diff --git a/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_clipboard.js b/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_clipboard.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b7fe9857f..000000000
--- a/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_clipboard.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-
-       
-// Test
-casper.notebook_test(function () {
-    var a = 'print("a")';
-    var index = this.append_cell(a);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index);
-
-    var b = 'print("b")';
-    index = this.append_cell(b);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index);
-
-    var c = 'print("c")';
-    index = this.append_cell(c);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index);
-
-    this.then(function () {
-         // Copy/paste/cut
-        var num_cells = this.get_cells_length();
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(1), a, 'Verify that cell 1 is a');
-        this.select_cell(1);
-        this.trigger_keydown('x'); // Cut
-        this.validate_notebook_state('x', 'command', 1);
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cells_length(), num_cells-1,  'Verify that a cell was removed.');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(1), b, 'Verify that cell 2 is now where cell 1 was.');
-        this.select_cell(2);
-        this.trigger_keydown('v'); // Paste
-        this.validate_notebook_state('v', 'command', 3); // Selection should move to pasted cell, below current cell.
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(3), a, 'Verify that cell 3 has the cut contents.');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cells_length(), num_cells,  'Verify a the cell was added.');
-        this.trigger_keydown('v'); // Paste
-        this.validate_notebook_state('v', 'command', 4); // Selection should move to pasted cell, below current cell.
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(4), a, 'Verify that cell 4 has the cut contents.');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cells_length(), num_cells+1,  'Verify a the cell was added.');
-        this.select_cell(1);
-        this.trigger_keydown('c'); // Copy
-        this.validate_notebook_state('c', 'command', 1);
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(1), b, 'Verify that cell 1 is b');
-        this.select_cell(2);
-        this.trigger_keydown('c'); // Copy
-        this.validate_notebook_state('c', 'command', 2);
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(2), c, 'Verify that cell 2 is c');
-        this.select_cell(4);
-        this.trigger_keydown('v'); // Paste
-        this.validate_notebook_state('v', 'command', 5);
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(2), c, 'Verify that cell 2 still has the copied contents.');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(5), c, 'Verify that cell 5 has the copied contents.');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cells_length(), num_cells+2,  'Verify a the cell was added.');
-        this.select_cell(0);
-        this.trigger_keydown('shift-v'); // Paste
-        this.validate_notebook_state('shift-v', 'command', 0);
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell_text(0), c, 'Verify that cell 0 has the copied contents.');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cells_length(), num_cells+3,  'Verify a the cell was added.');
-    });
-});
diff --git a/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_execute.js b/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_execute.js
deleted file mode 100644
index f4cd9542f..000000000
--- a/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_execute.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-// Test keyboard invoked execution.
-
-// Test
-casper.notebook_test(function () {
-    var a = 'print("a")';
-    var index = this.append_cell(a);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index);
-
-    var b = 'print("b")';
-    index = this.append_cell(b);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index);
-
-    var c = 'print("c")';
-    index = this.append_cell(c);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index);
-
-    this.then(function () {
-
-        // shift-enter
-        // last cell in notebook
-        var base_index = 3;
-        this.select_cell(base_index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('shift-enter'); // Creates one cell
-        this.validate_notebook_state('shift-enter (no cell below)', 'edit', base_index + 1);
-        // not last cell in notebook & starts in edit mode
-        this.click_cell_editor(base_index);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('click cell ' + base_index, 'edit', base_index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('shift-enter');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('shift-enter (cell exists below)', 'command', base_index + 1);
-        // starts in command mode
-        this.trigger_keydown('k');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('k in comand mode', 'command', base_index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('shift-enter');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('shift-enter (start in command mode)', 'command', base_index + 1);
-
-        // ctrl-enter
-        // last cell in notebook
-        base_index++;
-        this.trigger_keydown('ctrl-enter');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('ctrl-enter (no cell below)', 'command', base_index);
-        // not last cell in notebook & starts in edit mode
-        this.click_cell_editor(base_index-1);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('click cell ' + (base_index-1), 'edit', base_index-1);
-        this.trigger_keydown('ctrl-enter');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('ctrl-enter (cell exists below)', 'command', base_index-1);
-        // starts in command mode
-        this.trigger_keydown('j');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('j in comand mode', 'command', base_index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('ctrl-enter');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('ctrl-enter (start in command mode)', 'command', base_index);
-
-        // alt-enter
-        // last cell in notebook
-        this.trigger_keydown('alt-enter'); // Creates one cell
-        this.validate_notebook_state('alt-enter (no cell below)', 'edit', base_index + 1);
-        // not last cell in notebook & starts in edit mode
-        this.click_cell_editor(base_index);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('click cell ' + base_index, 'edit', base_index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('alt-enter'); // Creates one cell
-        this.validate_notebook_state('alt-enter (cell exists below)', 'edit', base_index + 1);
-        // starts in command mode
-        this.trigger_keydown('esc', 'k');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('k in comand mode', 'command', base_index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('alt-enter'); // Creates one cell
-        this.validate_notebook_state('alt-enter (start in command mode)', 'edit', base_index + 1);
-
-        // Notebook will now have 8 cells, the index of the last cell will be 7.
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cells_length(), 8, '*-enter commands added cells where needed.');
-        this.select_cell(7);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('click cell ' + 7 + ' and esc', 'command', 7);
-    });
-});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_markdown.js b/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_markdown.js
deleted file mode 100644
index c9ecd6df7..000000000
--- a/notebook/tests/notebook/dualmode_markdown.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-
-// Test
-casper.notebook_test(function () {
-    var a = 'print("a")';
-    var index = this.append_cell(a);
-    this.execute_cell_then(index, function(index) {
-        // Markdown rendering / unredering
-        this.select_cell(index);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('select ' + index, 'command', index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('m');
-        this.test.assertEquals(this.get_cell(index).cell_type, 'markdown', 'm; cell is markdown');
-        this.test.assert(!this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'm; cell is unrendered');
-        this.trigger_keydown('enter');
-        this.test.assert(!this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'enter; cell is unrendered');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('enter', 'edit', index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('ctrl-enter');
-        this.test.assert(this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'ctrl-enter; cell is rendered');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('enter', 'command', index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('enter');
-        this.test.assert(!this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'enter; cell is unrendered');
-        this.select_cell(index-1);
-        this.test.assert(!this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'select ' + (index-1) + '; cell ' + index + ' is still unrendered');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('select ' + (index-1), 'command', index-1);
-        this.select_cell(index);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('select ' + index, 'command', index);
-        this.trigger_keydown('ctrl-enter');
-        this.test.assert(this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'ctrl-enter; cell is rendered');
-        this.select_cell(index-1);
-        this.validate_notebook_state('select ' + (index-1), 'command', index-1);
-        this.trigger_keydown('shift-enter');
-        this.validate_notebook_state('shift-enter', 'command', index);
-        this.test.assert(this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'shift-enter; cell is rendered');
-        this.trigger_keydown('shift-enter'); // Creates one cell
-        this.validate_notebook_state('shift-enter', 'edit', index+1);
-        this.test.assert(this.is_cell_rendered(index), 'shift-enter; cell is rendered');
-    });
-});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_clipboard.py b/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_clipboard.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bec4a4657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_clipboard.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Test"""
+from .utils import shift, validate_dualmode_state
+
+def test_dualmode_clipboard(notebook):
+    a = 'print("a")'
+    notebook.append(a)
+    notebook.execute_cell(1)
+
+    b = 'print("b")'
+    notebook.append(b)
+    notebook.execute_cell(2)
+
+    c = 'print("c")'
+    notebook.append(c)
+    notebook.execute_cell(3)
+
+    #Copy/past/cut
+    num_cells = len(notebook.cells)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(1) == a #Cell 1 is a
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(1)
+    notebook.body.send_keys("x") #Cut
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 1)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(1) == b #Cell 2 is now where cell 1 was
+    assert len(notebook.cells) == num_cells-1 #A cell was removed
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(2)
+    notebook.body.send_keys("v") #Paste
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 3)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(3) == a #Cell 3 has the cut contents
+    assert len(notebook.cells) == num_cells   #A cell was added
+
+    notebook.body.send_keys("v") #Paste
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 4)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(4) == a #Cell a has the cut contents
+    assert len(notebook.cells) == num_cells+1 #A cell was added
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(1)
+    notebook.body.send_keys("c") #Copy
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 1)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(1) == b #Cell 1 is b
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(2)
+    notebook.body.send_keys("c") #Copy
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 2)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(2) == c #Cell 2 is c
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(4)
+    notebook.body.send_keys("v") #Paste
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 5)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(2) == c #Cell 2 has the copied contents
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(5) == c #Cell 5 has the copied contents
+    assert len(notebook.cells) == num_cells+2 #A cell was added
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(0)
+    shift(notebook.browser, 'v') #Paste
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 0)
+    assert notebook.get_cell_contents(0) == c #Cell 0 has the copied contents
+    assert len(notebook.cells) == num_cells+3 #A cell was added 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_execute.py b/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_execute.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b646bb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_execute.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+''' Test keyboard invoked execution '''
+
+from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
+
+from .utils import shift, cmdtrl, alt, validate_dualmode_state
+
+
+def test_dualmode_execute(notebook):
+    a = 'print("a")'
+    notebook.append(a)
+    notebook.execute_cell(1)
+
+    b = 'print("b")'
+    notebook.append(b)
+    notebook.execute_cell(2)
+
+    c = 'print("c")'
+    notebook.append(c)
+    notebook.execute_cell(3)
+
+    #shift-enter
+    #last cell in notebook
+    base_index = 3
+    notebook.focus_cell(base_index)
+    shift(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER) #creates one cell
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index + 1)
+
+    #Not last cell in notebook & starts in edit mode
+    notebook.focus_cell(base_index)
+    notebook.body.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #Enter edit mode
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index)
+    shift(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER) #creates one cell
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index + 1)
+
+    #Starts in command mode
+    notebook.body.send_keys('k')
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index)
+    shift(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER) #creates one cell
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index + 1)
+
+
+    #Ctrl-enter
+    #Last cell in notebook
+    base_index += 1
+    cmdtrl(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index)
+
+    #Not last cell in notebook & stats in edit mode
+    notebook.focus_cell(base_index - 1)
+    notebook.body.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #Enter edit mode
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index - 1)
+    cmdtrl(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+
+    #Starts in command mode
+    notebook.body.send_keys('j')
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index)
+    cmdtrl(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index)
+
+
+    #Alt-enter
+    #Last cell in notebook
+    alt(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index + 1)
+    #Not last cell in notebook &starts in edit mode
+    notebook.focus_cell(base_index)
+    notebook.body.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #Enter edit mode
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index)
+    alt(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index + 1)
+    #starts in command mode
+    notebook.body.send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE, 'k')
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', base_index)
+    alt(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', base_index + 1)
+
+
+    #Notebook will now have 8 cells, the index of the last cell will be 7
+    assert len(notebook) == 8 #Cells where added
+    notebook.focus_cell(7)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', 7)
diff --git a/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_markdown.py b/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_markdown.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af5ce3122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notebook/tests/selenium/test_dualmode_markdown.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+'''Test'''
+
+from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
+
+from .utils import cmdtrl, shift, validate_dualmode_state
+
+def test_dualmode_markdown(notebook):
+    def is_cell_rendered(index):
+        JS = 'return !!IPython.notebook.get_cell(%s).rendered;'%index
+        return notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+
+
+    a = 'print("a")'
+    index = 1
+    notebook.append(a)
+
+    #Markdown rendering / unrendering
+    notebook.focus_cell(index)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', index)
+    notebook.body.send_keys("m")
+    assert notebook.get_cell_type(index) == 'markdown'
+    assert not is_cell_rendered(index) #cell is not rendered
+    
+    notebook.body.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)#cell is unrendered
+    assert not is_cell_rendered(index) #cell is not rendered
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', index)
+
+    cmdtrl(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    assert is_cell_rendered(index) #cell is rendered with crtl+enter
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', index)
+
+    notebook.body.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)#cell is unrendered
+    assert not is_cell_rendered(index) #cell is not rendered
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(index - 1)
+    assert not is_cell_rendered(index) #Select index-1; cell index is still not rendered
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', index - 1)
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(index)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', index)
+    cmdtrl(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    assert is_cell_rendered(index)#Cell is rendered
+
+    notebook.focus_cell(index - 1)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', index - 1)
+
+    shift(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'command', index)
+    assert is_cell_rendered(index)#Cell is rendered
+
+    shift(notebook.browser, Keys.ENTER)
+    validate_dualmode_state(notebook, 'edit', index + 1)
+    assert is_cell_rendered(index)#Cell is rendered
diff --git a/notebook/tests/selenium/utils.py b/notebook/tests/selenium/utils.py
index 4b16f92ee..169853e45 100644
--- a/notebook/tests/selenium/utils.py
+++ b/notebook/tests/selenium/utils.py
@@ -363,6 +363,10 @@ def cmdtrl(browser, k):
     """Send key combination Ctrl+(k) or Command+(k) for MacOS"""
     trigger_keystrokes(browser, "command-%s"%k) if os.uname()[0] == "Darwin" else trigger_keystrokes(browser, "control-%s"%k)
 
+def alt(browser, k):
+    """Send key combination Alt+(k)"""
+    trigger_keystrokes(browser, 'alt-%s'%k)
+
 def trigger_keystrokes(browser, *keys):
     """ Send the keys in sequence to the browser.
     Handles following key combinations
@@ -382,3 +386,73 @@ def trigger_keystrokes(browser, *keys):
             ac.perform()
         else:              # single key stroke. Check if modifier eg. "up"
             browser.send_keys(getattr(Keys, keys[0].upper(), keys[0]))
+
+def validate_dualmode_state(notebook, mode, index):
+    '''Validate the entire dual mode state of the notebook.  
+    Checks if the specified cell is selected, and the mode and keyboard mode are the same.
+    Depending on the mode given:
+        Command: Checks that no cells are in focus or in edit mode.
+        Edit:    Checks that only the specified cell is in focus and in edit mode.
+    '''
+    def is_only_cell_edit(index):
+        JS = 'return Jupyter.notebook.get_cells().map(function(c) {return c.mode;})'
+        cells_mode = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+        #None of the cells are in edit mode
+        if index is None:
+            for mode in cells_mode:
+                if mode == 'edit':
+                    return False
+            return True
+        #Only the index cell is on edit mode
+        for i, mode in enumerate(cells_mode):
+            if i == index:
+                if mode != 'edit':
+                    return False
+            else:
+                if mode == 'edit':
+                    return False
+        return True
+
+    def is_focused_on(index):
+        JS = "return $('#notebook .CodeMirror-focused textarea').length;"
+        focused_cells = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+        if index is None:
+            return focused_cells == 0
+
+        if focused_cells != 1: #only one cell is focused
+            return False
+
+        JS = "return $('#notebook .CodeMirror-focused textarea')[0];"
+        focused_cell = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+        JS = "return IPython.notebook.get_cell(%s).code_mirror.getInputField()"%index
+        cell = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+        return focused_cell == cell
+
+
+    #general test
+    JS = "return IPython.keyboard_manager.mode;"
+    keyboard_mode = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+    JS = "return IPython.notebook.mode;"
+    notebook_mode = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+
+    #validate selected cell
+    JS = "return Jupyter.notebook.get_selected_cells_indices();"
+    cell_index = notebook.browser.execute_script(JS)
+    assert cell_index == [index] #only the index cell is selected
+
+    if mode != 'command' and mode != 'edit':
+        raise Exception('An unknown mode was send: mode = "%s"'%mode) #An unknown mode is send
+
+    #validate mode
+    assert mode == keyboard_mode #keyboard mode is correct
+
+    if mode == 'command':
+        assert is_focused_on(None) #no focused cells
+
+        assert is_only_cell_edit(None) #no cells in edit mode
+    
+    elif mode == 'edit':
+        assert is_focused_on(index) #The specified cell is focused
+
+        assert is_only_cell_edit(index) #The specified cell is the only one in edit mode
+    
\ No newline at end of file