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2 years ago
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀,以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../first-try/slowly-downloading.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/flow-control.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 流程控制</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/match-pattern/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 模式匹配</a><a class="to
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<h1 id="下载依赖很慢或卡住"><a class="header" href="#下载依赖很慢或卡住">下载依赖很慢或卡住?</a></h1>
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<p>在目前,大家还不需要自己搭建的镜像下载服务,因此只需知道下载依赖库的地址是 <a href="https://crates.io">crates.io</a>,是由 Rust 官方搭建的镜像下载和管理服务。</p>
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<p>但悲剧的是,它的默认镜像地址是在国外,这就导致了某些时候难免会遇到下载缓慢或者卡住的情况,下面我们一起来看看。</p>
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<h2 id="下载很慢"><a class="header" href="#下载很慢">下载很慢</a></h2>
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<p>解决下载缓慢有两种方式:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>开启命令行或者全局翻墙
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经常有同学反馈,我明明开启翻墙了,但是下载依然还是很慢,无论是命令行中下载还是 VSCode 的 rust-analyzer 插件自动拉取。</li>
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</ol>
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<p>事实上,翻墙工具默认开启的仅仅是浏览器的翻墙代理,对于命令行或者软件中的访问,并不会代理流量,因此这些访问还是通过正常网络进行的,自然会失败。</p>
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<p>因此,大家需要做的是在你使用的翻墙工具中 <code>复制终端代理命令</code> 或者开启全局翻墙。由于每个翻墙软件的使用方式不同,因此具体的还是需要自己研究下。以我使用的 <code>ClashX</code> 为例,点击 <code>复制终端代理命令</code> 后,会自动复制一些 <code>export</code> 文本,将这些文本复制到命令行终端中,执行一下,就可以自动完成代理了。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
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</code></pre>
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<ol start="2">
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<li>修改 Rust 的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址
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这个效果最直接,但是就是稍有些麻烦。</li>
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</ol>
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<p>为了使用 <code>crates.io</code> 之外的注册服务,我们需要对 <code>$HOME/.cargo/config.toml</code> ($CARGO_HOME 下) 文件进行配置,添加新的服务提供商,有两种方式可以实现:增加新的镜像地址和覆盖默认的镜像地址。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>这里推荐使用<a href="http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/crates.io-index.html">科大的注册服务</a>来提升下载速度,以下注册服务的链接都是科大的。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4 id="增加新的镜像地址"><a class="header" href="#增加新的镜像地址">增加新的镜像地址</a></h4>
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<p><strong>首先是在 <code>crates.io</code> 之外添加新的注册服务</strong>,在 <code>$HOME/.cargo/config.toml</code> (如果文件不存在则手动创建一个)中添加以下内容:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[registries]
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ustc = { index = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/" }
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</code></pre>
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<p>这种方式只会新增一个新的镜像地址,因此在引入依赖的时候,需要指定该地址,例如在项目中引入 <code>time</code> 包,你需要在 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 中使用以下方式引入:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
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time = { registry = "ustc" }
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>在重新配置后,初次构建可能要较久的时间</strong>,因为要下载更新 <code>ustc</code> 注册服务的索引文件,还挺大的...</p>
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<h4 id="覆盖默认的镜像地址"><a class="header" href="#覆盖默认的镜像地址">覆盖默认的镜像地址</a></h4>
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<p>事实上,我们更推荐第二种方式,因为第一种方式在项目大了后,实在是很麻烦,全部修改后,万一以后不用这个镜像了,你又要全部修改成其它的。</p>
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<p>而第二种方式,则不需要修改 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 文件,<strong>因为它是直接使用新注册服务来替代默认的 <code>crates.io</code></strong>。</p>
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<p>在 <code>$HOME/.cargo/config.toml</code> 添加以下内容:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[source.crates-io]
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replace-with = 'ustc'
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[source.ustc]
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registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
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</code></pre>
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<p>首先,创建一个新的镜像源 <code>[source.ustc]</code>,然后将默认的 <code>crates-io</code> 替换成新的镜像源: <code>replace-with = 'ustc'</code>。</p>
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<p>简单吧?只要这样配置后,以往需要去 <code>crates.io</code> 下载的包,会全部从科大的镜像地址下载,速度刷刷的.. 我的 300M 大刀( 宽带 )终于有了用武之地。</p>
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<p><strong>这里强烈推荐大家在学习完后面的基本章节后,看一下 <a href="https://course.rs/cargo/intro.html">Cargo 使用指南章节</a>,对于你的 Rust 之旅会有莫大的帮助!</strong></p>
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<h2 id="下载卡住"><a class="header" href="#下载卡住">下载卡住</a></h2>
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<p>下载卡住其实就一个原因:下载太慢了。</p>
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<p>根据经验来看,卡住不动往往发生在更新索引时。毕竟 Rust 的包越来越多,索引也越来越大,如果不使用国内镜像,卡住还蛮正常的,好在,我们也无需经常更新索引 :P</p>
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<h4 id="blocking-waiting-for-file-lock-on-package-cache"><a class="header" href="#blocking-waiting-for-file-lock-on-package-cache">Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache</a></h4>
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<p>不过这里有一个坑,需要大家注意,如果你同时打开了 VSCODE 和命令行,然后修改了 <code>Cargo.toml</code>,此时 VSCODE 的 rust-analyzer 插件会自动检测到依赖的变更,去下载新的依赖。</p>
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<p>在 VSCODE 下载的过程中( 特别是更新索引,可能会耗时很久),假如你又在命令行中运行类似 <code>cargo run</code> 或者 <code>cargo build</code> 的命令,就会提示一行有些看不太懂的内容:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo build
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Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
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|
Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
|
||
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
<p>其实这个报错就是因为 VSCODE 的下载太慢了,而且该下载构建还锁住了当前的项目,导致你无法在另一个地方再次进行构建。</p>
|
||
|
<p>解决办法也很简单:</p>
|
||
|
<ul>
|
||
|
<li>增加下载速度,见前面内容</li>
|
||
|
<li>耐心等待持有锁的用户构建完成</li>
|
||
|
<li>强行停止正在构建的进程,例如杀掉 IDE 使用的 rust-analyzer 插件进程,然后删除 <code>$HOME/.cargo/.package_cache</code> 目录</li>
|
||
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