#include <stdio.h>

int getint() {
	int v = 0;
	if (scanf("%d", &v) != 1) return 0;
	return v;
}

int getch() { return getchar(); }

int getarray(int a[]) {
	int n = 0;
	if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1) return 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		scanf("%d", &a[i]);
	}
	return n;
}

void putint(int x) { printf("%d", x); }

void putch(int x) { putchar(x); }

void putarray(int n, int a[]) {
	printf("%d:", n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		printf(" %d", a[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

float getfloat() {
	float v = 0.0f;
	if (scanf("%f", &v) != 1) return 0.0f;
	return v;
}

int getfarray(float a[]) {
	int n = 0;
	if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1) return 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		scanf("%f", &a[i]);
	}
	return n;
}

void putfloat(float x) { printf("%a", x); }

void putfarray(int n, float a[]) {
	printf("%d:", n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		printf(" %a", a[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

// Performance timing hooks (no-op stubs for correctness testing).
void starttime() {}

void stoptime() {}