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# 智途投送后端操作手册
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> 服务器：阿里云 ECS `121.41.216.243`（Ubuntu 24.04）
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> 部署路径：`/opt/zhitu/`
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> 服务名：`zhitu.service`
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> 数据库：SQLite `/opt/zhitu/zhitu.db`
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---
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## 1. 连接服务器
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```bash
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ssh root@121.41.216.243
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# 输入密码
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```
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---
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## 2. 服务启停（最常用）
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| 操作 | 命令 |
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|------|------|
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| 查看状态 | `systemctl status zhitu` |
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| 启动服务 | `systemctl start zhitu` |
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| 停止服务 | `systemctl stop zhitu` |
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| 重启服务 | `systemctl restart zhitu` |
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| 重载配置 | `systemctl daemon-reload` |
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| 开机自启 | `systemctl enable zhitu`（已配置）|
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---
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## 3. 查看日志（排错必备）
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```bash
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# 查看最新 50 行日志
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journalctl -u zhitu -n 50
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# 实时跟踪日志（调试时用，按 Ctrl+C 退出）
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journalctl -u zhitu -f
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```
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---
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## 4. 改 Worker 数量为 1（避免 SQLite 并发锁）
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当前配置为 2 个 worker，SQLite 并发写入时可能锁竞争导致请求卡住，建议改为 1 个：
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```bash
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sed -i 's/-w 2/-w 1/' /etc/systemd/system/zhitu.service
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl restart zhitu
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systemctl status zhitu
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```
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---
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## 5. 备份数据库
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数据库文件在 `/opt/zhitu/zhitu.db`，课程结束前务必备份：
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```bash
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# 方式一：在服务器上备份到 root 目录
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cp /opt/zhitu/zhitu.db ~/zhitu_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).db
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# 方式二：下载到本地电脑（在本地终端执行）
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scp root@121.41.216.243:/opt/zhitu/zhitu.db D:\zhitu_backup.db
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```
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---
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## 6. 修改后端代码后热更新
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改完 `app.py` 后需要重启生效：
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```bash
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# 先检查语法
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python3 -m py_compile /opt/zhitu/app.py
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# 语法通过后重启
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systemctl restart zhitu
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```
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---
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## 7. 常用验证命令
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```bash
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# 测试后端是否存活
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curl http://121.41.216.243/api/ping
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# 查看所有需求（无需登录）
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curl http://121.41.216.243/api/demands
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# 查看账号列表（无需登录）
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curl http://121.41.216.243/api/auth/accounts
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# 直接查看数据库中的 token（调试用）
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sqlite3 /opt/zhitu/zhitu.db "SELECT * FROM tokens;"
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# 查看所有需求记录
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sqlite3 /opt/zhitu/zhitu.db "SELECT * FROM demands;"
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```
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---
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## 8. 网络/端口检查
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```bash
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# 查看 5000 端口是否在监听
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ss -tlnp | grep 5000
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# 查看 Nginx 状态
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systemctl status nginx
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# 查看防火墙状态
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ufw status
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```
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---
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## 9. 常见问题速查
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| 现象 | 可能原因 | 解决 |
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|------|----------|------|
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| APP 上报 500 | `_demand_id_counter` 内存计数器归零导致主键冲突 | 已修复：改为数据库查询生成 ID |
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| APP 上报超时/卡住 | Gunicorn 多 worker + SQLite 并发锁竞争 | 改 `-w 1` |
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| APP 登录 401 | Token 跨 worker 不共享 / localStorage 缓存旧地址 | 已修复：Token 存数据库；检查 APP 服务器地址设置 |
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| 电脑端首页 404 | 前端静态文件未上传到 `/opt/zhitu/` | 确保 `index.html`、`css/`、`js/` 都在部署目录 |
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| 服务启动失败 | 语法错误 / 端口被占 | `python3 -m py_compile /opt/zhitu/app.py` 检查语法 |
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---
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## 10. 关键文件路径
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| 文件/目录 | 路径 |
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|-----------|------|
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| 后端主程序 | `/opt/zhitu/app.py` |
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| 数据库 | `/opt/zhitu/zhitu.db` |
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| 服务配置 | `/etc/systemd/system/zhitu.service` |
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| Nginx 配置 | `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/zhitu` |
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| Python 虚拟环境 | `/opt/zhitu/venv/` |
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| 日志输出 | `journalctl -u zhitu` |
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---
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*手册生成时间：2026-05-23*
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