/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 Intel Corporation.
 * 
 * This software is provided to you as Sample Source Code as defined in the accompanying
 * End User License Agreement for the Intel(R) Software Development Products ("Agreement")
 * section 1.L.
 * 
 * This software and the related documents are provided as is, with no express or implied
 * warranties, other than those that are expressly stated in the License.
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include "pin.H"
extern "C" {
#include "xed-interface.h"
using std::cout;
using std::flush;
using std::cerr;
using std::string;
using std::endl;
}

#if defined(TARGET_MAC)
    const char* BSR_RTN_NAME="_bsr_func";
    const char* BSF_RTN_NAME="_bsf_func";
#else
    const char* BSR_RTN_NAME="bsr_func";
    const char* BSF_RTN_NAME="bsf_func";
#endif

const char* BSR_MNEMONICS="BSR";
const char* BSF_MNEMONICS="BSF";

const ADDRINT EFLAGS_ZF=0x40;

/* ===================================================================== */
/* Global variables                                                      */
/* ===================================================================== */

std::ostream* outFile = 0;
string instrumented_routines[] = {BSR_RTN_NAME, BSF_RTN_NAME};

/* ===================================================================== */
/* Command line switches                                                 */
/* ===================================================================== */

KNOB<string> KnobOutputFile(KNOB_MODE_WRITEONCE,  "pintool",
    "o", "", "Specify file name for the tool's output. If no filename is specified, the output will be directed to stdout.");


/* ===================================================================== */
/* Print Help Message                                                    */
/* ===================================================================== */

INT32 Usage()
{
    cerr << "This tool prints information on the destination's validity of the BSR/BSF instructions." << endl;
    cerr << KNOB_BASE::StringKnobSummary() << endl;
    return 1;
}

/* ===================================================================== */
/* Analysis routines                                                     */
/* ===================================================================== */
 
/*
 * Analysis-time routine inspecting the value of the zero flag after the execution
 * of the BSR/BSF instructions to determine the validity of the destination operand.
 */
VOID examine_z_flag(char *mnemonics, ADDRINT eflags)
{
    *outFile << mnemonics << " destination operand is " << ((eflags & EFLAGS_ZF) ? "undefined (source equals zero)."
                                                           : "valid (source is not zero).") << endl << flush;
}


/* ===================================================================== */
/* Instrumentation routines                                              */
/* ===================================================================== */

/*
 * Instrumentation-time routine inspecting a single instruction, looking for
 * the BSR/BSF instructions.
 */
VOID Instruction(INS ins, VOID *v)
{
    xed_decoded_inst_t* xedd = INS_XedDec(ins);
    xed_iclass_enum_t inst_iclass = xed_decoded_inst_get_iclass(xedd);
    if ((inst_iclass == XED_ICLASS_BSR) || (inst_iclass == XED_ICLASS_BSF))
    {
        INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_AFTER, (AFUNPTR)examine_z_flag, 
            IARG_PTR, ((inst_iclass == XED_ICLASS_BSR) ? BSR_MNEMONICS : BSF_MNEMONICS),
            IARG_REG_VALUE, REG_GFLAGS, IARG_END);
    }
}

/*
 * Instrumentation-time routine looking for the routine we'd like to instrument.
 */
VOID ImageLoad(IMG img, VOID * v)
{
    if (IMG_IsMainExecutable(img))
    {
        // Search for the assembly routines in the application
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(instrumented_routines)/sizeof(instrumented_routines[0]); i++)
        {
            RTN AsmRtn = RTN_FindByName(img, instrumented_routines[i].c_str());
            if (RTN_Valid(AsmRtn))
            {
                RTN_Open(AsmRtn);
                // Go over each of the routine's instructions
                for (INS ins = RTN_InsHead(AsmRtn); INS_Valid(ins); ins = INS_Next(ins))
                {
                    Instruction(ins, 0);
                }
                RTN_Close(AsmRtn);
            }
        }
    }
}

/* ===================================================================== */
/* Main                                                                  */
/* ===================================================================== */

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if( PIN_Init(argc,argv) )
        return Usage();
    // Next call is needed, otherwise we can't find routines by name
#if defined(TARGET_WINDOWS)
    PIN_InitSymbolsAlt(EXPORT_SYMBOLS);
#else
    PIN_InitSymbols();
#endif
    outFile = KnobOutputFile.Value().empty() ? &cout : new std::ofstream(KnobOutputFile.Value().c_str());
    IMG_AddInstrumentFunction(ImageLoad, 0);
    PIN_StartProgram();    // Never returns
    return 0;
}