cargo clippy & fmt

os/build.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+use std::fs::{read_dir, File};
 use std::io::{Result, Write};
-use std::fs::{File, read_dir};
 
 fn main() {
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=../user/src/");
@@ -22,12 +22,16 @@ fn insert_app_data() -> Result<()> {
         .collect();
     apps.sort();
 
-    writeln!(f, r#"
+    writeln!(
+        f,
+        r#"
     .align 3
     .section .data
     .global _num_app
 _num_app:
-    .quad {}"#, apps.len())?;
+    .quad {}"#,
+        apps.len()
+    )?;
 
     for i in 0..apps.len() {
         writeln!(f, r#"    .quad app_{}_start"#, i)?;
@@ -36,14 +40,18 @@ _num_app:
 
     for (idx, app) in apps.iter().enumerate() {
         println!("app_{}: {}", idx, app);
-        writeln!(f, r#"
+        writeln!(
+            f,
+            r#"
     .section .data
     .global app_{0}_start
     .global app_{0}_end
     .align 3
 app_{0}_start:
     .incbin "{2}{1}"
-app_{0}_end:"#, idx, app, TARGET_PATH)?;
+app_{0}_end:"#,
+            idx, app, TARGET_PATH
+        )?;
     }
     Ok(())
-}
+}

os/src/console.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use core::fmt::{self, Write};
 use crate::sbi::console_putchar;
+use core::fmt::{self, Write};
 
 struct Stdout;
 
@@ -29,5 +29,3 @@ macro_rules! println {
         $crate::console::print(format_args!(concat!($fmt, "\n") $(, $($arg)+)?));
     }
 }
-
-

os/src/lang_items.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 use crate::sbi::shutdown;
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
     if let Some(location) = info.location() {
-        println!("[kernel] Panicked at {}:{} {}", location.file(), location.line(), info.message().unwrap());
+        println!(
+            "[kernel] Panicked at {}:{} {}",
+            location.file(),
+            location.line(),
+            info.message().unwrap()
+        );
     } else {
         println!("[kernel] Panicked: {}", info.message().unwrap());
     }

os/src/loader.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 pub fn get_num_app() -> usize {
-    extern "C" { fn _num_app(); }
+    extern "C" {
+        fn _num_app();
+    }
     unsafe { (_num_app as usize as *const usize).read_volatile() }
 }
 
 pub fn get_app_data(app_id: usize) -> &'static [u8] {
-    extern "C" { fn _num_app(); }
+    extern "C" {
+        fn _num_app();
+    }
     let num_app_ptr = _num_app as usize as *const usize;
     let num_app = get_num_app();
-    let app_start = unsafe {
-        core::slice::from_raw_parts(num_app_ptr.add(1), num_app + 1)
-    };
+    let app_start = unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(num_app_ptr.add(1), num_app + 1) };
     assert!(app_id < num_app);
     unsafe {
         core::slice::from_raw_parts(
             app_start[app_id] as *const u8,
-            app_start[app_id + 1] - app_start[app_id]
+            app_start[app_id + 1] - app_start[app_id],
         )
     }
 }

os/src/main.rs

@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@ extern crate bitflags;
 
 #[macro_use]
 mod console;
+mod config;
 mod lang_items;
+mod loader;
+mod mm;
 mod sbi;
+mod sync;
 mod syscall;
-mod trap;
-mod loader;
-mod config;
 mod task;
 mod timer;
-mod sync;
-mod mm;
+mod trap;
 
 use core::arch::global_asm;
 
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ fn clear_bss() {
         fn ebss();
     }
     unsafe {
-        core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
-            sbss as usize as *mut u8,
-            ebss as usize - sbss as usize,
-        ).fill(0);
+        core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(sbss as usize as *mut u8, ebss as usize - sbss as usize)
+            .fill(0);
     }
 }
 

os/src/mm/address.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use crate::config::{PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE_BITS};
 use super::PageTableEntry;
+use crate::config::{PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE_BITS};
 use core::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
 const PA_WIDTH_SV39: usize = 56;
@@ -48,35 +48,59 @@ impl Debug for PhysPageNum {
 /// usize -> T: usize.into()
 
 impl From<usize> for PhysAddr {
-    fn from(v: usize) -> Self { Self(v & ( (1 << PA_WIDTH_SV39) - 1 )) }
+    fn from(v: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(v & ((1 << PA_WIDTH_SV39) - 1))
+    }
 }
 impl From<usize> for PhysPageNum {
-    fn from(v: usize) -> Self { Self(v & ( (1 << PPN_WIDTH_SV39) - 1 )) }
+    fn from(v: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(v & ((1 << PPN_WIDTH_SV39) - 1))
+    }
 }
 impl From<usize> for VirtAddr {
-    fn from(v: usize) -> Self { Self(v & ( (1 << VA_WIDTH_SV39) - 1 )) }
+    fn from(v: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(v & ((1 << VA_WIDTH_SV39) - 1))
+    }
 }
 impl From<usize> for VirtPageNum {
-    fn from(v: usize) -> Self { Self(v & ( (1 << VPN_WIDTH_SV39) - 1 )) }
+    fn from(v: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(v & ((1 << VPN_WIDTH_SV39) - 1))
+    }
 }
 impl From<PhysAddr> for usize {
-    fn from(v: PhysAddr) -> Self { v.0 }
+    fn from(v: PhysAddr) -> Self {
+        v.0
+    }
 }
 impl From<PhysPageNum> for usize {
-    fn from(v: PhysPageNum) -> Self { v.0 }
+    fn from(v: PhysPageNum) -> Self {
+        v.0
+    }
 }
 impl From<VirtAddr> for usize {
-    fn from(v: VirtAddr) -> Self { v.0 }
+    fn from(v: VirtAddr) -> Self {
+        v.0
+    }
 }
 impl From<VirtPageNum> for usize {
-    fn from(v: VirtPageNum) -> Self { v.0 }
+    fn from(v: VirtPageNum) -> Self {
+        v.0
+    }
 }
 
 impl VirtAddr {
-    pub fn floor(&self) -> VirtPageNum { VirtPageNum(self.0 / PAGE_SIZE) }
-    pub fn ceil(&self) -> VirtPageNum  { VirtPageNum((self.0 - 1 + PAGE_SIZE) / PAGE_SIZE) }
-    pub fn page_offset(&self) -> usize { self.0 & (PAGE_SIZE - 1) }
-    pub fn aligned(&self) -> bool { self.page_offset() == 0 }
+    pub fn floor(&self) -> VirtPageNum {
+        VirtPageNum(self.0 / PAGE_SIZE)
+    }
+    pub fn ceil(&self) -> VirtPageNum {
+        VirtPageNum((self.0 - 1 + PAGE_SIZE) / PAGE_SIZE)
+    }
+    pub fn page_offset(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0 & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)
+    }
+    pub fn aligned(&self) -> bool {
+        self.page_offset() == 0
+    }
 }
 impl From<VirtAddr> for VirtPageNum {
     fn from(v: VirtAddr) -> Self {
@@ -85,13 +109,23 @@ impl From<VirtAddr> for VirtPageNum {
     }
 }
 impl From<VirtPageNum> for VirtAddr {
-    fn from(v: VirtPageNum) -> Self { Self(v.0 << PAGE_SIZE_BITS) }
+    fn from(v: VirtPageNum) -> Self {
+        Self(v.0 << PAGE_SIZE_BITS)
+    }
 }
 impl PhysAddr {
-    pub fn floor(&self) -> PhysPageNum { PhysPageNum(self.0 / PAGE_SIZE) }
-    pub fn ceil(&self) -> PhysPageNum { PhysPageNum((self.0 - 1 + PAGE_SIZE) / PAGE_SIZE) }
-    pub fn page_offset(&self) -> usize { self.0 & (PAGE_SIZE - 1) }
-    pub fn aligned(&self) -> bool { self.page_offset() == 0 }
+    pub fn floor(&self) -> PhysPageNum {
+        PhysPageNum(self.0 / PAGE_SIZE)
+    }
+    pub fn ceil(&self) -> PhysPageNum {
+        PhysPageNum((self.0 - 1 + PAGE_SIZE) / PAGE_SIZE)
+    }
+    pub fn page_offset(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0 & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)
+    }
+    pub fn aligned(&self) -> bool {
+        self.page_offset() == 0
+    }
 }
 impl From<PhysAddr> for PhysPageNum {
     fn from(v: PhysAddr) -> Self {
@@ -100,7 +134,9 @@ impl From<PhysAddr> for PhysPageNum {
     }
 }
 impl From<PhysPageNum> for PhysAddr {
-    fn from(v: PhysPageNum) -> Self { Self(v.0 << PAGE_SIZE_BITS) }
+    fn from(v: PhysPageNum) -> Self {
+        Self(v.0 << PAGE_SIZE_BITS)
+    }
 }
 
 impl VirtPageNum {
@@ -118,21 +154,15 @@ impl VirtPageNum {
 impl PhysPageNum {
     pub fn get_pte_array(&self) -> &'static mut [PageTableEntry] {
         let pa: PhysAddr = self.clone().into();
-        unsafe {
-            core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(pa.0 as *mut PageTableEntry, 512)
-        }
+        unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(pa.0 as *mut PageTableEntry, 512) }
     }
     pub fn get_bytes_array(&self) -> &'static mut [u8] {
         let pa: PhysAddr = self.clone().into();
-        unsafe {
-            core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(pa.0 as *mut u8, 4096)
-        }
+        unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(pa.0 as *mut u8, 4096) }
     }
     pub fn get_mut<T>(&self) -> &'static mut T {
         let pa: PhysAddr = self.clone().into();
-        unsafe {
-            (pa.0 as *mut T).as_mut().unwrap()
-        }
+        unsafe { (pa.0 as *mut T).as_mut().unwrap() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -146,41 +176,57 @@ impl StepByOne for VirtPageNum {
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct SimpleRange<T> where
-    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug, {
+pub struct SimpleRange<T>
+where
+    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug,
+{
     l: T,
     r: T,
 }
-impl<T> SimpleRange<T> where
-    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug, {
+impl<T> SimpleRange<T>
+where
+    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug,
+{
     pub fn new(start: T, end: T) -> Self {
         assert!(start <= end, "start {:?} > end {:?}!", start, end);
         Self { l: start, r: end }
     }
-    pub fn get_start(&self) -> T { self.l }
-    pub fn get_end(&self) -> T { self.r }
+    pub fn get_start(&self) -> T {
+        self.l
+    }
+    pub fn get_end(&self) -> T {
+        self.r
+    }
 }
-impl<T> IntoIterator for SimpleRange<T> where
-    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug, {
+impl<T> IntoIterator for SimpleRange<T>
+where
+    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug,
+{
     type Item = T;
     type IntoIter = SimpleRangeIterator<T>;
     fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
         SimpleRangeIterator::new(self.l, self.r)
     }
 }
-pub struct SimpleRangeIterator<T> where
-    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug, {
+pub struct SimpleRangeIterator<T>
+where
+    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug,
+{
     current: T,
     end: T,
 }
-impl<T> SimpleRangeIterator<T> where
-    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug, {
+impl<T> SimpleRangeIterator<T>
+where
+    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug,
+{
     pub fn new(l: T, r: T) -> Self {
-        Self { current: l, end: r, }
+        Self { current: l, end: r }
     }
 }
-impl<T> Iterator for SimpleRangeIterator<T> where
-    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug, {
+impl<T> Iterator for SimpleRangeIterator<T>
+where
+    T: StepByOne + Copy + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Debug,
+{
     type Item = T;
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         if self.current == self.end {

os/src/mm/frame_allocator.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use super::{PhysAddr, PhysPageNum};
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use crate::sync::UPSafeCell;
 use crate::config::MEMORY_END;
-use lazy_static::*;
+use crate::sync::UPSafeCell;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use core::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
+use lazy_static::*;
 
 pub struct FrameTracker {
     pub ppn: PhysPageNum,
@@ -61,22 +61,17 @@ impl FrameAllocator for StackFrameAllocator {
     fn alloc(&mut self) -> Option<PhysPageNum> {
         if let Some(ppn) = self.recycled.pop() {
             Some(ppn.into())
+        } else if self.current == self.end {
+            None
         } else {
-            if self.current == self.end {
-                None
-            } else {
-                self.current += 1;
-                Some((self.current - 1).into())
-            }
+            self.current += 1;
+            Some((self.current - 1).into())
         }
     }
     fn dealloc(&mut self, ppn: PhysPageNum) {
         let ppn = ppn.0;
         // validity check
-        if ppn >= self.current || self.recycled
-            .iter()
-            .find(|&v| {*v == ppn})
-            .is_some() {
+        if ppn >= self.current || self.recycled.iter().find(|&v| *v == ppn).is_some() {
             panic!("Frame ppn={:#x} has not been allocated!", ppn);
         }
         // recycle
@@ -87,18 +82,18 @@ impl FrameAllocator for StackFrameAllocator {
 type FrameAllocatorImpl = StackFrameAllocator;
 
 lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref FRAME_ALLOCATOR: UPSafeCell<FrameAllocatorImpl> = unsafe {
-        UPSafeCell::new(FrameAllocatorImpl::new())
-    };
+    pub static ref FRAME_ALLOCATOR: UPSafeCell<FrameAllocatorImpl> =
+        unsafe { UPSafeCell::new(FrameAllocatorImpl::new()) };
 }
 
 pub fn init_frame_allocator() {
     extern "C" {
         fn ekernel();
     }
-    FRAME_ALLOCATOR
-        .exclusive_access()
-        .init(PhysAddr::from(ekernel as usize).ceil(), PhysAddr::from(MEMORY_END).floor());
+    FRAME_ALLOCATOR.exclusive_access().init(
+        PhysAddr::from(ekernel as usize).ceil(),
+        PhysAddr::from(MEMORY_END).floor(),
+    );
 }
 
 pub fn frame_alloc() -> Option<FrameTracker> {
@@ -109,9 +104,7 @@ pub fn frame_alloc() -> Option<FrameTracker> {
 }
 
 fn frame_dealloc(ppn: PhysPageNum) {
-    FRAME_ALLOCATOR
-        .exclusive_access()
-        .dealloc(ppn);
+    FRAME_ALLOCATOR.exclusive_access().dealloc(ppn);
 }
 
 #[allow(unused)]
@@ -130,4 +123,4 @@ pub fn frame_allocator_test() {
     }
     drop(v);
     println!("frame_allocator_test passed!");
-}
+}

os/src/mm/heap_allocator.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;
 use crate::config::KERNEL_HEAP_SIZE;
+use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;
 
 #[global_allocator]
 static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap = LockedHeap::empty();

os/src/mm/memory_set.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,15 @@
-use super::{PageTable, PageTableEntry, PTEFlags};
-use super::{VirtPageNum, VirtAddr, PhysPageNum, PhysAddr};
-use super::{FrameTracker, frame_alloc};
-use super::{VPNRange, StepByOne};
+use super::{frame_alloc, FrameTracker};
+use super::{PTEFlags, PageTable, PageTableEntry};
+use super::{PhysAddr, PhysPageNum, VirtAddr, VirtPageNum};
+use super::{StepByOne, VPNRange};
+use crate::config::{MEMORY_END, PAGE_SIZE, TRAMPOLINE, TRAP_CONTEXT, USER_STACK_SIZE};
+use crate::sync::UPSafeCell;
 use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use riscv::register::satp;
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
-use lazy_static::*;
-use crate::sync::UPSafeCell;
-use crate::config::{
-    MEMORY_END,
-    PAGE_SIZE,
-    TRAMPOLINE,
-    TRAP_CONTEXT,
-    USER_STACK_SIZE
-};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use core::arch::asm;
+use lazy_static::*;
+use riscv::register::satp;
 
 extern "C" {
     fn stext();
@@ -31,9 +25,8 @@ extern "C" {
 }
 
 lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref KERNEL_SPACE: Arc<UPSafeCell<MemorySet>> = Arc::new(unsafe {
-        UPSafeCell::new(MemorySet::new_kernel()
-    )});
+    pub static ref KERNEL_SPACE: Arc<UPSafeCell<MemorySet>> =
+        Arc::new(unsafe { UPSafeCell::new(MemorySet::new_kernel()) });
 }
 
 pub struct MemorySet {
@@ -52,13 +45,16 @@ impl MemorySet {
         self.page_table.token()
     }
     /// Assume that no conflicts.
-    pub fn insert_framed_area(&mut self, start_va: VirtAddr, end_va: VirtAddr, permission: MapPermission) {
-        self.push(MapArea::new(
-            start_va,
-            end_va,
-            MapType::Framed,
-            permission,
-        ), None);
+    pub fn insert_framed_area(
+        &mut self,
+        start_va: VirtAddr,
+        end_va: VirtAddr,
+        permission: MapPermission,
+    ) {
+        self.push(
+            MapArea::new(start_va, end_va, MapType::Framed, permission),
+            None,
+        );
     }
     fn push(&mut self, mut map_area: MapArea, data: Option<&[u8]>) {
         map_area.map(&mut self.page_table);
@@ -84,42 +80,60 @@ impl MemorySet {
         println!(".text [{:#x}, {:#x})", stext as usize, etext as usize);
         println!(".rodata [{:#x}, {:#x})", srodata as usize, erodata as usize);
         println!(".data [{:#x}, {:#x})", sdata as usize, edata as usize);
-        println!(".bss [{:#x}, {:#x})", sbss_with_stack as usize, ebss as usize);
+        println!(
+            ".bss [{:#x}, {:#x})",
+            sbss_with_stack as usize, ebss as usize
+        );
         println!("mapping .text section");
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            (stext as usize).into(),
-            (etext as usize).into(),
-            MapType::Identical,
-            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::X,
-        ), None);
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                (stext as usize).into(),
+                (etext as usize).into(),
+                MapType::Identical,
+                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::X,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
         println!("mapping .rodata section");
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            (srodata as usize).into(),
-            (erodata as usize).into(),
-            MapType::Identical,
-            MapPermission::R,
-        ), None);
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                (srodata as usize).into(),
+                (erodata as usize).into(),
+                MapType::Identical,
+                MapPermission::R,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
         println!("mapping .data section");
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            (sdata as usize).into(),
-            (edata as usize).into(),
-            MapType::Identical,
-            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
-        ), None);
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                (sdata as usize).into(),
+                (edata as usize).into(),
+                MapType::Identical,
+                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
         println!("mapping .bss section");
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            (sbss_with_stack as usize).into(),
-            (ebss as usize).into(),
-            MapType::Identical,
-            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
-        ), None);
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                (sbss_with_stack as usize).into(),
+                (ebss as usize).into(),
+                MapType::Identical,
+                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
         println!("mapping physical memory");
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            (ekernel as usize).into(),
-            MEMORY_END.into(),
-            MapType::Identical,
-            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
-        ), None);
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                (ekernel as usize).into(),
+                MEMORY_END.into(),
+                MapType::Identical,
+                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
         memory_set
     }
     /// Include sections in elf and trampoline and TrapContext and user stack,
@@ -142,19 +156,20 @@ impl MemorySet {
                 let end_va: VirtAddr = ((ph.virtual_addr() + ph.mem_size()) as usize).into();
                 let mut map_perm = MapPermission::U;
                 let ph_flags = ph.flags();
-                if ph_flags.is_read() { map_perm |= MapPermission::R; }
-                if ph_flags.is_write() { map_perm |= MapPermission::W; }
-                if ph_flags.is_execute() { map_perm |= MapPermission::X; }
-                let map_area = MapArea::new(
-                    start_va,
-                    end_va,
-                    MapType::Framed,
-                    map_perm,
-                );
+                if ph_flags.is_read() {
+                    map_perm |= MapPermission::R;
+                }
+                if ph_flags.is_write() {
+                    map_perm |= MapPermission::W;
+                }
+                if ph_flags.is_execute() {
+                    map_perm |= MapPermission::X;
+                }
+                let map_area = MapArea::new(start_va, end_va, MapType::Framed, map_perm);
                 max_end_vpn = map_area.vpn_range.get_end();
                 memory_set.push(
                     map_area,
-                    Some(&elf.input[ph.offset() as usize..(ph.offset() + ph.file_size()) as usize])
+                    Some(&elf.input[ph.offset() as usize..(ph.offset() + ph.file_size()) as usize]),
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -164,20 +179,30 @@ impl MemorySet {
         // guard page
         user_stack_bottom += PAGE_SIZE;
         let user_stack_top = user_stack_bottom + USER_STACK_SIZE;
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            user_stack_bottom.into(),
-            user_stack_top.into(),
-            MapType::Framed,
-            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W | MapPermission::U,
-        ), None);
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                user_stack_bottom.into(),
+                user_stack_top.into(),
+                MapType::Framed,
+                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W | MapPermission::U,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
         // map TrapContext
-        memory_set.push(MapArea::new(
-            TRAP_CONTEXT.into(),
-            TRAMPOLINE.into(),
-            MapType::Framed,
-            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
-        ), None);
-        (memory_set, user_stack_top, elf.header.pt2.entry_point() as usize)
+        memory_set.push(
+            MapArea::new(
+                TRAP_CONTEXT.into(),
+                TRAMPOLINE.into(),
+                MapType::Framed,
+                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
+        (
+            memory_set,
+            user_stack_top,
+            elf.header.pt2.entry_point() as usize,
+        )
     }
     pub fn activate(&self) {
         let satp = self.page_table.token();
@@ -203,7 +228,7 @@ impl MapArea {
         start_va: VirtAddr,
         end_va: VirtAddr,
         map_type: MapType,
-        map_perm: MapPermission
+        map_perm: MapPermission,
     ) -> Self {
         let start_vpn: VirtPageNum = start_va.floor();
         let end_vpn: VirtPageNum = end_va.ceil();
@@ -296,15 +321,27 @@ pub fn remap_test() {
     let mid_rodata: VirtAddr = ((srodata as usize + erodata as usize) / 2).into();
     let mid_data: VirtAddr = ((sdata as usize + edata as usize) / 2).into();
     assert_eq!(
-        kernel_space.page_table.translate(mid_text.floor()).unwrap().writable(),
+        kernel_space
+            .page_table
+            .translate(mid_text.floor())
+            .unwrap()
+            .writable(),
         false
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        kernel_space.page_table.translate(mid_rodata.floor()).unwrap().writable(),
+        kernel_space
+            .page_table
+            .translate(mid_rodata.floor())
+            .unwrap()
+            .writable(),
         false,
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        kernel_space.page_table.translate(mid_data.floor()).unwrap().executable(),
+        kernel_space
+            .page_table
+            .translate(mid_data.floor())
+            .unwrap()
+            .executable(),
         false,
     );
     println!("remap_test passed!");

os/src/mm/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-mod heap_allocator;
 mod address;
 mod frame_allocator;
-mod page_table;
+mod heap_allocator;
 mod memory_set;
+mod page_table;
 
-use page_table::{PageTable, PTEFlags};
-use address::{VPNRange, StepByOne};
-pub use address::{PhysAddr, VirtAddr, PhysPageNum, VirtPageNum};
-pub use frame_allocator::{FrameTracker, frame_alloc};
-pub use page_table::{PageTableEntry, translated_byte_buffer};
-pub use memory_set::{MemorySet, KERNEL_SPACE, MapPermission};
+pub use address::{PhysAddr, PhysPageNum, VirtAddr, VirtPageNum};
+use address::{StepByOne, VPNRange};
+pub use frame_allocator::{frame_alloc, FrameTracker};
 pub use memory_set::remap_test;
+pub use memory_set::{MapPermission, MemorySet, KERNEL_SPACE};
+pub use page_table::{translated_byte_buffer, PageTableEntry};
+use page_table::{PTEFlags, PageTable};
 
 pub fn init() {
     heap_allocator::init_heap();

os/src/mm/page_table.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use super::{frame_alloc, PhysPageNum, FrameTracker, VirtPageNum, VirtAddr, StepByOne};
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use super::{frame_alloc, FrameTracker, PhysPageNum, StepByOne, VirtAddr, VirtPageNum};
 use alloc::vec;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use bitflags::*;
 
 bitflags! {
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ impl PageTableEntry {
         }
     }
     pub fn empty() -> Self {
-        PageTableEntry {
-            bits: 0,
-        }
+        PageTableEntry { bits: 0 }
     }
     pub fn ppn(&self) -> PhysPageNum {
         (self.bits >> 10 & ((1usize << 44) - 1)).into()
@@ -123,8 +121,7 @@ impl PageTable {
         *pte = PageTableEntry::empty();
     }
     pub fn translate(&self, vpn: VirtPageNum) -> Option<PageTableEntry> {
-        self.find_pte(vpn)
-            .map(|pte| {pte.clone()})
+        self.find_pte(vpn).map(|pte| pte.clone())
     }
     pub fn token(&self) -> usize {
         8usize << 60 | self.root_ppn.0
@@ -139,10 +136,7 @@ pub fn translated_byte_buffer(token: usize, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> Vec<&
     while start < end {
         let start_va = VirtAddr::from(start);
         let mut vpn = start_va.floor();
-        let ppn = page_table
-            .translate(vpn)
-            .unwrap()
-            .ppn();
+        let ppn = page_table.translate(vpn).unwrap().ppn();
         vpn.step();
         let mut end_va: VirtAddr = vpn.into();
         end_va = end_va.min(VirtAddr::from(end));

os/src/sbi.rs

@@ -43,4 +43,3 @@ pub fn shutdown() -> ! {
     sbi_call(SBI_SHUTDOWN, 0, 0, 0);
     panic!("It should shutdown!");
 }
-

os/src/sync/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 mod up;
 
-pub use up::UPSafeCell;
+pub use up::UPSafeCell;

os/src/sync/up.rs

@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ impl<T> UPSafeCell<T> {
     /// User is responsible to guarantee that inner struct is only used in
     /// uniprocessor.
     pub unsafe fn new(value: T) -> Self {
-        Self { inner: RefCell::new(value) }
+        Self {
+            inner: RefCell::new(value),
+        }
     }
     /// Panic if the data has been borrowed.
     pub fn exclusive_access(&self) -> RefMut<'_, T> {
         self.inner.borrow_mut()
     }
-}
+}

os/src/syscall/fs.rs

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ pub fn sys_write(fd: usize, buf: *const u8, len: usize) -> isize {
                 print!("{}", core::str::from_utf8(buffer).unwrap());
             }
             len as isize
-        },
+        }
         _ => {
             panic!("Unsupported fd in sys_write!");
         }
     }
-}
+}

os/src/syscall/mod.rs

@@ -18,4 +18,3 @@ pub fn syscall(syscall_id: usize, args: [usize; 3]) -> isize {
         _ => panic!("Unsupported syscall_id: {}", syscall_id),
     }
 }
-

os/src/syscall/process.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use crate::task::{
-    suspend_current_and_run_next,
-    exit_current_and_run_next,
-};
+use crate::task::{exit_current_and_run_next, suspend_current_and_run_next};
 use crate::timer::get_time_ms;
 
 pub fn sys_exit(exit_code: i32) -> ! {
@@ -17,4 +14,4 @@ pub fn sys_yield() -> isize {
 
 pub fn sys_get_time() -> isize {
     get_time_ms() as isize
-}
+}

os/src/task/context.rs

@@ -23,4 +23,3 @@ impl TaskContext {
         }
     }
 }
-

os/src/task/mod.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ mod context;
 mod switch;
 mod task;
 
-use crate::loader::{get_num_app, get_app_data};
-use crate::trap::TrapContext;
+use crate::loader::{get_app_data, get_num_app};
 use crate::sync::UPSafeCell;
+use crate::trap::TrapContext;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use lazy_static::*;
 use switch::__switch;
 use task::{TaskControlBlock, TaskStatus};
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
 pub use context::TaskContext;
 
@@ -29,17 +29,16 @@ lazy_static! {
         println!("num_app = {}", num_app);
         let mut tasks: Vec<TaskControlBlock> = Vec::new();
         for i in 0..num_app {
-            tasks.push(TaskControlBlock::new(
-                get_app_data(i),
-                i,
-            ));
+            tasks.push(TaskControlBlock::new(get_app_data(i), i));
         }
         TaskManager {
             num_app,
-            inner: unsafe { UPSafeCell::new(TaskManagerInner {
-                tasks,
-                current_task: 0,
-            })},
+            inner: unsafe {
+                UPSafeCell::new(TaskManagerInner {
+                    tasks,
+                    current_task: 0,
+                })
+            },
         }
     };
 }
@@ -54,10 +53,7 @@ impl TaskManager {
         let mut _unused = TaskContext::zero_init();
         // before this, we should drop local variables that must be dropped manually
         unsafe {
-            __switch(
-                &mut _unused as *mut _,
-                next_task_cx_ptr,
-            );
+            __switch(&mut _unused as *mut _, next_task_cx_ptr);
         }
         panic!("unreachable in run_first_task!");
     }
@@ -79,9 +75,7 @@ impl TaskManager {
         let current = inner.current_task;
         (current + 1..current + self.num_app + 1)
             .map(|id| id % self.num_app)
-            .find(|id| {
-                inner.tasks[*id].task_status == TaskStatus::Ready
-            })
+            .find(|id| inner.tasks[*id].task_status == TaskStatus::Ready)
     }
 
     fn get_current_token(&self) -> usize {
@@ -105,10 +99,7 @@ impl TaskManager {
             drop(inner);
             // before this, we should drop local variables that must be dropped manually
             unsafe {
-                __switch(
-                    current_task_cx_ptr,
-                    next_task_cx_ptr,
-                );
+                __switch(current_task_cx_ptr, next_task_cx_ptr);
             }
             // go back to user mode
         } else {
@@ -149,4 +140,4 @@ pub fn current_user_token() -> usize {
 
 pub fn current_trap_cx() -> &'static mut TrapContext {
     TASK_MANAGER.get_current_trap_cx()
-}
+}

os/src/task/switch.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,5 @@ use core::arch::global_asm;
 global_asm!(include_str!("switch.S"));
 
 extern "C" {
-    pub fn __switch(
-        current_task_cx_ptr: *mut TaskContext,
-        next_task_cx_ptr: *const TaskContext
-    );
+    pub fn __switch(current_task_cx_ptr: *mut TaskContext, next_task_cx_ptr: *const TaskContext);
 }

os/src/task/task.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use crate::mm::{MemorySet, MapPermission, PhysPageNum, KERNEL_SPACE, VirtAddr};
-use crate::trap::{TrapContext, trap_handler};
-use crate::config::{TRAP_CONTEXT, kernel_stack_position};
 use super::TaskContext;
+use crate::config::{kernel_stack_position, TRAP_CONTEXT};
+use crate::mm::{MapPermission, MemorySet, PhysPageNum, VirtAddr, KERNEL_SPACE};
+use crate::trap::{trap_handler, TrapContext};
 
 pub struct TaskControlBlock {
     pub task_status: TaskStatus,
@@ -28,13 +28,11 @@ impl TaskControlBlock {
         let task_status = TaskStatus::Ready;
         // map a kernel-stack in kernel space
         let (kernel_stack_bottom, kernel_stack_top) = kernel_stack_position(app_id);
-        KERNEL_SPACE
-            .exclusive_access()
-            .insert_framed_area(
-                kernel_stack_bottom.into(),
-                kernel_stack_top.into(),
-                MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
-            );
+        KERNEL_SPACE.exclusive_access().insert_framed_area(
+            kernel_stack_bottom.into(),
+            kernel_stack_top.into(),
+            MapPermission::R | MapPermission::W,
+        );
         let task_control_block = Self {
             task_status,
             task_cx: TaskContext::goto_trap_return(kernel_stack_top),
@@ -60,4 +58,4 @@ pub enum TaskStatus {
     Ready,
     Running,
     Exited,
-}
+}

os/src/timer.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use riscv::register::time;
-use crate::sbi::set_timer;
 use crate::config::CLOCK_FREQ;
+use crate::sbi::set_timer;
+use riscv::register::time;
 
 const TICKS_PER_SEC: usize = 100;
 const MSEC_PER_SEC: usize = 1000;
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ pub fn get_time_ms() -> usize {
 
 pub fn set_next_trigger() {
     set_timer(get_time() + CLOCK_FREQ / TICKS_PER_SEC);
-}
+}

os/src/trap/context.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use riscv::register::sstatus::{Sstatus, self, SPP};
+use riscv::register::sstatus::{self, Sstatus, SPP};
 
 #[repr(C)]
 pub struct TrapContext {
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ pub struct TrapContext {
 }
 
 impl TrapContext {
-    pub fn set_sp(&mut self, sp: usize) { self.x[2] = sp; }
+    pub fn set_sp(&mut self, sp: usize) {
+        self.x[2] = sp;
+    }
     pub fn app_init_context(
         entry: usize,
         sp: usize,

os/src/trap/mod.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,17 @@
 mod context;
 
-use riscv::register::{
-    mtvec::TrapMode,
-    stvec,
-    scause::{
-        self,
-        Trap,
-        Exception,
-        Interrupt,
-    },
-    stval,
-    sie,
-};
+use crate::config::{TRAMPOLINE, TRAP_CONTEXT};
 use crate::syscall::syscall;
 use crate::task::{
-    exit_current_and_run_next,
-    suspend_current_and_run_next,
-    current_user_token,
-    current_trap_cx,
+    current_trap_cx, current_user_token, exit_current_and_run_next, suspend_current_and_run_next,
 };
 use crate::timer::set_next_trigger;
-use crate::config::{TRAP_CONTEXT, TRAMPOLINE};
-use core::arch::{global_asm, asm};
+use core::arch::{asm, global_asm};
+use riscv::register::{
+    mtvec::TrapMode,
+    scause::{self, Exception, Interrupt, Trap},
+    sie, stval, stvec,
+};
 
 global_asm!(include_str!("trap.S"));
 
@@ -42,7 +32,9 @@ fn set_user_trap_entry() {
 }
 
 pub fn enable_timer_interrupt() {
-    unsafe { sie::set_stimer(); }
+    unsafe {
+        sie::set_stimer();
+    }
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -56,8 +48,7 @@ pub fn trap_handler() -> ! {
             cx.sepc += 4;
             cx.x[10] = syscall(cx.x[17], [cx.x[10], cx.x[11], cx.x[12]]) as usize;
         }
-        Trap::Exception(Exception::StoreFault) |
-        Trap::Exception(Exception::StorePageFault) => {
+        Trap::Exception(Exception::StoreFault) | Trap::Exception(Exception::StorePageFault) => {
             println!("[kernel] PageFault in application, bad addr = {:#x}, bad instruction = {:#x}, kernel killed it.", stval, cx.sepc);
             exit_current_and_run_next();
         }
@@ -70,7 +61,11 @@ pub fn trap_handler() -> ! {
             suspend_current_and_run_next();
         }
         _ => {
-            panic!("Unsupported trap {:?}, stval = {:#x}!", scause.cause(), stval);
+            panic!(
+                "Unsupported trap {:?}, stval = {:#x}!",
+                scause.cause(),
+                stval
+            );
         }
     }
     trap_return();
@@ -103,4 +98,4 @@ pub fn trap_from_kernel() -> ! {
     panic!("a trap from kernel!");
 }
 
-pub use context::{TrapContext};
+pub use context::TrapContext;

user/src/bin/00power_3.rs

@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ unsafe fn main() -> i32 {
     println!("{}^{} = {}(MOD {})", p, iter, S[cur], m);
     println!("Test power_3 OK!");
     0
-}
+}

user/src/bin/03sleep.rs

@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ fn main() -> i32 {
     }
     println!("Test sleep OK!");
     0
-}
+}

user/src/console.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use core::fmt::{self, Write};
 use super::write;
+use core::fmt::{self, Write};
 
 struct Stdout;
 
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ macro_rules! println {
     ($fmt: literal $(, $($arg: tt)+)?) => {
         $crate::console::print(format_args!(concat!($fmt, "\n") $(, $($arg)+)?));
     }
-}
+}

user/src/lang_items.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@
 fn panic_handler(panic_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
     let err = panic_info.message().unwrap();
     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
-        println!("Panicked at {}:{}, {}", location.file(), location.line(), err);
+        println!(
+            "Panicked at {}:{}, {}",
+            location.file(),
+            location.line(),
+            err
+        );
     } else {
         println!("Panicked: {}", err);
     }
     loop {}
-}
+}

user/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod console;
-mod syscall;
 mod lang_items;
+mod syscall;
 
 #[no_mangle]
 #[link_section = ".text.entry"]
@@ -20,10 +20,17 @@ fn main() -> i32 {
     panic!("Cannot find main!");
 }
 
-
 use syscall::*;
 
-pub fn write(fd: usize, buf: &[u8]) -> isize { sys_write(fd, buf) }
-pub fn exit(exit_code: i32) -> isize { sys_exit(exit_code) }
-pub fn yield_() -> isize { sys_yield() }
-pub fn get_time() -> isize { sys_get_time() }
+pub fn write(fd: usize, buf: &[u8]) -> isize {
+    sys_write(fd, buf)
+}
+pub fn exit(exit_code: i32) -> isize {
+    sys_exit(exit_code)
+}
+pub fn yield_() -> isize {
+    sys_yield()
+}
+pub fn get_time() -> isize {
+    sys_get_time()
+}