diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index b71a39d..a19570e 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ grub_cfg := $(boot_src)/grub.cfg
 assembly_source_files := $(wildcard $(boot_src)/*.asm)
 assembly_object_files := $(patsubst $(boot_src)/%.asm, \
 	build/arch/$(arch)/boot/%.o, $(assembly_source_files))
-user_image_files := $(wildcard ../user/*.img)
-user_object_files := $(patsubst ../user/%.img, build/user/%.o, $(user_image_files))
+user_bin_path := ../user/target/$(arch)-ucore/debug
+user_obj_path := build/arch/$(arch)/user
+user_object_files := $(patsubst $(user_bin_path)/%.d, $(user_obj_path)/%.o, $(wildcard $(user_bin_path)/*.d))
 SFSIMG := ../user/ucore32.img
 qemu_opts := -cdrom $(iso) -smp 4 -serial mon:stdio -drive file=$(SFSIMG),media=disk,cache=writeback
 ifeq ($(arch), riscv32)
@@ -103,6 +104,9 @@ build: iso
 asm:
 	@$(objdump) -dS $(kernel) | less
 
+elf-h:
+	@$(objdump) -h $(kernel)
+
 build/os-x86_64.iso: $(kernel) $(grub_cfg)
 	@mkdir -p build/isofiles/boot/grub
 	@cp $(kernel) build/isofiles/boot/kernel.bin
@@ -139,10 +143,11 @@ build/arch/riscv32/boot/%.o: $(boot_src)/%.asm
 	@mkdir -p $(shell dirname $@)
 	@$(as) -march=rv32i $< -o $@
 
-# make .o from .img file
-build/user/%.o: ../user/%.img
-	@mkdir -p $(shell dirname $@)
-	@$(ld) -r -b binary $< -o $@
+# make .o from binary files
+$(user_obj_path)/%.o: $(user_bin_path)/%
+	@mkdir -p $(user_obj_path)
+	@cd $(user_bin_path) && \
+	 $(ld) -b binary $(notdir $<) -o $(abspath $@)
 
 # patch Rust core for RISCV32I atomic
 patch-core:
diff --git a/kernel/src/fs.rs b/kernel/src/fs.rs
index 27d897f..8f9a1f7 100644
--- a/kernel/src/fs.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/fs.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use arch::driver::ide;
 use spin::Mutex;
 use process;
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "link_user_program"))]
 pub fn load_sfs() {
 //    let slice = unsafe { MemBuf::new(_binary_user_ucore32_img_start, _binary_user_ucore32_img_end) };
     let sfs = SimpleFileSystem::open(Box::new(&ide::DISK0)).unwrap();
@@ -22,12 +23,22 @@ pub fn load_sfs() {
     process::print();
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "link_user_program")]
+pub fn load_sfs() {
+    let slice = unsafe {
+        slice::from_raw_parts(_binary_hello_start as *const u8,
+                              _binary_hello_size as usize)
+    };
+
+    process::add_user_process("hello", slice);
+    process::print();
+}
+
+
 #[cfg(feature = "link_user_program")]
 extern {
-    fn _binary_user_ucore32_img_start();
-    fn _binary_user_ucore32_img_end();
-    fn _binary_user_xv6_64_img_start();
-    fn _binary_user_xv6_64_img_end();
+    fn _binary_hello_start();
+    fn _binary_hello_size();
 }
 
 struct MemBuf(&'static [u8]);
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index bbf123f..d864718 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -82,6 +82,25 @@ pub extern fn rust_main() -> ! {
     arch::init();
     process::init();
     info!("RISCV init end");
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "link_user_program")]
+        {
+            use core::slice;
+            let slice = unsafe {
+                slice::from_raw_parts(_binary_hello_start as *const u8,
+                                      _binary_hello_size as usize)
+            };
+
+            process::add_user_process("hello", slice);
+            process::print();
+
+
+            extern {
+                fn _binary_hello_start();
+                fn _binary_hello_size();
+            }
+        }
+
     unsafe { arch::interrupt::enable(); }
     loop {}
 }