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import logging
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import re
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from abc import abstractmethod
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from django.conf import settings
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from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
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from django.db import models
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from django.urls import reverse
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from django.utils.timezone import now
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from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
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from mdeditor.fields import MDTextField # Markdown编辑器字段
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from uuslug import slugify # 智能slug生成，支持中文转拼音
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from djangoblog.utils import cache_decorator, cache
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from djangoblog.utils import get_current_site
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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class LinkShowType(models.TextChoices):
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"""链接显示位置枚举 - 控制友情链接在不同页面的显示"""
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I = ('i', _('index')) # 首页显示
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L = ('l', _('list')) # 列表页显示
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P = ('p', _('post')) # 文章详情页显示
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A = ('a', _('all')) # 全站显示
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S = ('s', _('slide')) # 幻灯片形式显示
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class BaseModel(models.Model):
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"""
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抽象基模型 - 提供所有模型的通用字段和方法
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采用抽象基类避免代码重复，符合DRY原则
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"""
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id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 自增主键
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creation_time = models.DateTimeField(_('creation time'), default=now) # 创建时间，自动设置为当前时间
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last_modify_time = models.DateTimeField(_('modify time'), default=now) # 最后修改时间
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def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
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"""
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重写save方法，实现智能slug生成和浏览量更新优化
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特殊处理：当只更新views字段时，使用update提高性能
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"""
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# 检查是否是文章视图更新操作 - 性能优化点
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is_update_views = isinstance(
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self,
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Article) and 'update_fields' in kwargs and kwargs['update_fields'] == ['views']
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if is_update_views:
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# 直接使用update语句更新浏览量，避免触发其他信号和save逻辑
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Article.objects.filter(pk=self.pk).update(views=self.views)
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else:
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# 自动生成slug：如果模型有slug字段，基于title或name生成
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if 'slug' in self.__dict__:
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slug = getattr(
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self, 'title') if 'title' in self.__dict__ else getattr(
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self, 'name')
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# 使用uuslug智能生成，支持中文转拼音
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setattr(self, 'slug', slugify(slug))
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super().save(*args, **kwargs)
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def get_full_url(self):
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"""生成包含域名的完整URL，用于分享和SEO"""
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site = get_current_site().domain
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url = "https://{site}{path}".format(site=site,
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path=self.get_absolute_url())
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return url
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class Meta:
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abstract = True # 声明为抽象类，不会创建对应的数据库表
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@abstractmethod
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def get_absolute_url(self):
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"""抽象方法 - 子类必须实现，返回对象的相对URL"""
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pass
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class Article(BaseModel):
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"""
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文章模型 - 博客核心内容模型
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包含文章的所有属性和业务逻辑
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"""
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# 状态选择项 - 使用元组保持Django传统，也可用TextChoices（Django3.0+）
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STATUS_CHOICES = (
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('d', _('Draft')), # 草稿状态
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('p', _('Published')), # 已发布状态
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)
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COMMENT_STATUS = (
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('o', _('Open')), # 开放评论
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('c', _('Close')), # 关闭评论
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)
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TYPE = (
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('a', _('Article')), # 普通文章
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('p', _('Page')), # 独立页面（如关于页面）
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)
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# 核心字段
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title = models.CharField(_('title'), max_length=200, unique=True) # 标题，唯一约束
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body = MDTextField(_('body')) # 正文，使用Markdown编辑器
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pub_time = models.DateTimeField(_('publish time'), default=now) # 发布时间
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status = models.CharField(_('status'), max_length=1, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='p') # 状态
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comment_status = models.CharField(_('comment status'), max_length=1, choices=COMMENT_STATUS, default='o') # 评论状态
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type = models.CharField(_('type'), max_length=1, choices=TYPE, default='a') # 类型
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views = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('views'), default=0) # 浏览量统计
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author = models.ForeignKey(
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settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, # 关联Django用户模型
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verbose_name=_('author'),
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on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 用户删除时级联删除文章
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article_order = models.IntegerField(_('order'), default=0) # 文章排序权重
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show_toc = models.BooleanField(_('show toc'), default=False) # 是否显示文章目录
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category = models.ForeignKey(
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'Category',
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verbose_name=_('category'),
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on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 文章分类
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tags = models.ManyToManyField('Tag', verbose_name=_('tag'), blank=True) # 文章标签，多对多关系
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def body_to_string(self):
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"""将body内容转为字符串 - 可能用于全文搜索或预览"""
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return self.body
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def __str__(self):
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"""字符串表示，用于Admin后台显示"""
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return self.title
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class Meta:
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"""模型元数据配置"""
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ordering = ['-article_order', '-pub_time'] # 默认排序：先按order倒序，再按发布时间倒序
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verbose_name = _('article') # 单数名称
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name # 复数名称
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get_latest_by = 'id' # 指定获取最新记录的字段
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def get_absolute_url(self):
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"""
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生成文章详情页URL
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采用年月日+ID的URL结构，有利于SEO和归档
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"""
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return reverse('blog:detailbyid', kwargs={
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'article_id': self.id,
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'year': self.creation_time.year,
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'month': self.creation_time.month,
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'day': self.creation_time.day
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})
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@cache_decorator(60 * 60 * 10) # 缓存10小时
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def get_category_tree(self):
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"""
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获取分类树结构 - 用于面包屑导航
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返回格式：[(分类名, URL), ...]
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"""
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tree = self.category.get_category_tree()
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names = list(map(lambda c: (c.name, c.get_absolute_url()), tree))
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return names
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def viewed(self):
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"""增加文章浏览量 - 使用update_fields优化性能"""
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self.views += 1
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self.save(update_fields=['views']) # 只更新views字段
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def comment_list(self):
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"""
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获取文章评论列表 - 带缓存功能
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缓存策略：缓存100分钟，减少数据库查询
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"""
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cache_key = 'article_comments_{id}'.format(id=self.id)
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value = cache.get(cache_key)
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if value:
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logger.info('get article comments:{id}'.format(id=self.id))
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return value
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else:
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# 获取已启用的评论，按ID倒序（新的在前）
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comments = self.comment_set.filter(is_enable=True).order_by('-id')
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cache.set(cache_key, comments, 60 * 100) # 缓存100分钟
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logger.info('set article comments:{id}'.format(id=self.id))
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return comments
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def get_admin_url(self):
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"""生成Django Admin后台编辑URL"""
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info = (self._meta.app_label, self._meta.model_name)
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return reverse('admin:%s_%s_change' % info, args=(self.pk,))
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@cache_decorator(expiration=60 * 100) # 缓存100分钟
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def next_article(self):
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"""
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获取下一篇已发布文章
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查询逻辑：ID大于当前文章的第一个已发布文章
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"""
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return Article.objects.filter(
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id__gt=self.id, status='p').order_by('id').first()
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@cache_decorator(expiration=60 * 100) # 缓存100分钟
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def prev_article(self):
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"""
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获取上一篇已发布文章
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查询逻辑：ID小于当前文章的最后一个已发布文章
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注意：这里用了first()但实际是获取ID最大的那个
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"""
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return Article.objects.filter(id__lt=self.id, status='p').first()
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def get_first_image_url(self):
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"""
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从Markdown内容中提取第一张图片URL
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用于文章列表的缩略图显示
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正则匹配：
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"""
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match = re.search(r'!\[.*?\]\((.+?)\)', self.body)
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if match:
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return match.group(1) # 返回第一个捕获组（图片URL）
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return "" # 没有图片返回空字符串
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class Category(BaseModel):
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"""
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文章分类模型 - 支持多级分类结构
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通过parent_category自关联实现无限级分类
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"""
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name = models.CharField(_('category name'), max_length=30, unique=True)
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parent_category = models.ForeignKey(
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'self', # 自关联
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verbose_name=_('parent category'),
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blank=True,
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null=True,
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on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 父分类删除时级联删除子分类
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slug = models.SlugField(default='no-slug', max_length=60, blank=True) # URL友好标识
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index = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=_('index')) # 分类显示顺序
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class Meta:
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ordering = ['-index'] # 按index倒序排列，数值越大越靠前
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verbose_name = _('category')
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
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def get_absolute_url(self):
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"""生成分类页面URL，使用slug作为URL参数"""
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return reverse(
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'blog:category_detail', kwargs={
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'category_name': self.slug})
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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@cache_decorator(60 * 60 * 10) # 缓存10小时
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def get_category_tree(self):
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"""
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递归获取分类的父级链 - 用于面包屑导航
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返回从当前分类到根分类的列表
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示例： [当前分类, 父分类, 祖父分类, ...]
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"""
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categorys = []
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def parse(category):
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"""递归解析分类层级"""
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categorys.append(category)
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if category.parent_category:
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parse(category.parent_category) # 递归调用
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parse(self) # 从当前分类开始
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return categorys
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@cache_decorator(60 * 60 * 10) # 缓存10小时
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def get_sub_categorys(self):
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"""
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递归获取当前分类的所有子分类 - 用于分类导航
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返回包含当前分类和所有子孙分类的列表
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"""
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categorys = []
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all_categorys = Category.objects.all() # 获取所有分类
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def parse(category):
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"""递归解析子分类"""
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if category not in categorys:
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categorys.append(category)
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# 查找直接子分类
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childs = all_categorys.filter(parent_category=category)
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for child in childs:
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if child not in categorys:
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categorys.append(child)
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parse(child) # 递归查找子分类的子分类
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parse(self) # 从当前分类开始
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return categorys
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class Tag(BaseModel):
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"""
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文章标签模型 - 简单的标签系统
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多对多关系，一篇文章可以有多个标签，一个标签可以对应多篇文章
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"""
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name = models.CharField(_('tag name'), max_length=30, unique=True)
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slug = models.SlugField(default='no-slug', max_length=60, blank=True)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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def get_absolute_url(self):
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"""生成标签页面URL"""
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return reverse('blog:tag_detail', kwargs={'tag_name': self.slug})
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@cache_decorator(60 * 60 * 10) # 缓存10小时
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def get_article_count(self):
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"""获取使用该标签的文章数量 - 带缓存"""
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return Article.objects.filter(tags__name=self.name).distinct().count()
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class Meta:
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ordering = ['name'] # 按标签名字母顺序排序
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verbose_name = _('tag')
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
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class Links(models.Model):
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"""
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友情链接模型 - 管理外部链接
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支持控制链接显示位置和顺序
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"""
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name = models.CharField(_('link name'), max_length=30, unique=True) # 链接名称
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link = models.URLField(_('link')) # 链接地址
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sequence = models.IntegerField(_('order'), unique=True) # 显示顺序，唯一约束
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is_enable = models.BooleanField(_('is show'), default=True) # 是否启用
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show_type = models.CharField(
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_('show type'),
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max_length=1,
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choices=LinkShowType.choices, # 使用前面定义的枚举
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default=LinkShowType.I) # 默认在首页显示
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creation_time = models.DateTimeField(_('creation time'), default=now)
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last_mod_time = models.DateTimeField(_('modify time'), default=now)
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class Meta:
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ordering = ['sequence'] # 按sequence顺序排列
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verbose_name = _('link')
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class SideBar(models.Model):
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"""
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侧边栏模型 - 管理侧边栏内容
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支持HTML内容，可以放置广告、公告等自定义内容
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"""
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name = models.CharField(_('title'), max_length=100) # 侧边栏标题
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content = models.TextField(_('content')) # HTML内容，可以包含脚本和样式
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sequence = models.IntegerField(_('order'), unique=True) # 显示顺序
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is_enable = models.BooleanField(_('is enable'), default=True) # 是否启用
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creation_time = models.DateTimeField(_('creation time'), default=now)
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last_mod_time = models.DateTimeField(_('modify time'), default=now)
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class Meta:
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ordering = ['sequence'] # 按sequence顺序排列
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verbose_name = _('sidebar')
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class BlogSettings(models.Model):
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"""
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博客全局配置模型 - 单例模式
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存储博客的所有可配置项，整个系统应该只有一个配置实例
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"""
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# 站点基本信息
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site_name = models.CharField(_('site name'), max_length=200, default='')
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site_description = models.TextField(_('site description'), max_length=1000, default='') # 站点描述
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site_seo_description = models.TextField(_('site seo description'), max_length=1000, default='') # SEO描述
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site_keywords = models.TextField(_('site keywords'), max_length=1000, default='') # 站点关键词
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# 内容显示设置
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article_sub_length = models.IntegerField(_('article sub length'), default=300) # 文章摘要长度
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sidebar_article_count = models.IntegerField(_('sidebar article count'), default=10) # 侧边栏文章数量
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sidebar_comment_count = models.IntegerField(_('sidebar comment count'), default=5) # 侧边栏评论数量
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article_comment_count = models.IntegerField(_('article comment count'), default=5) # 文章页评论数量
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# 广告设置
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show_google_adsense = models.BooleanField(_('show adsense'), default=False) # 是否显示Google广告
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google_adsense_codes = models.TextField(_('adsense code'), max_length=2000, default='') # 广告代码
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# 评论系统设置
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open_site_comment = models.BooleanField(_('open site comment'), default=True) # 是否开启全站评论
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comment_need_review = models.BooleanField('评论是否需要审核', default=False) # 评论是否需要审核
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# 自定义代码和备案信息
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global_header = models.TextField("公共头部", default='') # 全局头部HTML代码
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global_footer = models.TextField("公共尾部", default='') # 全局尾部HTML代码
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beian_code = models.CharField('备案号', max_length=2000, default='') # ICP备案号
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analytics_code = models.TextField("网站统计代码", max_length=1000, default='') # 网站统计代码（Google Analytics等）
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show_gongan_code = models.BooleanField('是否显示公安备案号', default=False) # 是否显示公安备案
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gongan_beiancode = models.TextField('公安备案号', max_length=2000, default='') # 公安备案号
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class Meta:
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verbose_name = _('Website configuration') # 在Admin中显示的名称
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
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def __str__(self):
|
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|
return self.site_name
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def clean(self):
|
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|
"""
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|
数据验证 - 确保配置模型的单例特性
|
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|
|
|
防止创建多个配置实例
|
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|
|
"""
|
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|
|
if BlogSettings.objects.exclude(id=self.id).count():
|
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|
|
raise ValidationError(_('There can only be one configuration'))
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|
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|
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
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|
|
"""
|
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|
|
重写save方法 - 保存配置时清空所有缓存
|
|
|
|
|
确保配置更改立即生效
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
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|
|
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
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|
|
from djangoblog.utils import cache
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|
|
cache.clear() # 清空整个缓存系统
|
