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<main>
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<h1 id="csv"><a class="header" href="#csv">CSV</a></h1>
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<h2 id="读取-csv-记录"><a class="header" href="#读取-csv-记录">读取 CSV 记录</a></h2>
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<p>我们可以将标准的 CSV 记录值读取到 <a href="https://docs.rs/csv/*/csv/struct.StringRecord.html">csv::StringRecord</a> 中，但是该数据结构期待合法的 UTF8 数据行，你还可以使用 <a href="https://docs.rs/csv/1.1.6/csv/struct.ByteRecord.html">csv::ByteRecord</a> 来读取非 UTF8 数据。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use csv::Error;
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fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
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let csv = "year,make,model,description
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1948,Porsche,356,Luxury sports car
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1967,Ford,Mustang fastback 1967,American car";
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let mut reader = csv::Reader::from_reader(csv.as_bytes());
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for record in reader.records() {
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let record = record?;
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println!(
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"In {}, {} built the {} model. It is a {}.",
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&record[0],
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&record[1],
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&record[2],
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&record[3]
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);
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
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<p>还可以使用 <a href="https://docs.rs/serde/1.0.136/serde/"><code>serde</code></a> 将数据反序列化成一个强类型的结构体。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use serde::Deserialize;
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#[derive(Deserialize)]
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struct Record {
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year: u16,
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make: String,
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model: String,
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description: String,
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}
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fn main() -> Result<(), csv::Error> {
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let csv = "year,make,model,description
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1948,Porsche,356,Luxury sports car
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1967,Ford,Mustang fastback 1967,American car";
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let mut reader = csv::Reader::from_reader(csv.as_bytes());
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for record in reader.deserialize() {
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let record: Record = record?;
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println!(
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"In {}, {} built the {} model. It is a {}.",
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record.year,
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record.make,
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record.model,
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record.description
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);
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
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<h3 id="读取使用了不同分隔符的-csv-记录"><a class="header" href="#读取使用了不同分隔符的-csv-记录">读取使用了不同分隔符的 CSV 记录</a></h3>
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<p>下面的例子将读取使用了 <code>tab</code> 作为分隔符的 CSV 记录。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use csv::Error;
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use serde::Deserialize;
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#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
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struct Record {
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name: String,
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place: String,
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#[serde(deserialize_with = "csv::invalid_option")]
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id: Option<u64>,
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}
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use csv::ReaderBuilder;
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|
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fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
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let data = "name\tplace\tid
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Mark\tMelbourne\t46
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Ashley\tZurich\t92";
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let mut reader = ReaderBuilder::new().delimiter(b'\t').from_reader(data.as_bytes());
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for result in reader.deserialize::<Record>() {
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println!("{:?}", result?);
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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</code></pre></pre>
|
||
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<h3 id="基于给定条件来过滤-csv-记录"><a class="header" href="#基于给定条件来过滤-csv-记录">基于给定条件来过滤 CSV 记录</a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use error_chain::error_chain;
|
||
|
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|
use std::io;
|
||
|
|
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||
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|
error_chain!{
|
||
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|
foreign_links {
|
||
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Io(std::io::Error);
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||
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CsvError(csv::Error);
|
||
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}
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}
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|
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|
fn main() -> Result<()> {
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let query = "CA";
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let data = "\
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City,State,Population,Latitude,Longitude
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||
|
|
Kenai,AK,7610,60.5544444,-151.2583333
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Oakman,AL,,33.7133333,-87.3886111
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||
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Sandfort,AL,,32.3380556,-85.2233333
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West Hollywood,CA,37031,34.0900000,-118.3608333";
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||
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let mut rdr = csv::ReaderBuilder::new().from_reader(data.as_bytes());
|
||
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let mut wtr = csv::Writer::from_writer(io::stdout());
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||
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wtr.write_record(rdr.headers()?)?;
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||
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for result in rdr.records() {
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||
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let record = result?;
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||
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|
if record.iter().any(|field| field == query) {
|
||
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|
wtr.write_record(&record)?;
|
||
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}
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||
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}
|
||
|
|
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||
|
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wtr.flush()?;
|
||
|
|
Ok(())
|
||
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|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre></pre>
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="序列化为-csv"><a class="header" href="#序列化为-csv">序列化为 CSV</a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>下面例子展示了如何将 Rust 类型序列化为 CSV。</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use std::io;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
fn main() -> Result<()> {
|
||
|
|
let mut wtr = csv::Writer::from_writer(io::stdout());
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wtr.write_record(&["Name", "Place", "ID"])?;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wtr.serialize(("Mark", "Sydney", 87))?;
|
||
|
|
wtr.serialize(("Ashley", "Dublin", 32))?;
|
||
|
|
wtr.serialize(("Akshat", "Delhi", 11))?;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wtr.flush()?;
|
||
|
|
Ok(())
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre></pre>
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="使用-serde-序列化为-csv"><a class="header" href="#使用-serde-序列化为-csv">使用 serde 序列化为 CSV</a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>下面例子将自定义数据结构通过 <code>serde</code> 序列化 CSV。</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use error_chain::error_chain;
|
||
|
|
use serde::Serialize;
|
||
|
|
use std::io;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
error_chain! {
|
||
|
|
foreign_links {
|
||
|
|
IOError(std::io::Error);
|
||
|
|
CSVError(csv::Error);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#[derive(Serialize)]
|
||
|
|
struct Record<'a> {
|
||
|
|
name: &'a str,
|
||
|
|
place: &'a str,
|
||
|
|
id: u64,
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
fn main() -> Result<()> {
|
||
|
|
let mut wtr = csv::Writer::from_writer(io::stdout());
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
let rec1 = Record { name: "Mark", place: "Melbourne", id: 56};
|
||
|
|
let rec2 = Record { name: "Ashley", place: "Sydney", id: 64};
|
||
|
|
let rec3 = Record { name: "Akshat", place: "Delhi", id: 98};
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wtr.serialize(rec1)?;
|
||
|
|
wtr.serialize(rec2)?;
|
||
|
|
wtr.serialize(rec3)?;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
wtr.flush()?;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Ok(())
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre></pre>
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="csv-列转换"><a class="header" href="#csv-列转换">CSV 列转换</a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>下面代码将包含有颜色名和十六进制颜色的 CSV 文件转换为包含颜色名和 rgb 颜色。这里使用 <code>csv</code> 包对 CSV 文件进行读写，然后用 <code>serde</code> 进行序列化和反序列化。</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021"><span class="boring">use error_chain::error_chain;
|
||
|
|
</span>use csv::{Reader, Writer};
|
||
|
|
use serde::{de, Deserialize, Deserializer};
|
||
|
|
use std::str::FromStr;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<span class="boring">error_chain! {
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> foreign_links {
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> CsvError(csv::Error);
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> ParseInt(std::num::ParseIntError);
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> CsvInnerError(csv::IntoInnerError<Writer<Vec<u8>>>);
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> IO(std::fmt::Error);
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> UTF8(std::string::FromUtf8Error);
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> }
|
||
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}
|
||
|
|
</span>
|
||
|
|
#[derive(Debug)]
|
||
|
|
struct HexColor {
|
||
|
|
red: u8,
|
||
|
|
green: u8,
|
||
|
|
blue: u8,
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
|
||
|
|
struct Row {
|
||
|
|
color_name: String,
|
||
|
|
color: HexColor,
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
impl FromStr for HexColor {
|
||
|
|
type Err = Error;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
fn from_str(hex_color: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
|
||
|
|
let trimmed = hex_color.trim_matches('#');
|
||
|
|
if trimmed.len() != 6 {
|
||
|
|
Err("Invalid length of hex string".into())
|
||
|
|
} else {
|
||
|
|
Ok(HexColor {
|
||
|
|
red: u8::from_str_radix(&trimmed[..2], 16)?,
|
||
|
|
green: u8::from_str_radix(&trimmed[2..4], 16)?,
|
||
|
|
blue: u8::from_str_radix(&trimmed[4..6], 16)?,
|
||
|
|
})
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for HexColor {
|
||
|
|
fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> std::result::Result<Self, D::Error>
|
||
|
|
where
|
||
|
|
D: Deserializer<'de>,
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
let s = String::deserialize(deserializer)?;
|
||
|
|
FromStr::from_str(&s).map_err(de::Error::custom)
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
fn main() -> Result<()> {
|
||
|
|
let data = "color_name,color
|
||
|
|
red,#ff0000
|
||
|
|
green,#00ff00
|
||
|
|
blue,#0000FF
|
||
|
|
periwinkle,#ccccff
|
||
|
|
magenta,#ff00ff"
|
||
|
|
.to_owned();
|
||
|
|
let mut out = Writer::from_writer(vec![]);
|
||
|
|
let mut reader = Reader::from_reader(data.as_bytes());
|
||
|
|
for result in reader.deserialize::<Row>() {
|
||
|
|
let res = result?;
|
||
|
|
out.serialize((
|
||
|
|
res.color_name,
|
||
|
|
res.color.red,
|
||
|
|
res.color.green,
|
||
|
|
res.color.blue,
|
||
|
|
))?;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
let written = String::from_utf8(out.into_inner()?)?;
|
||
|
|
assert_eq!(Some("magenta,255,0,255"), written.lines().last());
|
||
|
|
println!("{}", written);
|
||
|
|
Ok(())
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</code></pre></pre>
|
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|
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