From 5ad3e693d39034b1f186a596d7c51b8bf408d016 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: idealist999 <2974730459@qq.com> Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2026 23:32:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/5] vault backup: 2026-01-11 23:32:15 --- 素材/秩的不等式.md | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+) create mode 100644 素材/秩的不等式.md diff --git a/素材/秩的不等式.md b/素材/秩的不等式.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd57403 --- /dev/null +++ b/素材/秩的不等式.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# 一般式 + +## 1. 和的秩不超过秩的和 + +设 $A, B$ 为同型矩阵,则 +$$ \operatorname{rank}(A+B) \leq \operatorname{rank} A + \operatorname{rank} B $$ + +## 2. 积的秩不超过任何因子的秩 + +设 $A_{m \times n}, B_{n \times k}$,则 +$$ \operatorname{rank}(AB) \leq \min\{\operatorname{rank} A, \operatorname{rank} B\} $$ + +## 3. 重要不等式 + +设 $A_{m \times n}, B_{n \times k}$,则 +$$ \operatorname{rank}(AB) \geq \operatorname{rank} A + \operatorname{rank} B - n $$ +特别地,当 $AB = 0$ 时,有 $\operatorname{rank} A + \operatorname{rank} B \leq n$。 + +# 分块式 + +设 $A_{n \times n}$, $B_{n \times n}$,则 + +$$(1)\ rank + +\begin{bmatrix} +A \\ +B +\end{bmatrix} \geq \text{rank } A, \quad \text{rank } +\begin{bmatrix} +A \\ +B +\end{bmatrix} \geq \text{rank } B +$$ + +$$(2)\ rank +\begin{bmatrix} +A & 0 \\ +0 & B +\end{bmatrix} = \text{rank } A + \text{rank } B +$$ + +$$(3)\ rank +\begin{bmatrix} +A & E_n \\ +0 & B +\end{bmatrix} \geq \text{rank } A + \text{rank } B +$$ + +$$(4)\ rank +\begin{bmatrix} +A & 0 \\ +0 & B +\end{bmatrix} = \text{rank } +\begin{bmatrix} +A & B \\ +0 & B +\end{bmatrix} = \text{rank } +\begin{bmatrix} +A + B & B \\ +B & B +\end{bmatrix} \geq \text{rank } (A + B) +$$ + From 8e763b04a4f372af32ba354c0e4fa755861573a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: idealist999 <2974730459@qq.com> Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2026 23:34:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/5] vault backup: 2026-01-11 23:34:45 --- 素材/线性方程组同解.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/素材/线性方程组同解.md b/素材/线性方程组同解.md index 3211c95..1df3763 100644 --- a/素材/线性方程组同解.md +++ b/素材/线性方程组同解.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ $N(A)\subset N(B)$可以得到什么呢? 非齐次的时候同理. 注意:由此,我们还能得到一些别的结论 -例如:$A$ 和 $B$ 等价,并不能得到两方程同解,因为等价的初等变换可能包括初等列变换,而列变换可能改变两方程的解 +例如:$A$ 和 $B$ 等价(可以通过初等变换得到),并不能得到两方程同解,因为等价的初等变换可能包括初等列变换,而列变换可能改变两方程的解 >[!example] 例1 >6. 已知方程组$\quad\begin{cases}x_1 + 2x_2 + 3x_3 = 0, \\2x_1 + 3x_2 + 5x_3 = 0, \\x_1 + x_2 + ax_3 = 0,\end{cases}$ 与$\quad\begin{cases}x_1 + bx_2 + cx_3 = 0, \\2x_1 + b^2x_2 + (c+1)x_3 = 0\end{cases}$同解,则 From 243f301475ba04fbe971fd1e7388b0ca25e294a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: pjokerx <1433560268@qq.com> Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2026 23:39:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/5] vault backup: 2026-01-11 23:39:07 --- 线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md b/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md index 1d721b7..91568da 100644 --- a/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md +++ b/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md @@ -1,5 +1,8 @@ 在研究线性方程组的解的性质(例如维数)时,我们通常要与其系数矩阵本身的性质产生联系: >[!note] 定理1: >对于齐次方程组 $\boldsymbol{A}_{m \times n}\boldsymbol{x}=\boldsymbol{0}$,设$rank\boldsymbol{A}=r$,则 -> $\qquad\qquad\qquad dimN(\boldsymbol{A})=n-r$ +> $$\dim N(\boldsymbol{A})=n-r$$ +>例一: +>设 $A=$ + From 4cf0b6d9b9224e8a55134d8067fee533f2c28978 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E8=BD=B2=E6=A5=A0?= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2026 23:42:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 4/5] vault backup: 2026-01-11 23:42:55 --- 线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md | 7 ++++--- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md b/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md index 91568da..3e40a9a 100644 --- a/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md +++ b/线性方程组的系数矩阵与解关系.md @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ 在研究线性方程组的解的性质(例如维数)时,我们通常要与其系数矩阵本身的性质产生联系: >[!note] 定理1: ->对于齐次方程组 $\boldsymbol{A}_{m \times n}\boldsymbol{x}=\boldsymbol{0}$,设$rank\boldsymbol{A}=r$,则 +>对于齐次方程组 $\boldsymbol{A}_{m \times n}\boldsymbol{x}=\boldsymbol{0}$,设$\mathrm{rank}\boldsymbol{A}=r$,则 > $$\dim N(\boldsymbol{A})=n-r$$ ->例一: ->设 $A=$ + +>[!example] 例一: +设 $A=$ From a2d6bb97ff546f3443620a6dc1d94dadbd734c3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E8=BD=B2=E6=A5=A0?= Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2026 23:46:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 5/5] vault backup: 2026-01-11 23:46:17 --- 素材/秩的不等式.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/素材/秩的不等式.md b/素材/秩的不等式.md index fd57403..3d28b8c 100644 --- a/素材/秩的不等式.md +++ b/素材/秩的不等式.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ $$ \operatorname{rank}(AB) \geq \operatorname{rank} A + \operatorname{rank} B - 设 $A_{n \times n}$, $B_{n \times n}$,则 -$$(1)\ rank +$$(1)\ \mathrm{rank} \begin{bmatrix} A \\ @@ -32,21 +32,21 @@ B \end{bmatrix} \geq \text{rank } B $$ -$$(2)\ rank +$$(2)\ \mathrm{rank} \begin{bmatrix} A & 0 \\ 0 & B \end{bmatrix} = \text{rank } A + \text{rank } B $$ -$$(3)\ rank +$$(3)\ \mathrm{rank} \begin{bmatrix} A & E_n \\ 0 & B \end{bmatrix} \geq \text{rank } A + \text{rank } B $$ -$$(4)\ rank +$$(4)\ \mathrm{rank} \begin{bmatrix} A & 0 \\ 0 & B