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<h1 id="正则表达式"><a class="header" href="#正则表达式">正则表达式</a></h1>
<h3 id="验证邮件格式并取出--前的信息"><a class="header" href="#验证邮件格式并取出--前的信息">验证邮件格式并取出 @ 前的信息</a></h3>
<p>下面代码使用 <a href="https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/">regex</a> 包来验证邮件格式的正确性，然后提取出 <code>@</code> 符号前的所有内容。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use regex::Regex;
fn extract_login(input: &amp;str) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;str&gt; {
lazy_static! {
static ref RE: Regex = Regex::new(r&quot;(?x)
^(?P&lt;login&gt;[^@\s]+)@
([[:word:]]+\.)*
[[:word:]]+$
&quot;).unwrap();
}
RE.captures(input).and_then(|cap| {
cap.name(&quot;login&quot;).map(|login| login.as_str())
})
}
fn main() {
assert_eq!(extract_login(r&quot;I❤email@example.com&quot;), Some(r&quot;I❤email&quot;));
assert_eq!(
extract_login(r&quot;sdf+sdsfsd.as.sdsd@jhkk.d.rl&quot;),
Some(r&quot;sdf+sdsfsd.as.sdsd&quot;)
);
assert_eq!(extract_login(r&quot;More@Than@One@at.com&quot;), None);
assert_eq!(extract_login(r&quot;Not an email@email&quot;), None);
}
</code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="从文本中提出--开头的标签"><a class="header" href="#从文本中提出--开头的标签">从文本中提出 # 开头的标签</a></h3>
<p>例子对标签进行提取、排序和去重。需要注意，下面的标签仅仅是拉丁字母的，如果你要支持更多的字母，可以参考下 <a href="https://github.com/twitter/twitter-text/blob/c9fc09782efe59af4ee82855768cfaf36273e170/java/src/com/twitter/Regex.java#L255">Twitter 的正则语法</a>，友情提示，复杂的多！</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use regex::Regex;
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn extract_hashtags(text: &amp;str) -&gt; HashSet&lt;&amp;str&gt; {
lazy_static! {
static ref HASHTAG_REGEX : Regex = Regex::new(
r&quot;\#[a-zA-Z][0-9a-zA-Z_]*&quot;
).unwrap();
}
HASHTAG_REGEX.find_iter(text).map(|mat| mat.as_str()).collect()
}
fn main() {
let tweet = &quot;Hey #world, I just got my new #dog, say hello to Till. #dog #forever #2 #_ &quot;;
let tags = extract_hashtags(tweet);
assert!(tags.contains(&quot;#dog&quot;) &amp;&amp; tags.contains(&quot;#forever&quot;) &amp;&amp; tags.contains(&quot;#world&quot;));
assert_eq!(tags.len(), 3);
}
</code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="从文本中提取出所有手机号"><a class="header" href="#从文本中提取出所有手机号">从文本中提取出所有手机号</a></h3>
<p>[Regex::captures_iter] 可以对字符串型文本进行处理，以获取文本中的多个手机号。下面的例子适用于美国的号码。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021"><span class="boring">use error_chain::error_chain;
</span>
use regex::Regex;
use std::fmt;
<span class="boring">error_chain!{
</span><span class="boring"> foreign_links {
</span><span class="boring"> Regex(regex::Error);
</span><span class="boring"> Io(std::io::Error);
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span>
struct PhoneNumber&lt;'a&gt; {
area: &amp;'a str,
exchange: &amp;'a str,
subscriber: &amp;'a str,
}
impl&lt;'a&gt; fmt::Display for PhoneNumber&lt;'a&gt; {
fn fmt(&amp;self, f: &amp;mut fmt::Formatter) -&gt; fmt::Result {
write!(f, &quot;1 ({}) {}-{}&quot;, self.area, self.exchange, self.subscriber)
}
}
fn main() -&gt; Result&lt;()&gt; {
let phone_text = &quot;
+1 505 881 9292 (v) +1 505 778 2212 (c) +1 505 881 9297 (f)
(202) 991 9534
Alex 5553920011
1 (800) 233-2010
1.299.339.1020&quot;;
let re = Regex::new(
r#&quot;(?x)
(?:\+?1)? # Country Code Optional
[\s\.]?
(([2-9]\d{2})|\(([2-9]\d{2})\)) # Area Code
[\s\.\-]?
([2-9]\d{2}) # Exchange Code
[\s\.\-]?
(\d{4}) # Subscriber Number&quot;#,
)?;
let phone_numbers = re.captures_iter(phone_text).filter_map(|cap| {
let groups = (cap.get(2).or(cap.get(3)), cap.get(4), cap.get(5));
match groups {
(Some(area), Some(ext), Some(sub)) =&gt; Some(PhoneNumber {
area: area.as_str(),
exchange: ext.as_str(),
subscriber: sub.as_str(),
}),
_ =&gt; None,
}
});
assert_eq!(
phone_numbers.map(|m| m.to_string()).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;_&gt;&gt;(),
vec![
&quot;1 (505) 881-9292&quot;,
&quot;1 (505) 778-2212&quot;,
&quot;1 (505) 881-9297&quot;,
&quot;1 (202) 991-9534&quot;,
&quot;1 (555) 392-0011&quot;,
&quot;1 (800) 233-2010&quot;,
&quot;1 (299) 339-1020&quot;,
]
);
Ok(())
}
</code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="通过多个正则来过滤日志文件"><a class="header" href="#通过多个正则来过滤日志文件">通过多个正则来过滤日志文件</a></h3>
<p>例子的目标是过滤出包含 &quot;version X.X.X&quot;、以 443 结尾的 IP 地址和特别的警告的日志行。</p>
<p>值得注意的是，由于在正则中反斜杠非常常见，因此使用 <code>r#&quot;&quot;</code> 形式的原生字符串对于开发者和使用者都更加友好。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021"><span class="boring">use error_chain::error_chain;
</span>
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead};
use regex::RegexSetBuilder;
<span class="boring">error_chain! {
</span><span class="boring"> foreign_links {
</span><span class="boring"> Io(std::io::Error);
</span><span class="boring"> Regex(regex::Error);
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span>
fn main() -&gt; Result&lt;()&gt; {
let log_path = &quot;application.log&quot;;
let buffered = BufReader::new(File::open(log_path)?);
let set = RegexSetBuilder::new(&amp;[
r#&quot;version &quot;\d\.\d\.\d&quot;&quot;#,
r#&quot;\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}:443&quot;#,
r#&quot;warning.*timeout expired&quot;#,
]).case_insensitive(true)
.build()?;
buffered
.lines()
.filter_map(|line| line.ok())
.filter(|line| set.is_match(line.as_str()))
.for_each(|x| println!(&quot;{}&quot;, x));
Ok(())
}
</code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="将文本中所有的指定模式替换成另外一种模式"><a class="header" href="#将文本中所有的指定模式替换成另外一种模式">将文本中所有的指定模式替换成另外一种模式</a></h3>
<p>下面代码将标准的 ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD 日期模式替换成带有斜杠的美式英语日期。例如 <code>2013-01-15</code> -&gt; <code>01/15/2013</code>。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use regex::Regex;
fn reformat_dates(before: &amp;str) -&gt; Cow&lt;str&gt; {
lazy_static! {
static ref ISO8601_DATE_REGEX : Regex = Regex::new(
r&quot;(?P&lt;y&gt;\d{4})-(?P&lt;m&gt;\d{2})-(?P&lt;d&gt;\d{2})&quot;
).unwrap();
}
ISO8601_DATE_REGEX.replace_all(before, &quot;$m/$d/$y&quot;)
}
fn main() {
let before = &quot;2012-03-14, 2013-01-15 and 2014-07-05&quot;;
let after = reformat_dates(before);
assert_eq!(after, &quot;03/14/2012, 01/15/2013 and 07/05/2014&quot;);
}
</code></pre></pre>
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