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return self._errors.copy()
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def get_errors(self) -> dict:
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"""获取错误信息（方法形式）"""
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return self.errors
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@property
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def is_valid(self) -> bool:
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"""数据有效性标记"""
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return not bool(self._errors)
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# 对象比较方法
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def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
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if not isinstance(other, Student):
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return NotImplemented
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return (
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self.name == other.name and
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self.id_card == other.id_card and
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self.stu_id == other.stu_id and
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self.gender == other.gender and
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self.height == other.height and
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self.weight == other.weight and
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self.enrollment_date == other.enrollment_date and
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self.class_name == other.class_name and
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self.major == other.major
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)
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# 序列化方法
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def to_dict(self) -> dict:
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"""将对象序列化为字典"""
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return {
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'name': self.name,
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'id_card': self.id_card,
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'stu_id': self.stu_id,
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'gender': self.gender,
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'height': self.height,
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'weight': self.weight,
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'enrollment_date': self.enrollment_date.isoformat() if self.enrollment_date else None,
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'class_name': self.class_name,
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'major': self.major,
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'email': self.email,
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'phone': self.phone
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}
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# 反序列化方法
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@classmethod
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def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> 'Student':
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"""从字典创建对象"""
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if not isinstance(data, dict):
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raise TypeError("输入数据必须是字典类型")
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return cls(
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name=data.get('name', ''),
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id_card=data.get('id_card', ''),
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stu_id=data.get('stu_id', ''),
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gender=data.get('gender'),
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height=data.get('height'),
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weight=data.get('weight'),
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enrollment_date=data.get('enrollment_date'),
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class_name=data.get('class_name'),
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major=data.get('major'),
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email=data.get('email'),
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phone=data.get('phone')
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)
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@classmethod
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def get_field_names(cls) -> List[str]:
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"""获取所有字段名称（包括别名）"""
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return [
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'name', 'id_card', 'stu_id', 'sid',
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'gender', 'height', 'weight',
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'enrollment_date', 'class_name', 'major',
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'birthday', 'birth_date', 'age',
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'email', 'phone'
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]
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def __repr__(self) -> str:
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"""修复被截断的__repr__方法"""
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attrs = [
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f"name='{self.name}'",
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f"id_card='{self.id_card}'",
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f"stu_id='{self.stu_id}'",
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f"sid='{self.sid}'",
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f"gender={self.gender}",
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f"height={self.height}",
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f"weight={self.weight}",
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f"enrollment_date={self.enrollment_date.isoformat() if self.enrollment_date else None}",
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f"class_name='{self.class_name}'" if self.class_name else "class_name=None",
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f"major='{self.major}'" if self.major else "major=None",
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f"birthday={self.birthday.isoformat() if self.birthday else None}",
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f"birth_date={self.birth_date.isoformat() if self.birth_date else None}",
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f"age={self.age}",
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f"email='{self.email}'" if self.email else "email=None",
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f"phone='{self.phone}'" if self.phone else "phone=None"
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]
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return f"Student({', '.join(attrs)})" |
