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test/README.md

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# 图书管理系统
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2023年4月
成员1王昊 成员2孙艺哲 成员3张江楠 成员4郭佳慧
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## 项目简介
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本系统是程序设计与问题求解课程设计项目,实现了库存零件 CSV 格式数据文件的读取和保存以及数据的增删改查CRUD、排序和图表显示等功能。项目采用 C 语言编程实现,在 VS Code 集成开发环境IDE中用 GCC 进行编译。系统采用模块化设计,程序结构清晰,采用菜单驱动的命令行界面,操作便捷,能够用 CSV 格式读取和保存数据,通用性强,能够用图表展示数据,直观清楚。
下载地址https://bdgit.educoder.net/mac76tib2/test.git
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项目开发过程中采用 Kanban看板进行任务管理和分工协作并使用 Git 对程序代码和文档进行版本管理。任务分工情况如下:
| 任务 | 设计 | 开发 | 测试 | 文档 |
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|------|-----|------|------|-----|
| C1 | 王昊 | 王昊 | 张江楠 | 郭佳慧 |
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| C2·C3·C4·C5 | 张江楠 | 张江楠 | 郭佳慧 | 孙艺哲 |
| C6·C7·C8·C9 | 郭佳慧 | 郭佳慧 | 孙艺哲 | 王昊 |
| C10·C11·C12 | 孙艺哲 | 孙艺哲 | 王昊 | 张江楠 |
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每个成员工作量(百分比):
| 王昊 | 张江楠 | 郭佳慧 | 孙艺哲 |
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|----|---|----|----|
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| 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
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## 关于图书管理系统
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建立一个图书馆管理系统,可以处理以下对象:
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1图书馆基本信息
2图书馆的书籍
3图书馆管理员
4读者信息
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### 需求分析
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1查询图书馆的总信息
2查询图书馆藏书信息
3存入新书
4旧书处理
5根据书名检索书刊信息
6查询读者的借阅信息
7查询读者信息
8读者借书
9读者还书
10文件保存
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11从文件读取
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## C1函数模块
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1.函数原形int main();
2.功能调用ShowMainMenu()函数,显示主界面
```
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void ShowMainMenu()
{
system("cls");
printf("\n\n\n\n\n");
printf("\t|----------------------欢迎进入---------------------------\n");
printf("\t| 读者管理系统 \n");
printf("\t| 1、查询图书馆的总信息 \n");
printf("\t| 2、查询图书馆藏书信息 \n");
printf("\t| 3、存入新书 \n");
printf("\t| 4、旧书处理 \n");
printf("\t| 5、根据书名检索书刊信息 \n");
printf("\t| 6、查询读者的借阅信息 \n");
printf("\t| 7、查询读者信息 \n");
printf("\t| 8、读者借书 \n");
printf("\t| 9、读者还书 \n");
printf("\t| 10、文件保存 \n");
printf("\t| 11、从文件读取 \n");
printf("\t| 0、退出 \n");
printf("\t|---------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("新打开程序需先添加管理员\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t请选择0-11");
}
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```
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## C2查询图书馆信息模块
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函数原形void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book, const Reader* reader);
功能:接受两个形参,分别是图书的链表地址,读者的链表地址,并遍历两个链表,显示出图书的数量和读者的数量
```
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void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book1, const Reader* reader1)
{
Book* book = book1;
Reader* reader = reader1;
int bookNUm = 0, readerNUm = 0, mangerNUm = 0;
while (book != NULL)
{
bookNUm++;
book = book->next;
}
while (reader != NULL)
{
readerNUm++;
reader = reader->next;
}
printf("本图书馆共有藏书%d本,读者%d人\n", bookNUm, readerNUm);
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
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```
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## C3查找图书馆藏书信息模块
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1) 函数原形: void ShowLibBook(Book* book);
2) 功能: 接受一个形参:图书的链表地址,遍历该链表,显示出所有图书的信息
```
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void ShowLibBook(Book* book1)
{
Book* book = book1;
while (book != NULL)
{ // \t :制表符
printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", book->iNum, book->acName, book->acAuthor, book->acPress, book->iAmount);
book = book->next;
}
printf("\n按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
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```
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## C4存入新书信息模块
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1) 函数原形: Book* AddBook(Book* book);
2) 功能: 接受一个形参:图书的链表地址,利用尾插对链表进行修改,添加图书
```
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Book* AddBook(Book* book1)
{
Book* book = book1;
if (book == NULL)
{
Book* tmp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
tmp->next = NULL;
assert(tmp);
printf("输入书的编号:");
scanf("%d", &tmp->iNum);
getchar();
printf("输入书的名称:");
gets(&tmp->acName);
printf("输入书的作者:");
gets(tmp->acAuthor);
printf("输入书的出版社:");
gets(tmp->acPress);
printf("输入书的库存量:");
scanf("%d", &tmp->iAmount);
book = tmp;
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return book;
return;
}
while (1)
{
while (book->next == NULL)
{
int flag = 1;
while (flag)
{
Book* tmp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
tmp->next = NULL;
assert(tmp);
printf("输入书的编号:");
scanf("%d", &tmp->iNum);
getchar();
printf("输入书的名称:");
gets(&tmp->acName);
printf("输入书的作者:");
gets(tmp->acAuthor);
printf("输入书的出版社:");
gets(tmp->acPress);
printf("输入书的库存量:");
scanf("%d", &tmp->iAmount);
book->next = tmp;
printf("是否继续输入:1==>继续\t0==>结束\t");
scanf("%d", &flag);
getchar();
if (flag == 0)
{
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return book1;
}
}
}
book = book->next;
}
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
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```
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## C5:旧书处理信息模块
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1函数原形: Book* DealoldBook(Book* book);
2) 功能: 接受一个形参:图书链表的地址,遍历该链表,用书的编号进行匹配,找到该图书后删除该图书,否则返回
```
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Book* DealoldBook(Book* book1)
{
Book* book = book1;
Book* prev = book1;
printf("输入要处理旧书的编号:");
int id;
scanf("%d", &id);
getchar();
while (book != NULL)
{
if (id == book->iNum)
{
if (book1 == book)
{
book = book->next;
free(prev);
return book;
}
prev->next = book->next;
free(book); // free():释放资源
printf("已将旧书处理掉!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return book1;
}
prev = book;
book = book->next;
}
printf("没有找到该图书\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return book1;
}
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```
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## C6:查找图书信息模块
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1函数原形: void foundBook(Book* book);
2) 功能:接受一个形参:图书链表的地址,遍历该链表,用书的编号进行匹配,找到该图书后显示该图书,否则返回
```
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void foundBook(Book* book1)
{
Book* book = book1;
printf("输入要查找的书的id:");
int id;
scanf("%d", &id);
getchar();
while (book != NULL)
{
if (id == book->iNum)
{
printf("该书的信息如下:\n");
printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", book->iNum, book->acName, book->acAuthor, book->acPress, book->iAmount);
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
book = book->next;
}
printf("没有找到该书!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
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```
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## C7:查询读者借阅信息模块
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1函数原形: void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader);
2) 功能: 接受一个形参:读者链表的地址,遍历该链表,用读者的编号进行匹配,找到该读者显示该读者的信息,否则返回
```
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void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader1)
{
Reader* reader = reader1; //备份
printf("输入读者的id:");
int id;
scanf("%d", &id);
getchar();
while (reader)
{
if (id == reader->iNum)
{
printf("借阅的书的编号如下:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < reader->iMax; i++) //根据读者可以借阅的数量作为循环终止条件
{
if (reader->aiBookId[i] != 0) //数组里不为0证明有一条记录因为数组初始化为0并且书的编号不可能为0
{
printf("%d\n", reader->aiBookId[i]);
}
}
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
reader = reader->next;
}
printf("没有该读者!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
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}
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```
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## C8:查询读者借书模块
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1函数原形: void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader);
2功能: 接受一个形参:读者链表的地址,遍历该链表,用读者的编号进行匹配,找到该读者显示该读者的借阅信息,否则返回
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```
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void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader1)
{
Reader* reader = reader1;
printf("输入读者的id:");
int id;
scanf("%d", &id);
getchar();
while (reader)
{
if (id == reader->iNum)
{
printf("读者id:%d\n", reader->iNum);
printf("读者姓名:%s\n", reader->acName);
printf("读者性别:%s\n", reader->acSex);
printf("读者职位:%s\n", reader->position);
printf("读者已借阅书的数量:%d\n", reader->iAmount);
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
reader = reader->next;
}
printf("没有找到该读者\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return;
}
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```
## C9:读者借书模块
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1)函数原形: Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);
2)功能:接受两个形参:读者链表地址和图书链表地址,用读者的编号进行匹配,找到该读者后,用图书的编号进行匹配,进行借书,否则返回
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```
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Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader1, Book* book1)
{
Reader* reader = reader1;
Book* book = book1;
Reader* prev = reader1;
Reader* tmpp = reader1;
printf("输入读者id:");
int id;
scanf("%d", &id);
getchar();
if (reader == NULL)
{
Reader* tmp = (Reader*)malloc(sizeof(Reader));
tmp->next = NULL;
tmp->iAmount = 0;
tmp->iNum = id;
printf("输入读者名字:");
scanf("%s", &tmp->acName);
getchar();
printf("输入读者性别:");
scanf("%s", &tmp->acSex);
getchar();
printf("输入读者职位:<student\tor\tteacher>");
scanf("%s", &tmp->position);
getchar();
if (strcmp(tmp->position, "student") == 0)
{
tmp->iMax = 20;
tmp->day = 30;
}
else {
tmp->iMax = 40;
tmp->day = 60;
}
for (int i = 0; i < tmp->iMax; i++)
{
tmp->aiBookId[i] = 0;
}
printf("输入要借的书的编号:");
int id_book;
scanf("%d", &id_book);
getchar();
while (book != NULL)
{
if (id_book == book->iNum)
{
if (book->iAmount <= 1)
{
printf("借阅失败,该图书库存不足.\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return NULL;
}
if ((tmp->iAmount) + 1 > tmp->iMax)
{
printf("借阅失败,该读者借阅图书数量已达上线.\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return NULL;
}
book->iAmount--;
tmp->aiBookId[tmp->iAmount] = id_book;
tmp->iAmount;
reader = tmp;
printf("借阅成功!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader;
}
book = book->next;
}
printf("没有找到该书!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader1;
}
if (reader != NULL)
{
while (reader != NULL)
{
if (id == reader->iNum)
{
printf("图使馆当前的书籍册:\n");
ShowLibBook(book);
printf("输入要借的书的编号:");
int id_book;
scanf("%d", &id_book);
getchar();
while (book != NULL)
{
if (id_book == book->iNum)
{
if (book->iAmount <= 1)
{
printf("借阅失败,该图书库存不足.\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader1;
}
if (tmpp->iAmount + 1 > tmpp->iMax)
{
printf("借阅失败,该读者借阅图书数量已达上线.\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader1;
}
reader->iAmount++;
reader->aiBookId[tmpp->iAmount] = id_book;
return reader1;
}
book = book->next;
}
printf("没有找到该书!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
}
reader = reader->next;
}
}
}
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```
## C10:读者还书模块
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函数原形void returnBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);
功能:接受两个形参:读者链表地址和图书链表地址,用读者的编号进行匹配,找到该读者后,用图书的编号进行匹配,进行还书,否则返回
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```
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void returnBook(Reader* reader1, Book* book1)
{
Reader* reader = reader1;
Book* book = book1;
printf("请输入读者的id:");
int id;
scanf("%d", &id);
getchar();
if (reader != NULL)
{
while (reader != NULL)
{
if (id == reader->iNum)
{
printf("请输入要还的书的编号:");
int id_book;
scanf("%d", &id_book);
getchar();
for (int i = 0; i < reader->iMax; i++)
{
if (reader->aiBookId[i] == id_book)
{
reader->aiBookId[i] = 0;
while (book)
{
if (id_book == book->iNum)
{
book->iAmount++;
printf("还书成功!\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader1;
}
book = book->next;
}
}
}
printf("没有找到该图书检查图书的Id\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader1;
}
reader = reader->next;
}
printf("没有找到该读者检查读者id是否输入有误\n");
printf("按任意键返回\n");
getchar();
return reader1;
}
}
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```
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## C11:保存信息模块
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1函数原形: void save(Book* book);
2) 功能接受一个形参book的链表地址新建一个文件将链表中的信息保存到硬盘中
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```
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void save(Book* book1)
{
FILE* fp;
Book* pCur = book1;
int iCount = 0;
if (pCur == NULL)
{
printf("\n没有学生记录!\n");
return;
}
if ((fp = fopen("book.txt", "wb")) == NULL)
{
printf("创建文件失败!\n");
getchar();
exit(1);
}
while (pCur)
{
fwrite(pCur, sizeof(Book), 1, fp);
pCur = pCur->next;
iCount++;
}
printf("\n");
printf("保存文件的数据数目为:%d\n", iCount);
fclose(fp);
}
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```
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## C12:读取信息模块
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1函数原形: Book* read1();
2) 功能打开一个文件将文件中的信息读取到内存中并返回一个Book类型的指针
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```
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Book* read1()
{
FILE* fp;
Book* pHead = NULL, * pTemp = NULL, * pCur = NULL;
if ((fp = fopen("book.txt", "r")) == NULL)
{
printf("\n文件打开失败!请检查文件名!\n");
exit(0);
}
pTemp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
while (fread(pTemp, sizeof(Book), 1, fp))
{
if (!pHead)
{
pHead = pCur = pTemp;
}
else
{
pCur->next = pTemp;
pCur = pTemp;
}
pTemp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
}
fclose(fp);
return pHead;
}
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```
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## 概要设计
系统主要为开始界面和数据处理两大模块
开始界面即显示主要功能
数据处理包括:
查询图书馆的总信息
查询图书馆藏书信息
存入新书
旧书处理
根据书名检索书刊信息
查询读者的借阅信息
查询读者信息
读者借书
读者还书
文件保存
从文件读取
上述各模块通过主程序main进行调用系统模块图如下:
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+----------------+ +----------------+
| Start | | End |
+----------------+ +----------------+
| |
v v
+----------------+ +----------------+
| ShowMainMenu | | ShowLibInfo |
+----------------+ +----------------+
| |
v v
+----------------+ +----------------+
| ShowLibBook | | AddBook |
+----------------+ +----------------+
| |
v v
+----------------+ +----------------+
| DealoldBook | | foundBook |
+----------------+ +----------------+
| |
v v
+----------------+ +----------------+
| foundReader_Info| | foundReaderInfo|
+----------------+ +----------------+
| |
v v
+----------------+ +----------------+
| LendBook | | returnBook |
+----------------+ +----------------+
| |
v v
+----------------+ +----------------+
| save | | read1 |
+----------------+ +----------------+
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## 详细设计
针对概要设计
C1:void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book, const Reader* reader);\\查询图书馆的总信息
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![c2](c2.svg)
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C2:void ShowLibBook(Book* book);\\查询图书馆藏书信息
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![c3](c3.svg)
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C3:Book* AddBook(Book* book);\\存入新书
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![c4](c4.svg)
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C4:Book* DealoldBook(Book* book);\\旧书处理
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![c5](c5.svg)
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C5:void foundBook(Book* book);\\根据书名检索书刊信息
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![555](foundbook.svg)
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C6:void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader);\\查询读者的借阅信息
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![666](foundreaderinfo.svg)
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C7:void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader);\\查询读者信息
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![777](ReaderInfo.svg)
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C8:Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);\\读者借书
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![888](LendBook.svg)
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C9:void returnBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);\\读者还书
C10:void save(Book* book);\\文件保存
C11:Book* read1();\\从文件读取