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---
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title: 在 Linux 环境部署
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description: 在 Linux 上快速安装 Halo
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---
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:::info
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在继续操作之前，我们推荐您先阅读[《写在前面》](../prepare)，这可以快速帮助你了解 Halo。
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:::
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## 依赖检查
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目前运行 Halo 的最低依赖要求为 JRE 11，请务必确保在进行下面操作之前已经正确安装了 JRE。
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目前介绍两种 Linux 发行版的安装方式，均为 OpenJRE，不推荐 Oracle 版本。
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### CentOS
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```bash
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sudo yum install java-11-openjdk -y
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```
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检查版本：
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```bash
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java -version
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```
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如果输出以下类似内容即代表成功
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```bash
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openjdk version "11.0.10" 2021-01-19 LTS
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OpenJDK Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.10+9-LTS)
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OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.10+9-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
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```
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### Ubuntu
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jre -y
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```
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检查版本：
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```bash
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java -version
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```
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如果输出以下类似内容即代表成功
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```bash
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openjdk version "11.0.10" 2021-01-19
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OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.10+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu1.20.04)
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OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.10+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu1.20.04, mixed mode)
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```
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## 安装
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1. 创建新的系统用户
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:::info
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我们不推荐直接使用系统 root 用户来运行 Halo。如果您需要直接使用 root 用户，请跳过这一步。
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:::
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创建一个名为 halo 的用户（名字可以随意）
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```bash
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useradd -m halo
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```
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给予 sudo 权限
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```bash
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usermod -aG wheel halo
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```
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为 halo 用户创建密码
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```bash
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passwd halo
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```
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登录到 halo 账户
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```bash
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su - halo
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```
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2. 创建存放 [运行包](../prepare#运行包) 的目录，这里以 `~/app` 为例
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```bash
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mkdir ~/app && cd ~/app
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```
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3. 下载运行包
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```bash
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wget https://dl.halo.run/release/halo-1.5.3.jar -O halo.jar
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```
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:::info
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如果下载速度不理想，可以 [在这里](../downloads) 选择其他下载地址。
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:::
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4. 创建 [工作目录](../prepare#工作目录)
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```bash
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mkdir ~/.halo && cd ~/.halo
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```
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5. 下载示例配置文件到 [工作目录](../prepare#工作目录)
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```bash
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wget https://dl.halo.run/config/application-template.yaml -O ./application.yaml
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```
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6. 编辑配置文件，配置数据库或者端口等，如需配置请参考 [配置参考](../config)
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```bash
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vim application.yaml
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```
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7. 测试运行 Halo
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```bash
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cd ~/app && java -jar halo.jar
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```
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8. 如看到类似以下日志输出，则代表启动成功。
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```bash
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run.halo.app.listener.StartedListener : Halo started at http://127.0.0.1:8090
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run.halo.app.listener.StartedListener : Halo admin started at http://127.0.0.1:8090/admin
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run.halo.app.listener.StartedListener : Halo has started successfully!
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```
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打开 `http://ip:端口号` 即可看到安装引导界面。
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:::info
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如测试启动正常，请继续看`作为服务运行`部分，第 8 步仅仅作为测试。当你关闭 ssh 连接之后，服务会停止。你可使用 <kbd>CTRL</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> 停止运行测试进程。
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:::
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:::tip
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如果需要配置域名访问，建议先配置好反向代理以及域名解析再进行初始化。如果通过 `http://ip: 端口号` 的形式无法访问，请到服务器厂商后台将运行的端口号添加到安全组，如果服务器使用了 Linux 面板，请检查此 Linux 面板是否有还有安全组配置，需要同样将端口号添加到安全组。
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:::
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## 作为服务运行
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1. 退出 halo 账户，登录到 root 账户
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> 如果当前就是 root 账户，请略过此步骤。
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```bash
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exit
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```
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2. 下载 Halo 官方的 halo.service 模板
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```bash
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wget https://dl.halo.run/config/halo.service -O /etc/systemd/system/halo.service
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```
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3. 修改 halo.service
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```bash
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vim /etc/systemd/system/halo.service
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```
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4. 修改配置
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- **YOUR_JAR_PATH**：Halo 运行包的绝对路径，例如 `/home/halo/app/halo.jar`，注意：此路径不支持 `~` 符号。
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- **USER**：运行 Halo 的系统用户，如果有按照上方教程创建新的用户来运行 Halo，修改为你创建的用户名称即可。反之请删除 `User=USER`。
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=Halo Service
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Documentation=https://halo.run
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After=network-online.target
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Wants=network-online.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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User=USER
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -jar YOUR_JAR_PATH
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ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
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Restart=always
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StandOutput=syslog
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StandError=inherit
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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:::tip
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请确保 `/usr/bin/java` 是正确无误的。建议将 `ExecStart` 中的命令复制出来运行一下，保证命令有效。
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5. 重新加载 systemd
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```bash
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systemctl daemon-reload
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```
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6. 运行服务
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```bash
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systemctl start halo
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```
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7. 在系统启动时启动服务
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```bash
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systemctl enable halo
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```
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您可以查看服务日志检查启动状态
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```bash
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journalctl -n 20 -u halo
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```
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## 反向代理
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你可以在下面的反向代理软件中任选一项，我们假设你已经安装好了其中一项，并对其基本操作有一定了解。如果你对 Nginx 不熟悉，我们推荐使用 [OneinStack](./other/oneinstack) 来管理 Nginx。
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### Nginx
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```nginx
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upstream halo {
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server 127.0.0.1:8090;
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}
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server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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server_name www.yourdomain.com;
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client_max_body_size 1024m;
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://halo;
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proxy_set_header HOST $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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}
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}
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```
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注意：Nginx 默认的 `client_max_body_size` 配置大小为 1m，可能会导致你在 Halo 后台上传文件被 Nginx 限制，所以此示例配置文件加上了 `client_max_body_size 1024m;` 这行配置。当然，1024m 可根据你的需要自行修改。
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### Caddy 1.x
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```txt
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https://www.yourdomain.com {
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gzip
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tls your@email.com
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proxy / localhost:8090 {
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transparent
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}
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}
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```
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### Caddy 2.x
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```txt
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www.yourdomain.com
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encode gzip
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reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8090
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```
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以上配置都可以在 <https://github.com/halo-dev/halo-common> 找到。
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