This issue is raised when - iterating over a HashMap with `ketSet()` iterator - looking up the key each time Instead, it is more efficient to iterate over the loop with `entrySet` which returns key-vaue pairs and gets rid of the hashMap lookup. For instance, we would raise an issue for the following program: ```java void inefficient_loop_bad(HashMap testMap) { for (String key : testMap.keySet()) { Integer value = testMap.get(key); // extra look-up cost foo(key, value); } } ``` Instead, it is more efficient to have: ```java void efficient_loop_ok(HashMap testMap) { for (Map.Entry entry : testMap.entrySet()) { String key = entry.getKey(); Integer value = entry.getValue(); foo(key, value); } } ```