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# 图书管理系统
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2023年4月
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成员1：王昊 成员2：孙艺哲 成员3：张江楠 成员4：郭佳慧
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## 项目简介
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本系统是程序设计与问题求解课程设计项目，实现了库存零件 CSV 格式数据文件的读取和保存，以及数据的增删改查（CRUD）、排序和图表显示等功能。项目采用 C 语言编程实现，在 VS Code 集成开发环境（IDE）中用 GCC 进行编译。系统采用模块化设计，程序结构清晰，采用菜单驱动的命令行界面，操作便捷，能够用 CSV 格式读取和保存数据，通用性强，能够用图表展示数据，直观清楚。
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下载地址：https://bdgit.educoder.net/mac76tib2/test.git
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项目开发过程中采用 Kanban（看板）进行任务管理和分工协作，并使用 Git 对程序代码和文档进行版本管理。任务分工情况如下：
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| 任务 | 设计 | 开发 | 测试 | 文档 |
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|------|-----|------|------|-----|
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| C1 | 王昊 | 王昊 | 张江楠 | 郭佳慧 |
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| C2·C3·C4·C5 | 张江楠 | 张江楠 | 郭佳慧 | 孙艺哲 |
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| C6·C7·C8·C9 | 郭佳慧 | 郭佳慧 | 孙艺哲 | 王昊 |
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| C10·C11·C12 | 孙艺哲 | 孙艺哲 | 王昊 | 张江楠 |
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每个成员工作量（百分比）：
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| 王昊 | 张江楠 | 郭佳慧 | 孙艺哲 |
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|----|---|----|----|
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| 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
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## 关于图书管理系统
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建立一个图书馆管理系统,可以处理以下对象：
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（1）图书馆基本信息
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（2）图书馆的书籍
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（3）图书馆管理员
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（4）读者信息
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### 需求分析
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（1）查询图书馆的总信息
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（2）查询图书馆藏书信息
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（3）存入新书
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（4）旧书处理
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（5）根据书名检索书刊信息
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（6）查询读者的借阅信息
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（7）查询读者信息
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（8）读者借书
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（9）读者还书
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（10）文件保存
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（11）从文件读取
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## C1：函数模块
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1.函数原形：int main();
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2.功能：调用ShowMainMenu()函数，显示主界面
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```
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void ShowMainMenu()
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{
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system("cls");
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printf("\n\n\n\n\n");
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printf("\t|----------------------欢迎进入---------------------------\n");
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printf("\t| 读者管理系统 \n");
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printf("\t| 1、查询图书馆的总信息 \n");
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printf("\t| 2、查询图书馆藏书信息 \n");
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printf("\t| 3、存入新书 \n");
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printf("\t| 4、旧书处理 \n");
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printf("\t| 5、根据书名检索书刊信息 \n");
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printf("\t| 6、查询读者的借阅信息 \n");
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printf("\t| 7、查询读者信息 \n");
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printf("\t| 8、读者借书 \n");
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printf("\t| 9、读者还书 \n");
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printf("\t| 10、文件保存 \n");
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printf("\t| 11、从文件读取 \n");
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printf("\t| 0、退出 \n");
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printf("\t|---------------------------------------------------------\n");
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printf("新打开程序需先添加管理员\n");
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printf("\n");
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printf("\t\t请选择（0-11）：");
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}
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```
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## C2：查询图书馆信息模块
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函数原形：void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book, const Reader* reader);
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功能：接受两个形参，分别是图书的链表地址，读者的链表地址，并遍历两个链表，显示出图书的数量和读者的数量
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```
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void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book1, const Reader* reader1)
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{
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Book* book = book1;
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Reader* reader = reader1;
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int bookNUm = 0, readerNUm = 0, mangerNUm = 0;
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while (book != NULL)
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{
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bookNUm++;
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book = book->next;
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}
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while (reader != NULL)
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{
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readerNUm++;
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reader = reader->next;
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}
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printf("本图书馆共有藏书%d本,读者%d人\n", bookNUm, readerNUm);
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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```
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## C3：查找图书馆藏书信息模块
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1) 函数原形: void ShowLibBook(Book* book);
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2) 功能： 接受一个形参：图书的链表地址，遍历该链表，显示出所有图书的信息
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```
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void ShowLibBook(Book* book1)
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{
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Book* book = book1;
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while (book != NULL)
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{ // \t :制表符
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printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", book->iNum, book->acName, book->acAuthor, book->acPress, book->iAmount);
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book = book->next;
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}
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printf("\n按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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```
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## C4：存入新书信息模块
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1) 函数原形: Book* AddBook(Book* book);
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2) 功能： 接受一个形参：图书的链表地址，利用尾插对链表进行修改，添加图书
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```
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Book* AddBook(Book* book1)
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{
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Book* book = book1;
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if (book == NULL)
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{
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Book* tmp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
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tmp->next = NULL;
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assert(tmp);
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printf("输入书的编号:");
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scanf("%d", &tmp->iNum);
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getchar();
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printf("输入书的名称:");
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gets(&tmp->acName);
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printf("输入书的作者:");
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gets(tmp->acAuthor);
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printf("输入书的出版社:");
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gets(tmp->acPress);
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printf("输入书的库存量:");
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scanf("%d", &tmp->iAmount);
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book = tmp;
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return book;
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return;
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}
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while (1)
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{
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while (book->next == NULL)
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{
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int flag = 1;
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while (flag)
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{
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Book* tmp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
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tmp->next = NULL;
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assert(tmp);
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printf("输入书的编号:");
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scanf("%d", &tmp->iNum);
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getchar();
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printf("输入书的名称:");
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gets(&tmp->acName);
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printf("输入书的作者:");
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gets(tmp->acAuthor);
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printf("输入书的出版社:");
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gets(tmp->acPress);
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printf("输入书的库存量:");
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scanf("%d", &tmp->iAmount);
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book->next = tmp;
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printf("是否继续输入:1==>继续\t0==>结束\t");
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scanf("%d", &flag);
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getchar();
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if (flag == 0)
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{
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return book1;
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}
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}
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}
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book = book->next;
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}
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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```
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## C5:旧书处理信息模块
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1）函数原形: Book* DealoldBook(Book* book);
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2) 功能： 接受一个形参:图书链表的地址，遍历该链表，用书的编号进行匹配，找到该图书后删除该图书，否则返回
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```
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Book* DealoldBook(Book* book1)
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{
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Book* book = book1;
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Book* prev = book1;
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printf("输入要处理旧书的编号:");
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int id;
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scanf("%d", &id);
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getchar();
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while (book != NULL)
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{
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if (id == book->iNum)
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{
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if (book1 == book)
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{
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book = book->next;
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free(prev);
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return book;
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}
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prev->next = book->next;
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free(book); // free():释放资源
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printf("已将旧书处理掉!\n");
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return book1;
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}
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prev = book;
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book = book->next;
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}
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printf("没有找到该图书\n");
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return book1;
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}
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```
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## C6:查找图书信息模块
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1）函数原形: void foundBook(Book* book);
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2) 功能：接受一个形参:图书链表的地址，遍历该链表，用书的编号进行匹配，找到该图书后显示该图书，否则返回
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```
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void foundBook(Book* book1)
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{
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Book* book = book1;
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printf("输入要查找的书的id:");
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int id;
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scanf("%d", &id);
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getchar();
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while (book != NULL)
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{
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if (id == book->iNum)
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{
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printf("该书的信息如下:\n");
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printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", book->iNum, book->acName, book->acAuthor, book->acPress, book->iAmount);
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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book = book->next;
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}
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printf("没有找到该书!\n");
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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```
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## C7:查询读者借阅信息模块
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1）函数原形: void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader);
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2) 功能： 接受一个形参:读者链表的地址，遍历该链表，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者显示该读者的信息，否则返回
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```
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void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader1)
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{
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Reader* reader = reader1; //备份
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printf("输入读者的id:");
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int id;
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scanf("%d", &id);
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getchar();
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while (reader)
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{
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if (id == reader->iNum)
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{
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printf("借阅的书的编号如下:\n");
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for (int i = 0; i < reader->iMax; i++) //根据读者可以借阅的数量作为循环终止条件
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{
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if (reader->aiBookId[i] != 0) //数组里不为0，证明有一条记录，因为：数组初始化为0，并且书的编号不可能为0
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{
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printf("%d\n", reader->aiBookId[i]);
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}
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}
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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reader = reader->next;
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}
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printf("没有该读者!\n");
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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```
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## C8:查询读者借书模块
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1）函数原形: void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader);
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2）功能: 接受一个形参:读者链表的地址，遍历该链表，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者显示该读者的借阅信息，否则返回
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```
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void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader1)
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{
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Reader* reader = reader1;
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printf("输入读者的id:");
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int id;
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scanf("%d", &id);
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getchar();
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while (reader)
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{
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if (id == reader->iNum)
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{
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printf("读者id:%d\n", reader->iNum);
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printf("读者姓名:%s\n", reader->acName);
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printf("读者性别:%s\n", reader->acSex);
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printf("读者职位:%s\n", reader->position);
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printf("读者已借阅书的数量:%d\n", reader->iAmount);
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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reader = reader->next;
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}
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printf("没有找到该读者\n");
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printf("按任意键返回\n");
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getchar();
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return;
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}
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```
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## C9:读者借书模块
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1)函数原形: Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);
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2)功能:接受两个形参：读者链表地址和图书链表地址，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者后，用图书的编号进行匹配，进行借书，否则返回
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```
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Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader1, Book* book1)
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{
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Reader* reader = reader1;
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Book* book = book1;
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Reader* prev = reader1;
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Reader* tmpp = reader1;
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printf("输入读者id:");
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int id;
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scanf("%d", &id);
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getchar();
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if (reader == NULL)
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{
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Reader* tmp = (Reader*)malloc(sizeof(Reader));
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tmp->next = NULL;
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tmp->iAmount = 0;
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tmp->iNum = id;
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printf("输入读者名字:");
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scanf("%s", &tmp->acName);
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getchar();
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printf("输入读者性别:");
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scanf("%s", &tmp->acSex);
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getchar();
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printf("输入读者职位:<student\tor\tteacher>");
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scanf("%s", &tmp->position);
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getchar();
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if (strcmp(tmp->position, "student") == 0)
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{
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tmp->iMax = 20;
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tmp->day = 30;
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}
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else {
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tmp->iMax = 40;
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|
|
tmp->day = 60;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < tmp->iMax; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
tmp->aiBookId[i] = 0;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("输入要借的书的编号:");
|
|
|
int id_book;
|
|
|
scanf("%d", &id_book);
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
while (book != NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (id_book == book->iNum)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (book->iAmount <= 1)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("借阅失败，该图书库存不足.\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if ((tmp->iAmount) + 1 > tmp->iMax)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("借阅失败,该读者借阅图书数量已达上线.\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
book->iAmount--;
|
|
|
tmp->aiBookId[tmp->iAmount] = id_book;
|
|
|
tmp->iAmount;
|
|
|
reader = tmp;
|
|
|
printf("借阅成功!\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
book = book->next;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("没有找到该书!\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if (reader != NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
while (reader != NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (id == reader->iNum)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("图使馆当前的书籍册:\n");
|
|
|
ShowLibBook(book);
|
|
|
printf("输入要借的书的编号:");
|
|
|
int id_book;
|
|
|
scanf("%d", &id_book);
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
while (book != NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (id_book == book->iNum)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (book->iAmount <= 1)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("借阅失败，该图书库存不足.\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if (tmpp->iAmount + 1 > tmpp->iMax)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("借阅失败,该读者借阅图书数量已达上线.\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
reader->iAmount++;
|
|
|
reader->aiBookId[tmpp->iAmount] = id_book;
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
book = book->next;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("没有找到该书!\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
reader = reader->next;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## C10:读者还书模块
|
|
|
|
|
|
函数原形：void returnBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);
|
|
|
功能：接受两个形参：读者链表地址和图书链表地址，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者后，用图书的编号进行匹配，进行还书，否则返回
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void returnBook(Reader* reader1, Book* book1)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
Reader* reader = reader1;
|
|
|
Book* book = book1;
|
|
|
printf("请输入读者的id:");
|
|
|
int id;
|
|
|
scanf("%d", &id);
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (reader != NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
while (reader != NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (id == reader->iNum)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("请输入要还的书的编号:");
|
|
|
int id_book;
|
|
|
scanf("%d", &id_book);
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < reader->iMax; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (reader->aiBookId[i] == id_book)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
reader->aiBookId[i] = 0;
|
|
|
while (book)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (id_book == book->iNum)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
book->iAmount++;
|
|
|
printf("还书成功!\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
book = book->next;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("没有找到该图书，检查图书的Id\n");
|
|
|
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
reader = reader->next;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("没有找到该读者，检查读者id是否输入有误\n");
|
|
|
printf("按任意键返回\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
return reader1;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## C11:保存信息模块
|
|
|
|
|
|
1）函数原形: void save(Book* book);
|
|
|
2) 功能：接受一个形参：book的链表地址，新建一个文件，将链表中的信息保存到硬盘中
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
void save(Book* book1)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
FILE* fp;
|
|
|
Book* pCur = book1;
|
|
|
int iCount = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pCur == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("\n没有学生记录!\n");
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ((fp = fopen("book.txt", "wb")) == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("创建文件失败!\n");
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
exit(1);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
while (pCur)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fwrite(pCur, sizeof(Book), 1, fp);
|
|
|
pCur = pCur->next;
|
|
|
iCount++;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
printf("\n");
|
|
|
|
|
|
printf("保存文件的数据数目为:%d\n", iCount);
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## C12:读取信息模块
|
|
|
|
|
|
1）函数原形: Book* read1();
|
|
|
2) 功能：打开一个文件，将文件中的信息读取到内存中，并返回一个Book类型的指针
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
Book* read1()
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
FILE* fp;
|
|
|
Book* pHead = NULL, * pTemp = NULL, * pCur = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ((fp = fopen("book.txt", "r")) == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("\n文件打开失败!请检查文件名!\n");
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
pTemp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
|
|
|
while (fread(pTemp, sizeof(Book), 1, fp))
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if (!pHead)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
pHead = pCur = pTemp;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
pCur->next = pTemp;
|
|
|
pCur = pTemp;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
pTemp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
return pHead;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
## 概要设计
|
|
|
系统主要为开始界面和数据处理两大模块
|
|
|
开始界面即显示主要功能
|
|
|
数据处理包括：
|
|
|
查询图书馆的总信息
|
|
|
查询图书馆藏书信息
|
|
|
存入新书
|
|
|
旧书处理
|
|
|
根据书名检索书刊信息
|
|
|
查询读者的借阅信息
|
|
|
查询读者信息
|
|
|
读者借书
|
|
|
读者还书
|
|
|
文件保存
|
|
|
从文件读取
|
|
|
上述各模块通过主程序（main）进行调用，系统模块图如下:
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| Start | | End |
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
v v
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| ShowMainMenu | | ShowLibInfo |
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
v v
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| ShowLibBook | | AddBook |
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
v v
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| DealoldBook | | foundBook |
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
v v
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| foundReader_Info| | foundReaderInfo|
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
v v
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| LendBook | | returnBook |
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
v v
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
| save | | read1 |
|
|
|
+----------------+ +----------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 详细设计
|
|
|
针对概要设计
|
|
|
|
|
|
C1:void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book, const Reader* reader);\\查询图书馆的总信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
C2:void ShowLibBook(Book* book);\\查询图书馆藏书信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
C3:Book* AddBook(Book* book);\\存入新书
|
|
|
|
|
|
C4:Book* DealoldBook(Book* book);\\旧书处理
|
|
|
|
|
|
C5:void foundBook(Book* book);\\根据书名检索书刊信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
C6:void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader);\\查询读者的借阅信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
C7:void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader);\\查询读者信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
C8:Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);\\读者借书
|
|
|
|
|
|
C9:void returnBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);\\读者还书
|
|
|
|
|
|
C10:void save(Book* book);\\文件保存
|
|
|
|
|
|
C11:Book* read1();\\从文件读取
|
|
|
|
