Handle assignment operations correctly

Summary: public
C++ assignment operation result is lvalue, while in C it was rvalue.
This leads to different AST produced by clang for then same code!
Use language information from clang (`-x` flag) to distinguish these cases.

More specifically, let's look at following code:

  int r;
  int f = (r = 3);

  // type of (r = 3) expression:
  // C/objC -> int rvalue
  // C++/objC++ -> int lvalue

Existing code did extra dereference because it was rvalue in C and there was no cast afterwards
in C++ there will be extra LValueToRvalue cast when neccesary so we don't have to do extra dereference manually

Reference:
http://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/value_category (search for 'assignment and compound assignment operators')

NOTE: AST output doesn't change when something is hidden behind `extern "C"`, so we should use global language information

Reviewed By: ddino

Differential Revision: D2549866

fb-gh-sync-id: b193b11

infer/src/clang/cFrontend_utils.ml

@@ -518,6 +518,9 @@ struct
           let mangled_name = Mangled.mangled name.Clang_ast_t.ni_name mangled in
           Sil.mk_pvar mangled_name procname
     | None -> Sil.mk_pvar simple_name procname
+
+  let is_cpp_translation language =
+    language = CFrontend_config.CPP || language = CFrontend_config.OBJCPP
 end
 
 

infer/src/clang/cFrontend_utils.mli

@@ -154,4 +154,6 @@ sig
 
   val mk_sil_var : Clang_ast_t.named_decl_info -> var_info option -> Procname.t -> Procname.t ->
     Sil.pvar
+
+  val is_cpp_translation : CFrontend_config.lang -> bool
 end

infer/src/clang/cTrans.ml

@@ -495,7 +495,9 @@ struct
 
          let instrs_after_assign, assign_ids, exp_to_parent =
            if (is_binary_assign_op binary_operator_info)
-           && ((not creating_node) || (is_return_temp trans_state.continuation)) then (
+              (* assignment operator result is lvalue in CPP, rvalue in C, hence the difference *)
+              && (not (General_utils.is_cpp_translation !CFrontend_config.language))
+              && ((not creating_node) || (is_return_temp trans_state.continuation)) then (
              (* We are in this case when an assignment is inside        *)
              (* another operator that creates a node. Eg. another       *)
              (* assignment.  *)

infer/src/clang/cTrans_utils.ml

@@ -443,6 +443,9 @@ let compute_instr_ids_exp_to_parent stmt_info instr ids e lhs typ loc pri =
     (* The current AST element has created a node then instr and ids have  *)
     (* been already included in the node.                                  *)
     [], [], e
+  ) else if General_utils.is_cpp_translation !CFrontend_config.language then (
+    (* assignment operator result is lvalue in CPP, rvalue in C, hence the difference *)
+    instr, ids, e
   ) else (
     (* The node will be created by the parent. We pass the instr and ids.  *)
     (* For the expression we need to save the constend of the lhs in a new *)

infer/tests/codetoanalyze/c/frontend/nestedoperators/assign_in_condition.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+assign_in_condition.c

infer/tests/codetoanalyze/c/frontend/nestedoperators/assign_in_condition.cpp.dot

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+digraph iCFG {
+8 [label="8:  Return Stmt \n   *&return:int =32 [line 12]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 12]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 8 -> 2 ;
+7 [label="7: Prune (false branch) \n   n$1=*n$0:int  [line 11]\n  PRUNE((n$1 == 0), false); [line 11]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0,n$1); [line 11]\n " shape="invhouse"]
+	
+
+	 7 -> 4 ;
+6 [label="6: Prune (true branch) \n   n$1=*n$0:int  [line 11]\n  PRUNE((n$1 != 0), true); [line 11]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0,n$1); [line 11]\n " shape="invhouse"]
+	
+
+	 6 -> 8 ;
+5 [label="5:  BinaryOperatorStmt: Assign \n   n$0=*&p:int * [line 11]\n  *n$0:int =0 [line 11]\n  NULLIFY(&p,false); [line 11]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 5 -> 6 ;
+	 5 -> 7 ;
+4 [label="4: + \n  " ]
+	
+
+	 4 -> 3 ;
+3 [label="3:  Return Stmt \n   *&return:int =52 [line 14]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 14]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 3 -> 2 ;
+2 [label="2: Exit foo \n  " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+1 [label="1: Start foo\nFormals:  p:int *\nLocals:  \n   DECLARE_LOCALS(&return); [line 10]\n " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+	 1 -> 5 ;
+}

infer/tests/codetoanalyze/cpp/frontend/reference/nested_assignment.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+* Copyright (c) 2015 - present Facebook, Inc.
+* All rights reserved.
+*
+* This source code is licensed under the BSD style license found in the
+* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+* of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+*/
+
+void normal() {
+  int a = 3;
+  int &ref_from_val = a;
+  int &ref_from_ref = ref_from_val;
+}
+
+void nested() {
+  int a = 3;
+  int &ref_from_val = a = 4;
+  int &ref_from_ref = ref_from_val = 6;
+}
+
+
+void crazy_nested() {
+  int a = 3;
+  int b = a;
+
+  // a will refer to same object as ref_from_val and ref_from_ref, but different than b
+  int& ref_from_val = a = b = 4;
+  int& ref_from_ref = ref_from_val = b = 5;
+}

infer/tests/codetoanalyze/cpp/frontend/reference/nested_assignment.cpp.dot

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+digraph iCFG {
+16 [label="16:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =3 [line 24]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 16 -> 15 ;
+15 [label="15:  DeclStmt \n   n$3=*&a:int  [line 25]\n  *&b:int =n$3 [line 25]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$3); [line 25]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 25]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 15 -> 14 ;
+14 [label="14:  DeclStmt \n   *&b:int =4 [line 28]\n  n$2=*&b:int  [line 28]\n  *&a:int =n$2 [line 28]\n  *&ref_from_val:int =&a [line 28]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$2); [line 28]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 28]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 14 -> 13 ;
+13 [label="13:  DeclStmt \n   n$0=*&ref_from_val:int & [line 29]\n  *&b:int =5 [line 29]\n  n$1=*&b:int  [line 29]\n  *n$0:int =n$1 [line 29]\n  *&ref_from_ref:int =n$0 [line 29]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0,n$1); [line 29]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 29]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_ref,false); [line 29]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_val,false); [line 29]\n  NULLIFY(&a,false); [line 29]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 29]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 13 -> 12 ;
+12 [label="12: Exit crazy_nested \n  " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+11 [label="11: Start crazy_nested\nFormals: \nLocals:  ref_from_ref:int & ref_from_val:int & b:int  a:int  \n   DECLARE_LOCALS(&return,&ref_from_ref,&ref_from_val,&b,&a); [line 23]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 23]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_ref,false); [line 23]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_val,false); [line 23]\n " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+	 11 -> 16 ;
+10 [label="10:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =3 [line 17]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 10 -> 9 ;
+9 [label="9:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =4 [line 18]\n  *&ref_from_val:int =&a [line 18]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 9 -> 8 ;
+8 [label="8:  DeclStmt \n   n$0=*&ref_from_val:int & [line 19]\n  *n$0:int =6 [line 19]\n  *&ref_from_ref:int =n$0 [line 19]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0); [line 19]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_ref,false); [line 19]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_val,false); [line 19]\n  NULLIFY(&a,false); [line 19]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 19]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 8 -> 7 ;
+7 [label="7: Exit nested \n  " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+6 [label="6: Start nested\nFormals: \nLocals:  ref_from_ref:int & ref_from_val:int & a:int  \n   DECLARE_LOCALS(&return,&ref_from_ref,&ref_from_val,&a); [line 16]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_ref,false); [line 16]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_val,false); [line 16]\n " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+	 6 -> 10 ;
+5 [label="5:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =3 [line 11]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 5 -> 4 ;
+4 [label="4:  DeclStmt \n   *&ref_from_val:int =&a [line 12]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 4 -> 3 ;
+3 [label="3:  DeclStmt \n   n$0=*&ref_from_val:int & [line 13]\n  *&ref_from_ref:int =n$0 [line 13]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0); [line 13]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_ref,false); [line 13]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_val,false); [line 13]\n  NULLIFY(&a,false); [line 13]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 13]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 3 -> 2 ;
+2 [label="2: Exit normal \n  " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+1 [label="1: Start normal\nFormals: \nLocals:  ref_from_ref:int & ref_from_val:int & a:int  \n   DECLARE_LOCALS(&return,&ref_from_ref,&ref_from_val,&a); [line 10]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_ref,false); [line 10]\n  NULLIFY(&ref_from_val,false); [line 10]\n " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+	 1 -> 5 ;
+}

infer/tests/codetoanalyze/cpp/frontend/reference/reference_type_e2e.cpp

@@ -49,3 +49,21 @@ int ref_div0_function_temp_var() {
   zero_ref(r);
   return 1/a;
 }
+
+int ref_div0_nested_assignment() {
+  int a = 2;
+  int b = 3;
+  int &r1 = a;
+  int &r2 = r1 = b = 1;
+  r2 = 0;
+  return 1/a;
+}
+
+int ref_div1_nested_assignment() {
+  int a = 2;
+  int b = 3;
+  int &r1 = a;
+  int &r2 = r1 = b = 1;
+  r2 = 0;
+  return 1/b;
+}

infer/tests/codetoanalyze/cpp/frontend/reference/reference_type_e2e.cpp.dot

@@ -1,4 +1,66 @@
 digraph iCFG {
+56 [label="56:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =2 [line 63]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 56 -> 55 ;
+55 [label="55:  DeclStmt \n   *&b:int =3 [line 64]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 64]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 55 -> 54 ;
+54 [label="54:  DeclStmt \n   *&r1:int =&a [line 65]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 54 -> 53 ;
+53 [label="53:  DeclStmt \n   n$2=*&r1:int & [line 66]\n  *&b:int =1 [line 66]\n  n$3=*&b:int  [line 66]\n  *n$2:int =n$3 [line 66]\n  *&r2:int =n$2 [line 66]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$2,n$3); [line 66]\n  NULLIFY(&r1,false); [line 66]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 53 -> 52 ;
+52 [label="52:  BinaryOperatorStmt: Assign \n   n$1=*&r2:int & [line 67]\n  *n$1:int =0 [line 67]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$1); [line 67]\n  NULLIFY(&r2,false); [line 67]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 52 -> 51 ;
+51 [label="51:  Return Stmt \n   n$0=*&b:int  [line 68]\n  *&return:int =(1 / n$0) [line 68]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0); [line 68]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 68]\n  NULLIFY(&a,false); [line 68]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 68]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 51 -> 50 ;
+50 [label="50: Exit ref_div1_nested_assignment \n  " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+49 [label="49: Start ref_div1_nested_assignment\nFormals: \nLocals:  r2:int & r1:int & b:int  a:int  \n   DECLARE_LOCALS(&return,&r2,&r1,&b,&a); [line 62]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 62]\n  NULLIFY(&r1,false); [line 62]\n  NULLIFY(&r2,false); [line 62]\n " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+	 49 -> 56 ;
+48 [label="48:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =2 [line 54]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 48 -> 47 ;
+47 [label="47:  DeclStmt \n   *&b:int =3 [line 55]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 55]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 47 -> 46 ;
+46 [label="46:  DeclStmt \n   *&r1:int =&a [line 56]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 46 -> 45 ;
+45 [label="45:  DeclStmt \n   n$2=*&r1:int & [line 57]\n  *&b:int =1 [line 57]\n  n$3=*&b:int  [line 57]\n  *n$2:int =n$3 [line 57]\n  *&r2:int =n$2 [line 57]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$2,n$3); [line 57]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 57]\n  NULLIFY(&r1,false); [line 57]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 45 -> 44 ;
+44 [label="44:  BinaryOperatorStmt: Assign \n   n$1=*&r2:int & [line 58]\n  *n$1:int =0 [line 58]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$1); [line 58]\n  NULLIFY(&r2,false); [line 58]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 44 -> 43 ;
+43 [label="43:  Return Stmt \n   n$0=*&a:int  [line 59]\n  *&return:int =(1 / n$0) [line 59]\n  REMOVE_TEMPS(n$0); [line 59]\n  NULLIFY(&a,false); [line 59]\n  APPLY_ABSTRACTION; [line 59]\n " shape="box"]
+	
+
+	 43 -> 42 ;
+42 [label="42: Exit ref_div0_nested_assignment \n  " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+41 [label="41: Start ref_div0_nested_assignment\nFormals: \nLocals:  r2:int & r1:int & b:int  a:int  \n   DECLARE_LOCALS(&return,&r2,&r1,&b,&a); [line 53]\n  NULLIFY(&b,false); [line 53]\n  NULLIFY(&r1,false); [line 53]\n  NULLIFY(&r2,false); [line 53]\n " color=yellow style=filled]
+	
+
+	 41 -> 48 ;
 40 [label="40:  DeclStmt \n   *&a:int =2 [line 47]\n " shape="box"]
 	
 

infer/tests/endtoend/cpp/ReferenceTypeTest.java

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ public class ReferenceTypeTest {
         "ptr_div0_function_temp_var",
         "ref_div0",
         "ref_div0_function",
-        "ref_div0_function_temp_var"
+        "ref_div0_function_temp_var",
+        "ref_div0_nested_assignment"
     };
     assertThat(
         "Results should contain the expected divide by zero",

infer/tests/frontend/cpp/NestedOperatorsTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+* Copyright (c) 2013 - present Facebook, Inc.
+* All rights reserved.
+*
+* This source code is licensed under the BSD style license found in the
+* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+* of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+*/
+
+package frontend.cpp;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import utils.DebuggableTemporaryFolder;
+import utils.InferException;
+import utils.ClangFrontendUtils;
+
+/**
+ *  Run C++ frontend on C code and compare it to .dot files produced by C frontend.
+ */
+public class NestedOperatorsTest {
+
+  String nestedOperatorsBasePath = "infer/tests/codetoanalyze/c/frontend/nestedoperators/";
+
+  @Rule
+  public DebuggableTemporaryFolder folder = new DebuggableTemporaryFolder();
+
+  void frontendTest(String fileRelative) throws InterruptedException, IOException, InferException {
+    ClangFrontendUtils.createAndCompareCppDotFiles(folder, nestedOperatorsBasePath + fileRelative);
+  }
+
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenCaptureRunEnumThenDotFilesAreTheSame()
+      throws InterruptedException, IOException, InferException {
+    frontendTest("nestedassignment.c");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenCaptureRunUnionThenDotFilesAreTheSame()
+      throws InterruptedException, IOException, InferException {
+    frontendTest("union.c");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenCaptureRunAssignInConditionThenDotFilesAreTheSame()
+      throws InterruptedException, IOException, InferException {
+    // .dot file for cpp is slightly different (but semantically equivalent).
+    // We need to have different dot file to compare against.
+    // assign_in_condition.cpp is in fact pointing to assign_in_condition.c
+    frontendTest("assign_in_condition.cpp");
+  }
+
+}

infer/tests/frontend/cpp/ReferenceTest.java

@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@ public class ReferenceTest {
       throws InterruptedException, IOException, InferException {
     frontendTest("member_access_from_return.cpp");
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNestedAssignmentDotFilesMatch()
+      throws InterruptedException, IOException, InferException {
+    frontendTest("nested_assignment.cpp");
+  }
   
   @Test
   public void testReferenceTypeE2EDotFilesMatch()