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#include<stdio.h>
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#include<stdlib.h>
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#include<string.h>
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// define定义的全局变量
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#define MAX_LEN 10 //字符串最大长度
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#define STU_NUM 30 //最多的考试人数
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#define COURSE_NUM 6 //最多的考试科目
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// 结构体的定义
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typedef struct student {
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long num; //每个学生的学号
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char name[MAX_LEN]; //每个学生的姓名
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float score[COURSE_NUM]; //每个学生COURSE_NUM门功课的成绩
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float sum; //每个学生的总成绩
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float aver; //每个学生的平均成绩
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}STU;
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// 函数声明
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int Menu(void); //菜单显示、用户输入函数
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void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m); //学生成绩录入函数
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void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m); //求每个学生总分和平均分的函数
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void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m); //求每门课程总分和平均分的函数
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void SortbyScore(STU stu[], int n, int m, int (*compare)(float a, float b)); //选择法将数组 sum 的元素排序的函数
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int Ascending(float a, float b); //使数据按升序排序的函数
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int Descending(float a, float b); //使数据按降序排序的函数
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void SwapFloat(float* x, float* y); //用于交换两个单精度浮点数的函数
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void SwapLong(long* x, long* y); //用于交换两个长整型数据的函数
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void SwapChar(char x[], char y[]); //用于交换两个字符串的函数
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void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m); //选择法将数组 num 的元素值从低到高排序的函数
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void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m); //交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序的函数
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void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m); //按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果的函数
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void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m); //按姓名的字典顺序排出成绩表的函数
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void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m); //统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比的函数
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void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m); //打印学生成绩的函数
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void WritetoFile(STU record[], int n, int m); //输出学生信息到文件中的函数
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void ReadfromFile(STU record[], int* n, int* m); //从文件中读取学生信息的函数
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// 主函数
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int main(void)
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{
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char ch;
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int n = 0, m = 0;
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STU stu[STU_NUM];
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printf("Input student number(n<%d):", STU_NUM);
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scanf("%d", &n);
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printf("Input course number(m<=%d):", COURSE_NUM);
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scanf("%d", &m);
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while (1)
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{
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ch = Menu(); //显示菜单，并读取用户输入
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switch (ch)
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{
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case 1:ReadScore(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 2:AverSumofEveryCourse(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 3:AverSumofEveryStudent(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 4:SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Descending);
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printf("\nSort in descending order by score:\n");
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PrintScore(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 5:SortbyScore(stu, n, m, Ascending);
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printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
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PrintScore(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 6:AsSortbyNum(stu, n, m);
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printf("\nSort in ascending order by number:\n");
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PrintScore(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 7:SortbyName(stu, n, m);
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printf("\nSort in dictionary order by name:\n");
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PrintScore(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 8:SearchbyNum(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 9:SearchbyName(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 10:StatisticAnalysis(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 11:PrintScore(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 12:WritetoFile(stu, n, m);
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break;
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case 13:ReadfromFile(stu, &n, &m);
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break;
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case 0: printf("Are you sure you want to exit?(Y/N):");
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printf("End of program!");
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exit(0);
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default:printf("Input error!");
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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// 函数功能：显示菜单并获得用户键盘输入的选项
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int Menu(void)
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{
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int itemSelected;
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printf("Management for Students' scores\n");
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printf("1 Input record\n");
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printf("2 Calculate total and average score of every course\n");
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printf("3 Calculate total and average score of every student\n");
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printf("4 Sort in descending order by score\n");
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printf("5 Sort in ascending order by score\n");
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printf("6 Sort in ascending order by number\n");
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printf("7 Sort in dictionary order by name\n");
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printf("8 Search by number\n");
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printf("9 Search by name\n");
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printf("10 Statistic analysis\n");
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printf("11 List record\n");
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printf("12 Write to a file\n");
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printf("13 Read from a file\n");
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printf("0 Exit\n");
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printf("Please Input your choice:");
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scanf("%d", &itemSelected); //读入用户输入
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return itemSelected;
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}
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// 函数功能：输入 n 个学生的 m 门课成绩
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void ReadScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j;
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printf("Input student's ID ,name and score:\n");
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++) //输入n个同学
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{
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scanf("%ld%s", &stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++) //输入m门成绩
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scanf("%f", &stu[i].score[j]);
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}
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}
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//函数功能：计算每个学生各门课程的总分和平均分
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void AverSumofEveryStudent(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j;
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
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{
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stu[i].sum = 0; //初始化每个学生总分为0
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
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{
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stu[i].sum = stu[i].sum + stu[i].score[j]; //累加分数
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}
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stu[i].aver = m > 0 ? stu[i].sum / m : -1;
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printf("student %d: sum = %.0f,aver = %.0f\n", i + 1, stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
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}
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}
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//函数功能：计算每门课程的总分和平均分
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void AverSumofEveryCourse(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j;
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float sum[COURSE_NUM], aver[COURSE_NUM];
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
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{
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sum[j] = 0;
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
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{
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sum[j] += stu[i].score[j]; //计算n个同学每门课程的总分
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}
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aver[j] = sum[j] / i;
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printf("course %d: sum = %.0f,aver = %.0f\n", j + 1, sum[j], aver[j]);
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}
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}
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//函数功能：按选择法将数组 sum 的元素值排序
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void SortbyScore(STU stu[], int n, int m, int(*compare)(float a, float b))
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{
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int i, j, k, t;
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for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
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{
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k = i;
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for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
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{
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if ((*compare)(stu[j].sum, stu[k].sum)) k = j;
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}
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if (k != i)
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{
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for (t = 0; t < m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
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{
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
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}
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); //交换总分
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); //交换平均分
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SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); //交换学号
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SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); //交换姓名
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}
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}
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}
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//使数据按升序排序
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int Ascending(float a, float b)
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{
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return a < b; //这样比较决定了按升序排序，如果a<b，则交换
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}
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//使数据按降序排序
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int Descending(float a, float b)
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{
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return a > b; // 这样比较决定了按降序排序，如果 a>b，则交换
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}
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//交换两个单精度浮点型数据
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void SwapFloat(float* x, float* y)
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{
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float temp;
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temp = *x;
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*x = *y;
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*y = temp;
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}
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//交换两个长整型数据
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void SwapLong(long* x, long* y)
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{
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long temp;
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temp = *x;
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*x = *y;
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*y = temp;
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}
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//交换两个字符串
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void SwapChar(char x[], char y[])
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{
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char temp[MAX_LEN];
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strcpy(temp, x);
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strcpy(x, y);
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strcpy(y, temp);
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}
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//函数功能：按选择法将数组 num 的元素从低到高排序
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void AsSortbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j, k, t;
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for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
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{
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k = i;
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for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
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{
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if (stu[j].num < stu[k].num) k = j;
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}
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if (k != i)
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{
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for (t = 0; t < m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
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{
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].score[t], &stu[i].score[t]);
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}
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].sum, &stu[i].sum); //交换总分
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SwapFloat(&stu[k].aver, &stu[i].aver); //交换平均分
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SwapLong(&stu[k].num, &stu[i].num); //交换学号
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SwapChar(stu[k].name, stu[i].name); //交换姓名
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}
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}
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}
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//函数功能：交换法实现字符串按字典顺序排序
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void SortbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j, t;
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for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
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{
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for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
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{
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if (strcmp(stu[j].name, stu[i].name) < 0)
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{
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for (t = 0; t < m; t++) //交换m门课程的成绩
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{
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SwapFloat(&stu[i].score[t], &stu[j].score[t]);
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}
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SwapFloat(&stu[i].sum, &stu[j].sum); //交换总分
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SwapFloat(&stu[i].aver, &stu[j].aver); //交换平均分
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SwapLong(&stu[i].num, &stu[j].num); //交换学号
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SwapChar(stu[i].name, stu[j].name); //交换姓名
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}
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}
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}
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}
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//函数功能：按学号查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
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void SearchbyNum(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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long number;
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int i, j;
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printf("Input the number you want to search:");
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scanf("%ld", &number);
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
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if (stu[i].num == number)
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{
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printf("\n");
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
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printf("%d\t", stu[i].score[j]);
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printf("\n");
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break;
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}
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if (i == n)
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printf("\nNot found!\n");
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}
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//函数功能：按姓名查找学生成绩并显示查找结果
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void SearchbyName(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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char x[MAX_LEN];
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int i, j;
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printf("Input the name you want to search:");
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scanf("%s", x);
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
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{
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if (strcmp(stu[i].name, x) == 0)
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{
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printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
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{
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printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]);
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}
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printf(".0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
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return;
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}
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}
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printf("\nNot found!\n");
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}
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//函数功能：统计各分数段的学生人数及所占的百分比
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void StatisticAnalysis(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j, t[6];
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
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{
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printf("For course %d:\n", j + 1);
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memset(t, 0, sizeof(t)); //将数组 t 的全部元素初始化为0
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
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{
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if (stu[i].score[j] >= 0 && stu[i].score[j] < 60) t[0]++;
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else if (stu[i].score[j] < 70) t[1]++;
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else if (stu[i].score[j] < 80) t[2]++;
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else if (stu[i].score[j] < 90) t[3]++;
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else if (stu[i].score[j] < 100) t[4]++;
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else if (stu[i].score[j] == 100) t[5]++;
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}
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for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
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{
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if (i == 0) printf("<60\t%d\t%.2f%%\n", t[i], (float)t[i] / n * 100);
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else if (i == 5) printf("%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n", (i + 5) * 10, t[i], (float)t[i] / n * 100);
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else printf("%d-%d\t%d\t%.2f%%\n", (i + 5) * 10, (i + 5) * 10 + 9, t[i], (float)t[i] / n * 100);
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}
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}
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}
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//函数功能：打印学生成绩
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void PrintScore(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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int i, j;
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for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
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{
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printf("%ld\t%s\t", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
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for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
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{
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printf("%.0f\t", stu[i].score[j]);
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}
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printf("%.0f\t%.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
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}
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}
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//输出 n 个学生的学号、姓名及 m 门课程的成绩到文件 student.txt 中
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void WritetoFile(STU stu[], int n, int m)
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{
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FILE* fp;
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int i, j;
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if ((fp = fopen("student.txt", "w")) == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%d\t%d\n", n, m); //将学生人数和课程门数写入文件
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10ld%10s", stu[i].num, stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f", stu[i].score[j]);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fprintf(fp, "%10.0f%10.0f\n", stu[i].sum, stu[i].aver);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
//从文件中读取学生的学号、姓名及成绩等信息写入到结构体 stu 中
|
|
|
void ReadfromFile(STU stu[], int* n, int* m)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
FILE* fp;
|
|
|
int i, j;
|
|
|
if ((fp = fopen("student.txt", "r")) == NULL)
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
|
|
|
exit(0);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%d\t%d", n, m); //从文件中读出学生人数，课程门数
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < *n; i++) //学生人数保存在n指向的储存单元
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10ld", &stu[i].num);
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10s", stu[i].name);
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < *m; j++) //课程门数保存在m指向的储存单元
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10f", &stu[i].score[j]); //不能用%10.0f
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%10f%10f", &stu[i].sum, &stu[i].aver); //不能用%10.0f
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
} |
