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    "#爬虫部分\n",
    "import requests\n",
    "import bs4\n",
    "import time\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "ulist = []\n",
    "url = 'https://www.shanghairanking.cn/rankings/bcur/202011'\n",
    "headers = {\n",
    "    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.183 Safari/537.36'}\n",
    "\n",
    "response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)\n",
    "response.encoding = \"utf-8\"  # 转化字符码\n",
    "html = response.text\n",
    "\n",
    "soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')\n",
    "\n",
    "for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:\n",
    "    if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag):\n",
    "        tds = tr.find_all('td')  # 等价于 tds = tr('td')\n",
    "        name = tds[1].text\n",
    "        print(name)\n",
    "        score = tds[4].text\n",
    "        print(score)\n",
    "        pd1 = pd.DataFrame({'学校': name, '总分': score}, index=[0])\n",
    "        ulist.append(pd1)\n",
    "\n",
    "second = random.randrange(3, 5)\n",
    "time.sleep(second)\n",
    "\n",
    "university2 = pd.concat(ulist[0:10])\n",
    "university2.to_excel('university.xlsx', index=False)\n",
    "#可视化部分\n",
    "from pyecharts.charts import Bar  # 柱状图\n",
    "import xlrd  # xlrd是对excel读取（read）  xlwt是写入（write）\n",
    "\n",
    "data = xlrd.open_workbook(r'D:\\数据可视化\\university.xlsx')  # 打开本地excel表格\n",
    "\n",
    "table = data.sheets()[0]  # 拿出表格的第一个sheet\n",
    "\n",
    "names = []  # 画图用的x轴，坐标是姓名\n",
    "sources = []  # 画图用的y轴，坐标成绩\n",
    "# 循环输出每行内容\n",
    "for i in range(1, table.nrows):\n",
    "    a = table.row_values(i)  # 把第几行拿出来作为一个列表\n",
    "    name = a[0]  # 姓名提取加入name列表\n",
    "    names.append(name)\n",
    "\n",
    "    source = a[1]\n",
    "    sources.append(source)\n",
    "\n",
    "bar = Bar()  # 创建一个柱状图对象\n",
    "bar.add_xaxis(names)  # 设置x轴\n",
    "bar.add_yaxis('总分', sources)  # 设置y轴和图标名\n",
    "bar.render('柱形图.html')  # 输出html文件来显示柱状图"
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