You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
465 lines
18 KiB
465 lines
18 KiB
3 years ago
|
# body-parser
|
||
|
|
||
|
[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
|
||
|
[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
|
||
|
[![Build Status][github-actions-ci-image]][github-actions-ci-url]
|
||
|
[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
|
||
|
|
||
|
Node.js body parsing middleware.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Parse incoming request bodies in a middleware before your handlers, available
|
||
|
under the `req.body` property.
|
||
|
|
||
|
**Note** As `req.body`'s shape is based on user-controlled input, all
|
||
|
properties and values in this object are untrusted and should be validated
|
||
|
before trusting. For example, `req.body.foo.toString()` may fail in multiple
|
||
|
ways, for example the `foo` property may not be there or may not be a string,
|
||
|
and `toString` may not be a function and instead a string or other user input.
|
||
|
|
||
|
[Learn about the anatomy of an HTTP transaction in Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/anatomy-of-an-http-transaction/).
|
||
|
|
||
|
_This does not handle multipart bodies_, due to their complex and typically
|
||
|
large nature. For multipart bodies, you may be interested in the following
|
||
|
modules:
|
||
|
|
||
|
* [busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/busboy#readme) and
|
||
|
[connect-busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-busboy#readme)
|
||
|
* [multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multiparty#readme) and
|
||
|
[connect-multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-multiparty#readme)
|
||
|
* [formidable](https://www.npmjs.org/package/formidable#readme)
|
||
|
* [multer](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multer#readme)
|
||
|
|
||
|
This module provides the following parsers:
|
||
|
|
||
|
* [JSON body parser](#bodyparserjsonoptions)
|
||
|
* [Raw body parser](#bodyparserrawoptions)
|
||
|
* [Text body parser](#bodyparsertextoptions)
|
||
|
* [URL-encoded form body parser](#bodyparserurlencodedoptions)
|
||
|
|
||
|
Other body parsers you might be interested in:
|
||
|
|
||
|
- [body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/body#readme)
|
||
|
- [co-body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/co-body#readme)
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Installation
|
||
|
|
||
|
```sh
|
||
|
$ npm install body-parser
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
## API
|
||
|
|
||
|
```js
|
||
|
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `bodyParser` object exposes various factories to create middlewares. All
|
||
|
middlewares will populate the `req.body` property with the parsed body when
|
||
|
the `Content-Type` request header matches the `type` option, or an empty
|
||
|
object (`{}`) if there was no body to parse, the `Content-Type` was not matched,
|
||
|
or an error occurred.
|
||
|
|
||
|
The various errors returned by this module are described in the
|
||
|
[errors section](#errors).
|
||
|
|
||
|
### bodyParser.json([options])
|
||
|
|
||
|
Returns middleware that only parses `json` and only looks at requests where
|
||
|
the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This parser accepts any
|
||
|
Unicode encoding of the body and supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and
|
||
|
`deflate` encodings.
|
||
|
|
||
|
A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
|
||
|
object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`).
|
||
|
|
||
|
#### Options
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `json` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
|
||
|
the following keys:
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### inflate
|
||
|
|
||
|
When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
|
||
|
`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### limit
|
||
|
|
||
|
Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
|
||
|
specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
|
||
|
[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
|
||
|
to `'100kb'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### reviver
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `reviver` option is passed directly to `JSON.parse` as the second
|
||
|
argument. You can find more information on this argument
|
||
|
[in the MDN documentation about JSON.parse](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/parse#Example.3A_Using_the_reviver_parameter).
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### strict
|
||
|
|
||
|
When set to `true`, will only accept arrays and objects; when `false` will
|
||
|
accept anything `JSON.parse` accepts. Defaults to `true`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### type
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
|
||
|
parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not a
|
||
|
function, `type` option is passed directly to the
|
||
|
[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
|
||
|
be an extension name (like `json`), a mime type (like `application/json`), or
|
||
|
a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `*/json`). If a function, the `type`
|
||
|
option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy
|
||
|
value. Defaults to `application/json`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### verify
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
|
||
|
where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
|
||
|
encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### bodyParser.raw([options])
|
||
|
|
||
|
Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a `Buffer` and only looks at
|
||
|
requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
|
||
|
parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
|
||
|
|
||
|
A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
|
||
|
object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a `Buffer` object
|
||
|
of the body.
|
||
|
|
||
|
#### Options
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `raw` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
|
||
|
the following keys:
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### inflate
|
||
|
|
||
|
When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
|
||
|
`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### limit
|
||
|
|
||
|
Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
|
||
|
specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
|
||
|
[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
|
||
|
to `'100kb'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### type
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
|
||
|
parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function.
|
||
|
If not a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
|
||
|
[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this
|
||
|
can be an extension name (like `bin`), a mime type (like
|
||
|
`application/octet-stream`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or
|
||
|
`application/*`). If a function, the `type` option is called as `fn(req)`
|
||
|
and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults to
|
||
|
`application/octet-stream`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### verify
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
|
||
|
where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
|
||
|
encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### bodyParser.text([options])
|
||
|
|
||
|
Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a string and only looks at
|
||
|
requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
|
||
|
parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
|
||
|
|
||
|
A new `body` string containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
|
||
|
object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a string of the
|
||
|
body.
|
||
|
|
||
|
#### Options
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `text` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
|
||
|
the following keys:
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### defaultCharset
|
||
|
|
||
|
Specify the default character set for the text content if the charset is not
|
||
|
specified in the `Content-Type` header of the request. Defaults to `utf-8`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### inflate
|
||
|
|
||
|
When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
|
||
|
`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### limit
|
||
|
|
||
|
Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
|
||
|
specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
|
||
|
[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
|
||
|
to `'100kb'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### type
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
|
||
|
parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
|
||
|
a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
|
||
|
[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
|
||
|
be an extension name (like `txt`), a mime type (like `text/plain`), or a mime
|
||
|
type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `text/*`). If a function, the `type`
|
||
|
option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a
|
||
|
truthy value. Defaults to `text/plain`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### verify
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
|
||
|
where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
|
||
|
encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### bodyParser.urlencoded([options])
|
||
|
|
||
|
Returns middleware that only parses `urlencoded` bodies and only looks at
|
||
|
requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
|
||
|
parser accepts only UTF-8 encoding of the body and supports automatic
|
||
|
inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
|
||
|
|
||
|
A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
|
||
|
object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This object will contain
|
||
|
key-value pairs, where the value can be a string or array (when `extended` is
|
||
|
`false`), or any type (when `extended` is `true`).
|
||
|
|
||
|
#### Options
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `urlencoded` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain
|
||
|
any of the following keys:
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### extended
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `extended` option allows to choose between parsing the URL-encoded data
|
||
|
with the `querystring` library (when `false`) or the `qs` library (when
|
||
|
`true`). The "extended" syntax allows for rich objects and arrays to be
|
||
|
encoded into the URL-encoded format, allowing for a JSON-like experience
|
||
|
with URL-encoded. For more information, please
|
||
|
[see the qs library](https://www.npmjs.org/package/qs#readme).
|
||
|
|
||
|
Defaults to `true`, but using the default has been deprecated. Please
|
||
|
research into the difference between `qs` and `querystring` and choose the
|
||
|
appropriate setting.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### inflate
|
||
|
|
||
|
When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
|
||
|
`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### limit
|
||
|
|
||
|
Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
|
||
|
specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
|
||
|
[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
|
||
|
to `'100kb'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### parameterLimit
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `parameterLimit` option controls the maximum number of parameters that
|
||
|
are allowed in the URL-encoded data. If a request contains more parameters
|
||
|
than this value, a 413 will be returned to the client. Defaults to `1000`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### type
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
|
||
|
parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
|
||
|
a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
|
||
|
[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
|
||
|
be an extension name (like `urlencoded`), a mime type (like
|
||
|
`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like
|
||
|
`*/x-www-form-urlencoded`). If a function, the `type` option is called as
|
||
|
`fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults
|
||
|
to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
##### verify
|
||
|
|
||
|
The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
|
||
|
where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
|
||
|
encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Errors
|
||
|
|
||
|
The middlewares provided by this module create errors using the
|
||
|
[`http-errors` module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/http-errors). The errors
|
||
|
will typically have a `status`/`statusCode` property that contains the suggested
|
||
|
HTTP response code, an `expose` property to determine if the `message` property
|
||
|
should be displayed to the client, a `type` property to determine the type of
|
||
|
error without matching against the `message`, and a `body` property containing
|
||
|
the read body, if available.
|
||
|
|
||
|
The following are the common errors created, though any error can come through
|
||
|
for various reasons.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### content encoding unsupported
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
|
||
|
contained an encoding but the "inflation" option was set to `false`. The
|
||
|
`status` property is set to `415`, the `type` property is set to
|
||
|
`'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property will be set to the
|
||
|
encoding that is unsupported.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### entity parse failed
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request contained an entity that could not be
|
||
|
parsed by the middleware. The `status` property is set to `400`, the `type`
|
||
|
property is set to `'entity.parse.failed'`, and the `body` property is set to
|
||
|
the entity value that failed parsing.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### entity verify failed
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request contained an entity that could not be
|
||
|
failed verification by the defined `verify` option. The `status` property is
|
||
|
set to `403`, the `type` property is set to `'entity.verify.failed'`, and the
|
||
|
`body` property is set to the entity value that failed verification.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### request aborted
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request is aborted by the client before reading
|
||
|
the body has finished. The `received` property will be set to the number of
|
||
|
bytes received before the request was aborted and the `expected` property is
|
||
|
set to the number of expected bytes. The `status` property is set to `400`
|
||
|
and `type` property is set to `'request.aborted'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### request entity too large
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request body's size is larger than the "limit"
|
||
|
option. The `limit` property will be set to the byte limit and the `length`
|
||
|
property will be set to the request body's length. The `status` property is
|
||
|
set to `413` and the `type` property is set to `'entity.too.large'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### request size did not match content length
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request's length did not match the length from
|
||
|
the `Content-Length` header. This typically occurs when the request is malformed,
|
||
|
typically when the `Content-Length` header was calculated based on characters
|
||
|
instead of bytes. The `status` property is set to `400` and the `type` property
|
||
|
is set to `'request.size.invalid'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### stream encoding should not be set
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when something called the `req.setEncoding` method prior
|
||
|
to this middleware. This module operates directly on bytes only and you cannot
|
||
|
call `req.setEncoding` when using this module. The `status` property is set to
|
||
|
`500` and the `type` property is set to `'stream.encoding.set'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### stream is not readable
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request is no longer readable when this middleware
|
||
|
attempts to read it. This typically means something other than a middleware from
|
||
|
this module read the reqest body already and the middleware was also configured to
|
||
|
read the same request. The `status` property is set to `500` and the `type`
|
||
|
property is set to `'stream.not.readable'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### too many parameters
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the content of the request exceeds the configured
|
||
|
`parameterLimit` for the `urlencoded` parser. The `status` property is set to
|
||
|
`413` and the `type` property is set to `'parameters.too.many'`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### unsupported charset "BOGUS"
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request had a charset parameter in the
|
||
|
`Content-Type` header, but the `iconv-lite` module does not support it OR the
|
||
|
parser does not support it. The charset is contained in the message as well
|
||
|
as in the `charset` property. The `status` property is set to `415`, the
|
||
|
`type` property is set to `'charset.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property
|
||
|
is set to the charset that is unsupported.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### unsupported content encoding "bogus"
|
||
|
|
||
|
This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
|
||
|
contained an unsupported encoding. The encoding is contained in the message
|
||
|
as well as in the `encoding` property. The `status` property is set to `415`,
|
||
|
the `type` property is set to `'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `encoding`
|
||
|
property is set to the encoding that is unsupported.
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Examples
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Express/Connect top-level generic
|
||
|
|
||
|
This example demonstrates adding a generic JSON and URL-encoded parser as a
|
||
|
top-level middleware, which will parse the bodies of all incoming requests.
|
||
|
This is the simplest setup.
|
||
|
|
||
|
```js
|
||
|
var express = require('express')
|
||
|
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
|
||
|
|
||
|
var app = express()
|
||
|
|
||
|
// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
|
||
|
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
|
||
|
|
||
|
// parse application/json
|
||
|
app.use(bodyParser.json())
|
||
|
|
||
|
app.use(function (req, res) {
|
||
|
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
|
||
|
res.write('you posted:\n')
|
||
|
res.end(JSON.stringify(req.body, null, 2))
|
||
|
})
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Express route-specific
|
||
|
|
||
|
This example demonstrates adding body parsers specifically to the routes that
|
||
|
need them. In general, this is the most recommended way to use body-parser with
|
||
|
Express.
|
||
|
|
||
|
```js
|
||
|
var express = require('express')
|
||
|
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
|
||
|
|
||
|
var app = express()
|
||
|
|
||
|
// create application/json parser
|
||
|
var jsonParser = bodyParser.json()
|
||
|
|
||
|
// create application/x-www-form-urlencoded parser
|
||
|
var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })
|
||
|
|
||
|
// POST /login gets urlencoded bodies
|
||
|
app.post('/login', urlencodedParser, function (req, res) {
|
||
|
res.send('welcome, ' + req.body.username)
|
||
|
})
|
||
|
|
||
|
// POST /api/users gets JSON bodies
|
||
|
app.post('/api/users', jsonParser, function (req, res) {
|
||
|
// create user in req.body
|
||
|
})
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Change accepted type for parsers
|
||
|
|
||
|
All the parsers accept a `type` option which allows you to change the
|
||
|
`Content-Type` that the middleware will parse.
|
||
|
|
||
|
```js
|
||
|
var express = require('express')
|
||
|
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
|
||
|
|
||
|
var app = express()
|
||
|
|
||
|
// parse various different custom JSON types as JSON
|
||
|
app.use(bodyParser.json({ type: 'application/*+json' }))
|
||
|
|
||
|
// parse some custom thing into a Buffer
|
||
|
app.use(bodyParser.raw({ type: 'application/vnd.custom-type' }))
|
||
|
|
||
|
// parse an HTML body into a string
|
||
|
app.use(bodyParser.text({ type: 'text/html' }))
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
## License
|
||
|
|
||
|
[MIT](LICENSE)
|
||
|
|
||
|
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/body-parser.svg
|
||
|
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
|
||
|
[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/expressjs/body-parser/master.svg
|
||
|
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/body-parser?branch=master
|
||
|
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/body-parser.svg
|
||
|
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
|
||
|
[github-actions-ci-image]: https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/expressjs/body-parser/ci/master?label=ci
|
||
|
[github-actions-ci-url]: https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser/actions/workflows/ci.yml
|