= NetHack lua
:toc: right


== Core functions

Functions exposed from the NetHack core. They are all in the `nh` table.

All core functions involving xy coordinates interpret these as relative to the
last defined map or room.


=== abscoord

Convert a room- or map-relative coordinate to absolute.
Can accept one table with x and y keys (and in that case, returns similar),
or two integer values (and returns two integer values)
des, nh, and obj routines all treat inputs as relative coordinates, but this is
here in case an absolute one is needed for some reason (debugging?).

Example:

 local ax, ay = nh.abscoord(x, y);
 local coord = nh.abscoord({ x = 10, y = 15 });


=== an

Returns a string with "a " or "an " prepended to it.

Example:

 local str = nh.an("unicorn");


=== callback

Add or remove a lua function to callback list.
First argument is the callback list, second is the name of the lua function to be called.
Two arguments adds the callback, if optional 3rd argument is true, removes the callback.
Cannot add the same function to the same callback list does nothing.

|===
| cmd_before  | called before an extended command is executed. The command name is given as a parameter. If this function returns false, the command will not execute.
| level_enter | called when hero enters the level for the first time.
| level_leave | called when hero leaves the level.
| end_turn    | called after player input is handled. May not be exact turn, if eg. hero is running or otherwise occupied.
|===

Example:

 nh.callback("level_enter", "tutorial_enter");
 nh.callback("level_enter", "tutorial_enter", true);


=== debug_flags

Set debugging flags.

|===
| mongen           | boolean | Do monsters generate
| hunger           | boolean | Does hero's hunger-state increase
| overwrite_stairs | boolean | Allow special-file commands overwrite the stairs
|===

Example:

 nh.debug_flags({ mongen = false, hunger = false });


=== dnum_name

Returns the full dungeon name (as defined in dungeon.lua) for the dungeon
number given as parameter.

Example:

 local dungeon_name = nh.dnum_name(u.dnum);


=== doturn

Execute gameloop once, or until multi-turn action is done if
optional boolean parameter is true.

Example:

 nh.doturn();


=== dump_fmtstr

Returns a string replacing special format chars with game data.
Only available if NetHack was compiled with DUMPLOG.

|===
| %% | literal '%'
| %t | game start, timestamp
| %T | current time, timestamp
| %d | game start, YYYYMMDDhhmmss
| %D | current time, YYYYMMDDhhmmss
| %v | game version, eg. '3.7.0-0'
| %u | UID
| %n | player name
| %N | first character of player name
|===

Example:

 local filename = nh.dump_fmtstr("/tmp/nethack.%n.%d.log");


=== eckey

Return the key bound to an extended command, or the full extended
command name, if it is not bound to any key.

Example:

 local k = nh.eckey("help");


=== getlin

Asks the player for a text to enter, and returns the entered string.

Example:

 local str = nh.getlin("What do you want to call this?");


=== getmap

Get information about the map location.
Returns a table with the following elements:

[%header]
|===
| field name | type     | description
| glyph      | integer  |
| typ        | integer  | terrain type
| typ_name   | text     | name of terrain type
| mapchr     | text     | <<_map_characters,map character>>
| seenv      | integer  | seen vector
| horizontal | boolean  |
| lit        | boolean  |
| waslit     | boolean  |
| roomno     | integer  | room number
| edge       | boolean  |
| candig     | boolean  |
| has_trap   | boolean  |
| flags      | table    | See below
|===

[%header]
|===
| field name | type     | description
| nodoor     | boolean  | door
| broken     | boolean  | door
| isopen     | boolean  | door
| closed     | boolean  | door
| locked     | boolean  | door
| trapped    | boolean  | door
| shrine     | boolean  | altar
| looted     | boolean  | throne, tree, fountain
| swarm      | boolean  | tree
| warned     | boolean  | fountain
| pudding    | boolean  | sink
| dishwasher | boolean  | sink
| ring       | boolean  | sink
|===

Example:

 local x = 20;
 local y = 10;
 local loc = nh.getmap(x,y);
 nh.pline("Map location at (" .. x .. "," .. y .. ) is " .. (loc.lit and "lit" or "unlit") );
 local loc2 = nh.getmap({ x = 18, y = 16 });


=== get_config

Get current value of a boolean or a compound configuration option.

Example:

 local wt = nh.get_config("windowtype");


=== gettrap

Get trap info at x,y
Returns a table with the following elements:

[%header]
|===
| field name  | type    | description
| tx, ty      | integer | trap coordinates
| ttyp        | integer | trap type
| ttyp_name   | text    | name of trap type
| tseen       | boolean | trap seen by you?
| madeby_u    | boolean | trap made by you?
| tnote       | integer | note of a squeaky board trap
| launchx, launchy, launch2x, launch2y | integer | coordinates of a boulder for a rolling boulder trap
| conjoined   | integer | encoded directions for a [spiked] pit.
|===

Example:

 local t1 = nh.gettrap(x, y);
 local t2 = nh.gettrap({ x = 10, y = 15 });


=== has_timer_at

Does location at x,y have a timer?

Example:

 local has_melttimer = nh.has_timer_at(x,y, "melt-ice");


=== deltrap

Delete a trap at x,y

Example:

 nh.deltrap(x, y);
 nh.deltrap({ x = 10, y = 10 });


=== impossible

Issue an impossible, signaling a possible error in the code.

Example:

 nh.impossible("Something errory happened!");


=== ing_suffix

Construct a gerund (a verb formed by appending "ing" to a noun).

Example:

 local str = nh.ing_suffix("foo");


=== level_difficulty

Returns an integer value describing the level difficulty.
Normally this is the level's physical depth from the surface.

Example:

 local diff = nh.level_difficulty();


=== makeplural

Pluralize the given string.

Example:

 local str = nh.makeplural("zorkmid");


=== makesingular

Make the given string singular.

Example:

 local str = nh.makesingular("zorkmids");


=== menu

Show a menu to the player.

Synopsis:

 s = nh.menu(prompt, default, pickx, { option1, option2, ... } );

* prompt is a string.
* default is the default returned value, if player cancelled the menu.
* pickx is how many entries user is allowed to choose, one of "none", "one" or "any".

Options is a table with either { "key" = "text" }, or { { key : "a", text: "text of option a"} }.

Example:

 local selected = nh.menu("prompt", default, pickX, { "a" = "option a", "b" = "option b" });
 local selected = nh.menu("prompt", default, pickX, { {key:"a", text:"option a"}, {key:"b", text:"option b"} } );


=== parse_config

Parse string as if it was read from a config file.
Always call parse_config_errors afterwards to check for any parsing errors.

Example:

 nh.parse_config("OPTIONS=color");


=== parse_config_errors

Returns any errors found when parsing a config file string with parse_config.

Example:

 nh.parse_config("OPTIONS=color\nOPTIONS=!color");
 local errors = nh.parse_config_errors();
 nh.pline("Line: " .. errors[1].line .. ", " .. errors[1].error);


=== peek_timer_at

When does timer at location at x,y trigger?
See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 local melttime = nh.peek_timer_at(x,y, "melt-ice");
 local melttime = nh.peek_timer_at({x=5,y=6}, "melt-ice");


=== pline

Show the text in the message area.
Second parameter is an optional boolean; if true, force a `--more--` prompt.

Example:

 nh.pline("Message text to show.");
 nh.pline("Waiting for user.", true);


=== pushkey

Push a key into the command queue.

Example:

 nh.pushkey("i");


=== random

Generate a random number.

Example:

 nh.random(10);  -- returns a number between 0 and 9, inclusive.
 nh.random(1,5); -- same as 1 + nh.random(5);


=== rn2

Generate a random number.

Example:

 nh.rn2(10); -- returns a number between 0 and 9, inclusive.


=== s_suffix

Return a string converted to possessive.

Example:

 local str = nh.s_suffix("foo");


=== stairways

Returns an array of stairway data. Each entry is a hash with the following keys:

|===
| x, y   | location of the stairs on the map
| up     | boolean, is it up stairs?
| ladder | boolean, is it a ladder?
| dnum   | dungeon number where the stairs lead to
| dlevel | dungeon level where the stairs lead to
|===

Example:

 local stairs = nh.stairways();
 for k, v in pairs(stairs) do
   nh.pline("stair[" .. k .. "]:(" .. v.x .. "," .. v.y .. ")," .. tostring(v.up));
 end


=== start_timer_at

Start a timer at location x,y, with trigger time of `when` - relative to current turn.
See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 nh.start_timer_at(x,y, "melt-ice", when);
 nh.start_timer_at({x=7,y=8}, "melt-ice", when);


=== stop_timer_at

Stop a timer at location x,y.
See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 nh.stop_timer_at(x,y, "melt-ice");
 nh.stop_timer_at({x=5,y=6}, "melt-ice");


=== text

Show long texts in a menu window. Wordwraps automatically.

Example:

 nh.text("long long long string\nwith newlines too.");


=== variable

Set or get a global variable. These are persistent, saved and restored along with the game.
Supports only strings, booleans, numbers, or tables.

Example:

 nh.variable("test", 10);
 local ten = nh.variable("test");
 nh.variable("tbl", { a = 1, b = "foo" });
 local tbl = nh.variable("tbl");


=== verbalize

Show the text in the message area as if someone said it, obeying eg. hero's deafness.

Example:

 nh.verbalize("Message to say.");


== Special level functions

Functions for creating special levels. They are in the `des` table.

All special level functions involving xy coordinates interpret these as relative
to the last defined map or room.


=== altar

Create an altar of certain type and alignment.

* align is one of "noalign", "law", "neutral", "chaos", "coaligned", "noncoaligned", or "random",
  defaulting to "random".
* type is one of "altar", "shrine", or "sanctum", defaulting to "altar".

Example:

 des.altar({ x=6, y=12 });
 des.altar({ coord = {5, 10}, align = "noalign", type = "altar" });


=== corridor

Create a random corridor from one room to another.

* srcwall and destwall are one of "all", "random", "north", "west", "east", or "south", defaulting to "all".

Example:

 des.corridor({ srcroom=1, srcdoor=2, srcwall="north", destroom=2, destdoor=1, destwall="west" });


=== door

Create a door at a coordinate on the map, or in a room's wall.
When adding a door to a <<_room>>, it must be added after the subrooms in the room.

* state is one of "random", "open", "closed", "locked", "nodoor", "broken", or "secret", defaulting to "random".

Example:

 des.door({ x = 1, y = 1, state = "nodoor" });
 des.door({ coord = {1, 1}, state = "nodoor" });
 des.door({ wall = "north", pos = 3, state = "secret" });
 des.door("nodoor", 1, 2);


=== drawbridge

Create a drawbridge. Location is where the open drawbridge would be,
and there should be a wall when moving one step towards the diven direction;
this is where the portcullis will be placed.

* dir is one of "north", "south", "west", "east", or "random".
* state is one of "open", "closed", or "random".

Example:

 des.drawbridge({ dir="east", state="closed", x=05,y=08 });
 des.drawbridge({ dir="east", state="closed", coord={05,08} });


=== engraving

Create an engraving.

* type is one of "dust", "engrave", "burn", "mark", or "blood".
* optional boolean `degrade` defaults to true; engraving can degrade or be wiped out.
* optional boolean `guardobjects` defaults to false (unless making a level and the text is "Elbereth"); are items on the engraving protected from monsters.

Example:

 des.engraving({ x = 1, y = 1, type = "burn", text = "Foo" });
 des.engraving({ coord = {1, 1}, type = "burn", text = "Foo" });
 des.engraving({x,y}, "engrave", "Foo");


=== exclusion

Exclude an area of the map from being randomly chosen target when
falling or teleporting into the level.  Multiple exclusions per level are allowed.

* type is one of "teleport", "teleport-up", or "teleport-down".

Example:

 des.exclusion({ type = "teleport", region = { 0,0, 10,5 } });


=== feature

Create a feature, and set flags for it.
Valid features are a fountain, a sink, a pool, a throne, or a tree.
Throne has `looted` flag, tree has `looted` and `swarm`, fountain has `looted` and `warned`,
sink has `pudding`, `dishwasher`, and `ring`.
If passed with no coordinates, it will be placed in a random normal-floor spot
in the enclosing room or region if one exists, or a random normal-floor spot
anywhere on the level if one does not exist.

Example:

 des.feature("fountain", 2, 3);
 des.feature("fountain", {4, 5});
 des.feature({ type = "fountain", x = 12, y = 6 });
 des.feature({ type = "fountain", coord = {4, 6} });
 des.feature({ type = "throne", coord = {4, 6}, looted = true });
 des.feature({ type = "tree", coord = {4, 6}, looted = true, swarm = false });


=== finalize_level

Only used for testing purposes. See also <<_reset_level>>.

Example:

 des.finalize_level();


=== gold

Create a pile of gold.

Example:

 des.gold(500, 3,5);
 des.gold(500, {5, 6});
 des.gold({ amount = 500, x = 2, y = 5 });
 des.gold({ amount = 500, coord = {2, 5} });
 des.gold();


=== grave

Create a grave.  A missing text results in a random epitaph being used.

Example:

 des.grave(40,11, "Text");
 des.grave({ x = 10, y = 20, text = "Epitaph text" });
 des.grave({ coord = {10, 20}, text = "Epitaph text" });
 des.grave({ text = "Epitaph text" });
 des.grave();


=== ladder

Create a ladder.

Example:

 des.ladder("down");
 des.ladder("up", 6,10);
 des.ladder("up", {6,10});
 des.ladder({ x=11, y=05, dir="down" });
 des.ladder({ coord={11, 05}, dir="down" });


=== level_flags

Set flags for this level.

|===
| noteleport    | Prevents teleporting
| hardfloor     | Prevents digging down
| nommap        | Prevents magic mapping
| shortsighted  | Prevents monsters from seeing the hero from far away
| arboreal      | Notionally an outdoor map; replaces solid stone with trees
| mazelevel     |
| shroud        | Unseen locations on the level will not be remembered by the hero, instead of rendering as out-of-sight map, trap, and object glyphs like they normally do.
| graveyard     | Treats the level as a graveyard level (causes graveyard sounds and undead have a reduced chance of leaving corpses).
| icedpools     | Ice generated with the level will be treated as frozen pools instead of frozen moats.
| corrmaze      |
| premapped     | Map, including traps and boulders, is revealed on entrance.
| sokoban       | Level has special Sokoban rules
| solidify      | Areas outside the specified level map are made undiggable and unphaseable.
| inaccessibles | If inaccessible areas are generated, generate ways for them to connect to the "accessible" area.
| noflip        | Prevent flipping the level.
| noflipx       | Prevent flipping the level horizontally.
| noflipy       | Prevent flipping the level vertically.
| hot           | Level is hot. Dungeon flag "hellish" automatically sets this.
| cold          | Level is cold.
| temperate     | Level is neither hot nor cold.
| nomongen      | Prevents random monster generation.
| nodeathdrops  | Prevents killed monsters from dropping corpses or random death drops.
| fumaroles     | Lava emits poison gas clouds at random.
| stormy        | Clouds create lightning bolts at random.
|===

Example:

 des.level_flags("noteleport", "mazelevel");


=== level_init

Initialize the map with a random generator of a certain type.

Example:

 des.level_init({ style = "solidfill", fg = " " });
 des.level_init({ style = "mines", fg = ".", bg = "}", smoothed=true, joined=true, lit=0 })
 des.level_init({ style = "maze", corrwid = 3, wallthick = 1, deadends = false });


=== levregion

Create a region where a stair, a branch stair, or a portal is created,
or a region which limits teleportation.

* type is one of "stair-down", "stair-up", "portal", "branch", "teleport", "teleport-up", or "teleport-down".
* name is used for portals as the target level name.

Example:

 des.levregion({ region = { x1,y1, x2,y2 }, exclude = { x1,y1, x2,y2 }, type = "portal", name="air" });


=== map

Construct a piece of the level from text map. Takes one parameter, either a text string
describing the map, or a table with multiple parameters. Returns a <<_selection>> where
the map locations were put down on. If a contents-function is used, the commands following
the map are not relative to it.

[options="header"]
|===
| parameter | description
| x, y      | Coordinates on the level.
| coord     | Coordinates in table format.
| halign    | Horizontal alignment on a rough 3x3 grid.
| valign    | Vertical alignment on a rough 3x3 grid.
| map       | Multi-line string describing the map. See <<_map_characters>>
| lit       | Boolean. Are the map grids lit? Default is false.
| contents  | A function called with one parameter, a table with "width" and "height", the map width and height. All coordinates in the function will be relative to the map.
|===

Example:

 des.map({ x = 10, y = 10, map = [[...]] });
 des.map({ coord = {10, 10}, map = [[...]] });
 des.map({ halign = "center", valign = "center", map = [[...]] });
 des.map([[...]]);
 des.map({ halign = "center", valign = "center", map = [[
 ....
 ....
 ....]], contents = function(map)
   des.terrain(0,0, "L");
   des.terrain(map.width-1, map.height-1, "T");
 end });
 local sel = des.map([[LLL]]);


=== mazewalk

Create a maze.

* dir is one of "north", "south", "east", "west", or "random", and tells which direction the maze creation starts. Default is "random".
* stocked tells whether the maze is stocked with default monsters and objects.
* typ is the map terrain used for the walkable parts of the maze.

Example:

 des.mazewalk({ x = NN, y = NN, typ = ".", dir = "north", stocked = 0 });
 des.mazewalk({ coord = {NN, NN}, typ = ".", dir = "north" });
 des.mazewalk(x,y,dir);


=== message

Message shown to the player when entering the level for the first time.

Example:

 des.message("Foo");


=== mineralize

Place random gems, gold, and kelp on the level.

Example:

 des.mineralize({ gem_prob = 10, gold_prob = 20, kelp_moat = 30, kelp_pool = 40 });


=== monster

Create a monster.

The hash parameter accepts the following keys:

[options="header"]
|===
| parameter      | type   | description
| id             | string | specific monster type, eg. "wood nymph"
| class          | string | monster class, eg "D"
| x, y           | integers |
| coord          | table of two integer |
| peaceful       | boolean |
| asleep         | boolean |
| name           | string | name of the monster
| female         | boolean |
| invisible      | boolean |
| cancelled      | boolean |
| revived        | boolean |
| avenge         | boolean |
| fleeing        | 0 - 127 |
| blinded        | 0 - 127 |
| paralyzed      | 0 - 127 |
| stunned        | boolean |
| confused       | boolean |
| waiting        | boolean | monster will wait until hero gets next to it
| tail           | boolean | generate worm without a tail?
| group          | boolean | generate a group of monsters?
| adjacentok     | boolean | is adjacent location ok, if given one is not suitable?
| ignorewater    | boolean | ignore water when choosing location for the monster
| countbirth     | boolean | do we count this monster as generated
| appear_as      | string | monster can appear as object, monster, or terrain. Add "obj:", "mon:", or "ter:" prefix to the value. |
| inventory      | function | objects generated in the function are given to the monster
|===

Example:

 des.monster();
 des.monster("wood nymph");
 des.monster("D");
 des.monster("giant eel",11,06);
 des.monster("hill giant", {08,06});
 des.monster({ id = "giant mimic", appear_as = "obj:boulder" });
 des.monster({ class = "H", peaceful = 0 });


=== non_diggable

Set walls in an area of the map as non-diggable.  See also: <<_wall_property>>.

Example:

 des.non_diggable(selection);
 des.non_diggable();


=== non_passwall

Set walls in an area of the map as non-passwall, so they can't be phased through.  See also: <<_wall_property>>.

Example:

 des.non_passwall(selection);
 des.non_passwall();


=== object

Create an object. Returns the object as an <<Obj>> class.
The table parameter accepts the following:

[options="header"]
|===
| key         | type     | description
| id          | string   | Specific object type name
| class       | string   | Single character, object class
| spe         | int      | obj-struct spe-field value. See table below. Also accepts "random".
| buc         | string   | one of "random", "blessed", "uncursed", "cursed",
                           "not-cursed", "not-uncursed", "not-blessed".
                           Default is "random"
| name        | string   | Object name
| quantity    | int      | Number of items in this stack. Also accepts "random".
| buried      | boolean  | Is the object buried?
| lit         | boolean  | Is the object lit?
| eroded      | int      | Object erosion
| locked      | boolean  | Is the object locked?
| trapped     | boolean  | Is the object trapped?
| recharged   | boolean  | Is the object recharged?
| greased     | boolean  | Is the object greased?
| broken      | boolean  | Is the object broken?
| achievement | boolean  | Is there an achievement attached to the object?
| x, y        | int      | Coordinates on the level
| coord       | table    | x,y coordinates in table format
| montype     | string   | Monster id or class
| historic    | boolean  | Is statue historic?
| male        | boolean  | Is statue male?
| female      | boolean  | Is statue female?
| laid_by_you | boolean  | Is an egg laid by you?
| contents    | function | Container contents. The container object is given as a parameter. See <<Obj>> class.
|===

Example:

 des.object();
 des.object("/");
 des.object("sack");
 des.object("scimitar", 6, 7);
 des.object("scimitar", {6, 7});
 des.object({ class = "%" });
 des.object({ id = "boulder", x = 03, y = 12});
 des.object({ id = "chest", coord = {03, 12}, locked = true, contents = function(obj) des.object("rock"); end });
 local o = des.object();


=== random_corridors

Create random corridors between rooms.

Example:

 des.random_corridors();


=== region

Create a room region, which can be irregular; use the boundary <<_map_characters,map character>> to restrict the floodfilled area.

If using the first form with a selection and "lit", the lit area will extend
outward 1 space from the selection to attempt to accomodate adjacent walls,
regardless of whether they are actually walls or not. If using "unlit", this
will not happen.

Example:

 des.region(selection, lit);
 des.region({ x1=NN, y1=NN, x2=NN, y2=NN, lit=BOOL, type=ROOMTYPE, joined=BOOL, irregular=BOOL, filled=NN [ , contents = FUNCTION ] });
 des.region({ region={x1,y1, x2,y2}, type="ordinary" });


=== replace_terrain

Replaces matching terrain on the area, selection, or whole map.
The mapfragment case is similar to the selection <<_match>>, but the replacement is done immediately when matched.

Example:

 des.replace_terrain({ x1=NN,y1=NN, x2=NN,y2=NN, fromterrain=MAPCHAR, toterrain=MAPCHAR, lit=N, chance=NN });
 des.replace_terrain({ region={x1,y1, x2,y2}, fromterrain=MAPCHAR, toterrain=MAPCHAR, lit=N, chance=NN });
 des.replace_terrain({ selection=selection.area(2,5, 40,10), fromterrain=MAPCHAR, toterrain=MAPCHAR });
 des.replace_terrain({ selection=SEL, mapfragment=[[...]], toterrain=MAPCHAR });
 des.replace_terrain({ mapfragment=[[...]], toterrain=MAPCHAR });
 des.replace_terrain({ fromterrain=MAPCHAR, toterrain=MAPCHAR });


=== reset_level

Only used for testing purposes. See also <<_finalize_level>>.

Example:

 des.reset_level();


=== room

Create a room of certain type and size. Takes one parameter, a table with the following
fields:

[options="header"]
|===
| parameter | description
| type      | The room type. Default is "ordinary"
| chance    | Percentage chance this room is of type, otherwise it will be created as ordinary room. Default is 100.
| x,y       | Room coordinates.
| coord     | Room coordinates, in table format.
| w, h      | Width and height. Both default to -1 (random). If one is set, then both must be set.
| xalign    | Horizontal alignment on a rough 3x3 grid. Default is "random".
| yalign    | Vertical alignment on a rough 3x3 grid. Default is "random".
| lit       | Is the room lit or unlit? Defaults to -1 (random).
| filled    | Is the room filled as per the room type. Defaults to 1 (filled).
| joined    | Is the room joined to the rest of the level with corridors? Default is true.
| contents  | A function called with one parameter, a table with room data. See <<_room_contents>>.
|===


==== room contents

The room contents function is called when the room is created.
All coordinates in the function will be relative to the room.
The function get passed one parameter, a table with room data:

[options="header"]
|===
| parameter   | description
| width       | room width, excluding the walls.
| height      | room height, excluding the walls.
| region      | table with 4 elements, the room region coordinates: x1, y1, x2, y2.
| lit         | is the room lit or unlit?
| irregular   | is the room irregular?
| needjoining | does the room need joining with corridors?
| type        | the room type.
|===


Example:

 des.room({ type="ordinary", lit=1, x=3,y=3, xalign="center",yalign="center", w=11,h=9 });
 des.room({ lit=1, coord={3,3}, xalign="center",yalign="center", w=11,h=9 });
 des.room({ type="ordinary", contents=function(room)
    des.terrain(0,0, "L");
    des.terrain(room.width, room.height, "T");
 end });


=== stair

Create stairs.

Example:

 des.stair("up");
 des.stair({ dir = "down" });
 des.stair({ dir = "down", x = 4, y = 7 });
 des.stair({ dir = "down", coord = {5,12} });
 des.stair("down", 4, 7);
 des.stair("down", {4, 7});


=== teleport_region

Example:

 des.teleport_region({ region = { x1,y1, x2,y2} });
 des.teleport_region({ region = { x1,y1, x2,y2}, region_islev = 1, exclude = { x1,y1, x2,y2}, exclude_islev = 1, dir = "up" });


=== terrain

Example:

 des.terrain({ x=5, y=6, typ="L", lit=1 });
 des.terrain({ coord={10, 11}, typ="T", lit=0 });
 des.terrain({ selection=selection.rect(15,5, 20,7), typ="F", lit=0 });
 des.terrain(selection.area(25, 3, 30,6), "C");
 des.terrain({20,11}, ".");
 des.terrain(21,12, ".");


=== trap

Create a trap. The `launchfrom` is relative to the rolling boulder trap coord.

Example:

 des.trap({ type = "hole", x = 1, y = 1 });
 des.trap({ type = "hole", coord = {2, 2} });
 des.trap({ type = "web", coord = {2, 2}, spider_on_web = false, seen = true });
 des.trap({ type = "falling rock", victim = false });
 des.trap({ type = "rolling boulder", coord = {7, 5}, launchfrom = {-2, -2} });
 des.trap("hole", 3, 4);
 des.trap("level teleport", {5, 8});
 des.trap("rust")
 des.trap();


=== wall_property

Set walls in an area nondiggable or non-passwall. See also: <<_non_diggable>> and <<_non_passwall>>.

Example:

 des.wall_property({ x1=0, y1=0, x2=78, y2=20, property="nondiggable" });
 des.wall_property({ region = {1,0, 78,20}, property="nonpasswall" });


=== wallify

Example:

 des.wallify({ x1=NN,y1=NN, x2=NN,y2=NN });
 des.wallify();


== Selection

Selection object can be used to "select" areas of the map with graphic primitives.


=== new

Create a new selection.

Example:

 local sel = selection.new();


=== Logical and

Choose locations that are selected in both selections.

Example:

 local sel = selection.area(4,5, 40,10) & selection.rect(7,8, 60,14);


=== Logical or

Choose locations that are selected in either or both selections. The
addition operator also does this.

Example:

 local sel = selection.area(4,5, 40,10) | selection.rect(7,8, 60,14);
 local sel = selection.area(4,5, 40,10) + selection.rect(7,8, 60,14);


=== Logical xor

Choose locations in either selection, but not both.

Example:

 local sel = selection.area(4,5, 40,10) ~ selection.rect(7,8, 60,14);


=== Logical difference

Choose locations in the first selection but not in the second selection.

Example:

 local sel = selection.area(10,10, 20,20) - selection.area(14,14, 17,17);


=== area

Alias for <<_fillrect>>.


=== bounds

Get the bounding box for the selection. Returns a table with lx, ly, hx, hy integer fields.

Example:

 local rect = sel:bounds();
 local s = string.format("(%i,%i)-(%i,%i)", rect.lx, rect.ly, rect.hx, rect.hy));


=== circle

Example:

 local s = selection.circle(x,y, radius);
 local s = selection.circle(x, y, radius, filled);
 local s = selection.circle(sel, x, y, radius);
 local s = selection.circle(sel, x, y, radius, filled);


=== clone

Clone a selection.

Example:

 local sel2 = selection.clone(sel);


=== ellipse

Example:

 local s = selection.ellipse(x, y, radius1, radius2);
 local s = selection.ellipse(x, y, radius1, radius2, filled);
 local s = selection.ellipse(sel, x, y, radius1, radius2);
 local s = selection.ellipse(sel, x, y, radius1, radius2, filled);


=== fillrect

Example:

 local s = selection.fillrect(sel, x1,y1, x2,y2);
 local s = selection.fillrect(x1,y1, x2,y2);
 s:fillrect(x1,y1, x2,y2);
 selection.area(x1,y1, x2,y2);


=== filter_mapchar

Filter points in selection by choosing those that match the map character,
and optionally the light state of the map location.

`lit` can be 1 or 0 (which matches the lit or unlit locations),
or -1, in which case it will choose either all lit or all unlit map locations.

Example:

 local s = selection.filter_mapchar(sel, mapchar);
 local s = selection.filter_mapchar(sel, mapchar, lit);


=== floodfill

Select locations by starting floodfill at (x,y),
matching the same map terrain in cardinal directions.
If the optional third parameter is true, also checks diagonals.

Example:

 local s = selection.floodfill(sel, x, y);
 local s = selection.floodfill(x,y);
 local s = selection.floodfill(x,y, true);


=== get

Get the selection value at (x,y).

Example:

 local value = selection.get(sel, x, y);
 local value = selection.get(sel, { x = 10, y = 14 });


=== gradient

Create a "gradient" of selected positions, radiating outward from a center point
or line.
x and y are required; x2 and y2 are not required. If they are provided and are
different from x and y, the center of the gradient will be a line; otherwise it
will be a point source at (x,y).
type is either "radial" or "square"; defaults to "radial" if not provided.
mindist is not required and is 0 by default. Points within (mindist) tiles of
the center will always be added to the selection.
maxdist is required. Points more than (maxdist) tiles from the center will never
be added to the selection.
For any given point between mindist and maxdist, there is a random chance it
will be added to the selection; this chance starts at 100% at mindist and
decreases linearly to 0% at maxdist.

Example:

 local s = selection.gradient({ type = "radial", x = 3, y = 5, x2 = 10, y2 = 12, mindist = 4, maxdist = 10 });


=== grow

Add locations to the selection by choosing unselected locations
to the given direction from selected locations.
If no direction is given, picks all directions.

Example:

 local s = selection.grow(sel);
 local s = selection.grow(sel, "north");


=== iterate

Iterate through the selection, calling a function for each set point.

Example:

 sel:iterate(function(x,y) ... end);


=== line

Draw a line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2).

Example:

 local s = selection.line(sel, x1,y1, x2,y2);
 local s = selection.line(x1,y1, x2,y2);
 s:line(x1,y1, x2,y2);


=== match

Every location on the map, centered on the map fragment and matching it,
are added to the selection. The map fragment must have odd width and height,
and the center must not be the "transparent" map character.

Example:

 local s = selection.match([[
 ...
 .L.
 ...]]);


=== negate

Negate the selection. Alias for "unary minus" and "bitwise not".

Example:

 local s = selection.negate(sel);
 local s = selection.negate();


=== numpoints

Return the number of points in the selection.

Example:

 local n = sel:numpoints();


=== percentage

Each selected location has a percentage chance of being selected in the new selection.

Example:

 local s = selection.percentage(sel, 50);


=== randline

Example:

 local s = selection.randline(sel, x1,y1, x2,y2, roughness);
 local s = selection.randline(x1,y1, x2,y2, roughness);


=== rect

Draw a rectangle.

Example:

 local s = selection.rect(sel, x1,y1, x2,y2);


=== rndcoord

Choose one of the selected locations, and return a table with x and y keys.
If the optional second argument is 1, removes the location from the selection.
If there are no coordinates in the selection, returns -1, -1.

Example:

 local coord = selection.rndcoord(sel);
 local coord = selection.rndcoord(sel, 1);


=== room

Create a selection of locations inside the (current) room.

Example:

 des.room({ type = "ordinary", contents = function(rm)
   local sel = selection.room();
   des.terrain(sel, "I");
 end
 });


=== set

Set the value for location (x,y) in the selection.

Example:

 selection.set(sel, x, y);
 selection.set(sel, x, y, value);
 local sel = selection.set();
 local sel = sel:set();
 local sel = selection.set(sel);


== Obj

Handling objects via obj-class.


=== new

Create a new object via wishing routine.

Example:

 local o = obj.new("rock");


=== isnull

Is the object a "null" object?  Meaning, the object variable exists in lua, but NetHack
core has freed it.

Example:

 local badobj = o:isnull();


=== at

Get the topmost object on the map at x,y.

Example:

 local o = obj.at(x, y);


=== next

Get the next object in the object chain.
When called without an object, returns the first object in the object chain.
When called with an object, an optional boolean parameter can be given. When
it is true, and the object is on the map, the next object at the same location
is returned. Otherwise the normal object chain is followed.

Example:

 local first = obj.next();
 local second = first:next();
 local o_at_xy = obj.at(x, y);
 local next_at_xy = o_at_xy:next(true);


=== totable

Create a lua table representation of the object, unpacking all the object fields.

Example:

 local o = obj.new("rock");
 local otbl = o:totable();


=== class

Get a lua table of object class data.

Example:

 local odata1 = obj.class(obj.new("rock"));


=== placeobj

Place object on the map at x,y.

Example:

 local o = obj.new("rock");
 o:placeobj(u.ux, u.uy);


=== container

Get the container object is in.

Example:

 local box = o:container();


=== contents

Get the contents of an object.

Example:

 local o = obj.new("large chest");
 local cobj = o:contents();


=== addcontent

Put object inside another object.

Example:

 local box = obj.new("large chest");
 box.addcontent(obj.new("rock"));


=== has_timer

Does object have an attached timer of certain type?
See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 local hastimer = o:has_timer("rot-organic");


=== peek_timer

Peek at an object timer. Returns the turn when timer triggers.
Returns 0 if no such timer attached to the object.
See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 local when = o:peek_timer("hatch-egg");


=== stop_timer

Stop object timer(s). Return the turn when timer would have triggered.
Returns 0 if no such timer was attached to the object.
Without a timer type parameters, stops all timers for the object,
and returns nothing. See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 o:stop_timer();
 local when = o:stop_timer("rot-organic");


=== start_timer

Start an object timer. See <<_timer_types>>.

Example:

 o:start_timer("hatch-egg", 10);


=== bury

Bury an object. Returns true if object is gone (merged with ground), false otherwise.
Without parameters, buries the object at the location it is.

Example:

 local ogone = o:bury();
 local ogone = o:bury(5, 5);


== Map characters

[%header, cols="10%,90%"]
|===
| Character | Dungeon feature
| `" "`     | solid stone wall
| `"#"`     | corridor
| `"."`     | room floor
| `"-"`     | horizontal wall
| `"\|"`    | vertical wall
| `"+"`     | door
| `"A"`     | air
| `"B"`     | crosswall / boundary symbol hack
| `"C"`     | cloud
| `"S"`     | secret door
| `"H"`     | secret corridor
| `"{"`     | fountain
| `"\"`     | throne
| `"K"`     | sink
| `"}"`     | moat
| `"P"`     | pool of water
| `"L"`     | lava pool
| `"Z"`     | wall of lava
| `"I"`     | ice
| `"W"`     | water
| `"T"`     | tree
| `"F"`     | iron bars
| `"x"`     | "transparent" - used for <<_map>> parts.
| `"w"`     | "any wall" - see <<_match>>
|===


== Constants

These constants are in the `nhc` table.

|===
| COLNO | Number of map columns
| ROWNO | Number of map rows
| DLB   | 1 or 0, depending if NetHack is compiled with DLB
|===


== Timer types

[%header, cols="20%,10%,70%"]
|===
| Name          | Type | Description
| rot-organic   | obj  | non-corpse object rotting away
| rot-corpse    | obj  | corpse object rotting away
| revive-mon    | obj  | monster corpse revival
| zombify-mon   | obj  | monster corpse rising as a zombie
| burn-obj      | obj  | light-source object is lit
| hatch-egg     | obj  | egg hatching
| fig-transform | obj  | cursed figurine automatical transform
| shrink-glob   | obj  | glob object shrinking away
| melt-ice      | map  | ice at map location melts
|===
