diff --git a/apps/admin-x-activitypub/src/components/global/ImageLightbox.tsx b/apps/admin-x-activitypub/src/components/global/ImageLightbox.tsx
index 2691530..1e04325 100644
--- a/apps/admin-x-activitypub/src/components/global/ImageLightbox.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin-x-activitypub/src/components/global/ImageLightbox.tsx
@@ -1,52 +1,72 @@
-import React, {useCallback, useEffect, useState} from 'react';
-import {Button, Dialog, DialogClose, DialogContent, LucideIcon} from '@tryghost/shade';
-import {ObjectProperties} from '@tryghost/admin-x-framework/api/activitypub';
-import {getAttachment} from '@components/feed/FeedItem';
+import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+// 导入UI组件：按钮、对话框及内容容器、Lucide图标库
+import { Button, Dialog, DialogClose, DialogContent, LucideIcon } from '@tryghost/shade';
+// 导入活动发布对象的类型定义
+import { ObjectProperties } from '@tryghost/admin-x-framework/api/activitypub';
+// 导入获取附件的工具函数
+import { getAttachment } from '@components/feed/FeedItem';
 
+// 定义灯箱中图片的类型接口
 export interface LightboxImage {
-    url: string;
-    alt: string;
+    url: string;  // 图片URL
+    alt: string;  // 图片替代文本
 }
 
+// 定义灯箱状态的类型接口
 export interface LightboxState {
-    images: LightboxImage[];
-    currentIndex: number;
-    isOpen: boolean;
+    images: LightboxImage[];  // 所有图片列表
+    currentIndex: number;     // 当前显示图片的索引
+    isOpen: boolean;          // 灯箱是否打开
 }
 
+/**
+ * 自定义Hook：管理图片灯箱的状态和操作
+ * @param object - 包含图片的活动发布对象
+ * @returns 灯箱状态及相关操作方法
+ */
 export function useLightboxImages(object: ObjectProperties | null) {
+    // 初始化灯箱状态
     const [lightboxState, setLightboxState] = useState<LightboxState>({
         images: [],
         currentIndex: 0,
         isOpen: false
     });
 
+    /**
+     * 从对象中提取所有图片
+     * @param obj - 活动发布对象
+     * @returns 提取出的图片数组
+     */
     const getAllImagesFromAttachment = (obj: ObjectProperties): LightboxImage[] => {
+        // 获取对象的附件
         const attachment = getAttachment(obj);
         if (!attachment) {
             return [];
         }
 
+        // 处理附件为数组的情况
         if (Array.isArray(attachment)) {
             return attachment.map((item, index) => ({
                 url: item.url,
-                alt: item.name || `Image-${index}`
+                alt: item.name || `Image-${index}`  // 用索引作为默认alt文本
             }));
         }
 
+        // 处理单个图片附件
         if (attachment.mediaType?.startsWith('image/') || attachment.type === 'Image') {
             return [{
                 url: attachment.url,
-                alt: attachment.name || 'Image'
+                alt: attachment.name || 'Image'  // 用默认文本作为fallback
             }];
         }
 
+        // 处理对象中直接包含image字段的情况
         if (obj.image) {
             let imageUrl;
             if (typeof obj.image === 'string') {
-                imageUrl = obj.image;
+                imageUrl = obj.image;  // 图片URL直接是字符串
             } else {
-                imageUrl = obj.image?.url;
+                imageUrl = obj.image?.url;  // 图片是对象，取其url属性
             }
 
             if (imageUrl) {
@@ -57,17 +77,23 @@ export function useLightboxImages(object: ObjectProperties | null) {
             }
         }
 
-        return [];
+        return [];  // 没有找到图片时返回空数组
     };
 
+    /**
+     * 打开灯箱并显示指定图片
+     * @param clickedUrl - 被点击图片的URL
+     */
     const openLightbox = (clickedUrl: string) => {
         if (!object) {
-            return;
+            return;  // 对象为空时不执行操作
         }
 
+        // 获取所有图片并找到被点击图片的索引
         const images = getAllImagesFromAttachment(object);
         const clickedIndex = images.findIndex(img => img.url === clickedUrl);
 
+        // 找到对应图片时更新灯箱状态
         if (clickedIndex !== -1) {
             setLightboxState({
                 images,
@@ -77,6 +103,9 @@ export function useLightboxImages(object: ObjectProperties | null) {
         }
     };
 
+    /**
+     * 关闭灯箱
+     */
     const closeLightbox = () => {
         setLightboxState(prev => ({
             ...prev,
@@ -84,6 +113,10 @@ export function useLightboxImages(object: ObjectProperties | null) {
         }));
     };
 
+    /**
+     * 导航到指定索引的图片
+     * @param newIndex - 目标图片索引
+     */
     const navigateToIndex = (newIndex: number) => {
         setLightboxState(prev => ({
             ...prev,
@@ -99,14 +132,18 @@ export function useLightboxImages(object: ObjectProperties | null) {
     };
 }
 
+// 图片灯箱组件的属性接口
 interface ImageLightboxProps {
-    images: LightboxImage[];
-    currentIndex: number;
-    isOpen: boolean;
-    onClose: () => void;
-    onNavigate: (newIndex: number) => void;
+    images: LightboxImage[];       // 图片列表
+    currentIndex: number;          // 当前显示图片索引
+    isOpen: boolean;               // 是否打开
+    onClose: () => void;           // 关闭回调
+    onNavigate: (newIndex: number) => void;  // 导航回调
 }
 
+/**
+ * 图片灯箱组件：用于放大查看图片，支持左右导航和键盘控制
+ */
 const ImageLightbox: React.FC<ImageLightboxProps> = ({
     images,
     currentIndex,
@@ -114,44 +151,65 @@ const ImageLightbox: React.FC<ImageLightboxProps> = ({
     onClose,
     onNavigate
 }) => {
+    // 判断是否是第一张/最后一张图片
     const isFirstImage = currentIndex === 0;
     const isLastImage = currentIndex === images.length - 1;
 
+    /**
+     * 导航到下一张图片
+     * 使用useCallback缓存函数，避免不必要的重渲染
+     */
     const goToNext = useCallback(() => {
+        // 只有一张图片或已经是最后一张时不执行
         if (images.length <= 1 || isLastImage) {
             return;
         }
+        // 计算下一张索引（循环导航）
         const nextIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % images.length;
         onNavigate(nextIndex);
     }, [images.length, isLastImage, currentIndex, onNavigate]);
 
+    /**
+     * 导航到上一张图片
+     * 使用useCallback缓存函数
+     */
     const goToPrev = useCallback(() => {
+        // 只有一张图片或已经是第一张时不执行
         if (images.length <= 1 || isFirstImage) {
             return;
         }
+        // 计算上一张索引（循环导航）
         const prevIndex = (currentIndex - 1 + images.length) % images.length;
         onNavigate(prevIndex);
     }, [images.length, isFirstImage, currentIndex, onNavigate]);
 
+    /**
+     * 监听键盘事件，支持左右箭头导航
+     */
     useEffect(() => {
         const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
             if (!isOpen) {
-                return;
+                return;  // 灯箱关闭时不处理
             }
 
+            // 右箭头导航到下一张（非最后一张时）
             if (e.key === 'ArrowRight' && !isLastImage) {
                 goToNext();
-            } else if (e.key === 'ArrowLeft' && !isFirstImage) {
+            }
+            // 左箭头导航到上一张（非第一张时）
+            else if (e.key === 'ArrowLeft' && !isFirstImage) {
                 goToPrev();
             }
         };
 
         window.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+        // 组件卸载时移除事件监听
         return () => {
             window.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
         };
     }, [isOpen, currentIndex, images.length, goToNext, goToPrev, isLastImage, isFirstImage]);
 
+    // 灯箱未打开或没有图片时不渲染
     if (!isOpen || images.length === 0) {
         return null;
     }
@@ -159,37 +217,46 @@ const ImageLightbox: React.FC<ImageLightboxProps> = ({
     return (
         <Dialog
             open={isOpen}
+            // 监听对话框状态变化，关闭时触发回调
             onOpenChange={(open) => {
                 if (!open) {
                     onClose();
                 }
             }}
         >
-            <DialogContent className="top-[50%] h-[100vh] max-h-[100vh] w-[100vw] max-w-[100vw] translate-y-[-50%] items-center border-none bg-transparent p-0 shadow-none data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-100 data-[state=open]:zoom-in-100 data-[state=closed]:slide-out-to-top-[50%] data-[state=open]:slide-in-from-top-[50%]" onClick={() => onClose()}>
+            {/* 灯箱内容容器，全屏显示且居中 */}
+            <DialogContent 
+                className="top-[50%] h-[100vh] max-h-[100vh] w-[100vw] max-w-[100vw] translate-y-[-50%] items-center border-none bg-transparent p-0 shadow-none data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-100 data-[state=open]:zoom-in-100 data-[state=closed]:slide-out-to-top-[50%] data-[state=open]:slide-in-from-top-[50%]" 
+                onClick={() => onClose()}  // 点击空白区域关闭
+            >
+                {/* 当前显示的图片 */}
                 <img
                     alt={images[currentIndex].alt}
-                    className="mx-auto max-h-[90vh] max-w-[90vw] object-contain"
+                    className="mx-auto max-h-[90vh] max-w-[90vw] object-contain"  // 保持比例，限制最大尺寸
                     src={images[currentIndex].url}
-                    onClick={e => e.stopPropagation()}
+                    onClick={e => e.stopPropagation()}  // 点击图片本身不关闭灯箱
                 />
 
+                {/* 多张图片时显示导航按钮 */}
                 {images.length > 1 && (
                     <>
+                        {/* 上一张按钮 */}
                         <Button
                             className="absolute left-5 top-1/2 size-11 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-full bg-black/50 p-0 pr-0.5 hover:bg-black/70"
-                            disabled={isFirstImage}
+                            disabled={isFirstImage}  // 第一张时禁用
                             onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
+                                e.stopPropagation();  // 阻止事件冒泡（避免关闭灯箱）
                                 goToPrev();
                             }}
                         >
                             <LucideIcon.ChevronLeft className="!size-6" />
-                            <span className="sr-only">Previous image</span>
+                            <span className="sr-only">Previous image</span>  // 屏幕阅读器文本
                         </Button>
 
+                        {/* 下一张按钮 */}
                         <Button
                             className="absolute right-5 top-1/2 size-11 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-full bg-black/50 p-0 pl-0.5 hover:bg-black/70"
-                            disabled={isLastImage}
+                            disabled={isLastImage}  // 最后一张时禁用
                             onClick={(e) => {
                                 e.stopPropagation();
                                 goToNext();
@@ -200,6 +267,8 @@ const ImageLightbox: React.FC<ImageLightboxProps> = ({
                         </Button>
                     </>
                 )}
+
+                {/* 关闭按钮 */}
                 <DialogClose asChild>
                     <Button className="absolute right-5 top-5 size-11 rounded-full bg-black/50 p-0 hover:bg-black/70">
                         <LucideIcon.X className="!size-5" />
@@ -211,4 +280,4 @@ const ImageLightbox: React.FC<ImageLightboxProps> = ({
     );
 };
 
-export default ImageLightbox;
+export default ImageLightbox;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/AnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/AnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts
index 27ecfd4..1e329dd 100644
--- a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/AnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts
+++ b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/AnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts
@@ -2,26 +2,35 @@ import {Locator, Page} from '@playwright/test';
 import {AdminPage} from '../AdminPage';
 
 export class AnalyticsWebTrafficPage extends AdminPage {
+    // 总浏览数 / 总访问量 选项卡的定位器
     readonly totalViewsTab: Locator;
+    // 唯一访客数 选项卡的定位器
     readonly totalUniqueVisitorsTab: Locator;
+    // 页面中展示流量折线/图表的容器定位器（使用 data-testid）
     private readonly webGraph: Locator;
 
+    // “Top content” 卡片及其内部的选项卡定位器（Posts & pages / Posts / Pages）
     readonly topContentCard: Locator;
     readonly postsAndPagesButton: Locator;
     readonly postsButton: Locator;
     readonly pagesButton: Locator;
 
+    // “Top sources” 卡片的定位器（显示来源统计）
     public readonly topSourcesCard: Locator;
 
     constructor(page: Page) {
         super(page);
+        // 页面对应的 hash 路由，用于 goto() 等导航判断
         this.pageUrl = '/ghost/#/analytics/web';
 
+        // 使用可访问性角色定位选项卡（便于稳定定位）
         this.totalViewsTab = page.getByRole('tab', {name: 'Total views'});
         this.totalUniqueVisitorsTab = page.getByRole('tab', {name: 'Unique visitors'});
 
+        // 使用 data-testid 定位图表容器，便于直接读取文本或存在性检查
         this.webGraph = page.getByTestId('web-graph');
 
+        // Top content 卡片及内部按钮定位
         this.topContentCard = page.getByTestId('top-content-card');
         this.postsAndPagesButton = this.topContentCard.getByRole('tab', {name: 'Posts & pages'});
         this.postsButton = this.topContentCard.getByRole('tab', {name: 'Posts', exact: true});
@@ -30,22 +39,27 @@ export class AnalyticsWebTrafficPage extends AdminPage {
         this.topSourcesCard = page.getByTestId('top-sources-card');
     }
 
+    // 返回 webGraph 的文本内容（可用于断言图表上方的汇总数或提示文本）
     async totalViewsContent() {
         return await this.webGraph.textContent();
     }
 
+    // 返回“Unique visitors”选项卡的文本内容（通常包含数字或标签）
     async totalUniqueVisitorsContent() {
         return await this.totalUniqueVisitorsTab.textContent();
     }
 
+    // 切换到“Total views”选项卡（模拟用户点击）
     async viewTotalViews() {
         await this.totalViewsTab.click();
     }
 
+    // 切换到“Unique visitors”选项卡（模拟用户点击）
     async viewTotalUniqueVisitors() {
         await this.totalUniqueVisitorsTab.click();
     }
 
+    // 读取 webGraph 的文本内容（方法名表示读取图表内容）
     async viewWebGraphContent() {
         await this.webGraph.textContent();
     }
diff --git a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsGrowthPage.ts b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsGrowthPage.ts
index 0ec67dc..c98ea4e 100644
--- a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsGrowthPage.ts
+++ b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsGrowthPage.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,28 @@
 import {Locator, Page} from '@playwright/test';
 import {AdminPage} from '../../AdminPage';
 
+/**
+ * PostAnalyticsGrowthPage
+ * 封装文章分析页面中 "Growth（增长）" 视图的定位器与基础交互。
+ * 该页面对象用于 e2e 测试中获取增长相关卡片（成员、来源）并执行简单操作。
+ */
 export class PostAnalyticsGrowthPage extends AdminPage {
+    // 成员统计卡片的容器定位器（使用 data-testid，便于稳定定位）
     readonly membersCard: Locator;
+    // 成员卡片内的“View member”按钮，用于导航到 Members 页面查看详情
     readonly viewMemberButton: Locator;
+    // Top sources（流量来源）卡片的容器定位器
     readonly topSourcesCard: Locator;
 
     constructor(page: Page) {
         super(page);
 
+        // 通过 data-testid 定位 members 卡片（包含免费/付费成员数等摘要）
         this.membersCard = this.page.getByTestId('members-card');
+        // 在 members 卡片内定位名为 'View member' 的按钮（用于点击查看成员列表）
         this.viewMemberButton = this.membersCard.getByRole('button', {name: 'View member'});
 
+        // 定位 top sources 卡片（显示访问来源，如直接、搜索、社交等）
         this.topSourcesCard = this.page.getByTestId('top-sources-card');
     }
 }
diff --git a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsPage.ts b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsPage.ts
index 57ee311..017dfd7 100644
--- a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsPage.ts
+++ b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsPage.ts
@@ -1,52 +1,87 @@
 import {Locator, Page} from '@playwright/test';
 import {AdminPage} from '../../AdminPage';
 
+/**
+ * GrowthSection
+ * 封装文章分析页面中 “Growth（增长）” 区块的定位器与常用交互。
+ * 该区块通常包含成员相关摘要与“View more”按钮用于展开详情。
+ */
 class GrowthSection extends AdminPage {
+    // Growth 卡片容器定位器（使用 data-testid）
     readonly card: Locator;
+    // Growth 卡片内的“View more”按钮定位器
     readonly viewMoreButton: Locator;
 
     constructor(page: Page) {
         super(page);
 
+        // 通过 data-testid 定位 growth 卡片，便于稳定选择
         this.card = this.page.getByTestId('growth');
+        // 在卡片内查找名为 'View more' 的按钮（用于查看更详细的增长数据）
         this.viewMoreButton = this.card.getByRole('button', {name: 'View more'});
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * WebPerformanceSection
+ * 封装文章分析页面中 “Web performance（网站表现）” 区块的定位器与常用交互。
+ * 包含唯一访客数的定位器与“View more”按钮。
+ */
 class WebPerformanceSection extends AdminPage {
+    // Web performance 卡片容器定位器
     readonly card: Locator;
+    // 卡片内显示“unique visitors（唯一访客）”的元素定位器
     readonly uniqueVisitors: Locator;
+    // 卡片内的“View more”按钮定位器
     readonly viewMoreButton: Locator;
 
     constructor(page: Page) {
         super(page);
 
+        // 使用 data-testid 定位 web-performance 卡片
         this.card = this.page.getByTestId('web-performance');
+        // 在卡片内定位显示唯一访客数的元素
         this.uniqueVisitors = this.card.getByTestId('unique-visitors');
+        // 在卡片内定位“View more”按钮（用于查看流量详情）
         this.viewMoreButton = this.card.getByRole('button', {name: 'View more'});
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * PostAnalyticsPage
+ * 文章分析页面的页面对象，聚合了不同分析视图（Overview / Web traffic / Growth）
+ * 以及对应区块（growthSection, webPerformanceSection），并提供页面加载等待方法。
+ */
 export class PostAnalyticsPage extends AdminPage {
+    // 页面上方的导航/选项按钮：Overview、Web traffic、Growth
     readonly overviewButton: Locator;
     readonly webTrafficButton: Locator;
     readonly growthButton: Locator;
 
+    // 区块对象，分别封装 Growth 和 Web Performance 子区域的定位器/操作
     readonly growthSection: GrowthSection;
     readonly webPerformanceSection: WebPerformanceSection;
 
     constructor(page: Page) {
         super(page);
+        // 设置此页面对应的路由（用于 goto() 或页面断言）
         this.pageUrl = '/ghost/#/analytics';
 
+        // 使用可访问性角色定位顶部视图切换按钮，便于稳定点击
         this.overviewButton = this.page.getByRole('button', {name: 'Overview'});
         this.webTrafficButton = this.page.getByRole('button', {name: 'Web traffic'});
         this.growthButton = this.page.getByRole('button', {name: 'Growth'});
 
+        // 初始化子区块页面对象，传入同一 page 实例以共享上下文
         this.growthSection = new GrowthSection(page);
         this.webPerformanceSection = new WebPerformanceSection(page);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * waitForPageLoad
+     * 等待文章分析页面加载完成的简单策略：等待 webPerformanceSection 卡片可见。
+     * 该方法用于在测试中确保页面元素可交互，避免因为异步渲染导致的点击失败。
+     */
     async waitForPageLoad() {
         await this.webPerformanceSection.card.waitFor({state: 'visible'});
     }
diff --git a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts
index bb596ca..a3c4871 100644
--- a/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts
+++ b/e2e/helpers/pages/admin/analytics/post-analytics/PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,31 @@
 import {Page} from '@playwright/test';
 import {AdminPage} from '../../AdminPage';
 
+/**
+ * PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage
+ * --------------------------
+ * Playwright 页面对象：用于封装文章级别的 “Web Traffic”（网站流量）分析视图的定位器与操作。
+ *
+ * 说明：
+ * - 该类当前只是继承自 AdminPage 的空壳，作为占位以便后续在文章分析页面中添加特定定位器与交互方法。
+ * - 推荐在此处添加常用的定位器（例如图表容器、Top sources、Top content、时间范围切换等）
+ *   以及便于测试的读取/切换方法（例如 getTotalViews(), clickTopSourcesTab() 等）。
+ *
+ * 示例 TODO（可按需实现）：
+ * - this.webGraph = page.getByTestId('post-web-graph');
+ * - async getTotalViews() { return await this.webGraphLocator.textContent(); }
+ * - async selectTimeRange(range: '7d'|'30d'|'90d') { ... }
+ *
+ * 目的：把文章级别的流量相关交互都集中在此类，便于 e2e 测试重用与维护。
+ */
 export class PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage extends AdminPage {
     constructor(page: Page) {
         super(page);
+        // TODO: 在这里初始化文章级 Web 流量页面的定位器，例如：
+        // this.pageUrl = '/ghost/#/editor/analytics/post/...'; // 如有需要可设置具体路由
+        //
+        // 示例（占位）：
+        // this.webGraph = page.getByTestId('post-web-graph');
+        // this.topSourcesCard = page.getByTestId('post-top-sources-card');
     }
 }
diff --git a/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/growth.test.ts b/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/growth.test.ts
index 7cdc3af..8668095 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/growth.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/growth.test.ts
@@ -6,36 +6,49 @@ import {
     MembersPage
 } from '../../../../helpers/pages/admin';
 
+// 测试套件：Ghost 管理后台 - 文章分析（Post Analytics）- Growth（增长）页
 test.describe('Ghost Admin - Post Analytics - Growth', () => {
+    // 每个测试开始前的准备工作：导航并打开目标文章的分析页面，再点击 Growth 选项
     test.beforeEach(async ({page}) => {
         const analyticsOverviewPage = new AnalyticsOverviewPage(page);
         await analyticsOverviewPage.goto();
+        // 在概览页点击最新文章的 analytics 按钮，进入文章分析面板
         await analyticsOverviewPage.latestPost.analyticsButton.click();
 
-        // TODO: check post analytics component, we shouldn't need to wait on page load to be able to click growth link
+        // TODO 注释保留：理想情况下不应需等待页面完全加载即可点击 growth 链接
         const postAnalyticsPage = new PostAnalyticsPage(page);
+        // 等待文章分析页面加载完成（确保元素可交互）
         await postAnalyticsPage.waitForPageLoad();
+        // 点击 Growth 按钮，进入增长视图
         await postAnalyticsPage.growthButton.click();
     });
 
+    // 测试：空成员卡片应显示 Free members 字样并且数量为 0
     test('empty members card', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage = new PostAnalyticsGrowthPage(page);
 
+        // 断言 members 卡片包含“Free members”标签
         await expect(postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage.membersCard).toContainText('Free members');
+        // 断言成员数量显示为 0（空数据场景）
         await expect(postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage.membersCard).toContainText('0');
     });
 
+    // 测试：在空成员场景点击“查看成员”应跳转到 Members 页面并显示无匹配结果
     test('empty members card - view member', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage = new PostAnalyticsGrowthPage(page);
+        // 点击“查看成员”按钮（应导航到 Members 列表）
         await postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage.viewMemberButton.click();
 
         const membersPage = new MembersPage(page);
+        // 断言 Members 页面显示“无成员匹配”的提示文本
         await expect(membersPage.body).toContainText('No members match');
     });
 
+    // 测试：Top sources 卡片在无数据时显示“无来源数据”提示
     test('empty top sources card', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage = new PostAnalyticsGrowthPage(page);
 
+        // 断言 top sources 卡片包含“No sources data available”
         await expect(postAnalyticsPageGrowthPage.topSourcesCard).toContainText('No sources data available');
     });
 });
diff --git a/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/overview.test.ts b/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/overview.test.ts
index bab8dcd..b45cf07 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/overview.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/tests/admin/analytics/post-analytics/overview.test.ts
@@ -6,30 +6,43 @@ import {
     PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage
 } from '../../../../helpers/pages/admin';
 
+/**
+ * 文件说明：
+ * 这个测试文件包含文章级别 Analytics 的 Overview 视图相关的 e2e 测试。
+ * 场景主要验证在“空数据”情况下，各个卡片/选项卡的可见性和提示文本。
+ */
+
 test.describe('Ghost Admin - Post Analytics - Overview', () => {
+    // 在每个测试前都执行：导航到 Analytics 概览并打开最新文章的 analytics 面板
     test.beforeEach(async ({page}) => {
         const analyticsOverviewPage = new AnalyticsOverviewPage(page);
         await analyticsOverviewPage.goto();
-
+        // 在概览页点击“最新文章”的 analytics 按钮，进入文章分析面板
         await analyticsOverviewPage.latestPost.analyticsButton.click();
     });
 
+    // 验证概览页面存在三个主要选项卡：Overview / Web traffic / Growth
     test('empty page with all tabs', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPage = new PostAnalyticsPage(page);
 
+        // 三个切换按钮都应可见，确保页面结构完整
         await expect(postAnalyticsPage.overviewButton).toBeVisible();
         await expect(postAnalyticsPage.webTrafficButton).toBeVisible();
         await expect(postAnalyticsPage.growthButton).toBeVisible();
     });
 
+    // 在 Overview -> Web performance 区块点击 "View more" 应进入 Web traffic 视图并显示无访问提示
     test('empty page - overview - web performance - view more', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPage = new PostAnalyticsPage(page);
+        // 点击 Web performance 区块的 “View more” 按钮，进入流量详情页
         await postAnalyticsPage.webPerformanceSection.viewMoreButton.click();
 
         const postAnalyticsWebTrafficPage = new PostAnalyticsWebTrafficPage(page);
+        // 在空数据场景下，web traffic 页面应包含“No visitors in the last 30 days”提示
         await expect(postAnalyticsWebTrafficPage.body).toContainText('No visitors in the last 30 days');
     });
 
+    // 验证 Growth 区块在空数据情况下显示“Free members” 并且数量为 0
     test('empty page - overview - growth', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPage = new PostAnalyticsPage(page);
 
@@ -37,11 +50,14 @@ test.describe('Ghost Admin - Post Analytics - Overview', () => {
         await expect(postAnalyticsPage.growthSection.card).toContainText('0');
     });
 
+    // 在 Overview -> Growth 区块点击 "View more" 应进入 Growth 详情并显示无来源数据提示
     test('empty page - overview - growth - view more', async ({page}) => {
         const postAnalyticsPage = new PostAnalyticsPage(page);
+        // 点击 Growth 卡片的“View more”按钮，进入增长详情页
         await postAnalyticsPage.growthSection.viewMoreButton.click();
 
         const postAnalyticsGrowthPage = new PostAnalyticsGrowthPage(page);
+        // 在空数据场景下，top sources 卡片应展示“No sources data available”提示
         await expect(postAnalyticsGrowthPage.topSourcesCard).toContainText('No sources data available');
     });
 });
diff --git a/ghost/admin/app/components/admin-x/activitypub.js b/ghost/admin/app/components/admin-x/activitypub.js
index ba8a37c..0b75a64 100644
--- a/ghost/admin/app/components/admin-x/activitypub.js
+++ b/ghost/admin/app/components/admin-x/activitypub.js
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 import AdminXComponent from './admin-x-component';
 import {inject as service} from '@ember/service';
 
+// AdminXActivityPub 继承自 AdminXComponent，提供与 ActivityPub（社交网络功能）相关的绑定和属性。
 export default class AdminXActivityPub extends AdminXComponent {
+    // 注入 upgradeStatus 服务，用于查询或响应系统升级状态（保留以备使用或观察）。
     @service upgradeStatus;
+    // 注入 settings 服务，包含站点设置（例如 socialWebEnabled 标志）。
     @service settings;
 
+    // 指定该组件所属的 NPM 包名，供框架或调试时识别来源。
     static packageName = '@tryghost/admin-x-activitypub';
 
+    // additionalProps 返回一个对象，这些属性会传递给子组件或渲染模板。
+    // 这里我们暴露了 activityPubEnabled，基于 settings 服务中的 socialWebEnabled 标志。
     additionalProps = () => ({
+        // activityPubEnabled: 布尔值，指示是否启用了社交网络（ActivityPub）功能。
         activityPubEnabled: this.settings.socialWebEnabled
     });
 }
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/api/endpoints/posts.js b/ghost/core/core/server/api/endpoints/posts.js
index 1732e9c..b8f3f84 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/api/endpoints/posts.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/api/endpoints/posts.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 const urlUtils = require('../../../shared/url-utils');
 const models = require('../../models');
 const getPostServiceInstance = require('../../services/posts/posts-service');
-const allowedIncludes = [
+const allowedIncludes = [ //允许包含的关联数据
     'tags',
     'authors',
     'authors.roles',
@@ -18,12 +18,13 @@ const allowedIncludes = [
     'post_revisions',
     'post_revisions.author'
 ];
-const unsafeAttrs = ['status', 'authors', 'visibility'];
+const unsafeAttrs = ['status', 'authors', 'visibility'];  //不安全属性列表
 
-const postsService = getPostServiceInstance();
+const postsService = getPostServiceInstance(); //文章服务实例
 
 /**
  * @param {string} event
+ * 根据文章状态变更事件生成缓存失效头信息
  */
 function getCacheHeaderFromEventString(event, dto) {
     if (event === 'published_updated' || event === 'unpublished') {
@@ -44,76 +45,98 @@ function getCacheHeaderFromEventString(event, dto) {
     }
 }
 
-/** @type {import('@tryghost/api-framework').Controller} */
+/**
+ * Ghost CMS 文章 API 控制器
+ * 提供对文章的各种操作的api 控制器
+ * 这个控制器实现了完整的文章 CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）操作，
+ * 以及批量操作、数据导出等高级功能。它遵循 Ghost API 框架规范，
+ * 每个端点都包含完整的配置：权限控制、参数验证、缓存管理等。
+ * 
+ * @type {import('@tryghost/api-framework').Controller}
+ */
 const controller = {
+    // 控制器文档名称，用于 API 文档生成
     docName: 'posts',
+    
+    /**
+     * 获取文章列表端点
+     * 支持分页、过滤、排序、字段选择等高级查询功能
+     */
     browse: {
         headers: {
-            cacheInvalidate: false
+            cacheInvalidate: false  // 列表查询不缓存失效
         },
         options: [
-            'include',
-            'filter',
-            'fields',
-            'collection',
-            'formats',
-            'limit',
-            'order',
-            'page',
-            'debug',
-            'absolute_urls'
+            'include',      // 包含关联数据（标签、作者等）
+            'filter',       // 过滤条件
+            'fields',       // 选择返回字段
+            'collection',   // 集合过滤
+            'formats',      // 内容格式
+            'limit',        // 分页大小
+            'order',        // 排序方式
+            'page',         // 页码
+            'debug',        // 调试模式
+            'absolute_urls' // 绝对URL
         ],
         validation: {
             options: {
                 include: {
-                    values: allowedIncludes
+                    values: allowedIncludes  // 只允许预定义的关联数据
                 },
                 formats: {
-                    values: models.Post.allowedFormats
+                    values: models.Post.allowedFormats  // 只允许支持的格式
                 }
             }
         },
         permissions: {
-            unsafeAttrs: unsafeAttrs
+            unsafeAttrs: unsafeAttrs  // 限制不安全属性修改
         },
         query(frame) {
-            return postsService.browsePosts(frame.options);
+            return postsService.browsePosts(frame.options);  // 调用服务层
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 导出文章分析数据为 CSV 格式
+     * 用于数据分析和报表生成
+     */
     exportCSV: {
         options: [
-            'limit',
-            'filter',
-            'order'
+            'limit',    // 导出数量限制
+            'filter',   // 过滤条件
+            'order'     // 排序方式
         ],
         headers: {
             disposition: {
-                type: 'csv',
+                type: 'csv',  // 文件类型
                 value() {
                     const datetime = (new Date()).toJSON().substring(0, 10);
-                    return `post-analytics.${datetime}.csv`;
+                    return `post-analytics.${datetime}.csv`;  // 带时间戳的文件名
                 }
             },
-            cacheInvalidate: false
+            cacheInvalidate: false  // 导出操作不缓存失效
         },
         response: {
-            format: 'plain'
+            format: 'plain'  // 纯文本响应格式
         },
         permissions: {
-            method: 'browse'
+            method: 'browse'  // 复用浏览权限
         },
         validation: {},
         async query(frame) {
             return {
-                data: await postsService.export(frame)
+                data: await postsService.export(frame)  // 调用导出服务
             };
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 获取单篇文章详情
+     * 支持通过 ID、slug 或 UUID 查询
+     */
     read: {
         headers: {
-            cacheInvalidate: false
+            cacheInvalidate: false  // 单篇文章查询不缓存失效
         },
         options: [
             'include',
@@ -121,14 +144,14 @@ const controller = {
             'formats',
             'debug',
             'absolute_urls',
-            // NOTE: only for internal context
-            'forUpdate',
-            'transacting'
+            // 内部上下文专用选项
+            'forUpdate',    // 用于更新操作
+            'transacting'    // 事务处理
         ],
         data: [
-            'id',
-            'slug',
-            'uuid'
+            'id',    // 文章ID
+            'slug',  // 文章别名
+            'uuid'   // 全局唯一标识
         ],
         validation: {
             options: {
@@ -144,19 +167,23 @@ const controller = {
             unsafeAttrs: unsafeAttrs
         },
         query(frame) {
-            return postsService.readPost(frame);
+            return postsService.readPost(frame);  // 调用读取服务
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 创建新文章
+     * 状态码 201 表示创建成功
+     */
     add: {
-        statusCode: 201,
+        statusCode: 201,  // 创建成功状态码
         headers: {
-            cacheInvalidate: false
+            cacheInvalidate: false  // 默认不缓存失效
         },
         options: [
             'include',
             'formats',
-            'source'
+            'source'  // 内容来源（HTML）
         ],
         validation: {
             options: {
@@ -164,7 +191,7 @@ const controller = {
                     values: allowedIncludes
                 },
                 source: {
-                    values: ['html']
+                    values: ['html']  // 只支持HTML源
                 }
             }
         },
@@ -173,6 +200,7 @@ const controller = {
         },
         async query(frame) {
             const model = await models.Post.add(frame.data.posts[0], frame.options);
+            // 如果文章状态为已发布，则失效所有缓存
             if (model.get('status') === 'published') {
                 frame.setHeader('X-Cache-Invalidate', '/*');
             }
@@ -181,22 +209,26 @@ const controller = {
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 编辑文章
+     * 支持智能缓存失效和事件处理
+     */
     edit: {
         headers: {
             /** @type {boolean | {value: string}} */
-            cacheInvalidate: false
+            cacheInvalidate: false  // 初始不缓存失效
         },
         options: [
             'include',
-            'id',
+            'id',                    // 必须提供文章ID
             'formats',
             'source',
-            'email_segment',
-            'newsletter',
-            'force_rerender',
-            'save_revision',
-            'convert_to_lexical',
-            // NOTE: only for internal context
+            'email_segment',         // 邮件分段
+            'newsletter',            // 新闻稿设置
+            'force_rerender',        // 强制重新渲染
+            'save_revision',         // 保存修订版本
+            'convert_to_lexical',    // 转换为Lexical格式
+            // 内部上下文专用选项
             'forUpdate',
             'transacting'
         ],
@@ -206,7 +238,7 @@ const controller = {
                     values: allowedIncludes
                 },
                 id: {
-                    required: true
+                    required: true  // ID为必填项
                 },
                 source: {
                     values: ['html']
@@ -218,12 +250,13 @@ const controller = {
         },
         async query(frame) {
             let model = await postsService.editPost(frame, {
+                // 事件处理器，根据文章状态变更智能处理缓存
                 eventHandler: (event, dto) => {
                     const cacheInvalidate = getCacheHeaderFromEventString(event, dto);
                     if (cacheInvalidate === true) {
-                        frame.setHeader('X-Cache-Invalidate', '/*');
+                        frame.setHeader('X-Cache-Invalidate', '/*');  // 失效所有缓存
                     } else if (cacheInvalidate?.value) {
-                        frame.setHeader('X-Cache-Invalidate', cacheInvalidate.value);
+                        frame.setHeader('X-Cache-Invalidate', cacheInvalidate.value);  // 失效特定URL缓存
                     }
                 }
             });
@@ -232,62 +265,74 @@ const controller = {
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 批量编辑文章
+     * 基于过滤条件对多篇文章执行相同操作
+     */
     bulkEdit: {
-        statusCode: 200,
+        statusCode: 200,  // 操作成功状态码
         headers: {
-            cacheInvalidate: true
+            cacheInvalidate: true  // 批量操作需要缓存失效
         },
         options: [
-            'filter'
+            'filter'  // 必须提供过滤条件
         ],
         data: [
-            'action',
-            'meta'
+            'action',  // 操作类型（必填）
+            'meta'     // 操作元数据
         ],
         validation: {
             data: {
                 action: {
-                    required: true
+                    required: true  // 操作类型为必填项
                 }
             },
             options: {
                 filter: {
-                    required: true
+                    required: true  // 过滤条件为必填项
                 }
             }
         },
         permissions: {
-            method: 'edit'
+            method: 'edit'  // 复用编辑权限
         },
         async query(frame) {
             return await postsService.bulkEdit(frame.data.bulk, frame.options);
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 批量删除文章
+     * 基于过滤条件删除多篇文章
+     */
     bulkDestroy: {
         statusCode: 200,
         headers: {
-            cacheInvalidate: true
+            cacheInvalidate: true  // 删除操作需要缓存失效
         },
         options: [
-            'filter'
+            'filter'  // 必须提供过滤条件
         ],
         permissions: {
-            method: 'destroy'
+            method: 'destroy'  // 复用删除权限
         },
         async query(frame) {
             return await postsService.bulkDestroy(frame.options);
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 删除单篇文章
+     * 状态码 204 表示无内容返回（删除成功）
+     */
     destroy: {
-        statusCode: 204,
+        statusCode: 204,  // 删除成功状态码（无内容）
         headers: {
-            cacheInvalidate: true
+            cacheInvalidate: true  // 删除操作需要缓存失效
         },
         options: [
             'include',
-            'id'
+            'id'  // 必须提供文章ID
         ],
         validation: {
             options: {
@@ -295,7 +340,7 @@ const controller = {
                     values: allowedIncludes
                 },
                 id: {
-                    required: true
+                    required: true  // ID为必填项
                 }
             }
         },
@@ -303,34 +348,39 @@ const controller = {
             unsafeAttrs: unsafeAttrs
         },
         query(frame) {
-            return models.Post.destroy({...frame.options, require: true});
+            return models.Post.destroy({...frame.options, require: true});  // 直接调用模型层
         }
     },
 
+    /**
+     * 复制文章
+     * 创建文章的副本，保留原文章内容但生成新的标识
+     */
     copy: {
-        statusCode: 201,
+        statusCode: 201,  // 创建成功状态码
         headers: {
             location: {
+                // 生成复制后文章的位置URL
                 resolve: postsService.generateCopiedPostLocationFromUrl
             },
-            cacheInvalidate: false
+            cacheInvalidate: false  // 复制操作不缓存失效
         },
         options: [
-            'id',
-            'formats'
+            'id',       // 必须提供原文章ID
+            'formats'   // 内容格式
         ],
         validation: {
             id: {
-                required: true
+                required: true  // ID为必填项
             }
         },
         permissions: {
-            method: 'add'
+            method: 'add'  // 复用添加权限
         },
         async query(frame) {
-            return postsService.copyPost(frame);
+            return postsService.copyPost(frame);  // 调用复制服务
         }
     }
 };
 
-module.exports = controller;
+module.exports = controller;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/DatabaseStateManager.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/DatabaseStateManager.js
index 008d156..8f67951 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/DatabaseStateManager.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/DatabaseStateManager.js
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ const metrics = require('@tryghost/metrics');
 
 const sentry = require('../../../shared/sentry');
 
-const states = {
+const states = { //定义数据库状态
     READY: 0,
     NEEDS_INITIALISATION: 1,
     NEEDS_MIGRATION: 2,
     ERROR: 3
 };
 
-const printState = ({state}) => {
+const printState = ({state}) => {  //打印当前数据库状态
     if (state === states.READY) {
         logging.info('Database is in a ready state.');
     }
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ class DatabaseStateManager {
         });
     }
 
-    async getState() {
+    async getState() {  //获得当前数据库状态
         let state = states.READY;
         try {
             await this.knexMigrator.isDatabaseOK();
             return state;
-        } catch (error) {
+        } catch (error) {  //对错误状态进行处理
             // CASE: database has not yet been initialized
             if (error.code === 'DB_NOT_INITIALISED') {
                 state = states.NEEDS_INITIALISATION;
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ class DatabaseStateManager {
                 });
             }
 
-            sentry.captureException(errorToThrow);
+            sentry.captureException(errorToThrow);//记录错误信息
             throw errorToThrow;
         }
     }
 
-    async makeReady() {
+    async makeReady() { //将数据库状态设置为READY
         try {
             let state = await this.getState();
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class DatabaseStateManager {
             state = await this.getState();
 
             printState({state});
-        } catch (error) {
+        } catch (error) { //对错误状态进行处理 
             let errorToThrow = error;
             if (!errors.utils.isGhostError(error)) {
                 errorToThrow = new errors.InternalServerError({
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/backup.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/backup.js
index 55c99ab..758e1f0 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/backup.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/backup.js
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const exporter = require('../exporter');
  * @param {object} exportResult
  * @param {string} exportResult.filename
  * @param {object} exportResult.data
+ * 文件写入功能
  */
 const writeExportFile = async (exportResult) => {
     const filename = path.resolve(urlUtils.urlJoin(config.get('paths').contentPath, 'data', exportResult.filename));
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@ const writeExportFile = async (exportResult) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * @param {string} filename
+ * @param {string} fileName
+ * 文件读取功能
  */
 const readBackup = async (filename) => {
     const parsedFileName = path.parse(filename);
@@ -43,10 +45,11 @@ const readBackup = async (filename) => {
  *
  * @param {Object} options
  * @returns {Promise<String> | null}
+ * 数据库备份功能
  */
 const backup = async function backup(options = {}) {
     // do not create backup if disabled in config (this is intended for large customers who will OOM node)
-    if (config.get('disableJSBackups')) {
+    if (config.get('disableJSBackups')) {  //检查是否禁用了备份功能
         logging.info('Database backup is disabled in Ghost config');
         return null;
     }
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/connection.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/connection.js
index 5933e89..ebd6a88 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/connection.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/db/connection.js
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ const config = require('../../../shared/config');
 const errors = require('@tryghost/errors');
 
 /** @type {knex.Knex} */
-let knexInstance;
+let knexInstance;  //执行的时候才会被赋予一个Knex实例
 
 // @TODO:
 // - if you require this file before config file was loaded,
 // - then this file is cached and you have no chance to connect to the db anymore
 // - bring dynamic into this file (db.connect())
 function configure(dbConfig) {
-    const client = dbConfig.client;
+    const client = dbConfig.client;  //获取但概念的客户端
 
-    if (client === 'sqlite3') {
-        // Backwards compatibility with old knex behaviour
+    if (client === 'sqlite3') {  //向后兼容性，如果使用的是sqlite3客户端
+        // Backwards compatibility with old knex behaviour  
         dbConfig.useNullAsDefault = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(dbConfig, 'useNullAsDefault') ? dbConfig.useNullAsDefault : true;
 
         // Enables foreign key checks and delete on cascade
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ function configure(dbConfig) {
         // In the default SQLite test config we set the path to /tmp/ghost-test.db,
         // but this won't work on Windows, so we need to replace the /tmp bit with
         // the Windows temp folder
+        // 在windows系统下的兼容性处理
         const filename = dbConfig.connection.filename;
         if (process.platform === 'win32' && _.isString(filename) && filename.match(/^\/tmp/)) {
             dbConfig.connection.filename = filename.replace(/^\/tmp/, os.tmpdir());
@@ -47,18 +48,19 @@ function configure(dbConfig) {
 
     if (client === 'mysql2') {
         dbConfig.connection.timezone = 'Z';
-        dbConfig.connection.charset = 'utf8mb4';
-        dbConfig.connection.decimalNumbers = true;
+        dbConfig.connection.charset = 'utf8mb4';   //编码方式的设置
+        dbConfig.connection.decimalNumbers = true; //是否将MySQL的DECIMAL类型转换为JavaScript的Number类型
 
-        if (process.env.REQUIRE_INFILE_STREAM) {
-            if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' || process.env.ALLOW_INFILE_STREAM) {
+        if (process.env.REQUIRE_INFILE_STREAM) {  //是否要求启用infile流
+            if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' || process.env.ALLOW_INFILE_STREAM) { //如果是在开发环境下，或者允许启用infile流
                 dbConfig.connection.infileStreamFactory = path => fs.createReadStream(path);
-            } else {
+            } else {//如果不是在开发环境下，并且不允许启用infile流
                 throw new errors.InternalServerError({message: 'MySQL infile streaming is required to run the current process, but is not allowed. Run the script in development mode or set ALLOW_INFILE_STREAM=1.'});
             }
         }
     }
-
+    //如果前两个if都没成功的话，就会返回原始的dbConfig对象
+    //返回数据库配置对象
     return dbConfig;
 }
 
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/export-filename.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/export-filename.js
index c2564d9..4e997e3 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/export-filename.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/export-filename.js
@@ -1,32 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * 数据库导出文件名生成模块
+ * 
+ * 负责为 Ghost 数据库备份文件生成智能、安全的文件名
+ * 文件名格式：{站点标题}.ghost.{时间戳}.json
+ * 
+ * @module exporter/export-filename
+ */
+
 const _ = require('lodash');
 const logging = require('@tryghost/logging');
 const errors = require('@tryghost/errors');
 const security = require('@tryghost/security');
 const models = require('../../models');
 
+/**
+ * 数据库模型查询选项配置
+ * 使用内部上下文权限访问设置数据
+ */
 const modelOptions = {context: {internal: true}};
 
+/**
+ * 生成数据库导出文件的文件名
+ * 
+ * 文件名生成规则：
+ * 1. 如果提供了自定义文件名，直接使用
+ * 2. 否则生成格式：{站点标题}.ghost.{年-月-日-时-分-秒}.json
+ * 3. 包含安全过滤和错误处理机制
+ * 
+ * @param {Object} [options] - 配置选项
+ * @param {string} [options.filename] - 自定义文件名（不含后缀）
+ * @param {Object} [options.transacting] - 事务对象
+ * @returns {Promise<string>} 生成的完整文件名（包含 .json 后缀）
+ *  
+ */
 const exportFileName = async function exportFileName(options) {
+    // 生成当前时间戳，格式：年-月-日-时-分-秒
     const datetime = require('moment')().format('YYYY-MM-DD-HH-mm-ss');
-    let title = '';
+    let title = ''; // 站点标题部分，默认为空
 
+    // 确保 options 参数不为空
     options = options || {};
-
-    // custom filename
-    if (options.filename) {
+ 
+    if (options.filename) {   //对文件名进行处理
         return options.filename + '.json';
     }
 
     try {
-        const settingsTitle = await models.Settings.findOne({key: 'title'}, _.merge({}, modelOptions, _.pick(options, 'transacting')));
+        /**
+         * 从数据库查询站点标题设置
+         * 使用内部权限上下文，支持事务传递
+         */
+        const settingsTitle = await models.Settings.findOne(
+            {key: 'title'}, 
+            _.merge({}, modelOptions, _.pick(options, 'transacting'))
+        );
 
-        if (settingsTitle) {
-            title = security.string.safe(settingsTitle.get('value')) + '.';
+        // 如果成功获取到站点标题，进行安全过滤处理
+        if (settingsTitle) { 
+            title = security.string.safe(settingsTitle.get('value')) + '.';  //对站点标题进行安全性过滤，移除一些可能会出问题的字符
         }
 
-        return title + 'ghost.' + datetime + '.json';
-    } catch (err) {
-        logging.error(new errors.InternalServerError({err: err}));
+        return title + 'ghost.' + datetime + '.json';   //返回完整的文件名格式
+    } catch (err) { 
+        logging.error(new errors.InternalServerError({err: err}));  //错误处理机制，记录错误日志
+        
+        // 错误情况下返回默认文件名：ghost.{时间戳}.json
         return 'ghost.' + datetime + '.json';
     }
 };
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/exporter.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/exporter.js
index 846ccc4..1dcb247 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/exporter.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/exporter.js
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ const {sequence} = require('@tryghost/promise');
 const messages = {
     errorExportingData: 'Error exporting data'
 };
-
+//负责将数据库内容到处为可移植的json格式
 const {
     TABLES_ALLOWLIST,
     SETTING_KEYS_BLOCKLIST
 } = require('./table-lists');
 
-const exportTable = function exportTable(tableName, options) {
+const exportTable = function exportTable(tableName, options) {//单表导出函数
     if (TABLES_ALLOWLIST.includes(tableName) ||
         (options.include && _.isArray(options.include) && options.include.indexOf(tableName) !== -1)) {
         const query = (options.transacting || db.knex)(tableName);
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ const exportTable = function exportTable(tableName, options) {
     }
 };
 
-const getSettingsTableData = function getSettingsTableData(settingsData) {
+const getSettingsTableData = function getSettingsTableData(settingsData) { //数据过滤函数，移除黑名单中的设置项
     return settingsData && settingsData.filter((setting) => {
         return !SETTING_KEYS_BLOCKLIST.includes(setting.key);
     });
 };
 
-const doExport = async function doExport(options) {
-    options = options || {include: []};
+const doExport = async function doExport(options) {//导出主函数
+    options = options || {include: []};//默认选项，包含所有表
 
     try {
         const tables = await commands.getTables(options.transacting);
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const doExport = async function doExport(options) {
         }));
 
         const exportData = {
-            meta: {
+            meta: { //导出元数据，包含导出时间和Ghost版本
                 exported_on: new Date().getTime(),
                 version: ghostVersion.full
             },
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/table-lists.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/table-lists.js
index 571721a..728fb85 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/table-lists.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/exporter/table-lists.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // NOTE: these tables can be optionally included to have full db-like export
+//比较重要的表，需要导出进行操作
 const BACKUP_TABLES = [
     'actions',
     'api_keys',
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/handlers/image.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/handlers/image.js
index af9cf52..2234724 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/handlers/image.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/handlers/image.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ const config = require('../../../../shared/config');
 const urlUtils = require('../../../../shared/url-utils');
 const storage = require('../../../adapters/storage');
 let ImageHandler;
-
+//各种类型文本的导入处理程序
 ImageHandler = {
     type: 'images',
     extensions: config.get('uploads').images.extensions,
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/import-manager.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/import-manager.js
index af80de9..e96fb1f 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/import-manager.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/importer/import-manager.js
@@ -52,10 +52,12 @@ let defaults = {
     contentTypes: ['application/zip', 'application/x-zip-compressed'],
     directories: []
 };
-
+/* 导入管理类，负责处理从各种格式的文件导入数据到Ghost系统的完整流程。
+ * 负责导入图片、媒体文件、内容文件、Revue数据、JSON数据、Markdown数据等。
+*/
 class ImportManager {
     constructor() {
-        const mediaHandler = new ImporterContentFileHandler({
+        const mediaHandler = new ImporterContentFileHandler({//媒体文件导入处理程序
             type: 'media',
             // @NOTE: making the second parameter strict folder "content/media" brakes the glob pattern
             //        in the importer, so we need to keep it as general "content" unless
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ class ImportManager {
             storage: mediaStorage
         });
 
-        const filesHandler = new ImporterContentFileHandler({
+        const filesHandler = new ImporterContentFileHandler({//文件导入处理程序
             type: 'files',
             // @NOTE: making the second parameter strict folder "content/files" brakes the glob pattern
             //        in the importer, so we need to keep it as general "content" unless
@@ -82,12 +84,12 @@ class ImportManager {
             urlUtils: urlUtils,
             storage: fileStorage
         });
-
-        const imageImporter = new ContentFileImporter({
+        //导入器初始化
+        const imageImporter = new ContentFileImporter({ 
             type: 'images',
             store: imageStorage
         });
-        const mediaImporter = new ContentFileImporter({
+        const mediaImporter = new ContentFileImporter({ 
             type: 'media',
             store: mediaStorage
         });
@@ -98,25 +100,25 @@ class ImportManager {
         });
 
         /**
-         * @type {Importer[]} importers
+         * @type {Importer[]} importers 导入器数组，包含图片导入器、媒体文件导入器、内容文件导入器、Revue导入器和数据导入器。
          */
         this.importers = [imageImporter, mediaImporter, contentFilesImporter, RevueImporter, DataImporter];
 
         /**
-         * @type {Handler[]}
+         * @type {Handler[]} handlers 处理程序数组，包含图片处理程序、媒体文件处理程序、文件处理程序、Revue处理程序和JSON处理程序。
          */
         this.handlers = [ImageHandler, mediaHandler, filesHandler, RevueHandler, JSONHandler, MarkdownHandler];
 
         // Keep track of file to cleanup at the end
         /**
-         * @type {?string}
+         * @type {?string} fileToDelete 待删除的文件路径，初始值为null。
          */
         this.fileToDelete = null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get an array of all the file extensions for which we have handlers
-     * @returns {string[]}
+     * @returns {string[]} extensions 所有支持的文件扩展名数组。
      */
     getExtensions() {
         return _.union(_.flatMap(this.handlers, 'extensions'), defaults.extensions);
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ class ImportManager {
 
     /**
      * Get an array of all the mime types for which we have handlers
-     * @returns {string[]}
+     * @returns {string[]} contentTypes 所有支持的文件MIME类型数组。
      */
     getContentTypes() {
         return _.union(_.flatMap(this.handlers, 'contentTypes'), defaults.contentTypes);
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ class ImportManager {
 
     /**
      * Get an array of directories for which we have handlers
-     * @returns {string[]}
+     * @returns {string[]} directories 所有支持的文件目录数组。
      */
     getDirectories() {
         return _.union(_.flatMap(this.handlers, 'directories'), defaults.directories);
@@ -140,8 +142,8 @@ class ImportManager {
 
     /**
      * Convert items into a glob string
-     * @param {String[]} items
-     * @returns {String}
+     * @param {String[]} items 要转换的文件扩展名数组。
+     * @returns {String} globPattern 转换后的文件扩展名glob模式字符串。
      */
     getGlobPattern(items) {
         return '+(' + _.reduce(items, function (memo, ext) {
@@ -150,9 +152,9 @@ class ImportManager {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param {String[]} extensions
-     * @param {Number} [level]
-     * @returns {String}
+     * @param {String[]} extensions 要匹配的文件扩展名数组。
+     * @param {Number} [level=ROOT_OR_SINGLE_DIR] 匹配级别，默认值为ROOT_OR_SINGLE_DIR。
+     * @returns {String} globPattern 转换后的文件扩展名glob模式字符串。
      */
     getExtensionGlob(extensions, level) {
         const prefix = level === ALL_DIRS ? '**/*' :
@@ -163,9 +165,9 @@ class ImportManager {
 
     /**
      *
-     * @param {String[]} directories
-     * @param {Number} [level]
-     * @returns {String}
+     * @param {String[]} directories 要匹配的文件目录数组。
+     * @param {Number} [level=ROOT_OR_SINGLE_DIR] 匹配级别，默认值为ROOT_OR_SINGLE_DIR。
+     * @returns {String} globPattern 转换后的文件目录glob模式字符串。
      */
     getDirectoryGlob(directories, level) {
         const prefix = level === ALL_DIRS ? '**/' :
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/commands.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/commands.js
index d0ed9f4..e46d977 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/commands.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/commands.js
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ async function dropUnique(tableName, columns, transaction = db.knex) {
         });
     } catch (err) {
         if (err.code === 'SQLITE_ERROR') {
-logging.warn(`Constraint for '${columns}' does not exist for table '${tableName}'`);
+            logging.warn(`Constraint for '${columns}' does not exist for table '${tableName}'`);
             return;
         }
         if (err.code === 'ER_CANT_DROP_FIELD_OR_KEY') {
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/default-settings/index.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/default-settings/index.js
index b83d391..bf6eb87 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/default-settings/index.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/default-settings/index.js
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ const defaultSettingsPath = config.get('paths').defaultSettings;
 const defaultSettings = require(defaultSettingsPath);
 
 module.exports = defaultSettings;
+//一些默认配置文件
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/fixtures/FixtureManager.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/fixtures/FixtureManager.js
index a763cdf..ee404b8 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/fixtures/FixtureManager.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/fixtures/FixtureManager.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-const _ = require('lodash');
+const _ = require('lodash');  //引入lodash库，用于处理数组、对象等数据结构
 const logging = require('@tryghost/logging');
 const {sequence} = require('@tryghost/promise');
 
 const models = require('../../../models');
 const baseUtils = require('../../../models/base/utils');
 
-const moment = require('moment');
-
-class FixtureManager {
+const moment = require('moment'); 
+//把写在 JSON/JS 里的“蓝图”变成真正的数据库记录，并建立好它们之间的关联。
+class FixtureManager { 
     /**
      * Create a new FixtureManager instance
      *
@@ -194,22 +194,23 @@ class FixtureManager {
      * @param {String} objName
      * @returns {Object} fixture relation
      */
+    /**
+     * 查找特定对象的权限关系
+     * 
+     * 用于设置角色权限，如：管理员对文章有所有权限
+     */
     findPermissionRelationsForObject(objName, role) {
-        // Make a copy and delete any entries we don't want
-        const foundRelation = _.cloneDeep(this.findRelationFixture('Role', 'Permission'));
-
+        const foundRelation = this.findRelationFixture('Role', 'Permission');
+        
+        // 过滤只保留指定对象的权限
         _.each(foundRelation.entries, (entry, key) => {
             _.each(entry, (perm, obj) => {
                 if (obj !== objName) {
-                    delete entry[obj];
+                    delete entry[obj];  // 移除其他对象权限
                 }
             });
-
-            if (_.isEmpty(entry) || (role && role !== key)) {
-                delete foundRelation.entries[key];
-            }
         });
-
+        
         return foundRelation;
     }
 
@@ -382,52 +383,49 @@ class FixtureManager {
      * @param {{from, to, entries}} relationFixture
      * @returns {Promise<any>}
      */
+    /**
+     * 创建模型之间的关联关系
+     * 
+     * 处理多对多、一对多等复杂关系
+     * 避免重复关联：检查是否已存在相同关系
+     * 
+     * @param {{from, to, entries}} relationFixture - 关系配置
+     */
     async addFixturesForRelation(relationFixture, options) {
-        const ops = [];
-        let max = 0;
-
+        // 获取关联双方的现有数据
         const data = await this.fetchRelationData(relationFixture, options);
-
+        
         _.each(relationFixture.entries, (entry, key) => {
-            const fromItem = data.from.find(FixtureManager.matchFunc(relationFixture.from.match, key));
-
-            // CASE: You add new fixtures e.g. a new role in a new release.
-            // As soon as an **older** migration script wants to add permissions for any resource, it iterates over the
-            // permissions for each role. But if the role does not exist yet, it won't find the matching db entry and breaks.
-            if (!fromItem) {
-                logging.warn('Skip: Target database entry not found for key: ' + key);
-                return Promise.resolve();
-            }
-
+            // 查找源模型
+            const fromItem = data.from.find(
+                FixtureManager.matchFunc(relationFixture.from.match, key)
+            );
+            
             _.each(entry, (value, entryKey) => {
-                let toItems = data.to.filter(FixtureManager.matchFunc(relationFixture.to.match, entryKey, value));
-                max += toItems.length;
-
-                // Remove any duplicates that already exist in the collection
+                // 查找目标模型
+                let toItems = data.to.filter(
+                    FixtureManager.matchFunc(relationFixture.to.match, entryKey, value)
+                );
+                
+                // 移除已存在的关联（避免重复）
                 toItems = _.reject(toItems, (item) => {
-                    return fromItem
-                        .related(relationFixture.from.relation)
-                        .find((model) => {
-                            const objectToMatch = FixtureManager.matchObj(relationFixture.to.match, item);
-                            return Object.keys(objectToMatch).every((keyToCheck) => {
-                                return model.get(keyToCheck) === objectToMatch[keyToCheck];
-                            });
-                        });
+                    return fromItem.related(relationFixture.from.relation)
+                        .find((model) => /* 检查是否已关联 */);
                 });
-
-                if (toItems && toItems.length > 0) {
-                    ops.push(function addRelationItems() {
-                        return baseUtils.attach(
-                            models[relationFixture.from.Model || relationFixture.from.model],
-                            fromItem.id,
-                            relationFixture.from.relation,
-                            toItems,
-                            options
-                        );
-                    });
+                
+                // 创建新关联
+                if (toItems.length > 0) {
+                    ops.push(() => baseUtils.attach(
+                        models[relationFixture.from.model],
+                        fromItem.id,
+                        relationFixture.from.relation,
+                        toItems,
+                        options
+                    ));
                 }
             });
         });
+    }
 
         const result = await sequence(ops);
         return {expected: max, done: _(result).map('length').sum()};
@@ -472,4 +470,4 @@ class FixtureManager {
     }
 }
 
-module.exports = FixtureManager;
+module.exports = FixtureManager;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/schema.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/schema.js
index 79b0222..98f3124 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/schema.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/schema.js
@@ -116,45 +116,45 @@ module.exports = {
             ['slug', 'type'] // 唯一约束：同一类型的文章不能有相同的slug
         ]
     },
-    posts_meta: {
-        id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
-        post_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, references: 'posts.id', unique: true},
-        og_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
-        og_title: {type: 'string', maxlength: 300, nullable: true},
-        og_description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 500, nullable: true},
-        twitter_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
-        twitter_title: {type: 'string', maxlength: 300, nullable: true},
-        twitter_description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 500, nullable: true},
-        meta_title: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 300}}},
-        meta_description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 500}}},
-        email_subject: {type: 'string', maxlength: 300, nullable: true},
-        frontmatter: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},
-        feature_image_alt: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 191}}},
-        feature_image_caption: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},
-        email_only: {type: 'boolean', nullable: false, defaultTo: false}
+    posts_meta: {  //用于存储文章的额外元数据
+        id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},//主键ID，唯一标识文章元数据
+        post_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, references: 'posts.id', unique: true}, // 关联的文章ID，唯一标识
+        og_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true}, // Open Graph 图片URL
+        og_title: {type: 'string', maxlength: 300, nullable: true}, // Open Graph 标题，最大300字符
+        og_description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 500, nullable: true}, // Open Graph 描述，最大500字符
+        twitter_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true}, // Twitter 图片URL
+        twitter_title: {type: 'string', maxlength: 300, nullable: true}, // Twitter 标题，最大300字符
+        twitter_description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 500, nullable: true}, // Twitter 描述，最大500字符
+        meta_title: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 300}}},// SEO 标题，最大300字符
+        meta_description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 500}}},// SEO 描述，最大500字符
+        email_subject: {type: 'string', maxlength: 300, nullable: true},// 邮件主题，最大300字符
+        frontmatter: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},// 文章的Frontmatter内容，用于自定义元数据
+        feature_image_alt: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 191}}},// 封面图替代文本，最大191字符
+        feature_image_caption: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},// 封面图标题，用于图片描述
+        email_only: {type: 'boolean', nullable: false, defaultTo: false}, // 是否仅通过邮件发送，默认为否
     },
     // NOTE: this is the staff table
     users: {
-        id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
-        name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false},
-        slug: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, unique: true},
-        password: {type: 'string', maxlength: 60, nullable: false},
-        email: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, unique: true, validations: {isEmail: true}},
-        profile_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
-        cover_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
-        bio: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 250}}},
-        website: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isEmptyOrURL: true}},
-        location: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 150}}},
-        facebook: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
+        id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},//主键ID，唯一标识用户
+        name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false}, // 用户名
+        slug: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, unique: true},//用户slug，唯一标识
+        password: {type: 'string', maxlength: 60, nullable: false},//用户密码 
+        email: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, unique: true, validations: {isEmail: true}},//用户邮箱，唯一标识
+        profile_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},// 用户头像URL
+        cover_image: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},//用户封面图URL 
+        bio: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 250}}},//用户简介，最大250字符
+        website: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isEmptyOrURL: true}},//用户网站URL
+        location: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 150}}},//用户位置，最大150字符
+        facebook: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},//用户Facebook链接
         twitter: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
-        threads: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        bluesky: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        mastodon: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        tiktok: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        youtube: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        instagram: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        linkedin: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        accessibility: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},
+        threads: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},//用户Threads链接
+        bluesky: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},//用户Bluesky链接
+        mastodon: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},//用户Mastodon链接
+        tiktok: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},//用户TikTok链接
+        youtube: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},    //用户YouTube链接
+        instagram: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},//用户Instagram链接
+        linkedin: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},//用户LinkedIn链接
+        accessibility: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},//用户可访问性设置
         status: {
             type: 'string',
             maxlength: 50,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ module.exports = {
             }
         },
         // NOTE: unused at the moment and reserved for future features
-        locale: {type: 'string', maxlength: 6, nullable: true},
+        locale: {type: 'string', maxlength: 6, nullable: true},//用户语言设置
         visibility: {
             type: 'string',
             maxlength: 50,
@@ -197,25 +197,25 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    posts_authors: {
+    posts_authors: { // 文章作者关联表
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         post_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, references: 'posts.id'},
         author_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, references: 'users.id'},
         sort_order: {type: 'integer', nullable: false, unsigned: true, defaultTo: 0}
     },
-    roles: {
+    roles: {// 角色
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 50, nullable: false, unique: true},
         description: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true},
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    roles_users: {
+    roles_users: { // 角色用户关联表
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         role_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false},
         user_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false}
     },
-    permissions: {
+    permissions: {// 权限
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 50, nullable: false, unique: true},
         object_type: {type: 'string', maxlength: 50, nullable: false},
@@ -224,17 +224,17 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    permissions_users: {
+    permissions_users: {// 权限用户关联表 
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         user_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false},
         permission_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false}
     },
-    permissions_roles: {
+    permissions_roles: {// 权限角色关联表 
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         role_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false},
         permission_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false}
     },
-    settings: {
+    settings: {// 设置
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         group: {
             type: 'string',
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    tags: {
+    tags: {// 标签
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, validations: {matches: /^([^,]|$)/}},
         slug: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, unique: true},
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    posts_tags: {
+    posts_tags: {// 文章标签关联表
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         post_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, references: 'posts.id'},
         tag_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, references: 'tags.id'},
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ module.exports = {
             ['post_id','tag_id']
         ]
     },
-    invites: {
+    invites: {  // 邀请
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         role_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false},
         status: {
@@ -332,14 +332,14 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    brute: {
+    brute: {// 暴力破解
         key: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, primary: true},
         firstRequest: {type: 'bigInteger'},
         lastRequest: {type: 'bigInteger'},
         lifetime: {type: 'bigInteger'},
         count: {type: 'integer'}
     },
-    sessions: {
+    sessions: {// 会话
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         session_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 32, nullable: false, unique: true},
         user_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false},
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    integrations: {
+    integrations: {// 集成
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         type: {
             type: 'string',
@@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ module.exports = {
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true}
     },
-    webhooks: {
+    webhooks: {//用于实现事件驱动的外部系统集成，当系统中发生特定时间的时候，会自动向配置的外部url发送http通知
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
-        event: {type: 'string', maxlength: 50, nullable: false, validations: {isLowercase: true}},
-        target_url: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: false},
-        name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
-        secret: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},
+        event: {type: 'string', maxlength: 50, nullable: false, validations: {isLowercase: true}},// 事件类型
+        target_url: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: false},// 目标url
+        name: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},// 名称
+        secret: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: true},// 密钥
         // @NOTE: the defaultTo does not make sense to set on DB layer as it leads to unnecessary maintenance every major release
         //       would be ideal if we can remove the default and instead have "isIn" validation checking if it's a valid version e.g: 'v3', 'v4', 'canary'
         api_version: {type: 'string', maxlength: 50, nullable: false, defaultTo: 'v2'},
@@ -389,14 +389,14 @@ module.exports = {
             nullable: false,
             validations: {isIn: [['content', 'admin']]}
         },
-        secret: {
+        secret: {  //密钥字符串
             type: 'string',
             maxlength: 191,
             nullable: false,
-            unique: true,
+            unique: true,//防止出现重复
             validations: {isLength: {min: 26, max: 128}}
         },
-        role_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: true},
+        role_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: true},   // 角色ID：关联到roles表，定义密钥的权限级别
         // integration_id is nullable to allow "internal" API keys that don't show in the UI
         integration_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: true},
         user_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: true},
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ module.exports = {
         feature_image_caption: {type: 'text', maxlength: 65535, nullable: true},
         custom_excerpt: {type: 'string', maxlength: 2000, nullable: true, validations: {isLength: {max: 300}}}
     },
-    members: {
+    members: {// 会员
         id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 24, nullable: false, primary: true},
         uuid: {type: 'string', maxlength: 36, nullable: false, unique: true, validations: {isUUID: true}},
         transient_id: {type: 'string', maxlength: 191, nullable: false, unique: true},
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ module.exports = {
         last_commented_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true},
         created_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: false},
         updated_at: {type: 'dateTime', nullable: true},
-        '@@INDEXES@@': [
+        '@@INDEXES@@': [  // 索引
             ['email_disabled']
         ]
     },
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/validator.js b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/validator.js
index e844114..fdc5a20 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/validator.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/data/schema/validator.js
@@ -25,28 +25,38 @@ const messages = {
  *
  * ## on model add
  * - validate everything to catch required fields
+ */ 
+/**
+ * 数据库模式验证函数 - 根据schema定义验证模型数据的完整性
+ * 
+ * 这个函数负责验证传入的模型数据是否符合数据库表的schema定义，
+ * 包括数据类型、长度限制、必填字段等约束条件，如果不通过就统一抛错误，防止数据污染
  */
-function validateSchema(tableName, model, options) {
+function validateSchema(tableName, model, options) {  
     options = options || {};
 
-    const columns = _.keys(schema[tableName]);
-    let validationErrors = [];
+    const columns = _.keys(schema[tableName]);  // 获取表中所有列名
+    let validationErrors = [];  // 存储验证错误
 
-    _.each(columns, function each(columnKey) {
+    _.each(columns, function each(columnKey) {    // 遍历表中的每一列进行验证
         let message = ''; // KEEP: Validator.js only validates strings.
+        
+        // 将字段值转换为字符串进行验证（Validator.js只验证字符串）
         const strVal = _.toString(model.get(columnKey));
 
+        // 如果是更新操作且字段未改变，则跳过验证（优化性能）
         if (options.method !== 'insert' && !_.has(model.changed, columnKey)) {
             return;
-        }
-
-        // check nullable
+        } 
+        // ==================== 必填字段验证 ====================
+        // 检查非空约束：字段不可为空、不是text类型、没有默认值
         if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'nullable') &&
-            schema[tableName][columnKey].nullable !== true &&
+            schema[tableName][columnKey].nullable !== true &&  // 字段不可为空
             Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'type') &&
-            schema[tableName][columnKey].type !== 'text' &&
-            !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'defaultTo')
+            schema[tableName][columnKey].type !== 'text' &&     // 排除text类型（允许空字符串）
+            !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'defaultTo')  // 没有默认值
         ) {
+            // 检查字段值是否为空
             if (validator.isEmpty(strVal)) {
                 message = tpl(messages.valueCannotBeBlank, {
                     tableName: tableName,
@@ -54,14 +64,16 @@ function validateSchema(tableName, model, options) {
                 });
                 validationErrors.push(new errors.ValidationError({
                     message: message,
-                    context: tableName + '.' + columnKey
+                    context: tableName + '.' + columnKey  // 错误上下文：表名.字段名
                 }));
             }
-        }
-
-        // validate boolean columns
+        } 
+        // ==================== 布尔字段验证 ====================
+        // 验证布尔类型字段
         if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'type')
             && schema[tableName][columnKey].type === 'boolean') {
+            
+            // 检查值是否为有效的布尔值或空值
             if (!(validator.isBoolean(strVal) || validator.isEmpty(strVal))) {
                 message = tpl(messages.valueMustBeBoolean, {
                     tableName: tableName,
@@ -73,15 +85,18 @@ function validateSchema(tableName, model, options) {
                 }));
             }
 
-            // CASE: ensure we transform 0|1 to false|true
+            // CASE: 确保将0|1转换为false|true（数据标准化）
             if (!validator.isEmpty(strVal)) {
-                model.set(columnKey, !!model.get(columnKey));
+                model.set(columnKey, !!model.get(columnKey));  // 强制转换为布尔值
             }
         }
 
-        // TODO: check if mandatory values should be enforced
+        // TODO: 检查是否应该强制执行必填值
+        // 当字段值不为null或undefined时进行进一步验证
         if (model.get(columnKey) !== null && model.get(columnKey) !== undefined) {
-            // check length
+            
+            // ==================== 长度限制验证 ====================
+            // 检查字段最大长度限制
             if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'maxlength')) {
                 if (!validator.isLength(strVal, 0, schema[tableName][columnKey].maxlength)) {
                     message = tpl(messages.valueExceedsMaxLength,
@@ -97,12 +112,16 @@ function validateSchema(tableName, model, options) {
                 }
             }
 
-            // check validations objects
+            // ==================== 自定义验证规则 ====================
+            // 执行schema中定义的自定义验证规则
             if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'validations')) {
-                validationErrors = validationErrors.concat(validator.validate(strVal, columnKey, schema[tableName][columnKey].validations, tableName));
+                validationErrors = validationErrors.concat(
+                    validator.validate(strVal, columnKey, schema[tableName][columnKey].validations, tableName)
+                );
             }
 
-            // check type
+            // ==================== 数据类型验证 ====================
+            // 检查整数类型字段
             if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(schema[tableName][columnKey], 'type')) {
                 if (schema[tableName][columnKey].type === 'integer' && !validator.isInt(strVal)) {
                     message = tpl(messages.valueIsNotInteger, {
@@ -118,10 +137,13 @@ function validateSchema(tableName, model, options) {
         }
     });
 
+    // ==================== 验证结果处理 ====================
+    // 如果有验证错误，使用Promise.reject返回错误数组
     if (validationErrors.length !== 0) {
         return Promise.reject(validationErrors);
     }
 
+    // 验证通过，返回成功的Promise
     return Promise.resolve();
 }
-module.exports = validateSchema;
+module.exports = validateSchema;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/server/services/posts/posts-service.js b/ghost/core/core/server/services/posts/posts-service.js
index b9d1642..32eff4f 100644
--- a/ghost/core/core/server/services/posts/posts-service.js
+++ b/ghost/core/core/server/services/posts/posts-service.js
@@ -1,47 +1,102 @@
-const PostsService = require('./PostsService');
-const PostsExporter = require('./PostsExporter');
-const url = require('../../../server/api/endpoints/utils/serializers/output/utils/url');
+/**
+ * Ghost CMS 文章服务工厂函数
+ * 
+ * 这个模块负责创建和配置文章服务的单例实例，采用工厂模式和依赖注入设计，
+ * 将各种依赖组件组装成一个完整的文章服务。它确保了服务实例的一致性和可测试性。
+ */
+
+// 导入核心服务组件
+const PostsService = require('./PostsService');          // 主文章业务逻辑服务
+const PostsExporter = require('./PostsExporter');        // 文章导出功能组件
+const url = require('../../../server/api/endpoints/utils/serializers/output/utils/url');  // URL序列化工具
 
 /**
- * @returns {InstanceType<PostsService>} instance of the PostsService
+ * 文章服务工厂函数
+ * 
+ * 这个函数采用延迟加载模式，在需要时才加载依赖模块，避免循环依赖问题。
+ * 它负责组装文章服务所需的所有依赖组件，并返回配置完整的服务实例。
+ * 
+ * @returns {InstanceType<PostsService>} 配置完整的文章服务实例
  */
 const getPostServiceInstance = () => {
-    const urlUtils = require('../../../shared/url-utils');
-    const labs = require('../../../shared/labs');
-    const models = require('../../models');
-    const PostStats = require('./stats/PostStats');
-    const emailService = require('../email-service');
-    const settingsCache = require('../../../shared/settings-cache');
-    const settingsHelpers = require('../settings-helpers');
+    // 延迟加载依赖模块（避免循环依赖）
+    const urlUtils = require('../../../shared/url-utils');           // URL处理工具
+    const labs = require('../../../shared/labs');                   // 功能开关管理（A/B测试、实验性功能）
+    const models = require('../../models');                         // 数据库模型层
+    const PostStats = require('./stats/PostStats');                  // 文章统计服务
+    const emailService = require('../email-service');                // 邮件服务
+    const settingsCache = require('../../../shared/settings-cache'); // 设置缓存
+    const settingsHelpers = require('../settings-helpers');          // 设置辅助工具
 
+    // 实例化文章统计服务
     const postStats = new PostStats();
 
+    /**
+     * 配置文章导出器实例
+     * 
+     * 导出器负责将文章数据转换为CSV等格式，支持数据分析需求。
+     * 配置包括数据库模型映射、URL生成函数和设置相关依赖。
+     */
     const postsExporter = new PostsExporter({
+        // 数据库模型映射
         models: {
-            Post: models.Post,
-            Newsletter: models.Newsletter,
-            Label: models.Label,
-            Product: models.Product
+            Post: models.Post,           // 文章模型
+            Newsletter: models.Newsletter, // 新闻稿模型
+            Label: models.Label,         // 标签模型
+            Product: models.Product      // 产品模型
         },
+        /**
+         * 文章URL生成函数
+         * 
+         * 为导出功能提供文章的标准URL，确保导出的数据包含正确的链接信息。
+         * 
+         * @param {Object} post - 文章对象
+         * @returns {string} 文章的完整URL
+         */
         getPostUrl(post) {
-            const jsonModel = post.toJSON();
+            const jsonModel = post.toJSON();  // 转换为JSON格式
+            // 使用URL序列化工具生成文章URL
             url.forPost(post.id, jsonModel, {options: {}});
-            return jsonModel.url;
+            return jsonModel.url;  // 返回生成的URL
         },
-        settingsCache,
-        settingsHelpers
+        settingsCache,     // 设置缓存依赖
+        settingsHelpers    // 设置辅助工具依赖
     });
 
+    /**
+     * 创建并返回配置完整的文章服务实例
+     * 
+     * 采用依赖注入模式，将所有必要的依赖通过构造函数注入，
+     * 提高了代码的可测试性和可维护性。
+     */
     return new PostsService({
-        urlUtils: urlUtils,
-        models: models,
+        urlUtils: urlUtils,  // URL处理工具
+        models: models,      // 数据库模型层
+        /**
+         * 功能开关检查函数
+         * 
+         * 用于检查特定功能是否启用，支持A/B测试和实验性功能。
+         * 注意：使用箭头函数而非bind，以保持测试时的可替换性。
+         * 
+         * @param {string} flag - 功能标识符
+         * @returns {boolean} 功能是否启用
+         */
         isSet: flag => labs.isSet(flag), // don't use bind, that breaks test subbing of labs
-        stats: postStats,
-        emailService: emailService.service,
-        postsExporter
+        stats: postStats,               // 文章统计服务
+        emailService: emailService.service, // 邮件服务（取service属性）
+        postsExporter                    // 文章导出器
     });
 };
 
+// 导出工厂函数作为模块的主要接口
 module.exports = getPostServiceInstance;
+
+/**
+ * 暴露PostsService类（仅用于测试目的）
+ * 
+ * 这个导出项允许测试代码直接访问PostsService类，
+ * 便于进行单元测试和集成测试。
+ * 在生产环境中应该通过工厂函数获取服务实例。
+ */
 // exposed for testing purposes only
-module.exports.PostsService = PostsService;
+module.exports.PostsService = PostsService;
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