riscv-pke/kernel/process.c

/*
 * Utility functions for process management. 
 *
 * Note: in Lab1, only one process (i.e., our user application) exists. Therefore, 
 * PKE OS at this stage will set "current" to the loaded user application, and also
 * switch to the old "current" process after trap handling.
 */

#include "riscv.h"
#include "strap.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "process.h"
#include "elf.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "vmm.h"
#include "pmm.h"
#include "memlayout.h"
#include "spike_interface/spike_utils.h"

//Two functions defined in kernel/usertrap.S
extern char smode_trap_vector[];
extern void return_to_user(trapframe *, uint64 satp);

// current points to the currently running user-mode application.
process* current = NULL;

//
// switch to a user-mode process
//
void switch_to(process* proc) {
  assert(proc);
  current = proc;

  // write the smode_trap_vector (64-bit func. address) defined in kernel/strap_vector.S
  // to the stvec privilege register, such that trap handler pointed by smode_trap_vector
  // will be triggered when an interrupt occurs in S mode.
  write_csr(stvec, (uint64)smode_trap_vector);

  // set up trapframe values (in process structure) that smode_trap_vector will need when
  // the process next re-enters the kernel.
  proc->trapframe->kernel_sp = proc->kstack;      // process's kernel stack
  proc->trapframe->kernel_satp = read_csr(satp);  // kernel page table
  proc->trapframe->kernel_trap = (uint64)smode_trap_handler;

  // SSTATUS_SPP and SSTATUS_SPIE are defined in kernel/riscv.h
  // set S Previous Privilege mode (the SSTATUS_SPP bit in sstatus register) to User mode.
  unsigned long x = read_csr(sstatus);
  x &= ~SSTATUS_SPP;  // clear SPP to 0 for user mode
  x |= SSTATUS_SPIE;  // enable interrupts in user mode

  // write x back to 'sstatus' register to enable interrupts, and sret destination mode.
  write_csr(sstatus, x);

  // set S Exception Program Counter (sepc register) to the elf entry pc.
  write_csr(sepc, proc->trapframe->epc);

  // make user page table. macro MAKE_SATP is defined in kernel/riscv.h. added @lab2_1
  uint64 user_satp = MAKE_SATP(proc->pagetable);

  // return_to_user() is defined in kernel/strap_vector.S. switch to user mode with sret.
  // note, return_to_user takes two parameters @ and after lab2_1.
  return_to_user(proc->trapframe, user_satp);
}