diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 3327607d..74b65454 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ os/Cargo.lock
 user/target/*
 user/.idea/*
 user/Cargo.lock
+easy-fs/Cargo.lock
+easy-fs/target/*
+easy-fs-fuse/Cargo.lock
+easy-fs-fuse/target/*
 tools/
diff --git a/easy-fs-fuse/Cargo.toml b/easy-fs-fuse/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee0ef971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easy-fs-fuse/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "easy-fs-fuse"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Yifan Wu <shinbokuow@163.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+clap = "2.33.3"
+easy-fs = { path = "../easy-fs" }
+rand = "0.8.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/bin/main.rs b/easy-fs-fuse/src/main.rs
similarity index 77%
rename from easy-fs/src/bin/main.rs
rename to easy-fs-fuse/src/main.rs
index af972ddf..04f74f00 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/bin/main.rs
+++ b/easy-fs-fuse/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-extern crate easy_fs;
-extern crate alloc;
-
 use easy_fs::{
     BlockDevice,
     EasyFileSystem,
@@ -8,7 +5,8 @@ use easy_fs::{
 use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions, read_dir};
 use std::io::{Read, Write, Seek, SeekFrom};
 use std::sync::Mutex;
-use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use clap::{Arg, App};
 
 const BLOCK_SZ: usize = 512;
 
@@ -34,15 +32,30 @@ fn main() {
     easy_fs_pack().expect("Error when packing easy-fs!");
 }
 
-static TARGET_PATH: &str = "../user/target/riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf/release/";
-
 fn easy_fs_pack() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let matches = App::new("EasyFileSystem packer")
+        .arg(Arg::with_name("source")
+            .short("s")
+            .long("source")
+            .takes_value(true)
+            .help("Executable source dir(with backslash)")
+        )
+        .arg(Arg::with_name("target")
+            .short("t")
+            .long("target")
+            .takes_value(true)
+            .help("Executable target dir(with backslash)")    
+        )
+        .get_matches();
+    let src_path = matches.value_of("source").unwrap();
+    let target_path = matches.value_of("target").unwrap();
+    println!("src_path = {}\ntarget_path = {}", src_path, target_path);
     let block_file = Arc::new(BlockFile(Mutex::new({
         let f = OpenOptions::new()
             .read(true)
             .write(true)
             .create(true)
-            .open(format!("{}{}", TARGET_PATH, "fs.img"))?;
+            .open(format!("{}{}", target_path, "fs.img"))?;
         f.set_len(8192 * 512).unwrap();
         f
     })));
@@ -53,7 +66,7 @@ fn easy_fs_pack() -> std::io::Result<()> {
         1,
     );
     let root_inode = Arc::new(EasyFileSystem::root_inode(&efs));
-    let apps: Vec<_> = read_dir("../user/src/bin")
+    let apps: Vec<_> = read_dir(src_path)
         .unwrap()
         .into_iter()
         .map(|dir_entry| {
@@ -64,7 +77,7 @@ fn easy_fs_pack() -> std::io::Result<()> {
         .collect();
     for app in apps {
         // load app data from host file system
-        let mut host_file = File::open(format!("{}{}", TARGET_PATH, app)).unwrap();
+        let mut host_file = File::open(format!("{}{}", target_path, app)).unwrap();
         let mut all_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
         host_file.read_to_end(&mut all_data).unwrap();
         // create a file in easy-fs
@@ -79,22 +92,24 @@ fn easy_fs_pack() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/*
 #[test]
 fn efs_test() -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let block_file = Arc::new(BlockFile(Mutex::new(
-        OpenOptions::new()
+    let block_file = Arc::new(BlockFile(Mutex::new({
+        let f = OpenOptions::new()
             .read(true)
             .write(true)
-            .open("target/fs.img")?
-    )));
+            .create(true)
+            .open("target/fs.img")?;
+        f.set_len(8192 * 512).unwrap();
+        f
+    })));
     EasyFileSystem::create(
         block_file.clone(),
         4096,
         1,
     );
     let efs = EasyFileSystem::open(block_file.clone());
-    let mut root_inode = EasyFileSystem::root_inode(&efs);
+    let root_inode = EasyFileSystem::root_inode(&efs);
     root_inode.create("filea");
     root_inode.create("fileb");
     for name in root_inode.ls() {
@@ -146,5 +161,4 @@ fn efs_test() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     random_str_test((12 + 128) * BLOCK_SZ);
 
     Ok(())
-}
- */
\ No newline at end of file
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/easy-fs/Cargo.toml b/easy-fs/Cargo.toml
index f32c49f7..6e7cd925 100644
--- a/easy-fs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/easy-fs/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
 spin = "0.7.0"
-lazy_static = { version = "1.4.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
-#rand = "0.8.0"
\ No newline at end of file
+lazy_static = { version = "1.4.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/easy-fs/build.rs b/easy-fs/build.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5529b4fe..00000000
--- a/easy-fs/build.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-static TARGET_PATH: &str = "../user/target/riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf/release/";
-
-fn main() {
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=../user/src/");
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", TARGET_PATH);
-}
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/bitmap.rs b/easy-fs/src/bitmap.rs
index 87f8d297..4feaa9cf 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/bitmap.rs
+++ b/easy-fs/src/bitmap.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
-use super::BlockDevice;
-use super::Dirty;
-use super::BLOCK_SZ;
+use super::{
+    BlockDevice,
+    BLOCK_SZ,
+    get_block_cache,
+};
 
 type BitmapBlock = [u64; 64];
 
@@ -26,41 +28,45 @@ impl Bitmap {
             blocks,
         }
     }
+
     pub fn alloc(&self, block_device: &Arc<dyn BlockDevice>) -> Option<usize> {
         for block_id in 0..self.blocks {
-            let mut dirty_bitmap_block: Dirty<BitmapBlock> = Dirty::new(
+            let pos = get_block_cache(
                 block_id + self.start_block_id as usize,
-                0,
-                block_device.clone()
-            );
-            let bitmap_block = dirty_bitmap_block.get_mut();
-            if let Some((bits64_pos, inner_pos)) = bitmap_block
-                .iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .find(|(_, bits64)| **bits64 != u64::MAX)
-                .map(|(bits64_pos, bits64)| {
-                    (bits64_pos, bits64.trailing_ones() as usize)
-                }) {
-                // modify cache
-                bitmap_block[bits64_pos] |= 1u64 << inner_pos;
-                return Some(block_id * BLOCK_BITS + bits64_pos * 64 + inner_pos as usize);
-                // after dirty is dropped, data will be written back automatically
+                Arc::clone(block_device),
+            ).lock().modify(0, |bitmap_block: &mut BitmapBlock| {
+                if let Some((bits64_pos, inner_pos)) = bitmap_block
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .find(|(_, bits64)| **bits64 != u64::MAX)
+                    .map(|(bits64_pos, bits64)| {
+                        (bits64_pos, bits64.trailing_ones() as usize)
+                    }) {
+                    // modify cache
+                    bitmap_block[bits64_pos] |= 1u64 << inner_pos;
+                    Some(block_id * BLOCK_BITS + bits64_pos * 64 + inner_pos as usize)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            });
+            if pos.is_some() {
+                return pos;
             }
         }
         None
     }
+
     pub fn dealloc(&self, block_device: &Arc<dyn BlockDevice>, bit: usize) {
         let (block_pos, bits64_pos, inner_pos) = decomposition(bit);
-        let mut dirty_bitmap_block: Dirty<BitmapBlock> = Dirty::new(
+        get_block_cache(
             block_pos + self.start_block_id,
-            0,
-            block_device.clone(),
-        );
-        dirty_bitmap_block.modify(|bitmap_block| {
+            Arc::clone(block_device)
+        ).lock().modify(0, |bitmap_block: &mut BitmapBlock| {
             assert!(bitmap_block[bits64_pos] & (1u64 << inner_pos) > 0);
             bitmap_block[bits64_pos] -= 1u64 << inner_pos;
         });
     }
+
     pub fn maximum(&self) -> usize {
         self.blocks * BLOCK_BITS
     }
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/block_cache.rs b/easy-fs/src/block_cache.rs
index 34450f63..57265812 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/block_cache.rs
+++ b/easy-fs/src/block_cache.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use super::{
-    BlockDevice,
     BLOCK_SZ,
+    BlockDevice,
 };
-use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
-use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use lazy_static::*;
 use spin::Mutex;
 
@@ -11,76 +11,118 @@ pub struct BlockCache {
     cache: [u8; BLOCK_SZ],
     block_id: usize,
     block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>,
+    modified: bool,
 }
 
 impl BlockCache {
-    pub fn new(block_id: usize, block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>) -> Self {
+    /// Load a new BlockCache from disk.
+    pub fn new(
+        block_id: usize, 
+        block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>
+    ) -> Self {
         let mut cache = [0u8; BLOCK_SZ];
         block_device.read_block(block_id, &mut cache);
         Self {
             cache,
             block_id,
             block_device,
+            modified: false,
         }
     }
-    pub fn start_addr(&self, offset: usize) -> usize {
+
+    fn addr_of_offset(&self, offset: usize) -> usize {
         &self.cache[offset] as *const _ as usize
     }
+
+    pub fn get_ref<T>(&self, offset: usize) -> &T where T: Sized {
+        let type_size = core::mem::size_of::<T>();
+        assert!(offset + type_size <= BLOCK_SZ);
+        let addr = self.addr_of_offset(offset);
+        unsafe { &*(addr as *const T) } 
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut<T>(&mut self, offset: usize) -> &mut T where T: Sized {
+        let type_size = core::mem::size_of::<T>();
+        assert!(offset + type_size <= BLOCK_SZ);
+        self.modified = true;
+        let addr = self.addr_of_offset(offset);
+        unsafe { &mut *(addr as *mut T) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn read<T, V>(&self, offset: usize, f: impl FnOnce(&T) -> V) -> V {
+        f(self.get_ref(offset))
+    }
+
+    pub fn modify<T, V>(&mut self, offset:usize, f: impl FnOnce(&mut T) -> V) -> V {
+        f(self.get_mut(offset))
+    }
+
+    pub fn sync(&mut self) {
+        if self.modified {
+            self.modified = false;
+            self.block_device.write_block(self.block_id, &self.cache);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for BlockCache {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // write back
-        self.block_device.write_block(self.block_id, &self.cache);
-        // invalid in block cache manager
-        BLOCK_CACHE_MANAGER.lock().invalid(self.block_id);
+        self.sync()
     }
 }
 
-pub struct BlockCacheManager {
-    map: BTreeMap<usize, Weak<BlockCache>>,
-}
+const BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE: usize = 16;
 
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref BLOCK_CACHE_MANAGER: Mutex<BlockCacheManager> = Mutex::new(
-        BlockCacheManager::new()
-    );
+pub struct BlockCacheManager {
+    queue: VecDeque<(usize, Arc<Mutex<BlockCache>>)>,
 }
 
 impl BlockCacheManager {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { map: BTreeMap::new() }
+        Self { queue: VecDeque::new() }
     }
-    pub fn get(
+
+    pub fn get_block_cache(
         &mut self,
         block_id: usize,
-        block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>
-    ) -> Arc<BlockCache> {
-        if let Some(block_cache) = self.map.get(&block_id) {
-            // return cloned
-            block_cache.upgrade().unwrap().clone()
+        block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>,
+    ) -> Arc<Mutex<BlockCache>> {
+        if let Some(pair) = self.queue
+            .iter()
+            .find(|pair| pair.0 == block_id) {
+                Arc::clone(&pair.1)
         } else {
-            // fetch from disk
-            let block_cache = Arc::new(BlockCache::new(
-                block_id,
-                block_device.clone()
+            // substitute
+            if self.queue.len() == BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE {
+                // from front to tail
+                if let Some((idx, _)) = self.queue
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .find(|(_, pair)| Arc::strong_count(&pair.1) == 1) {
+                    self.queue.drain(idx..=idx);
+                } else {
+                    panic!("Run out of BlockCache!");
+                }
+            }
+            // load block into mem and push back
+            let block_cache = Arc::new(Mutex::new(
+                BlockCache::new(block_id, Arc::clone(&block_device))
             ));
-            self.map.insert(
-                block_id,
-                Arc::downgrade(&block_cache),
-            );
-            // return
+            self.queue.push_back((block_id, Arc::clone(&block_cache)));
             block_cache
         }
     }
-    pub fn invalid(&mut self, block_id: usize) {
-        assert!(self.map.remove(&block_id).is_some());
-    }
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref BLOCK_CACHE_MANAGER: Mutex<BlockCacheManager> = Mutex::new(
+        BlockCacheManager::new()
+    );
 }
 
 pub fn get_block_cache(
     block_id: usize,
     block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>
-) -> Arc<BlockCache> {
-    BLOCK_CACHE_MANAGER.lock().get(block_id, block_device)
+) -> Arc<Mutex<BlockCache>> {
+    BLOCK_CACHE_MANAGER.lock().get_block_cache(block_id, block_device)
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/dirty.rs b/easy-fs/src/dirty.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 8aa41e35..00000000
--- a/easy-fs/src/dirty.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-use super::{
-    BlockDevice,
-    BLOCK_SZ,
-    BlockCache,
-    get_block_cache,
-};
-use alloc::sync::Arc;
-use core::marker::PhantomData;
-
-pub struct Dirty<T> {
-    block_cache: Arc<BlockCache>,
-    offset: usize,
-    phantom: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> Dirty<T> where T: Sized {
-    pub fn new(block_id: usize, offset: usize, block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            block_cache: get_block_cache(block_id, block_device.clone()),
-            offset,
-            phantom: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        let type_size = core::mem::size_of::<T>();
-        // assert that the struct is inside a block
-        assert!(self.offset + type_size <= BLOCK_SZ);
-        let start_addr = self.block_cache.start_addr(self.offset);
-        unsafe { &mut *(start_addr as *mut T) }
-    }
-    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &T {
-        let type_size = core::mem::size_of::<T>();
-        // assert that the struct is inside a block
-        assert!(self.offset + type_size <= BLOCK_SZ);
-        let start_addr = self.block_cache.start_addr(self.offset);
-        unsafe { &*(start_addr as *const T) }
-    }
-    pub fn read<V>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&T) -> V) -> V {
-        f(self.get_ref())
-    }
-    pub fn modify<V>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut T) -> V) -> V {
-        f(self.get_mut())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/efs.rs b/easy-fs/src/efs.rs
index f2103740..caf4d8cb 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/efs.rs
+++ b/easy-fs/src/efs.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use super::{
     SuperBlock,
     DiskInode,
     DiskInodeType,
-    Dirty,
     Inode,
+    get_block_cache,
 };
 use crate::BLOCK_SZ;
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl EasyFileSystem {
             data_bitmap_blocks as usize,
         );
         let mut efs = Self {
-            block_device,
+            block_device: Arc::clone(&block_device),
             inode_bitmap,
             data_bitmap,
             inode_area_start_block: 1 + inode_bitmap_blocks,
@@ -49,14 +49,19 @@ impl EasyFileSystem {
         };
         // clear all blocks
         for i in 0..total_blocks {
-            efs.get_block(i).modify(|data_block| {
-                for byte in data_block.iter_mut() {
-                    *byte = 0;
-                }
+            get_block_cache(
+                i as usize, 
+                Arc::clone(&block_device)
+            )
+            .lock()
+            .modify(0, |data_block: &mut DataBlock| {
+                for byte in data_block.iter_mut() { *byte = 0; }
             });
         }
         // initialize SuperBlock
-        efs.get_super_block().modify(|super_block| {
+        get_block_cache(0, Arc::clone(&block_device))
+        .lock()
+        .modify(0, |super_block: &mut SuperBlock| {
             super_block.initialize(
                 total_blocks,
                 inode_bitmap_blocks,
@@ -68,10 +73,15 @@ impl EasyFileSystem {
         // write back immediately
         // create a inode for root node "/"
         assert_eq!(efs.alloc_inode(), 0);
-        efs.get_disk_inode(0).modify(|disk_inode| {
+        let (root_inode_block_id, root_inode_offset) = efs.get_disk_inode_pos(0);
+        get_block_cache(
+            root_inode_block_id as usize,
+            Arc::clone(&block_device)
+        )
+        .lock()
+        .modify(root_inode_offset, |disk_inode: &mut DiskInode| {
             disk_inode.initialize(
-                DiskInodeType::Directory,
-                efs.alloc_data(),
+                DiskInodeType::Directory,efs.alloc_data()
             );
         });
         Arc::new(Mutex::new(efs))
@@ -79,54 +89,56 @@ impl EasyFileSystem {
 
     pub fn open(block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>) -> Arc<Mutex<Self>> {
         // read SuperBlock
-        let super_block_dirty: Dirty<SuperBlock> = Dirty::new(0, 0, block_device.clone());
-        let super_block = super_block_dirty.get_ref();
-        assert!(super_block.is_valid(), "Error loading EFS!");
-        let inode_total_blocks =
-            super_block.inode_bitmap_blocks + super_block.inode_area_blocks;
-        let efs = Self {
-            block_device,
-            inode_bitmap: Bitmap::new(
-                1,
-                super_block.inode_bitmap_blocks as usize
-            ),
-            data_bitmap: Bitmap::new(
-                (1 + inode_total_blocks) as usize,
-                super_block.data_bitmap_blocks as usize,
-            ),
-            inode_area_start_block: 1 + super_block.inode_bitmap_blocks,
-            data_area_start_block: 1 + inode_total_blocks + super_block.data_bitmap_blocks,
-        };
-        Arc::new(Mutex::new(efs))
+        get_block_cache(0, Arc::clone(&block_device))
+            .lock()
+            .read(0, |super_block: &SuperBlock| {
+                assert!(super_block.is_valid(), "Error loading EFS!");
+                let inode_total_blocks =
+                    super_block.inode_bitmap_blocks + super_block.inode_area_blocks;
+                let efs = Self {
+                    block_device,
+                    inode_bitmap: Bitmap::new(
+                        1,
+                        super_block.inode_bitmap_blocks as usize
+                    ),
+                    data_bitmap: Bitmap::new(
+                        (1 + inode_total_blocks) as usize,
+                        super_block.data_bitmap_blocks as usize,
+                    ),
+                    inode_area_start_block: 1 + super_block.inode_bitmap_blocks,
+                    data_area_start_block: 1 + inode_total_blocks + super_block.data_bitmap_blocks,
+                };
+                Arc::new(Mutex::new(efs))
+            })        
     }
 
     pub fn root_inode(efs: &Arc<Mutex<Self>>) -> Inode {
+        let block_device = Arc::clone(&efs.lock().block_device);
         Inode::new(
             0,
-            efs.clone(),
-            efs.lock().block_device.clone(),
+            Arc::clone(efs),
+            block_device,
         )
     }
 
+    /*
     fn get_super_block(&self) -> Dirty<SuperBlock> {
         Dirty::new(0, 0, self.block_device.clone())
     }
+    */
 
-    pub fn get_disk_inode(&self, inode_id: u32) -> Dirty<DiskInode> {
+    pub fn get_disk_inode_pos(&self, inode_id: u32) -> (u32, usize) {
         let inode_size = core::mem::size_of::<DiskInode>();
         let inodes_per_block = (BLOCK_SZ / inode_size) as u32;
         let block_id = self.inode_area_start_block + inode_id / inodes_per_block;
-        Dirty::new(
-            block_id as usize,
-            (inode_id % inodes_per_block) as usize * inode_size,
-            self.block_device.clone(),
-        )
+        (block_id, (inode_id % inodes_per_block) as usize * inode_size)
     }
 
-    pub fn get_data_block(&self, data_block_id: u32) -> Dirty<DataBlock> {
-        self.get_block(self.data_area_start_block + data_block_id)
+    pub fn get_data_block_id(&self, data_block_id: u32) -> u32 {
+        self.data_area_start_block + data_block_id
     }
 
+    /*
     fn get_block(&self, block_id: u32) -> Dirty<DataBlock> {
         Dirty::new(
             block_id as usize,
@@ -134,6 +146,7 @@ impl EasyFileSystem {
             self.block_device.clone(),
         )
     }
+    */
 
     pub fn alloc_inode(&mut self) -> u32 {
         self.inode_bitmap.alloc(&self.block_device).unwrap() as u32
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/layout.rs b/easy-fs/src/layout.rs
index 725c1e44..ace1ced8 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/layout.rs
+++ b/easy-fs/src/layout.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use core::fmt::{Debug, Formatter, Result};
 use super::{
     BLOCK_SZ,
     BlockDevice,
-    Dirty,
+    get_block_cache,
 };
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ impl DiskInode {
     pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
         self.type_ == DiskInodeType::Directory
     }
+    #[allow(unused)]
     pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool {
         self.type_ == DiskInodeType::File
     }
@@ -102,14 +103,11 @@ impl DiskInode {
             self.direct[inner_id]
         } else {
             // only support indirect1 now
-            Dirty::<IndirectBlock>::new(
-                self.indirect1 as usize,
-                0,
-                block_device.clone()
-            ).read(|indirect_block| {
-                // it will panic if file is too large
-                indirect_block[inner_id - INODE_DIRECT_COUNT]
-            })
+            get_block_cache(self.indirect1 as usize, Arc::clone(block_device))
+                .lock()
+                .read(0, |indirect_block: &IndirectBlock| {
+                    indirect_block[inner_id - INODE_DIRECT_COUNT]
+                })
         }
     }
     pub fn blocks_num_needed(&self, new_size: u32) -> u32 {
@@ -126,11 +124,12 @@ impl DiskInode {
         let last_blocks = self.blocks();
         self.size = new_size;
         let current_blocks = self.blocks();
-        Dirty::<IndirectBlock>::new(
+        get_block_cache(
             self.indirect1 as usize,
-            0,
-            block_device.clone()
-        ).modify(|indirect_block| {
+            Arc::clone(block_device)
+        )
+        .lock()
+        .modify(0, |indirect_block: &mut IndirectBlock| {
             for i in 0..current_blocks - last_blocks {
                 let inner_id = (last_blocks + i) as usize;
                 let new_block = new_blocks[i as usize];
@@ -152,11 +151,12 @@ impl DiskInode {
             self.direct[i] = 0;
         }
         if blocks > INODE_DIRECT_COUNT {
-            Dirty::<IndirectBlock>::new(
+            get_block_cache(
                 self.indirect1 as usize,
-                0,
-                block_device.clone(),
-            ).modify(|indirect_block| {
+                Arc::clone(block_device),
+            )
+            .lock()
+            .modify(0, |indirect_block: &mut IndirectBlock| {
                 for i in 0..blocks - INODE_DIRECT_COUNT {
                     v.push(indirect_block[i]);
                     indirect_block[i] = 0;
@@ -185,11 +185,12 @@ impl DiskInode {
             // read and update read size
             let block_read_size = end_current_block - start;
             let dst = &mut buf[read_size..read_size + block_read_size];
-            Dirty::<DataBlock>::new(
+            get_block_cache(
                 self.get_block_id(start_block as u32, block_device) as usize,
-                0,
-                block_device.clone()
-            ).read(|data_block| {
+                Arc::clone(block_device),
+            )
+            .lock()
+            .read(0, |data_block: &DataBlock| {
                 let src = &data_block[start % BLOCK_SZ..start % BLOCK_SZ + block_read_size];
                 dst.copy_from_slice(src);
             });
@@ -219,11 +220,12 @@ impl DiskInode {
             end_current_block = end_current_block.min(end);
             // write and update write size
             let block_write_size = end_current_block - start;
-            Dirty::<DataBlock>::new(
+            get_block_cache(
                 self.get_block_id(start_block as u32, block_device) as usize,
-                0,
-                block_device.clone()
-            ).modify(|data_block| {
+                Arc::clone(block_device)
+            )
+            .lock()
+            .modify(0, |data_block: &mut DataBlock| {
                 let src = &buf[write_size..write_size + block_write_size];
                 let dst = &mut data_block[start % BLOCK_SZ..start % BLOCK_SZ + block_write_size];
                 dst.copy_from_slice(src);
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/lib.rs b/easy-fs/src/lib.rs
index 961efa65..10a5af76 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/easy-fs/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ extern crate alloc;
 mod block_dev;
 mod layout;
 mod efs;
-mod dirty;
 mod bitmap;
 mod vfs;
 mod block_cache;
@@ -15,6 +14,5 @@ pub use block_dev::BlockDevice;
 pub use efs::EasyFileSystem;
 pub use vfs::Inode;
 use layout::*;
-use dirty::Dirty;
 use bitmap::Bitmap;
-use block_cache::{BlockCache, get_block_cache};
\ No newline at end of file
+use block_cache::get_block_cache;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/easy-fs/src/vfs.rs b/easy-fs/src/vfs.rs
index d7631354..a98fd607 100644
--- a/easy-fs/src/vfs.rs
+++ b/easy-fs/src/vfs.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use super::{
     BlockDevice,
-    Dirty,
     DiskInode,
     DiskInodeType,
     DirEntry,
     DirentBytes,
     EasyFileSystem,
     DIRENT_SZ,
+    get_block_cache,
 };
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use alloc::string::String;
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use spin::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
 
 pub struct Inode {
-    inode_id: u32,
+    block_id: usize,
+    block_offset: usize,
     fs: Arc<Mutex<EasyFileSystem>>,
     block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>,
 }
@@ -25,37 +26,51 @@ impl Inode {
         fs: Arc<Mutex<EasyFileSystem>>,
         block_device: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>,
     ) -> Self {
+        let (block_id, block_offset) = fs.lock().get_disk_inode_pos(inode_id);
         Self {
-            inode_id,
+            block_id: block_id as usize,
+            block_offset,
             fs,
             block_device,
         }
     }
 
+    fn read_disk_inode<V>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&DiskInode) -> V) -> V {
+        get_block_cache(
+            self.block_id,
+            Arc::clone(&self.block_device)
+        ).lock().read(self.block_offset, f)
+    }
+
+    fn modify_disk_inode<V>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut DiskInode) -> V) -> V {
+        get_block_cache(
+            self.block_id,
+            Arc::clone(&self.block_device)
+        ).lock().modify(self.block_offset, f)
+    }
+
+    /*
     fn get_disk_inode(&self, fs: &mut MutexGuard<EasyFileSystem>) -> Dirty<DiskInode> {
         fs.get_disk_inode(self.inode_id)
     }
+    */
 
     fn find_inode_id(
         &self,
         name: &str,
-        inode: &Dirty<DiskInode>,
+        disk_inode: &DiskInode,
     ) -> Option<u32> {
         // assert it is a directory
-        assert!(inode.read(|inode| inode.is_dir()));
-        let file_count = inode.read(|inode| {
-            inode.size as usize
-        }) / DIRENT_SZ;
+        assert!(disk_inode.is_dir());
+        let file_count = (disk_inode.size as usize) / DIRENT_SZ;
         let mut dirent_space: DirentBytes = Default::default();
         for i in 0..file_count {
             assert_eq!(
-                inode.read(|inode| {
-                    inode.read_at(
-                        DIRENT_SZ * i,
-                        &mut dirent_space,
-                        &self.block_device,
-                    )
-                }),
+                disk_inode.read_at(
+                    DIRENT_SZ * i,
+                    &mut dirent_space,
+                    &self.block_device,
+                ),
                 DIRENT_SZ,
             );
             let dirent = DirEntry::from_bytes(&dirent_space);
@@ -67,9 +82,9 @@ impl Inode {
     }
 
     pub fn find(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Inode>> {
-        let mut fs = self.fs.lock();
-        let inode = self.get_disk_inode(&mut fs);
-        self.find_inode_id(name, &inode)
+        let _ = self.fs.lock();
+        self.read_disk_inode(|disk_inode| {
+            self.find_inode_id(name, disk_inode)
             .map(|inode_id| {
                 Arc::new(Self::new(
                     inode_id,
@@ -77,68 +92,69 @@ impl Inode {
                     self.block_device.clone(),
                 ))
             })
+        })
     }
 
     fn increase_size(
         &self,
         new_size: u32,
-        inode: &mut Dirty<DiskInode>,
+        disk_inode: &mut DiskInode,
         fs: &mut MutexGuard<EasyFileSystem>,
     ) {
-        let size = inode.read(|inode| inode.size);
-        if new_size < size {
+        if new_size < disk_inode.size {
             return;
         }
-        let blocks_needed = inode.read(|inode| {
-            inode.blocks_num_needed(new_size)
-        });
+        let blocks_needed = disk_inode.blocks_num_needed(new_size);
         let mut v: Vec<u32> = Vec::new();
         for _ in 0..blocks_needed {
             v.push(fs.alloc_data());
         }
-        inode.modify(|inode| {
-            inode.increase_size(new_size, v, &self.block_device);
-        });
+        disk_inode.increase_size(new_size, v, &self.block_device);
     }
 
     pub fn create(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Inode>> {
         let mut fs = self.fs.lock();
-        let mut inode = self.get_disk_inode(&mut fs);
-        // assert it is a directory
-        assert!(inode.read(|inode| inode.is_dir()));
-        // has the file been created?
-        if let Some(_) = self.find_inode_id(name, &inode) {
+        if self.modify_disk_inode(|root_inode| {
+            // assert it is a directory
+            assert!(root_inode.is_dir());
+            // has the file been created?
+            self.find_inode_id(name, root_inode)
+        }).is_some() {
             return None;
         }
-
+        //println!("same file does not exist in Inode::create.");
         // create a new file
         // alloc a inode with an indirect block
         let new_inode_id = fs.alloc_inode();
         let indirect1 = fs.alloc_data();
         // initialize inode
-        fs.get_disk_inode(new_inode_id).modify(|inode| {
-            inode.initialize(
-                DiskInodeType::File,
-                indirect1,
-            )
+        let (new_inode_block_id, new_inode_block_offset) 
+            = fs.get_disk_inode_pos(new_inode_id);
+        //println!("new_inode_id={} ({},{})", new_inode_id, new_inode_block_id, new_inode_block_offset);
+        get_block_cache(
+            new_inode_block_id as usize,
+            Arc::clone(&self.block_device)
+        ).lock().modify(new_inode_block_offset, |new_inode: &mut DiskInode| {
+            new_inode.initialize(DiskInodeType::File, indirect1);
         });
-
-        // append file in the dirent
-        let file_count =
-            inode.read(|inode| inode.size as usize) / DIRENT_SZ;
-        let new_size = (file_count + 1) * DIRENT_SZ;
-        // increase size
-        self.increase_size(new_size as u32, &mut inode, &mut fs);
-        // write dirent
-        let dirent = DirEntry::new(name, new_inode_id);
-        inode.modify(|inode| {
-            inode.write_at(
+        //println!("new inode has been initialized.");
+        self.modify_disk_inode(|root_inode| {
+            // append file in the dirent
+            let file_count = (root_inode.size as usize) / DIRENT_SZ;
+            let new_size = (file_count + 1) * DIRENT_SZ;
+            // increase size
+            self.increase_size(new_size as u32, root_inode, &mut fs);
+            // write dirent
+            let dirent = DirEntry::new(name, new_inode_id);
+            root_inode.write_at(
                 file_count * DIRENT_SZ,
                 dirent.into_bytes(),
                 &self.block_device,
             );
         });
-
+        //println!("new file has been inserted into root inode.");
+        // release efs lock manually because we will acquire it again in Inode::new
+        drop(fs);
         // return inode
         Some(Arc::new(Self::new(
             new_inode_id,
@@ -148,53 +164,48 @@ impl Inode {
     }
 
     pub fn ls(&self) -> Vec<String> {
-        let mut fs = self.fs.lock();
-        let inode = self.get_disk_inode(&mut fs);
-        let file_count = inode.read(|inode| {
-            (inode.size as usize) / DIRENT_SZ
-        });
-        let mut v: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-        for i in 0..file_count {
-            let mut dirent_bytes: DirentBytes = Default::default();
-            assert_eq!(
-                inode.read(|inode| {
-                    inode.read_at(
+        let _ = self.fs.lock();
+        self.read_disk_inode(|disk_inode| {
+            let file_count = (disk_inode.size as usize) / DIRENT_SZ;
+            let mut v: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+            for i in 0..file_count {
+                let mut dirent_bytes: DirentBytes = Default::default();
+                assert_eq!(
+                    disk_inode.read_at(
                         i * DIRENT_SZ,
                         &mut dirent_bytes,
                         &self.block_device,
-                    )
-                }),
-                DIRENT_SZ,
-            );
-            v.push(String::from(DirEntry::from_bytes(&dirent_bytes).name()));
-        }
-        v
+                    ),
+                    DIRENT_SZ,
+                );
+                v.push(String::from(DirEntry::from_bytes(&dirent_bytes).name()));
+            }
+            v
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn read_at(&self, offset: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
-        let mut fs = self.fs.lock();
-        self.get_disk_inode(&mut fs).modify(|disk_inode| {
+        let _ = self.fs.lock();
+        self.read_disk_inode(|disk_inode| {
             disk_inode.read_at(offset, buf, &self.block_device)
         })
     }
 
     pub fn write_at(&self, offset: usize, buf: &[u8]) -> usize {
         let mut fs = self.fs.lock();
-        let mut inode = self.get_disk_inode(&mut fs);
-        self.increase_size((offset + buf.len()) as u32, &mut inode, &mut fs);
-        inode.modify(|disk_inode| {
+        self.modify_disk_inode(|disk_inode| {
+            self.increase_size((offset + buf.len()) as u32, disk_inode, &mut fs);
             disk_inode.write_at(offset, buf, &self.block_device)
         })
     }
 
     pub fn clear(&self) {
         let mut fs = self.fs.lock();
-        let mut inode = self.get_disk_inode(&mut fs);
-        let data_blocks_dealloc = inode.modify(|disk_inode| {
-            disk_inode.clear_size(&self.block_device)
+        self.modify_disk_inode(|disk_inode| {
+            let data_blocks_dealloc = disk_inode.clear_size(&self.block_device);
+            for data_block in data_blocks_dealloc.into_iter() {
+                fs.dealloc_data(data_block);
+            }
         });
-        for data_block in data_blocks_dealloc.into_iter() {
-            fs.dealloc_data(data_block);
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/os/Makefile b/os/Makefile
index f1813146..568a2779 100644
--- a/os/Makefile
+++ b/os/Makefile
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ $(KERNEL_BIN): kernel
 
 $(FS_IMG): $(APPS)
 	@cd ../user && make build
-	@cd ../easy-fs && cargo run --release
+	@cd ../easy-fs-fuse && cargo run --release -- -s ../user/src/bin/ -t ../user/target/riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf/release/
 
 $(APPS):
 
diff --git a/user/Makefile b/user/Makefile
index 5e0f87c3..e2eaf994 100644
--- a/user/Makefile
+++ b/user/Makefile
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ build: binary
 clean:
 	@cargo clean
 
-.PHONY: elf binary build clean
\ No newline at end of file
+.PHONY: elf binary build clean