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< main >
< h2 id = "vector-排序" > < a class = "header" href = "#vector-排序" > Vector 排序< / a > < / h2 >
< h3 id = "对整数-vector-排序" > < a class = "header" href = "#对整数-vector-排序" > 对整数 Vector 排序< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 以下示例使用 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.sort" > Vec::sort< / a > 来排序，如果大家希望获得更高的性能，可以使用 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.sort_unstable" > Vec::sort_unstable< / a > ，但是该方法无法保留相等元素的顺序。< / p >
< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust editable edition2021" > fn main() {
let mut vec = vec![1, 5, 10, 2, 15];
vec.sort();
assert_eq!(vec, vec![1, 2, 5, 10, 15]);
}
< / code > < / pre > < / pre >
< h3 id = "对浮点数-vector-排序" > < a class = "header" href = "#对浮点数-vector-排序" > 对浮点数 Vector 排序< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 浮点数数组可以使用 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.slice.html#method.sort_by" > Vec::sort_by< / a > 和 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cmp/trait.PartialOrd.html#tymethod.partial_cmp" > PartialOrd::partial_cmp< / a > 进行排序。< / p >
< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust editable edition2021" > fn main() {
let mut vec = vec![1.1, 1.15, 5.5, 1.123, 2.0];
vec.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
assert_eq!(vec, vec![1.1, 1.123, 1.15, 2.0, 5.5]);
}
< / code > < / pre > < / pre >
< h3 id = "对结构体-vector-排序" > < a class = "header" href = "#对结构体-vector-排序" > 对结构体 Vector 排序< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 以下示例中的结构体 < code > Person< / code > 将实现基于字段 < code > name< / code > 和 < code > age< / code > 的自然排序。为了让 < code > Person< / code > 变为可排序的，我们需要为其派生 < code > Eq、PartialEq、Ord、PartialOrd< / code > 特征，关于这几个特征的详情，请见< a href = "https://course.rs/advance/confonding/eq.html" > 这里< / a > 。< / p >
< p > 当然，还可以使用 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.sort_by" > vec:sort_by< / a > 方法配合一个自定义比较函数，只按照 < code > age< / code > 的维度对 < code > Person< / code > 数组排序。< / p >
< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust editable edition2021" > #[derive(Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
struct Person {
name: String,
age: u32
}
impl Person {
pub fn new(name: String, age: u32) -> Self {
Person {
name,
age
}
}
}
fn main() {
let mut people = vec![
Person::new(" Zoe" .to_string(), 25),
Person::new(" Al" .to_string(), 60),
Person::new(" John" .to_string(), 1),
];
// 通过派生后的自然顺序(Name and age)排序
people.sort();
assert_eq!(
people,
vec![
Person::new(" Al" .to_string(), 60),
Person::new(" John" .to_string(), 1),
Person::new(" Zoe" .to_string(), 25),
]);
// 只通过 age 排序
people.sort_by(|a, b| b.age.cmp(& a.age));
assert_eq!(
people,
vec![
Person::new(" Al" .to_string(), 60),
Person::new(" Zoe" .to_string(), 25),
Person::new(" John" .to_string(), 1),
]);
}
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