12. 设 $A, B$ 均为 $n$ 阶方阵,满足$\text{rank} \begin{bmatrix} A \\ B \end{bmatrix} = \text{rank}B,$ 且方程 $XA = B$ 有解。若 $\operatorname{rank} A = k$,则$\text{rank} \begin{bmatrix} B & O \\ A & E \end{bmatrix} =\underline{\hspace{3cm}}.$
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又方程 $XA = B$ 有解可知 $\text{rank} \begin{bmatrix} A \\ B \end{bmatrix} = \text{rank}B=\text{rank}A=k$,由初等变换不改变秩得
$\text{rank} \begin{bmatrix} B & O \\ A & E \end{bmatrix} =\text{rank} \begin{bmatrix} B & O \\ O & E \end{bmatrix}=n+k$