README.md

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-# stu1
-

面向对象学生系统/Dal/__init__.py

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+class StudentDal:
+    def __init__(self,file_path:str):
+        self.file_path=file_path
+        self._ensure_file_exists()
+
+
+
+def _ensure_file_exists(self):
+    if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+        with open(self.file_path,mode='w',encoding='utf-8')as file:
+            json.dump([],file)

面向对象学生系统/Dal/add_students.py

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+def add_student(self,student:Student)-> bool:
+    students=self.load_students()
+    for existing_student in students:
+        if existing_student.sid==student.sid:
+            return False
+    students.append(student)
+    self.save_students(students)
+    return True

面向对象学生系统/Dal/check_students_exists.py

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+def check_students_exists(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    return self.find_studemts_by_sid(sid) is not None

面向对象学生系统/Dal/clear_all_students.py

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+def clear_all_students(self)-> None:
+    self.save_students([])
+    def get_student_count(self)->int:
+        return len(self.load_students())
+    def check_student_exists(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+        return self.find_student_by_sid(sid) is not None

面向对象学生系统/Dal/delete_student.py

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+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    students= self.load_students()
+    initial_length=len(students)
+    students=[student for student in students if student.sid!= sid]
+    if len(students)<initial_length:
+        return True
+    return False

面向对象学生系统/Dal/find_student_by_class_name.py

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+def find_student_by_class_name(self,class_name:str)-> Lise[Student]:
+    students = self.load_students()
+    return[s for s in students if class_name.lower()in s.class_name.lower()]

面向对象学生系统/Dal/find_students_by_name.py

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+def find_students_by_name(self,name:str)-> List[Student]:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    return [student for student in students if name.lower() in student.name.lower()]

面向对象学生系统/Dal/find_students_by_sid.py

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+def find_student_by_sid(self,sid:str)-> Optional[Student]:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    for student in students:
+        if student.sid==sid:
+            return student
+    return None

面向对象学生系统/Dal/get_all_students.py

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+def get_all_students(self)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.load_students()

面向对象学生系统/Dal/get_student_count.py

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+def get_student_count(self)-> int:
+    return len(self.load_students())

面向对象学生系统/Dal/idal.py

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+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import List, Optional
+from models.student import Student
+
+
+class IStudentDAL(ABC):
+    """学生信息数据访问层接口"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        """添加学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def delete_student(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        """删除学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def update_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据身份证号获取学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据学号获取学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_all(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """获取所有学生"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按姓名查询(模糊)"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按班级查询(模糊)"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按专业查询(模糊)"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def count_students(self) -> int:
+        """统计学生总数"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def count_by_major(self) -> dict:
+        """按专业统计人数"""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def clear_all(self) -> bool:
+        """清空所有学生数据"""
+        pass

面向对象学生系统/Dal/json_dal.py

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+import json
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from dal.idal import IStudentDAL
+
+
+class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
+    """JSON存储实现"""
+
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str = 'data/students.json'):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self._ensure_file_exists()
+
+    def _ensure_file_exists(self):
+
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.file_path), exist_ok=True)
+        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                json.dump([], f)
+
+    def _load_data(self) -> List[dict]:
+        """加载JSON数据"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    def _save_data(self, data: List[dict]):
+        """保存数据到JSON文件"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+
+        # 检查学号和身份证号是否已存在
+        for item in data:
+            if item['id_card'] == student.id_card or item['stu_id'] == student.stu_id:
+                return False
+
+        data.append(student.to_dict())
+        self._save_data(data)
+        return True
+
+    def delete_student(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        original_length = len(data)
+
+        data = [item for item in data if item['id_card'] != id_card]
+
+        if len(data) != original_length:
+            self._save_data(data)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def update_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        updated = False
+
+        for i, item in enumerate(data):
+            if item['id_card'] == student.id_card:
+                data[i] = student.to_dict()
+                updated = True
+                break
+
+        if updated:
+            self._save_data(data)
+        return updated
+
+    def get_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        for item in data:
+            if item['id_card'] == id_card:
+                return Student.from_dict(item)
+        return None
+
+    def get_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        for item in data:
+            if item['stu_id'] == stu_id:
+                return Student.from_dict(item)
+        return None
+
+    def get_all(self) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data]
+
+    def get_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data if name.lower() in item['name'].lower()]
+
+    def get_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data
+                if item['class_name'] and class_name.lower() in item['class_name'].lower()]
+
+    def get_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data
+                if item['major'] and major.lower() in item['major'].lower()]
+
+    def count_students(self) -> int:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return len(data)
+
+    def count_by_major(self) -> dict:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        majors = {}
+
+        for item in data:
+            major = item.get('major', '未指定')
+            majors[major] = majors.get(major, 0) + 1
+
+        return majors
+
+    def clear_all(self) -> bool:
+        self._save_data([])
+        return True

面向对象学生系统/Dal/load_students.py

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+def load_students(self)-> List[Student]:
+    with open(self.file_path,mode='r',encoding='utf-8')as file:
+        student_dicts=json.load(file)
+        return[Student.from_dict(student_dict) for student_dict in student_dicts]

面向对象学生系统/Dal/save_students.py

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+def save_students(self,students:List[Student])-> None:
+    student_dicts=[student.to_dict() for student in students]
+    with open(self.file_path,mode="w",encoding="utf-8") as file:
+        json.dump(student_dicts,file,ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)

面向对象学生系统/Dal/studentDAL.py

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+import json
+
+from typing_extensions import Optional
+from xlwings.pro.reports.filters import height
+
+from 面向对象学生系统.model.test.student import Student
+class StudentDAL:
+    def __init__(self,file_path:str):
+        self.file_path=file_path
+        self._ensure_file_exists()
+def _ensure_file_exist(self):
+    if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+        with open(self,file_path,mode='w',encoding='utf-8') as file:
+            json.dump([],file)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

面向对象学生系统/Dal/update_student.py

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+def update_student(self,sid:str,updated_student:Student)-> bool:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    for i, student in enumerate(students):
+        if student.sid== sid:
+            student[i]=upadted_student
+            self.save_students(students)
+            return True
+    return False

面向对象学生系统/Dal/update_student_partial.py

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+def update_student_partial(self, sid: str, name: Optional[str] = None, height:Optional[float]=None, birth_date: Optional[date] = None, enrollment_date:Optional[date] = None, class_name:Optional[
+    str] = None)->bool:
+students = self.load_students()
+for i, student in enumerate(students):
+    if students.sid == sid:
+        if name is not None:
+            students[i].name = name
+        if height is not None:
+            students[i].height = height
+        if birth_date is not None:
+            students[i].birth_date = birth_date
+        if enrollemnt_date is not None:
+            students[i].enrollemnt_date = enrollemnt_date
+        if class_name is not None:
+            students[i].class_name = class_name
+        self.save_students(students)
+        return True
+return False

面向对象学生系统/bll/clear_all_students.py

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+def clear_all_students(self) -> None:
+    self.dal.clear_all_students()

面向对象学生系统/bll/delete_student.py

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+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生ID{sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.delete_student(sid)
+

面向对象学生系统/bll/export_students.py

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+def export_students(self,file_path:str)-> bool:
+    student =self.dal.get_all_students()
+    try:
+        with open(file_path,'w',encoding='utf-8')as f:
+            json.dump([student.to_dict() for student in students],f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"导出学生数据到JOSN 时出错：{e}")
+        return False

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_avg_height.py

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+def get_avg_height(self)-> float:
+    students =self.dal.get_all_students()
+    if not students:
+        return 0.0
+    total_height = sum(student.height for student in students)
+    return total_height/len(students)

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_student_by_count.py

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+def get_student_by_count(self)-> int:
+    return self.dal.get_student_by_count()

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_student_by_height.py

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+def get_student_by_height(self,min_height:int,max_height:int)-> List[Student]:
+    students=self.dal.get_all_students()
+    return [s for s in students if min_height <= s.height <= max_height]

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_student_by_id.py

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+def get_student_by_id(self,sid:str)-> Optional[Student]:
+    return self.dal.find_student_by_sid(sid)
+def get_student_by_name(self,name:str)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.dal.find_student_by_name(name)
+def get_student_by_class(self,class_name:str)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.dal.find_student_by_class_name(name)
+def get_all_students(self)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.dal.get_all_students()

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_students_by_age.py

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+def get_students_by_age(self,min_age:int,max_age:int)->List[Student]:
+    today =date.today()
+    students = self.dal.get_all_students()
+    age_filtered_students=[]
+    for student in students:
+        age =today.year-student.birth_date.year-((today.month,today,day)<(student.birth_date.month,student.birth_date.day))
+        if min_age <=age<=max_age:
+            age_filtered_students.append(student)
+    return age_filtered_students

面向对象学生系统/bll/get_students_by_enrollment_year.py

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+def get_students_by_enrollment_year(self,year:int)-> List[Student]:
+    students =self.dal.get_all_students()
+    return [student for student in students if student.enrollment_date.year ==year]

面向对象学生系统/bll/import_students.py

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+def import_students(self,file_path:str)-> bool:
+    try:
+        with open(file_path,'r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            student_dicts =json.load(f)
+        students=[Student.from_dict(student_dict) for student_dict in student_dicts]
+        for student in students:
+            if not student.is_valid:
+                print(f"导入学生数据时校验不通过，学生ID：{student.sid},错误信息：{student.get_errors()}")
+                continue
+            if not self.dal.check_student_exists(student.sid):
+                self.dal.add_student(student)
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"从JSON导入学生数据时出错：{e}")
+        return False

面向对象学生系统/bll/studentBLL.py

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+class StudentBll:
+    def __init__(self,dal:StudentDal):
+        self.dal=dal
+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生 ID {sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.delete_students(sid)

面向对象学生系统/bll/student_serive.py

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+from typing import List, Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from dal.idal import IStudentDAL
+from utils.validator import validate_student_data
+from utils.id_utils import is_valid_id_card
+
+
+class StudentService:
+    """学生信息业务逻辑层"""
+
+    def __init__(self, dal: IStudentDAL):
+        self.dal = dal
+
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """添加学生"""
+        # 数据验证
+        is_valid, msg = validate_student_data(student)
+        if not is_valid:
+            return False, msg
+
+        # 检查学号是否已存在
+        if self.dal.get_by_stu_id(student.stu_id):
+            return False, "学号已存在"
+
+        # 检查身份证号是否已存在
+        if self.dal.get_by_id(student.id_card):
+            return False, "身份证号已存在"
+
+        # 添加学生
+        success = self.dal.add_student(student)
+        return success, "添加成功" if success else "添加失败"
+
+    def delete_student(self, id_card: str) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """删除学生"""
+        if not is_valid_id_card(id_card):
+            return False, "无效的身份证号"
+
+        success = self.dal.delete_student(id_card)
+        return success, "删除成功" if success else "删除失败"
+
+    def update_student(self, student: Student) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        # 数据验证
+        is_valid, msg = validate_student_data(student)
+        if not is_valid:
+            return False, msg
+
+        # 检查学生是否存在
+        existing = self.dal.get_by_id(student.id_card)
+        if not existing:
+            return False, "学生不存在"
+
+        # 检查学号是否被其他学生使用
+        stu_with_same_id = self.dal.get_by_stu_id(student.stu_id)
+        if stu_with_same_id and stu_with_same_id.id_card != student.id_card:
+            return False, "学号已被其他学生使用"
+
+        success = self.dal.update_student(student)
+        return success, "更新成功" if success else "更新失败"
+
+    def get_student_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据身份证号获取学生"""
+        if not is_valid_id_card(id_card):
+            return None
+        return self.dal.get_by_id(id_card)
+
+    def get_student_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """根据学号获取学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_stu_id(stu_id)
+
+    def get_all_students(self) -> List[Student]:
+        """获取所有学生"""
+        return self.dal.get_all()
+
+    def search_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按姓名查询(模糊)"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_name(name)
+
+    def search_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按班级查询(模糊)"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_class(class_name)
+
+    def search_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        """按专业查询(模糊)"""
+        return self.dal.get_by_major(major)
+
+    def count_total_students(self) -> int:
+        """统计学生总数"""
+        return self.dal.count_students()
+
+    def count_by_major(self) -> dict:
+        """按专业统计人数"""
+        return self.dal.count_by_major()
+
+    def calculate_avg_height(self, group_by: str = None) -> dict:
+        """计算平均身高"""
+        students = self.dal.get_all()
+        if not group_by:
+            heights = [s.height for s in students if s.height is not None]
+            return {'all': sum(heights) / len(heights)} if heights else {'all': 0}
+
+        groups = {}
+        for student in students:
+            if student.height is None:
+                continue
+
+            key = getattr(student, group_by)
+            if key not in groups:
+                groups[key] = []
+            groups[key].append(student.height)
+
+        return {k: sum(v) / len(v) for k, v in groups.items()}
+
+    def clear_all_data(self) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+        """清空所有学生数据"""
+        success = self.dal.clear_all()
+        return success, "数据已清空" if success else "清空失败"

面向对象学生系统/bll/update_student.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+def update_student(self,sid:str,student:Student)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生ID{sid}不存在")
+    if not student.is_valid:
+        raise ValueError(f"学生数据校验不通过，错误信息：{student.get_errors()}")
+    return self.dal.update_student(sid,student)

面向对象学生系统/bll/update_student_partial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def update_student_partial(self,sid:str,name:Optional[str]=None,height:Optional[int]=None,birth_date:Optional[date]=None,enrollment_date:Optional[date]=None,class_name:Optional[str]=None)->bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生ID{sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.update_student_partial(sid,name,height,birth_date,enrollment_date,class_name)

面向对象学生系统/model/UI/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class StudentTUI:
+    def __init__(self,bll:StudentBLL):
+        self.bll=bll

面向对象学生系统/model/UI/add_student.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+def add_student()

面向对象学生系统/model/UI/dal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import json
+
+from typing_extensions import Optional
+from xlwings.pro.reports.filters import height
+
+from 面向对象学生系统.model.test.student import Student
+class StudentDAL:
+    def __init__(self,file_path:str):
+        self.file_path=file_path
+        self._ensure_file_exists()
+def _ensure_file_exist(self):
+    if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+        with open(self,file_path,mode='w',encoding='utf-8') as file:
+            json.dump([],file)
+def save_students(self,students:List[Student])-> None:
+    student_dicts=[student.to_dict() for student in students]
+    with open(self.file_path,mode="w",encoding="utf-8") as file:
+        json.dump(student_dicts,file,ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)
+def load_students(self)-> List[Student]:
+    with open(self.file_path,mode='r',encoding='utf-8')as file:
+        student_dicts=json.load(file)
+        return[Student.from_dict(student_dict) for student_dict in student_dicts]
+def add_student(self,student:Student)-> bool:
+    students=self.load_students()
+    for existing_student in students:
+        if existing_student.sid==student.sid:
+            return False
+    students.append(student)
+    self.save_students(students)
+    return True
+def find_student_by_sid(self,sid:str)-> Optional[Student]:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    for student in students:
+        if student.sid==sid:
+            return student
+    return None
+def find_students_by_name(self,name:str)-> List[Student]:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    return [student for student in students if name.lower() in student.name.lower()]
+def find_student_by_class_name(slef,class_nmae:str)-> Lise[Student]:
+    students = self.load_students()
+    return[s for s in students if class_name.lower()in s.class_name.lower()]
+def get_all_students(self)-> List[Student]:
+    return self.load_students()
+def update_student(self,sid:str,upadted_student:Student)-> bool:
+    students =self.load_students()
+    for i, student in enumerate(students):
+        if student.sid== sid:
+            student[i]=upadted_student
+            self.save_students(students)
+            return True
+    return False
+def update_student_partial(self,sid:str,name:Optional[str]=None,height=Optional[float]=None,birth_date:Optional[date]=None,enrollment_date:Optional[date]=None,class_name:Optional[str]=None)->bool:
+    students= self.load_students()
+    for i,student in enumerate(students):
+        if students.sid==sid:
+
+            if name is not None:
+                students[i].name=name
+            if height is not None:
+                students[i].height=height
+            if birth_date is not None:
+                students[i].birth_date=birth_date
+            if enrollemnt_date is not None:
+                students[i].enrollemnt_date=enrollemnt_date
+            if class_name is not None:
+                students[i].class_name=class_name
+            self.save_students(students)
+            return True
+    return False
+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    students= self.load_students()
+    initial_length=len(students)
+    students=[student for student in students if student.sid!= sid]
+    if len(students)<initial_length:
+        return True
+    return False
+def clear_all_students(self)-> None:
+    self.save_students([])
+    def get_student_count(self)->int:
+        return len(self.load_students())
+    def check_student_exists(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+        return self.find_student_by_sid(sid) is not None
+
+
+
+
+

面向对象学生系统/model/UI/display_menu.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+def display_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 学生信息管理系统 ====")
+    print("1.添加学生信息")
+    print("2.删除学生信息")
+    print("3.更新学生信息")
+    print("4.查询学生信息")
+    print("5.统计分析")
+    print("6.数据导入导出")
+    print("7.清空所有学生信息")
+    print("8.退出系统")
+    print("==========================")
+def display_query_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 查询学生信息 ====")
+    print("1.查询所有学生")
+    print("2.按学生ID查询")
+    print("3.按姓名查询")
+    print("4.按班级查询")
+    print("5.返回上一级")
+    print("==========================")
+def display_states_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 统计分析 ====")
+    print("1.学生总数")
+    print("2.平均身高")
+    print("3.按身高范围统计")
+    print("4.按入学年份统计")
+    print("5.按年龄范围统计")
+    print("6.返回上一级")
+    print("==========================")
+def display_import_export_menu(self):
+    print("\n===== 数据导入导出 ====")
+    print("1.导出数据到JSON")
+    print("2.从JSON导入数据")
+    print("3.返回上一级")
+    print("==========================")
+
+
+

面向对象学生系统/model/bll.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class StudentBll:
+    def __init__(self,dal:StudentDal):
+        self.dal=dal
+def delete_student(self,sid:str)-> bool:
+    if not self.dal.check_student_exists(sid):
+        raise ValueError(f"学生 ID {sid}不存在。")
+    return self.dal.delete_students(sid)

面向对象学生系统/model/test/Model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+class Student:
+    def __init__(self,sid:str,name:str,height:int,birth_date:date|str,enrollment_date:date| str,class_name:str):
+        self.sid=sid
+        self.name=name.strip()
+        self.height=height
+        self.birth_date =birth_date if isinstance(birth_date,date) else date.fromisoformat(birth_date)
+        self.enrollment_date=enrollment_date if isinstance(enrollment_date,date)else date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
+        self.class_name=class_name
+        self._validation_errors=[]
+        self._validation_height()
+        self._validation_date()
+        self._validation_name()
+def _validate_height(self)-> None:
+    if not (50<=self.height<=250):
+        self._validation_errors.append(f"身高{self.height}cm超出合理范围（50-250厘米）")
+def _validate_name(self)-> None:
+    if not(2<=len(self.name)<=20):
+        self._validation_errors.append(f"姓名包含不可打印字符")
+def _validate_date(self)-> None:
+    today =date.today()
+    if self.birth_date>today:
+        self._validation_errors.append("出生日期不能在未来  ")
+    if self.enrollment_date >today:
+        self._validation_errors.append(" 入学日期不能在未来 ")
+    if self.birth_date>self.enrollment_date:
+        self._validation_errors.append("入学日期不能早于出生日期")
+@property
+def is_valid(self)->bool:
+    return len(self._validtion_errors)==0
+def get_errors(self)-> list[str]:
+    return self.validtion_errors.copy()
+def __eq__(self,other)->bool:
+    if not isinstance(other,Student):
+        return NotImplemented
+    return(self.sid==other.sid and self.name==other.name and self.height== other.height and self.birth_date==other.birth_date and self.enrollment_date==other.enrollment_date and self.class_name==other.class_name)
+def to_dict(self)-> dict:
+    return{'sid':self.sid,'name':self.name,'height':self.height,'birth_date':self.birth_date.isoformat(),'enrollment_date':self.enrollment_date_isoformat().'class_name':self.class_name}
+@classmethod
+def from_dict(cls,date:dict)->'Student':
+    birth_date =bir_d if isinstance(bir_d:=data['birth_date'],date)else date.fromisoformat(bir_d)
+    enrollment_date=enr_d if isinstance(enr_d:=data['enrollment_date'],data)else date.fromisoformat(enr_d)
+    return cls(sid=data['sid'],name=data['name'].strip(),height=data['height'],birth_date=birth_date,enrollment_date=enrollment_date,class_name=data['class_name'])
+def __repr__(self)->str:
+    return(f"{self.__class__.__name__}("f"sid='{self.sid}',"f"name='{self.name}',"f"height={self.height},"f"birth_date=date({self.birth_date.year},{self.birth_date.month},{self.birth_date.day}),"
+           f")

面向对象学生系统/model/test/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+import re
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Union, List
+
+
+class Student:
+    """
+    学生信息类，用于封装学生基本信息及相关操作功能
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            name: str,
+            id_card: str,
+            stu_id: str,
+            gender: Optional[bool] = None,
+            height: Optional[int] = None,
+            weight: Optional[float] = None,
+            enrollment_date: Union[date, str, None] = None,
+            class_name: Optional[str] = None,
+            major: Optional[str] = None
+    ):
+        """
+        初始化学生对象
+
+        :param name: 学生姓名，2-20个字符
+        :param id_card: 身份证号，18位含正确校验码
+        :param stu_id: 学号，非空
+        :param gender: 性别，True(男)/False(女)/None(未知)
+        :param height: 身高(cm)，50-250之间
+        :param weight: 体重(kg)，5-300之间，保留1位小数
+        :param enrollment_date: 入学日期，date对象或YYYY-MM-DD格式字符串
+        :param class_name: 班级名称
+        :param major: 专业名称
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.id_card = id_card
+        self.stu_id = stu_id
+        self.gender = gender
+        self.height = height
+        self.weight = weight
+        self.class_name = class_name
+        self.major = major
+
+        # 处理入学日期
+        if isinstance(enrollment_date, str):
+            try:
+                self.enrollment_date = date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.enrollment_date = None
+        else:
+            self.enrollment_date = enrollment_date
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    @name.setter
+    def name(self, value: str):
+        self._name = value
+
+    @property
+    def id_card(self) -> str:
+        return self._id_card
+
+    @id_card.setter
+    def id_card(self, value: str):
+        self._id_card = value
+
+    @property
+    def stu_id(self) -> str:
+        return self._stu_id
+
+    @stu_id.setter
+    def stu_id(self, value: str):
+        self._stu_id = value
+
+    @property
+    def gender(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+        return self._gender
+
+    @gender.setter
+    def gender(self, value: Optional[bool]):
+        self._gender = value
+
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        return self._height
+
+    @height.setter
+    def height(self, value: Optional[int]):
+        self._height = value
+
+    @property
+    def weight(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        return self._weight
+
+    @weight.setter
+    def weight(self, value: Optional[float]):
+        self._weight = value
+
+    @property
+    def enrollment_date(self) -> Optional[date]:
+        return self._enrollment_date
+
+    @enrollment_date.setter
+    def enrollment_date(self, value: Optional[Union[date, str]]):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            try:
+                self._enrollment_date = date.fromisoformat(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                self._enrollment_date = None
+        else:
+            self._enrollment_date = value
+
+    @property
+    def class_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._class_name
+
+    @class_name.setter
+    def class_name(self, value: Optional[str]):
+        self._class_name = value
+
+    @property
+    def major(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._major
+
+    @major.setter
+    def major(self, value: Optional[str]):
+        self._major = value
+
+    # 只读属性
+    @property
+    def birthday(self) -> Optional[date]:
+        """从身份证号中提取出生日期"""
+        if not self.id_card or len(self.id_card) != 18:
+            return None
+
+        birth_date_str = self.id_card[6:14]
+        try:
+            return date(
+                year=int(birth_date_str[0:4]),
+                month=int(birth_date_str[4:6]),
+                day=int(birth_date_str[6:8])
+            )
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        """计算年龄"""
+        if not self.birthday:
+            return None
+
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - self.birthday.year
+
+        # 如果生日还没到，年龄减1
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (self.birthday.month, self.birthday.day):
+            age -= 1
+
+        return age
+
+    @property
+    def errors(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """返回所有校验错误信息"""
+        errors = {}
+
+        # 校验姓名
+        if not isinstance(self.name, str) or len(self.name) < 2 or len(self.name) > 20:
+            errors['name'] = "姓名必须为2-20个字符的字符串"
+
+        # 校验学号
+        if not isinstance(self.stu_id, str) or not self.stu_id:
+            errors['stu_id'] = "学号不能为空"
+
+        # 校验身份证号
+        id_card_errors = self.__validate_id_card()
+        if id_card_errors:
+            errors['id_card'] = id_card_errors
+
+        # 校验身高
+        if self.height is not None:
+            if not isinstance(self.height, int) or self.height < 50 or self.height > 250:
+                errors['height'] = "身高必须在50-250厘米之间"
+
+        # 校验体重
+        if self.weight is not None:
+            if not isinstance(self.weight, (int, float)) or self.weight < 5 or self.weight > 300:
+                errors['weight'] = "体重必须在5-300千克之间"
+            elif isinstance(self.weight, float) and len(str(self.weight).split('.')[1]) > 1:
+                errors['weight'] = "体重最多保留一位小数"
+
+        # 校验入学日期
+        if self.enrollment_date is not None:
+            if not isinstance(self.enrollment_date, date):
+                errors['enrollment_date'] = "入学日期格式无效"
+            elif self.enrollment_date > date.today():
+                errors['enrollment_date'] = "入学日期不能晚于当前日期"
+
+        return errors
+
+    @property
+    def is_valid(self) -> bool:
+        """检查学生信息是否全部有效"""
+        return not bool(self.errors)
+
+    def __validate_id_card(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """验证身份证号有效性"""
+        if not isinstance(self.id_card, str):
+            return "身份证号必须为字符串"
+
+        id_card = self.id_card.upper()
+
+        # 长度校验
+        if len(id_card) != 18:
+            return "身份证号长度必须为18位"
+
+        # 前17位必须为数字
+        if not id_card[:17].isdigit():
+            return "身份证号前17位必须为数字"
+
+        # 最后一位可以是数字或X
+        last_char = id_card[17]
+        if not (last_char.isdigit() or last_char == 'X'):
+            return "身份证号最后一位必须是数字或X"
+
+        # 校验码验证
+        check_code = self.__get_check_code(id_card[:17])
+        if check_code != last_char:
+            return f"身份证号校验位错误，应为{check_code}"
+
+        # 出生日期验证
+        birth_date_str = id_card[6:14]
+        if not self.__validate_date(birth_date_str):
+            return "身份证号中的出生日期无效"
+
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def __get_check_code(first_17: str) -> str:
+        """计算身份证校验码"""
+        if len(first_17) != 17 or not first_17.isdigit():
+            raise ValueError("输入必须是17位数字")
+
+        # 加权因子
+        weights = [2 ** (17 - i) % 11 for i in range(17)]
+
+        # 计算加权和
+        total = sum(int(digit) * weight for digit, weight in zip(first_17, weights))
+
+        # 计算校验码
+        check_map = {0: '1', 1: '0', 2: 'X', 3: '9', 4: '8',
+                     5: '7', 6: '6', 7: '5', 8: '4', 9: '3', 10: '2'}
+        return check_map[total % 11]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def __validate_date(date_str: str) -> bool:
+        """验证日期字符串(YYYYMMDD)是否有效"""
+        if len(date_str) != 8 or not date_str.isdigit():
+            return False
+
+        year = int(date_str[0:4])
+        month = int(date_str[4:6])
+        day = int(date_str[6:8])
+
+        # 简单验证年份范围
+        if year < 1900 or year > date.today().year:
+            return False
+
+        # 验证月份
+        if month < 1 or month > 12:
+            return False
+
+        # 验证日期
+        try:
+            date(year=year, month=month, day=day)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
+        """将学生对象转换为字典"""
+        data = {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'id_card': self.id_card,
+            'stu_id': self.stu_id,
+            'gender': self.gender,
+            'height': self.height,
+            'weight': self.weight,
+            'class_name': self.class_name,
+            'major': self.major
+        }
+
+        # 处理入学日期
+        if self.enrollment_date:
+            data['enrollment_date'] = self.enrollment_date.isoformat()
+        else:
+            data['enrollment_date'] = None
+
+        return data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: Dict) -> 'Student':
+        """从字典创建学生对象"""
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise TypeError("输入数据必须是字典类型")
+
+        # 处理入学日期
+        enrollment_date = data.get('enrollment_date')
+        if isinstance(enrollment_date, str):
+            try:
+                enrollment_date = date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
+            except ValueError:
+                enrollment_date = None
+
+        return cls(
+            name=data.get('name'),
+            id_card=data.get('id_card'),
+            stu_id=data.get('stu_id'),
+            gender=data.get('gender'),
+            height=data.get('height'),
+            weight=data.get('weight'),
+            enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+            class_name=data.get('class_name'),
+            major=data.get('major')
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """返回对象的字符串表示"""
+        attrs = []
+        for key, value in vars(self).items():
+            # 去掉下划线前缀
+            clean_key = key.lstrip('_')
+
+            if value is None:
+                attrs.append(f"{clean_key}=None")
+            elif isinstance(value, str):
+                attrs.append(f"{clean_key}='{value}'")
+            elif isinstance(value, date):
+                attrs.append(f"{clean_key}=date.fromisoformat('{value.isoformat()}')")
+            else:
+                attrs.append(f"{clean_key}={value}")
+
+        return f"Student({', '.join(attrs)})"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_properties(cls) -> List[str]:
+        """获取使用@property装饰的属性列表"""
+        properties = []
+        for name, value in vars(cls).items():
+            if isinstance(value, property):
+                properties.append(name)
+        return properties

面向对象学生系统/model/test/student.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from datetime import date
+class Student:
+    def __init__(self,sid:str,name:str,height:int,birth_date:date|str,enrollment_date:date| str,class_name:str):
+        self.sid=sid
+        self.name=name.strip()
+        self.height=height
+        self.birth_date =birth_date if isinstance(birth_date,date) else date.fromisoformat(birth_date)
+        self.enrollment_date=enrollment_date if isinstance(enrollment_date,date)else date.fromisoformat(enrollment_date)
+        self.class_name=class_name
+        self._validation_errors=[]
+        self._validation_height()
+        self._validation_date()
+        self._validation_name()
+    def _validate_height(self)-> None:
+        if not(50<=self.height<=250):
+            self._validation_errors.append(f"身高{self.height}cm超出合理范围（50-250厘米）")
+    def _validate_name(self)-> None:
+        if not(2<=len(self.name)<=20):
+            self._validation_errors.append("姓名长度需在2-20个字符之间")
+        if not self.name.isprintable():
+            self._validation_errors.append("姓名包含不可打印字符")
+    def _validate_date(self)-> None:
+        today=date.today()
+        if self.birth_date>today:
+            self._validation_errors.append("出生日期不能在未来")
+        if self.enrollment_date>today:
+            self._validation_errors.append("入学日期不能在未来")
+        if self.birth_date>self.enrollment_date:
+            self._validation_errors.append("入学日期不能早于出生日期")
+@property
+def is_valid(self)-> bool:
+    return len(self._validation_errors)==0
+def get_errors(self)-> list[str]:
+    return self.validation_error.copy()
+
+def __eq__(self,other)->bool:
+    if not isinstance(other,Student):
+        return NotImplemented
+    return(self.sid==other.sid and self.name==other.name and self.height== other.height and self.birth_date==other.birth_date and self.enrollment_date==other.enrollment_date and self.class_name==other.class_na)
+def to_dict(self)-> dict:
+    return{'sid':self.sid,'name':self.name,'height':self.height,'birth_date':self.birth_date.isoformat(),'enrollment_date':self.enrollment_date_isoformat().'class_name':self.class_name}
+@classmethod
+def from_dict(cls,date:dict)->'Student':
+    birth_date =bir_d if isinstance(bir_d:=data['birth_date'],date)else date.fromisoformat(bir_d)
+    enrollment_date=enr_d if isinstance(enr_d:=data['enrollment_date'],data)else date.fromisoformat(enr_d)
+    return cla(sid=data['sid'],name=data['name'].strip(),height=data['height'],birth_date=birth_date,enrollment_date=enrollment_date,class_name=data['class_name'])
+def __repr__(self)->str:
+    return(f"{self.__class__.__name__}("f"sid='{self.sid}',"f"name='{self.name}',"f"height={self.height},"f"birth_date=date({self.birth_date.year},{self.birth_date.month},{self.birth_date.day}),"
+           f")

面向对象学生系统/models/students.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from datetime import date
+from typing import Optional, Union
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Student:
+    name: str
+    id_card: str
+    stu_id: str
+    gender: Optional[bool] = None  # True:男, False:女
+    height: Optional[int] = None  # cm
+    weight: Optional[float] = None  # kg
+    enrollment_date: Optional[Union[date, str]] = None
+    class_name: Optional[str] = None
+    major: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> int:
+        """从身份证号计算年龄(周岁)"""
+        from utils.id_utils import calculate_age
+        return calculate_age(self.id_card)
+
+    @property
+    def birthday(self) -> date:
+        """从身份证号提取出生日期"""
+        from utils.id_utils import extract_birthday
+        return extract_birthday(self.id_card)
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """将学生对象转换为字典"""
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'id_card': self.id_card,
+            'stu_id': self.stu_id,
+            'gender': self.gender,
+            'height': self.height,
+            'weight': self.weight,
+            'enrollment_date': self.enrollment_date.isoformat()
+            if isinstance(self.enrollment_date, date) else self.enrollment_date,
+            'class_name': self.class_name,
+            'major': self.major
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> 'Student':
+        """从字典创建学生对象"""
+        from datetime import datetime
+
+        enrollment_date = data.get('enrollment_date')
+        if enrollment_date and isinstance(enrollment_date, str):
+            try:
+                enrollment_date = datetime.strptime(enrollment_date, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        return cls(
+            name=data['name'],
+            id_card=data['id_card'],
+            stu_id=data['stu_id'],
+            gender=data.get('gender'),
+            height=data.get('height'),
+            weight=data.get('weight'),
+            enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+            class_name=data.get('class_name'),
+            major=data.get('major')
+        )

面向对象学生系统/ui/console_ui.py

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+import sys
+from datetime import date
+from typing import Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from bll.student_service import StudentService
+
+
+class ConsoleUI:
+    """控制台用户界面"""
+
+    def __init__(self, service: StudentService):
+        self.service = service
+
+    def run(self):
+        """运行主界面"""
+        while True:
+            self._display_main_menu()
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                self._add_student()
+            elif choice == '2':
+                self._delete_student()
+            elif choice == '3':
+                self._update_student()
+            elif choice == '4':
+                self._query_students()
+            elif choice == '5':
+                self._statistics()
+            elif choice == '6':
+                self._import_export()
+            elif choice == '7':
+                self._clear_all_data()
+            elif choice == '0':
+                print("感谢使用学生信息管理系统，再见！")
+                sys.exit(0)
+            else:
+                print("无效选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def _display_main_menu(self):
+        """显示主菜单"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    学生信息管理系统    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+        print("1. 添加学生信息")
+        print("2. 删除学生信息")
+        print("3. 更新学生信息")
+        print("4. 查询学生信息")
+        print("5. 统计分析")
+        print("6. 数据导入导出")
+        print("7. 清空所有学生信息")
+        print("0. 退出系统")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+    def _add_student(self):
+        """添加学生"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    添加学生信息    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+        student = self._input_student_info()
+        if student is None:
+            return
+
+        success, msg = self.service.add_student(student)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _delete_student(self):
+        """删除学生"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    删除学生信息    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+        id_card = input("请输入要删除学生的身份证号: ").strip()
+        success, msg = self.service.delete_student(id_card)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _update_student(self):
+        """更新学生信息"""
+        print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+        print("    更新学生信息    ")
+        print("=" * 30)
+
+        id_card = input("请输入要更新学生的身份证号: ").strip()
+        existing = self.service.get_student_by_id(id_card)
+        if not existing:
+            print("学生不存在")
+            return
+
+        print("\n当前学生信息:")
+        self._display_student_details(existing)
+
+        print("\n请输入新的学生信息(留空保持原值):")
+        student = self._input_student_info(existing)
+        if student is None:
+            return
+
+        success, msg = self.service.update_student(student)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _query_students(self):
+        """查询学生信息"""
+        while True:
+            print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+            print("    查询学生信息    ")
+            print("=" * 30)
+            print("1. 查询所有学生")
+            print("2. 按身份证号查询")
+            print("3. 按学号查询")
+            print("4. 按姓名查询")
+            print("5. 按班级查询")
+            print("6. 按专业查询")
+            print("7. 返回上一级")
+            print("=" * 30)
+
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                self._list_all_students()
+            elif choice == '2':
+                self._query_by_id_card()
+            elif choice == '3':
+                self._query_by_stu_id()
+            elif choice == '4':
+                self._query_by_name()
+            elif choice == '5':
+                self._query_by_class()
+            elif choice == '6':
+                self._query_by_major()
+            elif choice == '7':
+                return
+            else:
+                print("无效选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def _statistics(self):
+        """统计分析"""
+        while True:
+            print("\n" + "=" * 30)
+            print("    统计分析    ")
+            print("=" * 30)
+            print("1. 学生总数")
+            print("2. 各专业人数统计")
+            print("3. 平均身高")
+            print("4. 平均体重")
+            print("5. 返回上一级")
+            print("=" * 30)
+
+            choice = input("请选择操作: ").strip()
+
+            if choice == '1':
+                count = self.service.count_total_students()
+                print(f"\n学生总数: {count}")
+            elif choice == '2':
+                stats = self.service.count_by_major()
+                print("\n各专业人数统计:")
+                for major, count in stats.items():
+                    print(f"{major}: {count}人")
+            elif choice == '3':
+                avg_height = self.service.calculate_avg_height()
+                print(f"\n全体学生平均身高: {avg_height['all']:.1f}cm")
+            elif choice == '4':
+                # 类似实现平均体重
+                pass
+            elif choice == '5':
+                return
+            else:
+                print("无效选择，请重新输入！")
+
+    def _input_student_info(self, existing: Student = None) -> Optional[Student]:
+        """输入学生信息"""
+        try:
+            name = self._get_input("姓名", existing.name if existing else None, required=True)
+            id_card = self._get_input("身份证号", existing.id_card if existing else None, required=True)
+            stu_id = self._get_input("学号", existing.stu_id if existing else None, required=True)
+            gender = self._get_gender_input(existing.gender if existing else None)
+            height = self._get_int_input("身高(cm)", existing.height if existing else None, 50, 250)
+            weight = self._get_float_input("体重(kg)", existing.weight if existing else None, 5, 300)
+            enrollment_date = self._get_date_input("入学日期", existing.enrollment_date if existing else None)
+            class_name = self._get_input("班级", existing.class_name if existing else None)
+            major = self._get_input("专业", existing.major if existing else None)
+
+            return Student(
+                name=name,
+                id_card=id_card,
+                stu_id=stu_id,
+                gender=gender,
+                height=height,
+                weight=weight,
+                enrollment_date=enrollment_date,
+                class_name=class_name,
+                major=major
+            )
+        except ValueError as e:
+            print(f"输入错误: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    # 其他辅助方法...

面向对象学生系统/utils/validator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import json
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional
+from models.student import Student
+from dal.idal import IStudentDAL
+
+
+class JsonStudentDAL(IStudentDAL):
+    """JSON存储实现"""
+
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str = 'data/students.json'):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self._ensure_file_exists()
+
+    def _ensure_file_exists(self):
+        """确保JSON文件存在"""
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.file_path), exist_ok=True)
+        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
+            with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                json.dump([], f)
+
+    def _load_data(self) -> List[dict]:
+        """加载JSON数据"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    def _save_data(self, data: List[dict]):
+        """保存数据到JSON文件"""
+        with open(self.file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    def add_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+
+        # 检查学号和身份证号是否已存在
+        for item in data:
+            if item['id_card'] == student.id_card or item['stu_id'] == student.stu_id:
+                return False
+
+        data.append(student.to_dict())
+        self._save_data(data)
+        return True
+
+    def delete_student(self, id_card: str) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        original_length = len(data)
+
+        data = [item for item in data if item['id_card'] != id_card]
+
+        if len(data) != original_length:
+            self._save_data(data)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def update_student(self, student: Student) -> bool:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        updated = False
+
+        for i, item in enumerate(data):
+            if item['id_card'] == student.id_card:
+                data[i] = student.to_dict()
+                updated = True
+                break
+
+        if updated:
+            self._save_data(data)
+        return updated
+
+    def get_by_id(self, id_card: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        for item in data:
+            if item['id_card'] == id_card:
+                return Student.from_dict(item)
+        return None
+
+    def get_by_stu_id(self, stu_id: str) -> Optional[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        for item in data:
+            if item['stu_id'] == stu_id:
+                return Student.from_dict(item)
+        return None
+
+    def get_all(self) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data]
+
+    def get_by_name(self, name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data if name.lower() in item['name'].lower()]
+
+    def get_by_class(self, class_name: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data
+                if item['class_name'] and class_name.lower() in item['class_name'].lower()]
+
+    def get_by_major(self, major: str) -> List[Student]:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return [Student.from_dict(item) for item in data
+                if item['major'] and major.lower() in item['major'].lower()]
+
+    def count_students(self) -> int:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        return len(data)
+
+    def count_by_major(self) -> dict:
+        data = self._load_data()
+        majors = {}
+
+        for item in data:
+            major = item.get('major', '未指定')
+            majors[major] = majors.get(major, 0) + 1
+
+        return majors
+
+    def clear_all(self) -> bool:
+        self._save_data([])
+        return True