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# 学习成绩管理系统
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## 系统介绍
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本成绩管理系统是为教师提供管理班级成绩的工具,该系统可以实现的对学生的成绩进行增、删、改、查、信息保存和信息导入等基本信息,以及对学生成绩排序和分段的扩展功能,有利于对学生成绩管理。
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## 设计思想
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利用结构体——定义STU结构体存储学生学号、姓名、各科成绩、总成绩和平均成绩,利用文件来存储,读取数据。
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## 功能描述
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- 创建学生基本信息,便于之后查询和浏览
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- 录入各科学习成绩
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- 计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分
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- 计算每门课程的总分和平均分
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- 按每个学生的总分由高到低排出名次表
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- 按每个学生的总分由低到高排出名次表
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- 按学号由小到大排出成绩表
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- 按姓名的字母顺序排出成绩表
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- 按学号查询学生排名及其考试成绩
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- 按姓名查询学生排名及考试成绩
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- 按优秀(90-100)、良好(80-89)、中等(70-79)、及格(60-69)、不及格(0-59)5个类别,对每门课程分别统计每个类别的人数以及所占的百分比
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- 输出每个学生的学号、姓名、各科考试成绩、以及每门课程的总分和平均分
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- 将每个学生的记录信息写入文件
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- 从文件中读出每个学生的记录信息并显示
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## 功能设计
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### 基本框架
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// 头文件的使用
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```
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#include<stdio.h>
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#include<stdlib.h>
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#include<string.h>
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```
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// define定义的全局变量
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```
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#define MAX_LEN 10 //字符串最大长度
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#define STU_NUM 30 //最多的考试人数
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#define COURSE_NUM 6 //最多的考试科目
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```
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// 结构体的定义
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```
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typedef struct student{
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long num; //每个学生的学号
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char name[MAX_LEN]; //每个学生的姓名
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float score[COURSE_NUM]; //每个学生COURSE_NUM门功课的成绩
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float sum; //每个学生的总成绩
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float aver; //每个学生的平均成绩
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}STU;
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```
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// 函数声明
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```
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int Menu(void); //菜单显示、用户输入函数
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void ReadScore(STU stu[],int n,int m); //学生成绩录入函数
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void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[],int n,int m); //求每个学生总分和平均分的函数
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void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[],int n,int m); //求每门课程总分和平均分的函数
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void SortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int (*compare)(float a,float b)); //选择法将数组 sum 的元素排序的函数
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int Ascending(float a,float b); //使数据按升序排序的函数
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int Descending(float a,float b); //使数据按降序排序的函数
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void SwapFloat(float *x,float *y); //用于交换两个单精度浮点数的函数
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void SwapLong(long *x,long *y); //用于交换两个长整型数据的函数
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void SwapChar(char x[],char y[]); //用于交换两个字符串的函数
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void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m); //选择法将数组 num 的元素值从低到高排序的函数
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void SortbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m); //交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序的函数
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void SearchbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m); //按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果的函数
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void SearchbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m); //按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表的函数
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void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[],int n,int m); //统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比的函数
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void PrintScore(STU stu[],int n,int m); //打印学生成绩的函数
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void WritetoFile(STU record[],int n,int m); //输出学生信息到文件中的函数
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void ReadfromFile(STU record[],int *n,int *m); //从文件中读取学生信息的函数
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```
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// 主函数
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```
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int main(void)
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{
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char ch;
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int n = 0,m = 0;
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STU stu[STU_NUM];
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printf("Input student number(n<%d):",STU_NUM);
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scnaf("%d",&n);
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printf("Input course number(m<=%d):",COURSE_NUM);
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scanf("%d",&m);
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while(1)
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{
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ch = Menu(); //显示菜单,并读取用户输入
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switch(ch)
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{
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case 1:ReadScore(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 2:AverSumofEveryCourse(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 3:AverSumofEveryStudent(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 4:SortbyScore(stu,n,m,Ascending);
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printf("\nSort in descending order by score:\n");
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PrintScore(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 5:SortbyScore(stu,n,m,Ascending);
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printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
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PrintScore(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 6:AsSortbyNum(stu,n,m);
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printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
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PrintScore(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 7:SortbyName(stu,n,m);
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printf("\nSort in dictionary order by name:\n");
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PrintScore(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 8:SearchbyNum(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 9:SearchbyName(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 10:StatisticAnalysis(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 11:PrintScore(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 12:WritetoFile(stu,n,m);
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break;
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case 13:ReadfromFile(stu,&n,&m);
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break;
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case 0:printf("End of program!);
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exit(0);
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default:printf("Input error!");
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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// 函数功能:显示菜单并获得用户键盘输入的选项
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```
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int Menu(void)
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{
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int itemSelected;
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printf("Management for Students' scores\n");
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printf("1.Input record\n");
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printf("2.Calculate total and average score of every course\n");
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printf("3.Calculate total and average score of evry student\n");
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printf("4.Sort in descending order by score\n");
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printf("5.Sort in ascending order by score\n");
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printf("6.Sort in ascending order by number\n");
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printf("7.Sort in dictionary order by name\n");
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printf("8.Search by number\n");
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printf("9.Search by name\n");
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printf("10.Statistic analysis\n");
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printf("11.List record\n");
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printf("12.Write to a file\n");
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printf("13.Read from a file\n");
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printf("0.Exit\n");
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printf("Please Input your choice:");
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scanf("%d",&itemSelected); //读入用户输入
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return itemSelected;
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}
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```
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// 函数功能:输入 n 个学生的 m 门课成绩
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```
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void ReadScore(STU stu[],int n,int m)
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{
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int i,j;
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printf("Input student's ID ,name and score:\n");
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for(i=0,i<n;i++) //输入n个同学
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{
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scanf("%ld%s",&stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
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for(j=0;j<m;j++) //输入m门成绩
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scanf("%f",&stu[i].score[j]);
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}
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}
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```
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//函数功能:计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分
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```
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void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[],int n,int m)
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{
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int i,j;
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for(i=0;i<n;i++)
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{
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stu[i].sum = 0; //初始化每个学生总分为0
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for(j=0;j<m;j++)
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{
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stu[i].sum = stu[i].sum + stu[i].score[j]; //累加分数
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}
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stu[i].aver = m>0 ? stu[i].sum /m : -1;
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printf("student %d: sum = %.0f,aver = %.0f\n",i+1,stu[i].sum,stu[i].aver);
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}
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}
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```
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//函数功能:计算每门课程的总分和平均分
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```
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void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[],int n,int m)
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{
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int i,j;
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float sum[COURSE_NUM],aver[COURSE_NUM];
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for(j=0;j<m;j++)
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{
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sum[j] = 0;
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for(i=0;i<n;i++)
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{
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sum[j]+= stu[i].score[j]; //计算n个同学每门课程的总分
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}
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aver[j] = sum[j]/i;
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printf("student %d: sum = %.0f,aver = %.0f\n",j+1, sum[j], aver[j]);
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}
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}
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```
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//函数功能:按选择法将数组 sum 的元素值排序
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```
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voidSortbyScore(STU stu[],int n,int m,int(*compare)(float a,float b))
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{
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int i, j, k, t;
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for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
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{
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k = i;
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for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
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{
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if ((*compare)(stu[j].sum, stu[k].sum)) k = j;
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}
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if (k != i)
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{
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for (t=0; t<m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
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{
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
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}
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); //交换总分
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); //交换平均分
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SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); //交换学号
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SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); //交换姓名
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}
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}
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}
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```
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//使数据按升序排序
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```
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int Ascending(float a,float b)
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{
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return a < b; //这样比较决定了按升序排序,如果a<b,则交换
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}
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```
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//使数据按降序排序
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```
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int Descending(float a,float b)
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{
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return a > b; // 这样比较决定了按降序排序,如果 a>b,则交换
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}
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```
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//交换两个单精度浮点型数据
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```
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void SwapFloat(float *x,float *y)
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{
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float temp;
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temp = *x;
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*x = *y;
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*y = temp;
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}
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```
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//交换两个长整型数据
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```
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void SwapLong(long *x,long *y)
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{
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long temp;
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temp = *x;
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*x = *y;
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*y = temp;
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}
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```
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//交换两个字符串
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|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void SwapChar(char x[],chary[])
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
char temp[MAX_LEN];
|
|
|
|
|
strcpy(temp, x);
|
|
|
|
|
strcpy(x, y);
|
|
|
|
|
strcpy(y, temp);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能:按选择法将数组 num 的元素从低到高排序
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int i, j, k, t;
|
|
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int i, j, k, t;
|
|
|
|
|
k = i;
|
|
|
|
|
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (stu[j].num < stu[k].num) k = j;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if (k != i)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (t=0; t<m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); //交换总分
|
|
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); //交换平均分
|
|
|
|
|
SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); //交换学号
|
|
|
|
|
SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); //交换姓名
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能:交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void SortbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int i, j, t;
|
|
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = i+1; j<n; j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (strcmp(stu[j].name, stu[i].name) < 0)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (t=0; t<m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[i].score[t], &stu[j].score[t]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[i].sum, &stu[j].sum); //交换总分
|
|
|
|
|
SwapFloat(&stu[i].aver, &stu[j].aver); //交换平均分
|
|
|
|
|
SwapLong(&stu[i].num, &stu[j].num); //交换学号
|
|
|
|
|
SwapChar(stu[i].name, stu[j].name); //交换姓名
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能:按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void SearchbyNum(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
long number;
|
|
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
|
|
printf("Input the number you want to search:");
|
|
|
|
|
scanf("%ld",&number);
|
|
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
|
|
if(stu[i].num==number)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\n");
|
|
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d\t",stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\n");
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if(i==n)
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nNot found!\n");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能:按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void SearchbyName(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
char x[MAX_LEN];
|
|
|
|
|
int i,j;
|
|
|
|
|
printf("Input the name you want to search:");
|
|
|
|
|
scanf("%s", x);
|
|
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if(strcmp(stu[i].name,x)==0)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%ld\t%s\t",stu[i].num,stu[i].name);
|
|
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%.0f\t",stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
printf(".0f\t%.0f\n",stu[i].sum,stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nNot found!\n);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能:统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int i,j,t[6];
|
|
|
|
|
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("For course %d:\n",j+1);
|
|
|
|
|
memset(t,0,sizeof(t)); //将数组 t 的全部元素初始化为0
|
|
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if(stu[i].score[j]>=0&&stu[i].score[j]<60) t[0]++;
|
|
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<70) t[1]++;
|
|
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<80) t[2]++;
|
|
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<90) t[3]++;
|
|
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]<100) t[4]++;
|
|
|
|
|
else if(stu[i].score[j]==100) t[5]++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if(i==0) printf("<60\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
|
|
|
|
|
else if(i==5) printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",(i+5)*10,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
|
|
|
|
|
else printf("%d-%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n",(i+5)*10,(i+5)*10+9,t[i],(float)t[i]/n*100);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//函数功能:打印学生成绩
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void PrintScore(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//输出 n 个学生的学号、姓名及 m 门课程的成绩到文件 student.txt 中
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void WritetoFile(STU stu[],int n,int m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
|
|
|
int i, j;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if((fp = fopen("student.txt","w")) == NULL)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
|
|
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%d\t%d\n", n, m); //将学生人数和课程门数写入文件
|
|
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10ld%10s", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
|
|
|
|
|
for (j=0; j<m; j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f", stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f%10.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体 stu 中
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
void ReadfromFile(STU stu[],int *n,int *m)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
|
|
|
int i, j;
|
|
|
|
|
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt","r")) == NULL)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
|
|
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%d", n, m); //从文件中读出学生人数,课程门数
|
|
|
|
|
for (i=0; i<*n; i++) //学生人数保存在n指向的储存单元
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10ld", &stu[i].num);
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10s", stu[i].name);
|
|
|
|
|
for (j=0; j<*m; j++) //课程门数保存在m指向的储存单元
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10f", &stu[i].score[j]); //不能用%10.0f
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10f%10f", &stu[i].sum, &stu[i].aver); //不能用%10.0f
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|