diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 53075fa..8bf0773 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -73,4 +73,5 @@ test/test_result/
 # mxr
 # =========================
 result.txt
-build.sh
\ No newline at end of file
+build.sh
+gdb.sh
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ir/Type.cpp b/src/ir/Type.cpp
index 792ff54..f53e6ec 100644
--- a/src/ir/Type.cpp
+++ b/src/ir/Type.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ size_t Type::Size() const {
         case Kind::PtrInt32: return 8;         // 假设 64 位指针
         case Kind::PtrFloat: return 8;
         case Kind::Label:   return 8;          // 标签地址大小（指针大小）
+        case Kind::PtrInt1: return 8;         // 指向 i1 的指针大小
         default:            return 0;          // 派生类应重写
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp b/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp
index eaee05b..4a35a81 100644
--- a/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp
+++ b/src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 namespace mir {
 namespace {
 
+static void PrintLoadImm64(std::ostream& os, PhysReg reg, uint64_t imm);
+
 const FrameSlot& GetFrameSlot(const MachineFunction& function,
                               const Operand& operand) {
   if (operand.GetKind() != Operand::Kind::FrameIndex) {
@@ -25,58 +27,33 @@ const FrameSlot& GetFrameSlot(const MachineFunction& function,
   return function.GetFrameSlot(operand.GetFrameIndex());
 }
 
-/*void PrintStackAccess(std::ostream& os, const char* mnemonic, PhysReg reg,
-                      int offset) {
-  // 使用 sp 相对寻址
-  os << "  " << mnemonic << " " << PhysRegName(reg) << ", [sp, #" << offset << "]\n";
-}*/
-
 void PrintStackAccess(std::ostream& os, const char* insn, PhysReg reg, int64_t offset) {
-  // 合法范围：-256 到 255
+  // offset 通常是负数，例如 -8, -24, -40 等
   if (offset >= -256 && offset <= 255) {
-    os << "  " << insn << " " << PhysRegName(reg) << ", [sp, #" << offset << "]\n";
+    os << "  " << insn << " " << PhysRegName(reg) << ", [x29, #" << offset << "]\n";
     return;
   }
 
-  // 大偏移：使用 x16 计算地址
-  os << "  mov x16, sp"<< "\n";
+  // 大偏移量：用 x16 计算 x29 + offset，然后间接访问
+  os << "  mov x16, x29\n";
 
-  // 处理正偏移
-  if (offset >= 0) {
-    // AArch64 add immediate 范围 0~4095，超过则需要分解
-    if (offset <= 4095) {
+  int64_t abs_offset = (offset >= 0) ? offset : -offset;
+  if (abs_offset <= 4095) {
+    if (offset >= 0) {
       os << "  add x16, x16, #" << offset << "\n";
     } else {
-      // 简单分解：高部分必须是 4096 的倍数？这里为了通用，分两次加
-      // 更严谨的做法是循环，但栈帧一般不超过 8192，两次足够
-      int64_t low = offset & 0xFFF;        // 低12位
-      int64_t high = offset - low;
-      if (high > 0) {
-        os << "  add x16, x16, #" << high << "\n";
-      }
-      if (low > 0) {
-        os << "  add x16, x16, #" << low << "\n";
-      }
-    }
-  } 
-  // 处理负偏移
-  else {
-    int64_t abs_offset = -offset;
-    if (abs_offset <= 4095) {
       os << "  sub x16, x16, #" << abs_offset << "\n";
+    }
+  } else {
+    // 分解大偏移量
+    PrintLoadImm64(os, PhysReg::X17, abs_offset);
+    if (offset >= 0) {
+      os << "  add x16, x16, x17\n";
     } else {
-      int64_t low = abs_offset & 0xFFF;
-      int64_t high = abs_offset - low;
-      if (high > 0) {
-        os << "  sub x16, x16, #" << high << "\n";
-      }
-      if (low > 0) {
-        os << "  sub x16, x16, #" << low << "\n";
-      }
+      os << "  sub x16, x16, x17\n";
     }
   }
 
-  // 最后使用无偏移的 ldr/str（注意不是 ldur/stur）
   os << "  " << insn << " " << PhysRegName(reg) << ", [x16]\n";
 }
 
@@ -367,16 +344,15 @@ void PrintInstruction(std::ostream& os, const MachineInstr& instr,
       break;
     case Opcode::LoadStackAddr: {
         const FrameSlot& slot = GetFrameSlot(function, ops.at(1));
-        int64_t offset = slot.offset;          // 偏移可能为正或负
+        int64_t offset = slot.offset;          // 负值，如 -8
         PhysReg dst = ops.at(0).GetReg();
 
-        // 尝试生成简单的 add/sub 立即数指令
         auto tryEmitSimple = [&]() -> bool {
             if (offset >= 0 && offset <= 4095) {
-                os << "  add " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", sp, #" << offset << "\n";
+                os << "  add " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", x29, #" << offset << "\n";
                 return true;
             } else if (offset < 0 && offset >= -4095) {
-                os << "  sub " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", sp, #" << (-offset) << "\n";
+                os << "  sub " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", x29, #" << (-offset) << "\n";
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
@@ -384,13 +360,13 @@ void PrintInstruction(std::ostream& os, const MachineInstr& instr,
 
         if (tryEmitSimple()) break;
 
-        // 复杂情况：偏移绝对值 > 4095，使用 x16 临时寄存器
+        // 复杂偏移
         uint64_t absOffset = (offset >= 0) ? offset : -offset;
         PrintLoadImm64(os, PhysReg::X16, absOffset);
         if (offset >= 0) {
-            os << "  add " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", sp, x16\n";
+            os << "  add " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", x29, x16\n";
         } else {
-            os << "  sub " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", sp, x16\n";
+            os << "  sub " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", x29, x16\n";
         }
         break;
     }
diff --git a/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp b/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp
index 7fb71a2..86cd502 100644
--- a/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp
+++ b/src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp
@@ -26,16 +26,6 @@ int AlignTo(int value, int align) {
 void RunFrameLowering(MachineFunction& function) {
   DEBUG_MSG("function RunFrameLowering");
   int cursor = 0;
-  for (const auto& slot : function.GetFrameSlots()) {
-    //cursor += slot.size;
-    // 使用正偏移，从 sp 开始
-    function.GetFrameSlot(slot.index).offset = cursor;
-    cursor += slot.size;
-    /*if (-cursor < -256) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持过大的栈帧"));
-    }*/
-  }
-  cursor = 0;
   for (const auto& slot : function.GetFrameSlots()) {
     cursor += slot.size;
     function.GetFrameSlot(slot.index).offset = -cursor;