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"""
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抽象工厂模式 (Abstract Factory Pattern)
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意图：提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定它们的具体类。
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应用场景：
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- 系统要独立于它的产品的创建、组合和表示时
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- 系统要由多个产品系列中的一个来配置时
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- 当你要强调一系列相关的产品对象的设计以便进行联合使用时
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- 当你提供一个产品类库，而只想暴露接口而不是实现时
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结构：
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- AbstractFactory: 声明创建抽象产品的接口
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- ConcreteFactory: 实现创建具体产品的操作
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- AbstractProduct: 声明一类产品的接口
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- ConcreteProduct: 定义具体工厂创建的产品对象
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- Client: 使用抽象工厂和抽象产品的接口
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"""
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
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# 抽象产品族A
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class AbstractProductA(ABC):
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"""抽象产品A的接口"""
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@abstractmethod
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def useful_function_a(self) -> str:
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"""产品A的有用功能"""
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pass
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# 具体产品A1
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class ConcreteProductA1(AbstractProductA):
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"""具体产品A1"""
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def useful_function_a(self) -> str:
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return "产品A1的有用功能"
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# 具体产品A2
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class ConcreteProductA2(AbstractProductA):
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"""具体产品A2"""
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def useful_function_a(self) -> str:
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return "产品A2的有用功能"
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# 抽象产品族B
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class AbstractProductB(ABC):
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"""抽象产品B的接口"""
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@abstractmethod
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def useful_function_b(self) -> str:
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"""产品B的有用功能"""
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def another_useful_function_b(self, collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> str:
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"""产品B与产品A协作的功能"""
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pass
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# 具体产品B1
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class ConcreteProductB1(AbstractProductB):
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"""具体产品B1"""
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def useful_function_b(self) -> str:
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return "产品B1的有用功能"
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def another_useful_function_b(self, collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> str:
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result = collaborator.useful_function_a()
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return f"产品B1与{collaborator.__class__.__name__}协作: {result}"
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# 具体产品B2
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class ConcreteProductB2(AbstractProductB):
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"""具体产品B2"""
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def useful_function_b(self) -> str:
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return "产品B2的有用功能"
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def another_useful_function_b(self, collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> str:
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result = collaborator.useful_function_a()
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return f"产品B2与{collaborator.__class__.__name__}协作: {result}"
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# 抽象工厂
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class AbstractFactory(ABC):
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"""抽象工厂接口，声明创建抽象产品的方法"""
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@abstractmethod
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def create_product_a(self) -> AbstractProductA:
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"""创建产品A"""
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def create_product_b(self) -> AbstractProductB:
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"""创建产品B"""
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pass
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# 具体工厂1
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class ConcreteFactory1(AbstractFactory):
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"""具体工厂1，生产产品族1"""
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def create_product_a(self) -> AbstractProductA:
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return ConcreteProductA1()
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def create_product_b(self) -> AbstractProductB:
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return ConcreteProductB1()
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# 具体工厂2
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class ConcreteFactory2(AbstractFactory):
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"""具体工厂2，生产产品族2"""
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def create_product_a(self) -> AbstractProductA:
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return ConcreteProductA2()
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def create_product_b(self) -> AbstractProductB:
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return ConcreteProductB2()
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# 客户端代码
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class Client:
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"""客户端类，使用抽象工厂和抽象产品"""
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def __init__(self, factory: AbstractFactory):
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"""初始化客户端
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Args:
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factory: 具体工厂实例
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"""
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self.factory = factory
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def do_something(self) -> str:
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"""使用工厂创建的产品执行操作"""
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product_a = self.factory.create_product_a()
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product_b = self.factory.create_product_b()
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result = []
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result.append(product_b.useful_function_b())
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result.append(product_b.another_useful_function_b(product_a))
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return "\n".join(result)
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# 扩展：更复杂的抽象工厂示例 - UI组件工厂
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class Button(ABC):
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"""按钮抽象类"""
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@abstractmethod
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def render(self) -> str:
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"""渲染按钮"""
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pass
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class Checkbox(ABC):
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"""复选框抽象类"""
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@abstractmethod
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def render(self) -> str:
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"""渲染复选框"""
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pass
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class TextField(ABC):
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"""文本框抽象类"""
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@abstractmethod
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def render(self) -> str:
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"""渲染文本框"""
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pass
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# Windows风格组件
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class WindowsButton(Button):
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"""Windows风格按钮"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染Windows风格按钮"
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class WindowsCheckbox(Checkbox):
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"""Windows风格复选框"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染Windows风格复选框"
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class WindowsTextField(TextField):
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"""Windows风格文本框"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染Windows风格文本框"
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# MacOS风格组件
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class MacOSButton(Button):
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"""MacOS风格按钮"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染MacOS风格按钮"
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class MacOSCheckbox(Checkbox):
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"""MacOS风格复选框"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染MacOS风格复选框"
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class MacOSTextField(TextField):
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"""MacOS风格文本框"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染MacOS风格文本框"
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# Linux风格组件
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class LinuxButton(Button):
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"""Linux风格按钮"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染Linux风格按钮"
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class LinuxCheckbox(Checkbox):
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"""Linux风格复选框"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染Linux风格复选框"
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class LinuxTextField(TextField):
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"""Linux风格文本框"""
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def render(self) -> str:
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return "渲染Linux风格文本框"
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# UI组件工厂接口
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class UIFactory(ABC):
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"""UI组件工厂接口"""
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@abstractmethod
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def create_button(self) -> Button:
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"""创建按钮"""
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def create_checkbox(self) -> Checkbox:
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"""创建复选框"""
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def create_text_field(self) -> TextField:
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"""创建文本框"""
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pass
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# Windows UI工厂
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class WindowsUIFactory(UIFactory):
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"""Windows UI组件工厂"""
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def create_button(self) -> Button:
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return WindowsButton()
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def create_checkbox(self) -> Checkbox:
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return WindowsCheckbox()
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def create_text_field(self) -> TextField:
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return WindowsTextField()
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# MacOS UI工厂
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class MacOSUIFactory(UIFactory):
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"""MacOS UI组件工厂"""
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def create_button(self) -> Button:
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return MacOSButton()
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def create_checkbox(self) -> Checkbox:
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return MacOSCheckbox()
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def create_text_field(self) -> TextField:
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return MacOSTextField()
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# Linux UI工厂
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class LinuxUIFactory(UIFactory):
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"""Linux UI组件工厂"""
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def create_button(self) -> Button:
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return LinuxButton()
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def create_checkbox(self) -> Checkbox:
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return LinuxCheckbox()
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def create_text_field(self) -> TextField:
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return LinuxTextField()
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# 应用类
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class Application:
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"""应用类，使用UI工厂创建界面"""
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def __init__(self, factory: UIFactory):
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"""初始化应用
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Args:
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factory: UI组件工厂
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"""
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self.factory = factory
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self.button = None
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self.checkbox = None
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self.text_field = None
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def create_ui(self):
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"""创建用户界面"""
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self.button = self.factory.create_button()
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self.checkbox = self.factory.create_checkbox()
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self.text_field = self.factory.create_text_field()
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def render_ui(self) -> str:
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"""渲染用户界面
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Returns:
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str: 渲染结果
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"""
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if not self.button:
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self.create_ui()
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result = []
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result.append(self.button.render())
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result.append(self.checkbox.render())
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result.append(self.text_field.render())
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return "\n".join(result)
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def configure_application(os_type: str) -> Application:
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"""根据操作系统类型配置应用
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Args:
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os_type: 操作系统类型
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Returns:
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Application: 配置好的应用实例
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Raises:
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ValueError: 当操作系统类型无效时
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"""
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factories = {
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"windows": WindowsUIFactory(),
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"macos": MacOSUIFactory(),
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"linux": LinuxUIFactory()
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}
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if os_type.lower() not in factories:
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raise ValueError(f"不支持的操作系统: {os_type}")
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factory = factories[os_type.lower()]
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return Application(factory)
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def main():
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"""演示抽象工厂模式"""
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print("=== 抽象工厂模式演示 ===")
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# 基本抽象工厂模式演示
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print("\n1. 基本抽象工厂模式：")
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factories = [
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ConcreteFactory1(),
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ConcreteFactory2()
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]
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for factory in factories:
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print(f"\n使用{factory.__class__.__name__}:")
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client = Client(factory)
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print(client.do_something())
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# UI组件工厂演示
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print("\n2. UI组件工厂示例：")
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try:
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for os_type in ["Windows", "MacOS", "Linux"]:
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print(f"\n配置{os_type}风格界面:")
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app = configure_application(os_type)
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print(app.render_ui())
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# 测试错误处理
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|
|
configure_application("iOS")
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|
except ValueError as e:
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|
|
print(f"\n异常处理测试: {e}")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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|
main() |
