python_1/test.py

"""
个人财务管理系统
作者：[你的名字]
日期：2026年1月7日
"""

import json
from datetime import datetime

# 全局变量
records = []  # 存储所有收支记录
categories = ['餐饮', '交通', '购物', '娱乐', '工资', '奖金', '其他']  # 收支类别


def load_data():
    """从文件加载数据"""
    global records
    try:
        with open('finance_data.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            records = json.load(f)
        print("历史数据加载成功！")
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("未找到历史数据，将创建新文件。")
        records = []


def save_data():
    """保存数据到文件"""
    with open('finance_data.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(records, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
    print("数据已保存！")


def add_record():
    """添加收支记录"""
    print("\n--- 添加收支记录 ---")

    # 输入数据
    amount = float(input("请输入金额（正数为收入，负数为支出）："))

    print("可选类别：")
    for i, cat in enumerate(categories, 1):
        print(f"{i}. {cat}")

    cat_choice = int(input("请选择类别编号："))
    category = categories[cat_choice - 1] if 1 <= cat_choice <= len(categories) else "其他"

    note = input("请输入备注（可选）：")

    # 创建记录字典
    record = {
        'id': len(records) + 1,
        'date': datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"),
        'amount': amount,
        'category': category,
        'note': note
    }

    records.append(record)
    print(f"记录添加成功！ID：{record['id']}")


def query_records():
    """查询收支记录"""
    print("\n--- 查询记录 ---")
    print("1. 查看所有记录")
    print("2. 按日期查询")
    print("3. 按类别查询")

    choice = input("请选择查询方式：")

    if choice == '1':
        display_records(records)
    elif choice == '2':
        date_str = input("请输入日期（YYYY-MM-DD）：")
        filtered = [r for r in records if r['date'].startswith(date_str)]
        display_records(filtered)
    elif choice == '3':
        print("可选类别：")
        for i, cat in enumerate(categories, 1):
            print(f"{i}. {cat}")
        cat_choice = int(input("请选择类别编号："))
        if 1 <= cat_choice <= len(categories):
            filtered = [r for r in records if r['category'] == categories[cat_choice - 1]]
            display_records(filtered)


def display_records(record_list):
    """显示记录列表"""
    if not record_list:
        print("没有找到相关记录。")
        return

    print(f"\n共找到 {len(record_list)} 条记录：")
    print("-" * 60)
    print(f"{'ID':<5}{'日期':<20}{'类别':<10}{'金额':<15}{'备注'}")
    print("-" * 60)

    total_income = 0
    total_expense = 0

    for record in record_list:
        amount = record['amount']
        if amount > 0:
            total_income += amount
        else:
            total_expense += abs(amount)

        print(f"{record['id']:<5}{record['date']:<20}"
              f"{record['category']:<10}{amount:<15.2f}{record['note']}")

    print("-" * 60)
    print(f"总收入：{total_income:.2f} | 总支出：{total_expense:.2f} | 结余：{total_income - total_expense:.2f}")


def statistics():
    """统计报表功能"""
    if not records:
        print("暂无数据可统计。")
        return

    print("\n--- 财务统计报表 ---")

    # 计算各类别支出
    expense_by_category = {}
    income_total = 0
    expense_total = 0

    for record in records:
        amount = record['amount']
        category = record['category']

        if amount > 0:
            income_total += amount
        else:
            expense_total += abs(amount)
            if category not in expense_by_category:
                expense_by_category[category] = 0
            expense_by_category[category] += abs(amount)

    # 显示统计结果
    print(f"记录总数：{len(records)}")
    print(f"总收入：{income_total:.2f}")
    print(f"总支出：{expense_total:.2f}")
    print(f"净结余：{income_total - expense_total:.2f}")

    print("\n支出类别分布：")
    if expense_by_category:
        for category, amount in expense_by_category.items():
            percentage = (amount / expense_total * 100) if expense_total > 0 else 0
            print(f"  {category}: {amount:.2f} ({percentage:.1f}%)")


def main_menu():
    """主菜单"""
    load_data()  # 启动时加载数据

    while True:
        print("\n" + "=" * 50)
        print("          个人财务管理系统")
        print("=" * 50)
        print("1. 添加收支记录")
        print("2. 查询记录")
        print("3. 财务统计")
        print("4. 保存数据")
        print("5. 退出系统")

        choice = input("\n请选择操作（1-5）：")

        if choice == '1':
            add_record()
        elif choice == '2':
            query_records()
        elif choice == '3':
            statistics()
        elif choice == '4':
            save_data()
        elif choice == '5':
            save_data()
            print("感谢使用，再见！")
            break
        else:
            print("输入无效，请重新选择。")


# 程序入口
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main_menu()