nudt-compiler-cpp/src/sem/Sema.cpp

#include "sem/Sema.h"

#include <any>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "SysYBaseVisitor.h"
#include "sem/SymbolTable.h"
#include "utils/Log.h"

namespace {

constexpr int kUnknownArrayDim = -1;

struct ExprInfo {
  SemanticType type = SemanticType::Int;
  bool is_lvalue = false;
  bool is_const_object = false;
  std::vector<int> dimensions;
  bool has_const_value = false;
  ScalarConstant const_value;

  bool IsScalar() const { return dimensions.empty() && type != SemanticType::Void; }
  bool IsArray() const { return !dimensions.empty(); }
};

SemanticType ParseBType(SysYParser::BTypeContext& ctx) {
  if (ctx.INT()) {
    return SemanticType::Int;
  }
  if (ctx.FLOAT()) {
    return SemanticType::Float;
  }
  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "未知基础类型"));
}

SemanticType ParseFuncType(SysYParser::FuncTypeContext& ctx) {
  if (ctx.VOID()) {
    return SemanticType::Void;
  }
  if (ctx.INT()) {
    return SemanticType::Int;
  }
  if (ctx.FLOAT()) {
    return SemanticType::Float;
  }
  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "未知函数返回类型"));
}

int ConvertToInt(const ScalarConstant& value) {
  return static_cast<int>(value.number);
}

double ConvertToFloat(const ScalarConstant& value) { return value.number; }

bool IsNumericType(SemanticType type) {
  return type == SemanticType::Int || type == SemanticType::Float;
}

bool CanImplicitlyConvert(SemanticType from, SemanticType to) {
  if (from == to) {
    return true;
  }
  if (!IsNumericType(from) || !IsNumericType(to)) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

ScalarConstant CastConstant(const ScalarConstant& value, SemanticType to) {
  if (!CanImplicitlyConvert(value.type, to)) {
    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "非法常量类型转换"));
  }
  ScalarConstant result;
  result.type = to;
  result.number = to == SemanticType::Int ? static_cast<double>(ConvertToInt(value))
                                          : ConvertToFloat(value);
  return result;
}

bool IsTrue(const ScalarConstant& value) {
  if (value.type == SemanticType::Float) {
    return value.number != 0.0;
  }
  return ConvertToInt(value) != 0;
}

ScalarConstant MakeInt(int value) {
  return ScalarConstant{SemanticType::Int, static_cast<double>(value)};
}

ScalarConstant MakeFloat(double value) {
  return ScalarConstant{SemanticType::Float, value};
}

const antlr4::Token* StartToken(const antlr4::ParserRuleContext* ctx) {
  return ctx ? ctx->getStart() : nullptr;
}

[[noreturn]] void ThrowSemaError(const antlr4::ParserRuleContext* ctx,
                                 std::string_view msg) {
  if (const auto* tok = StartToken(ctx)) {
    throw std::runtime_error(
        FormatErrorAt("sema", tok->getLine(), tok->getCharPositionInLine(), msg));
  }
  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", msg));
}

int ParseIntLiteral(SysYParser::IntConstContext& ctx) {
  return std::stoi(ctx.getText(), nullptr, 0);
}

double ParseFloatLiteral(SysYParser::FloatConstContext& ctx) {
  const std::string text = ctx.getText();
  char* end = nullptr;
  const double value = std::strtod(text.c_str(), &end);
  if (end == nullptr || *end != '\0') {
    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "非法浮点字面量: " + text));
  }
  return value;
}

FunctionBinding MakeBuiltinFunction(std::string name, SemanticType return_type,
                                    std::vector<ObjectBinding> params) {
  FunctionBinding fn;
  fn.name = std::move(name);
  fn.return_type = return_type;
  fn.params = std::move(params);
  fn.is_builtin = true;
  return fn;
}

ObjectBinding MakeParam(std::string name, SemanticType type,
                        std::vector<int> dimensions = {},
                        bool is_array_param = false) {
  ObjectBinding param;
  param.name = std::move(name);
  param.type = type;
  param.decl_kind = ObjectBinding::DeclKind::Param;
  param.dimensions = std::move(dimensions);
  param.is_array_param = is_array_param;
  return param;
}

class SemaVisitor final : public SysYBaseVisitor {
 public:
  SemaVisitor() { RegisterBuiltins(); }

  std::any visitCompUnit(SysYParser::CompUnitContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少编译单元");
    }

    CollectFunctions(*ctx);
    for (auto* item : ctx->topLevelItem()) {
      if (!item) {
        continue;
      }
      item->accept(this);
    }

    const FunctionBinding* main = sema_.ResolveFunction("main");
    if (!main || main->is_builtin) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少 main 函数定义");
    }
    if (main->return_type != SemanticType::Int || !main->params.empty()) {
      ThrowSemaError(main->func_def, "main 函数必须是无参 int main()");
    }
    return {};
  }

  std::any visitTopLevelItem(SysYParser::TopLevelItemContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少顶层定义");
    }
    if (ctx->decl()) {
      ctx->decl()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->funcDef()) {
      ctx->funcDef()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    ThrowSemaError(ctx, "暂不支持的顶层定义");
  }

  std::any visitDecl(SysYParser::DeclContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少声明");
    }
    if (ctx->constDecl()) {
      ctx->constDecl()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->varDecl()) {
      ctx->varDecl()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法声明");
  }

  std::any visitConstDecl(SysYParser::ConstDeclContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->bType()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法常量声明");
    }
    const SemanticType type = ParseBType(*ctx->bType());
    for (auto* def : ctx->constDef()) {
      DeclareConst(*def, type);
    }
    return {};
  }

  std::any visitVarDecl(SysYParser::VarDeclContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->bType()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法变量声明");
    }
    const SemanticType type = ParseBType(*ctx->bType());
    for (auto* def : ctx->varDef()) {
      DeclareVar(*def, type);
    }
    return {};
  }

  std::any visitFuncDef(SysYParser::FuncDefContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->ID() || !ctx->funcType() || !ctx->block()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法函数定义");
    }

    const FunctionBinding* binding = sema_.ResolveFunction(ctx->ID()->getText());
    if (!binding) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "函数未完成预收集: " + ctx->ID()->getText());
    }

    const FunctionBinding* prev = current_function_;
    current_function_ = binding;
    symbols_.EnterScope();
    for (const auto& param : binding->params) {
      if (!symbols_.Add(param)) {
        ThrowSemaError(ctx, "函数形参重复定义: " + param.name);
      }
    }
    ctx->block()->accept(this);
    symbols_.ExitScope();
    current_function_ = prev;
    return {};
  }

  std::any visitBlock(SysYParser::BlockContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少语句块");
    }
    symbols_.EnterScope();
    for (auto* item : ctx->blockItem()) {
      if (item) {
        item->accept(this);
      }
    }
    symbols_.ExitScope();
    return {};
  }

  std::any visitBlockItem(SysYParser::BlockItemContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少块内语句");
    }
    if (ctx->decl()) {
      ctx->decl()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->stmt()) {
      ctx->stmt()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法块内语句");
  }

  std::any visitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "缺少语句");
    }

    if (ctx->BREAK()) {
      if (loop_depth_ == 0) {
        ThrowSemaError(ctx, "break 只能出现在循环内部");
      }
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->CONTINUE()) {
      if (loop_depth_ == 0) {
        ThrowSemaError(ctx, "continue 只能出现在循环内部");
      }
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->RETURN()) {
      CheckReturn(*ctx);
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->WHILE()) {
      RequireScalar(ctx->cond(), EvalCond(*ctx->cond()), "while 条件必须是标量表达式");
      ++loop_depth_;
      ctx->stmt(0)->accept(this);
      --loop_depth_;
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->IF()) {
      RequireScalar(ctx->cond(), EvalCond(*ctx->cond()), "if 条件必须是标量表达式");
      ctx->stmt(0)->accept(this);
      if (ctx->stmt().size() > 1 && ctx->stmt(1)) {
        ctx->stmt(1)->accept(this);
      }
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->block()) {
      ctx->block()->accept(this);
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->lVal() && ctx->ASSIGN()) {
      CheckAssignment(*ctx);
      return {};
    }
    if (ctx->exp()) {
      EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
      return {};
    }
    return {};
  }

  std::any visitExp(SysYParser::ExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->addExp()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法表达式");
    }
    return EvalExpr(*ctx->addExp());
  }

  std::any visitCond(SysYParser::CondContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->lOrExp()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法条件表达式");
    }
    return EvalExpr(*ctx->lOrExp());
  }

  std::any visitLVal(SysYParser::LValContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->ID()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法左值");
    }
    return AnalyzeLVal(*ctx);
  }

  std::any visitPrimaryExp(SysYParser::PrimaryExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法基础表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->exp()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
    }
    if (ctx->lVal()) {
      return AnalyzeLVal(*ctx->lVal());
    }
    if (ctx->number()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->number());
    }
    ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法基础表达式");
  }

  std::any visitNumber(SysYParser::NumberContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法数字字面量");
    }
    if (ctx->intConst()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->intConst());
    }
    if (ctx->floatConst()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->floatConst());
    }
    ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法数字字面量");
  }

  std::any visitIntConst(SysYParser::IntConstContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法整数字面量");
    }
    ExprInfo expr;
    expr.type = SemanticType::Int;
    expr.has_const_value = true;
    expr.const_value = MakeInt(ParseIntLiteral(*ctx));
    return expr;
  }

  std::any visitFloatConst(SysYParser::FloatConstContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法浮点字面量");
    }
    ExprInfo expr;
    expr.type = SemanticType::Float;
    expr.has_const_value = true;
    expr.const_value = MakeFloat(ParseFloatLiteral(*ctx));
    return expr;
  }

  std::any visitUnaryExp(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法一元表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->primaryExp()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->primaryExp());
    }
    if (ctx->ID()) {
      return AnalyzeCall(*ctx);
    }
    if (ctx->addUnaryOp() && ctx->unaryExp()) {
      ExprInfo operand = EvalExpr(*ctx->unaryExp());
      RequireScalar(ctx->unaryExp(), operand, "一元运算要求标量操作数");
      ExprInfo result;
      result.type = operand.type;
      if (ctx->addUnaryOp()->SUB() && operand.has_const_value) {
        result.has_const_value = true;
        result.const_value = operand.const_value;
        result.const_value.number = -result.const_value.number;
      } else if (ctx->addUnaryOp()->ADD() && operand.has_const_value) {
        result.has_const_value = true;
        result.const_value = operand.const_value;
      }
      return result;
    }
    ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法一元表达式");
  }

  std::any visitMulExp(SysYParser::MulExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法乘法表达式");
    }
    // 如果是 mulExp : unaryExp 形式（没有 MUL/DIV/MOD token），直接处理 unaryExp
    if (!ctx->MUL() && !ctx->DIV() && !ctx->MOD()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->unaryExp());
    }
    // 否则是 mulExp MUL/DIV/MOD unaryExp 形式
    ExprInfo lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->mulExp());
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->unaryExp());
    return EvalArithmetic(*ctx, lhs, rhs, ctx->MUL() ? '*' : (ctx->DIV() ? '/' : '%'));
  }

  std::any visitAddExp(SysYParser::AddExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法加法表达式");
    }
    // 如果是 addExp : mulExp 形式（没有 ADD/SUB token），直接处理 mulExp
    if (!ctx->ADD() && !ctx->SUB()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->mulExp());
    }
    // 否则是 addExp ADD/SUB mulExp 形式
    ExprInfo lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->addExp());
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->mulExp());
    return EvalArithmetic(*ctx, lhs, rhs, ctx->ADD() ? '+' : '-');
  }

  std::any visitRelExp(SysYParser::RelExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法关系表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->relExp() == nullptr) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->addExp());
    }
    ExprInfo lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->relExp());
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->addExp());
    return EvalCompare(*ctx, lhs, rhs);
  }

  std::any visitEqExp(SysYParser::EqExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法相等表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->eqExp() == nullptr) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->relExp());
    }
    ExprInfo lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->eqExp());
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->relExp());
    return EvalCompare(*ctx, lhs, rhs);
  }

  std::any visitCondUnaryExp(SysYParser::CondUnaryExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法条件一元表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->eqExp()) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->eqExp());
    }
    ExprInfo operand = EvalExpr(*ctx->condUnaryExp());
    RequireScalar(ctx->condUnaryExp(), operand, "逻辑非要求标量操作数");
    ExprInfo result;
    result.type = SemanticType::Int;
    if (operand.has_const_value) {
      result.has_const_value = true;
      result.const_value = MakeInt(IsTrue(operand.const_value) ? 0 : 1);
    }
    return result;
  }

  std::any visitLAndExp(SysYParser::LAndExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法逻辑与表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->lAndExp() == nullptr) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->condUnaryExp());
    }
    ExprInfo lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->lAndExp());
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->condUnaryExp());
    return EvalLogical(*ctx, lhs, rhs, true);
  }

  std::any visitLOrExp(SysYParser::LOrExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法逻辑或表达式");
    }
    if (ctx->lOrExp() == nullptr) {
      return EvalExpr(*ctx->lAndExp());
    }
    ExprInfo lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->lOrExp());
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->lAndExp());
    return EvalLogical(*ctx, lhs, rhs, false);
  }

  std::any visitConstExp(SysYParser::ConstExpContext* ctx) override {
    if (!ctx || !ctx->addExp()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "非法常量表达式");
    }
    ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*ctx->addExp());
    if (!expr.IsScalar() || !expr.has_const_value) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, "要求编译期常量表达式");
    }
    return expr;
  }

  SemanticContext TakeSemanticContext() { return std::move(sema_); }

 private:
  ExprInfo EvalExpr(antlr4::tree::ParseTree& node) {
    return std::any_cast<ExprInfo>(node.accept(this));
  }

  ExprInfo EvalCond(SysYParser::CondContext& cond) { return EvalExpr(cond); }

  ExprInfo AnalyzeLVal(SysYParser::LValContext& ctx) {
    const std::string name = ctx.ID()->getText();
    const ObjectBinding* symbol = symbols_.Lookup(name);
    if (!symbol) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "使用了未声明的标识符：" + name);
    }

    sema_.BindObjectUse(&ctx, *symbol);

    if (ctx.exp().size() > symbol->dimensions.size()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "数组下标过多: " + name);
    }

    for (auto* exp : ctx.exp()) {
      ExprInfo index = EvalExpr(*exp);
      RequireScalar(exp, index, "数组下标必须是标量表达式");
    }

    ExprInfo result;
    result.type = symbol->type;
    result.is_const_object = symbol->decl_kind == ObjectBinding::DeclKind::Const;
    result.is_lvalue = ctx.exp().size() == symbol->dimensions.size();
    result.dimensions.assign(symbol->dimensions.begin() + ctx.exp().size(),
                             symbol->dimensions.end());
    if (result.dimensions.empty() && symbol->has_const_value) {
      result.has_const_value = true;
      result.const_value = symbol->const_value;
    }
    return result;
  }

  ExprInfo AnalyzeCall(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext& ctx) {
    const std::string name = ctx.ID()->getText();
    if (const ObjectBinding* object = symbols_.Lookup(name)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "标识符不是函数: " + object->name);
    }

    const FunctionBinding* fn = sema_.ResolveFunction(name);
    if (!fn) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "调用了未定义的函数: " + name);
    }

    std::vector<ExprInfo> args;
    if (ctx.funcRParams()) {
      for (auto* exp : ctx.funcRParams()->exp()) {
        args.push_back(EvalExpr(*exp));
      }
    }
    if (args.size() != fn->params.size()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "函数参数个数不匹配: " + name);
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
      CheckArgument(ctx, fn->params[i], args[i], i);
    }

    sema_.BindFunctionCall(&ctx, *fn);

    ExprInfo result;
    result.type = fn->return_type;
    return result;
  }

  void CheckArgument(const antlr4::ParserRuleContext& call_site,
                     const ObjectBinding& param, const ExprInfo& arg,
                     size_t index) {
    if (param.dimensions.empty()) {
      if (!arg.IsScalar()) {
        ThrowSemaError(&call_site, "第 " + std::to_string(index + 1) +
                                       " 个参数需要标量实参");
      }
      if (!CanImplicitlyConvert(arg.type, param.type)) {
        ThrowSemaError(&call_site, "第 " + std::to_string(index + 1) +
                                       " 个参数类型不匹配");
      }
      return;
    }

    if (!arg.IsArray()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&call_site, "第 " + std::to_string(index + 1) +
                                     " 个参数需要数组实参");
    }
    if (arg.type != param.type || arg.dimensions.size() != param.dimensions.size()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&call_site, "第 " + std::to_string(index + 1) +
                                     " 个数组参数类型不匹配");
    }
    for (size_t dim = 1; dim < param.dimensions.size(); ++dim) {
      if (param.dimensions[dim] != kUnknownArrayDim &&
          arg.dimensions[dim] != param.dimensions[dim]) {
        ThrowSemaError(&call_site, "第 " + std::to_string(index + 1) +
                                       " 个数组参数维度不匹配");
      }
    }
  }

  void CheckAssignment(SysYParser::StmtContext& ctx) {
    ExprInfo lhs = AnalyzeLVal(*ctx.lVal());
    if (!lhs.IsScalar() || !lhs.is_lvalue) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "赋值语句左侧必须是可写标量左值");
    }
    if (lhs.is_const_object) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "不能给 const 对象赋值");
    }
    ExprInfo rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx.exp());
    RequireScalar(ctx.exp(), rhs, "赋值语句右侧必须是标量表达式");
    if (!CanImplicitlyConvert(rhs.type, lhs.type)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "赋值语句两侧类型不兼容");
    }
  }

  void CheckReturn(SysYParser::StmtContext& ctx) {
    if (!current_function_) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "return 语句不在函数内部");
    }
    if (current_function_->return_type == SemanticType::Void) {
      if (ctx.exp()) {
        ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "void 函数不能返回值");
      }
      return;
    }
    if (!ctx.exp()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "非 void 函数必须返回值");
    }
    ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*ctx.exp());
    RequireScalar(ctx.exp(), expr, "return 表达式必须是标量");
    if (!CanImplicitlyConvert(expr.type, current_function_->return_type)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "return 表达式类型与函数返回类型不匹配");
    }
  }

  void DeclareConst(SysYParser::ConstDefContext& ctx, SemanticType type) {
    ObjectBinding symbol;
    symbol.name = ctx.ID()->getText();
    symbol.type = type;
    symbol.decl_kind = ObjectBinding::DeclKind::Const;
    symbol.const_def = &ctx;
    symbol.dimensions = EvalArrayDims(ctx.constIndex(), true);

    if (symbols_.ContainsInCurrentScope(symbol.name)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "重复定义标识符: " + symbol.name);
    }
    if (symbols_.Depth() == 1 && sema_.ResolveFunction(symbol.name)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "全局对象与函数重名: " + symbol.name);
    }

    if (!ctx.constInitVal()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "const 对象缺少初始化");
    }
    if (symbol.dimensions.empty()) {
      symbol.const_value = ValidateConstInitScalar(*ctx.constInitVal(), type);
      symbol.has_const_value = true;
    } else {
      ValidateConstInitAggregate(*ctx.constInitVal(), type);
    }

    if (!symbols_.Add(symbol)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "重复定义标识符: " + symbol.name);
    }
  }

  void DeclareVar(SysYParser::VarDefContext& ctx, SemanticType type) {
    ObjectBinding symbol;
    symbol.name = ctx.ID()->getText();
    symbol.type = type;
    symbol.decl_kind = ObjectBinding::DeclKind::Var;
    symbol.var_def = &ctx;
    symbol.dimensions = EvalArrayDims(ctx.constIndex(), true);

    if (symbols_.ContainsInCurrentScope(symbol.name)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "重复定义标识符: " + symbol.name);
    }
    if (symbols_.Depth() == 1 && sema_.ResolveFunction(symbol.name)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "全局对象与函数重名: " + symbol.name);
    }

    if (!symbols_.Add(symbol)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "重复定义标识符: " + symbol.name);
    }

    if (!ctx.initVal()) {
      return;
    }
    if (symbol.dimensions.empty()) {
      ValidateVarInitScalar(*ctx.initVal(), type, symbols_.Depth() == 1);
    } else {
      ValidateVarInitAggregate(*ctx.initVal(), type, symbols_.Depth() == 1);
    }
  }

  std::vector<int> EvalArrayDims(
      const std::vector<SysYParser::ConstIndexContext*>& indices,
      bool require_positive) {
    std::vector<int> dims;
    dims.reserve(indices.size());
    for (auto* index : indices) {
      if (!index || !index->constExp()) {
        ThrowSemaError(index, "数组维度缺少常量表达式");
      }
      ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*index->constExp());
      if (!expr.IsScalar() || !expr.has_const_value) {
        ThrowSemaError(index, "数组维度必须是整型常量表达式");
      }
      const int dim = ConvertToInt(CastConstant(expr.const_value, SemanticType::Int));
      if (require_positive && dim <= 0) {
        ThrowSemaError(index, "数组维度必须为正整数");
      }
      dims.push_back(dim);
    }
    return dims;
  }

  ScalarConstant ValidateConstInitScalar(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext& init,
                                         SemanticType target_type) {
    if (!init.constExp()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&init, "标量 const 初始化必须是常量表达式");
    }
    ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*init.constExp());
    if (!expr.IsScalar() || !expr.has_const_value) {
      ThrowSemaError(&init, "标量 const 初始化必须是常量表达式");
    }
    return CastConstant(expr.const_value, target_type);
  }

  void ValidateConstInitAggregate(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext& init,
                                  SemanticType target_type) {
    if (init.constExp()) {
      ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*init.constExp());
      if (!expr.IsScalar() || !expr.has_const_value) {
        ThrowSemaError(&init, "数组 const 初始化要求常量表达式");
      }
      CastConstant(expr.const_value, target_type);
      return;
    }
    for (auto* nested : init.constInitVal()) {
      if (nested) {
        ValidateConstInitAggregate(*nested, target_type);
      }
    }
  }

  void ValidateVarInitScalar(SysYParser::InitValContext& init,
                             SemanticType target_type, bool require_constant) {
    if (!init.exp()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&init, "标量初始化非法");
    }
    ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*init.exp());
    RequireScalar(&init, expr, "标量初始化要求标量表达式");
    if (!CanImplicitlyConvert(expr.type, target_type)) {
      ThrowSemaError(&init, "初始化表达式类型不兼容");
    }
    if (require_constant && !expr.has_const_value) {
      ThrowSemaError(&init, "全局变量初始化要求编译期常量");
    }
  }

  void ValidateVarInitAggregate(SysYParser::InitValContext& init,
                                SemanticType target_type, bool require_constant) {
    if (init.exp()) {
      ExprInfo expr = EvalExpr(*init.exp());
      RequireScalar(&init, expr, "数组初始化元素必须是标量表达式");
      if (!CanImplicitlyConvert(expr.type, target_type)) {
        ThrowSemaError(&init, "数组初始化元素类型不兼容");
      }
      if (require_constant && !expr.has_const_value) {
        ThrowSemaError(&init, "全局数组初始化要求编译期常量");
      }
      return;
    }
    for (auto* nested : init.initVal()) {
      if (nested) {
        ValidateVarInitAggregate(*nested, target_type, require_constant);
      }
    }
  }

  ExprInfo EvalArithmetic(const antlr4::ParserRuleContext& ctx, const ExprInfo& lhs,
                          const ExprInfo& rhs, char op) {
    RequireScalar(&ctx, lhs, "算术运算要求标量操作数");
    RequireScalar(&ctx, rhs, "算术运算要求标量操作数");
    ExprInfo result;
    result.type = lhs.type == SemanticType::Float || rhs.type == SemanticType::Float
                      ? SemanticType::Float
                      : SemanticType::Int;
    if (!lhs.has_const_value || !rhs.has_const_value) {
      return result;
    }

    result.has_const_value = true;
    const ScalarConstant lc = CastConstant(lhs.const_value, result.type);
    const ScalarConstant rc = CastConstant(rhs.const_value, result.type);
    if (result.type == SemanticType::Float) {
      double value = 0.0;
      if (op == '+') value = lc.number + rc.number;
      if (op == '-') value = lc.number - rc.number;
      if (op == '*') value = lc.number * rc.number;
      if (op == '/') value = lc.number / rc.number;
      if (op == '%') {
        ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "浮点数不支持取模运算");
      }
      result.const_value = MakeFloat(value);
      return result;
    }

    const int li = ConvertToInt(lc);
    const int ri = ConvertToInt(rc);
    int value = 0;
    if (op == '+') value = li + ri;
    if (op == '-') value = li - ri;
    if (op == '*') value = li * ri;
    if (op == '/') value = li / ri;
    if (op == '%') value = li % ri;
    result.const_value = MakeInt(value);
    return result;
  }

  ExprInfo EvalCompare(antlr4::ParserRuleContext& ctx, const ExprInfo& lhs,
                       const ExprInfo& rhs) {
    RequireScalar(&ctx, lhs, "比较运算要求标量操作数");
    RequireScalar(&ctx, rhs, "比较运算要求标量操作数");
    ExprInfo result;
    result.type = SemanticType::Int;
    if (!lhs.has_const_value || !rhs.has_const_value) {
      return result;
    }

    const SemanticType promoted =
        lhs.type == SemanticType::Float || rhs.type == SemanticType::Float
            ? SemanticType::Float
            : SemanticType::Int;
    const ScalarConstant lc = CastConstant(lhs.const_value, promoted);
    const ScalarConstant rc = CastConstant(rhs.const_value, promoted);
    bool value = false;
    if (auto* rel = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::RelExpContext*>(&ctx)) {
      if (rel->LT()) value = lc.number < rc.number;
      if (rel->GT()) value = lc.number > rc.number;
      if (rel->LE()) value = lc.number <= rc.number;
      if (rel->GE()) value = lc.number >= rc.number;
    } else if (auto* eq = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::EqExpContext*>(&ctx)) {
      if (eq->EQ()) value = lc.number == rc.number;
      if (eq->NE()) value = lc.number != rc.number;
    }
    result.has_const_value = true;
    result.const_value = MakeInt(value ? 1 : 0);
    return result;
  }

  ExprInfo EvalLogical(const antlr4::ParserRuleContext& ctx, const ExprInfo& lhs,
                       const ExprInfo& rhs, bool is_and) {
    RequireScalar(&ctx, lhs, "逻辑运算要求标量操作数");
    RequireScalar(&ctx, rhs, "逻辑运算要求标量操作数");
    ExprInfo result;
    result.type = SemanticType::Int;
    if (!lhs.has_const_value || !rhs.has_const_value) {
      return result;
    }
    const bool value =
        is_and ? (IsTrue(lhs.const_value) && IsTrue(rhs.const_value))
               : (IsTrue(lhs.const_value) || IsTrue(rhs.const_value));
    result.has_const_value = true;
    result.const_value = MakeInt(value ? 1 : 0);
    return result;
  }

  void RequireScalar(const antlr4::ParserRuleContext* ctx, const ExprInfo& expr,
                     std::string_view message) {
    if (!expr.IsScalar()) {
      ThrowSemaError(ctx, message);
    }
  }

  void CollectFunctions(SysYParser::CompUnitContext& ctx) {
    for (auto* item : ctx.topLevelItem()) {
      if (!item || !item->funcDef()) {
        continue;
      }
      FunctionBinding fn = BuildFunctionSignature(*item->funcDef());
      if (sema_.ResolveFunction(fn.name)) {
        ThrowSemaError(item->funcDef(), "重复定义函数: " + fn.name);
      }
      if (symbols_.ContainsInCurrentScope(fn.name)) {
        ThrowSemaError(item->funcDef(), "函数与全局对象重名: " + fn.name);
      }
      sema_.RegisterFunction(std::move(fn));
    }
  }

  FunctionBinding BuildFunctionSignature(SysYParser::FuncDefContext& ctx) {
    FunctionBinding fn;
    fn.name = ctx.ID()->getText();
    fn.return_type = ParseFuncType(*ctx.funcType());
    fn.func_def = &ctx;
    if (ctx.funcFParams()) {
      for (auto* param : ctx.funcFParams()->funcFParam()) {
        fn.params.push_back(BuildParamBinding(*param));
      }
    }
    return fn;
  }

  ObjectBinding BuildParamBinding(SysYParser::FuncFParamContext& ctx) {
    if (!ctx.ID() || !ctx.bType()) {
      ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "非法函数形参");
    }
    ObjectBinding param;
    param.name = ctx.ID()->getText();
    param.type = ParseBType(*ctx.bType());
    param.decl_kind = ObjectBinding::DeclKind::Param;
    param.func_param = &ctx;
    if (!ctx.LBRACK().empty()) {
      param.is_array_param = true;
      param.dimensions.push_back(kUnknownArrayDim);
      for (auto* exp : ctx.exp()) {
        ExprInfo dim = EvalExpr(*exp);
        if (!dim.IsScalar() || !dim.has_const_value) {
          ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "数组形参维度必须是整型常量表达式");
        }
        const int value = ConvertToInt(CastConstant(dim.const_value, SemanticType::Int));
        if (value <= 0) {
          ThrowSemaError(&ctx, "数组形参维度必须为正整数");
        }
        param.dimensions.push_back(value);
      }
    }
    return param;
  }

  void RegisterBuiltins() {
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction("getint", SemanticType::Int, {}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction("getch", SemanticType::Int, {}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(
        MakeBuiltinFunction("getfloat", SemanticType::Float, {}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "getarray", SemanticType::Int,
        {MakeParam("a", SemanticType::Int, {kUnknownArrayDim}, true)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "getfarray", SemanticType::Int,
        {MakeParam("a", SemanticType::Float, {kUnknownArrayDim}, true)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "putint", SemanticType::Void, {MakeParam("x", SemanticType::Int)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "putch", SemanticType::Void, {MakeParam("x", SemanticType::Int)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "putfloat", SemanticType::Void, {MakeParam("x", SemanticType::Float)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "putarray", SemanticType::Void,
        {MakeParam("n", SemanticType::Int),
         MakeParam("a", SemanticType::Int, {kUnknownArrayDim}, true)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(MakeBuiltinFunction(
        "putfarray", SemanticType::Void,
        {MakeParam("n", SemanticType::Int),
         MakeParam("a", SemanticType::Float, {kUnknownArrayDim}, true)}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(
        MakeBuiltinFunction("starttime", SemanticType::Void, {}));
    sema_.RegisterFunction(
        MakeBuiltinFunction("stoptime", SemanticType::Void, {}));
  }

  SymbolTable symbols_;
  SemanticContext sema_;
  const FunctionBinding* current_function_ = nullptr;
  int loop_depth_ = 0;
};

}  // namespace

void SemanticContext::BindObjectUse(const SysYParser::LValContext* use,
                                    ObjectBinding binding) {
  object_uses_[use] = std::move(binding);
}

const ObjectBinding* SemanticContext::ResolveObjectUse(
    const SysYParser::LValContext* use) const {
  auto it = object_uses_.find(use);
  return it == object_uses_.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
}

void SemanticContext::BindFunctionCall(const SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* call,
                                       FunctionBinding binding) {
  function_calls_[call] = std::move(binding);
}

const FunctionBinding* SemanticContext::ResolveFunctionCall(
    const SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* call) const {
  auto it = function_calls_.find(call);
  return it == function_calls_.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
}

void SemanticContext::RegisterFunction(FunctionBinding binding) {
  functions_[binding.name] = std::move(binding);
}

const FunctionBinding* SemanticContext::ResolveFunction(
    const std::string& name) const {
  auto it = functions_.find(name);
  return it == functions_.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
}

SemanticContext RunSema(SysYParser::CompUnitContext& comp_unit) {
  SemaVisitor visitor;
  comp_unit.accept(&visitor);
  return visitor.TakeSemanticContext();
}