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300 lines
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2 years ago
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<main>
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<h1 id="日志"><a class="header" href="#日志">日志</a></h1>
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<h2 id="log-包"><a class="header" href="#log-包">log 包</a></h2>
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<p><a href="https://docs.rs/crate/log/0.4.16">log</a> 提供了日志相关的实用工具。</p>
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<h3 id="在控制台打印-debug-信息"><a class="header" href="#在控制台打印-debug-信息">在控制台打印 debug 信息</a></h3>
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<p><code>env_logger</code> 通过环境变量来配置日志。<a href="https://docs.rs/log/0.4.16/log/macro.debug.html">log::debug!</a> 使用起来跟 <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/">std::fmt</a> 中的格式化字符串很像。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">fn execute_query(query: &str) {
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log::debug!("Executing query: {}", query);
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}
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fn main() {
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env_logger::init();
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execute_query("DROP TABLE students");
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
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<p>如果大家运行代码，会发现没有任何日志输出，原因是默认的日志级别是 <code>error</code>，因此我们需要通过 <code>RUST_LOG</code> 环境变量来设置下新的日志级别：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ RUST_LOG=debug cargo run
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</code></pre>
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<p>然后你将成功看到以下输出:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">DEBUG:main: Executing query: DROP TABLE students
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="将错误日志输出到控制台"><a class="header" href="#将错误日志输出到控制台">将错误日志输出到控制台</a></h3>
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<p>下面我们通过 <a href="https://docs.rs/log/0.4.16/log/macro.error.html">log::error!</a> 将错误日志输出到标准错误 <code>stderr</code>。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">fn execute_query(_query: &str) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
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Err("I'm afraid I can't do that")
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}
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fn main() {
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env_logger::init();
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let response = execute_query("DROP TABLE students");
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if let Err(err) = response {
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log::error!("Failed to execute query: {}", err);
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}
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
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<h3 id="将错误输出到标准输出-stdout"><a class="header" href="#将错误输出到标准输出-stdout">将错误输出到标准输出 stdout</a></h3>
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<p>默认的错误会输出到标准错误输出 <code>stderr</code>，下面我们通过自定的配置来让错误输出到标准输出 <code>stdout</code>。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use env_logger::{Builder, Target};
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fn main() {
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Builder::new()
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.target(Target::Stdout)
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.init();
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log::error!("This error has been printed to Stdout");
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
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<h3 id="使用自定义-logger"><a class="header" href="#使用自定义-logger">使用自定义 logger</a></h3>
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<p>下面的代码将实现一个自定义 logger <code>ConsoleLogger</code>，输出到标准输出 <code>stdout</code>。为了使用日志宏，<code>ConsoleLogger</code> 需要实现 <a href="https://docs.rs/log/*/log/trait.Log.html">log::Log</a> 特征，然后使用 <a href="https://docs.rs/log/*/log/fn.set_logger.html">log::set_logger</a> 来安装使用。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use log::{Record, Level, Metadata, LevelFilter, SetLoggerError};
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static CONSOLE_LOGGER: ConsoleLogger = ConsoleLogger;
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struct ConsoleLogger;
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impl log::Log for ConsoleLogger {
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fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {
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metadata.level() <= Level::Info
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}
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fn log(&self, record: &Record) {
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if self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
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println!("Rust says: {} - {}", record.level(), record.args());
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}
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}
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fn flush(&self) {}
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}
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fn main() -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {
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log::set_logger(&CONSOLE_LOGGER)?;
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log::set_max_level(LevelFilter::Info);
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log::info!("hello log");
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log::warn!("warning");
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log::error!("oops");
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Ok(())
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
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<h3 id="输出到-unix-syslog"><a class="header" href="#输出到-unix-syslog">输出到 Unix syslog</a></h3>
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<p>下面的代码将使用 <a href="https://docs.rs/crate/syslog/6.0.1">syslog</a> 包将日志输出到 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Overview-of-Syslog.html">Unix Syslog</a>.</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
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#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
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use syslog::{Facility, Error};
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#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
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fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
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// 初始化 logger
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syslog::init(Facility::LOG_USER,
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log::LevelFilter::Debug,
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// 可选的应用名称
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Some("My app name"))?;
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log::debug!("this is a debug {}", "message");
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log::error!("this is an error!");
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Ok(())
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}
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#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
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fn main() {
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println!("So far, only Linux systems are supported.");
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre></pre>
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="tracing"><a class="header" href="#tracing">tracing</a></h2>
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