|
|
|
|
@ -663,9 +663,7 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
7.已知当$x \to 0$时,函数$f(x) = a + bx^2 - \cos x$与$x^2$是等价无穷小。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) 求参数$a, b$的值;(5分)
|
|
|
|
|
(2) 计算极限$$
|
|
|
|
|
\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{f(x) - x^2}{x^4}
|
|
|
|
|
$$的值。(5分)
|
|
|
|
|
(2) 计算极限$$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{f(x) - x^2}{x^4}$$的值。(5分)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**解答**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -716,27 +714,17 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
**证明**
|
|
|
|
|
(1)令$F(x)=f(x)-1+x$,则$F(x)$在$[0,1]$上连续,且$F(0)=-1<0$,$F(1)=1>0$。由介值定理知,存在$x_0 \in (0,1)$使$F(x_0)=0$,即$f(x_0)=1-x_0$。
|
|
|
|
|
在$[0,x_0]$和$[x_0,1]$上分别应用拉格朗日中值定理,存在$\xi \in (0,x_0)$,$\eta \in (x_0,1)$,使得
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
f'(\xi)=\frac{f(x_0)-f(0)}{x_0-0},\quad f'(\eta)=\frac{f(1)-f(x_0)}{1-x_0}.
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
$$f'(\xi)=\frac{f(x_0)-f(0)}{x_0-0},\quad f'(\eta)=\frac{f(1)-f(x_0)}{1-x_0}.$$
|
|
|
|
|
于是
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
f'(\xi)f'(\eta)=\frac{f(x_0)}{x_0} \cdot \frac{1-f(x_0)}{1-x_0} = \frac{1-x_0}{x_0} \cdot \frac{x_0}{1-x_0} = 1.
|
|
|
|
|
$$ (2)
|
|
|
|
|
$$f'(\xi)f'(\eta)=\frac{f(x_0)}{x_0} \cdot \frac{1-f(x_0)}{1-x_0} = \frac{1-x_0}{x_0} \cdot \frac{x_0}{1-x_0} = 1.$$ (2)
|
|
|
|
|
给定正数$a, b$,令$c = \frac{a}{a+b}$,则$0<c<1$。由于$f(x)$在$[0,1]$上连续,且$f(0)=0$, $f(1)=1$,由介值定理,存在$x_1 \in (0,1)$使得$f(x_1) = c = \frac{a}{a+b}$。
|
|
|
|
|
在区间$[0, x_1]$和$[x_1, 1]$上分别应用拉格朗日中值定理,存在$\xi \in (0, x_1)$, $\eta \in (x_1, 1)$,使得
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
f'(\xi) = \frac{f(x_1) - f(0)}{x_1 - 0} = \frac{f(x_1)}{x_1}, \quad
|
|
|
|
|
f'(\eta) = \frac{f(1) - f(x_1)}{1 - x_1} = \frac{1 - f(x_1)}{1 - x_1}.
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
$$f'(\xi) = \frac{f(x_1) - f(0)}{x_1 - 0} = \frac{f(x_1)}{x_1}, \quad
|
|
|
|
|
f'(\eta) = \frac{f(1) - f(x_1)}{1 - x_1} = \frac{1 - f(x_1)}{1 - x_1}.$$
|
|
|
|
|
于是
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
\frac{a}{f'(\xi)} + \frac{b}{f'(\eta)} = a \cdot \frac{x_1}{f(x_1)} + b \cdot \frac{1 - x_1}{1 - f(x_1)}.
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
$$\frac{a}{f'(\xi)} + \frac{b}{f'(\eta)} = a \cdot \frac{x_1}{f(x_1)} + b \cdot \frac{1 - x_1}{1 - f(x_1)}.$$
|
|
|
|
|
代入$f(x_1) = \frac{a}{a+b}$, $1 - f(x_1) = \frac{b}{a+b}$,得
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
\frac{a}{f'(\xi)} + \frac{b}{f'(\eta)} = a \cdot \frac{x_1}{a/(a+b)} + b \cdot \frac{1 - x_1}{b/(a+b)} = (a+b)x_1 + (a+b)(1 - x_1) = a+b.
|
|
|
|
|
$$
|
|
|
|
|
$$\frac{a}{f'(\xi)} + \frac{b}{f'(\eta)} = a \cdot \frac{x_1}{a/(a+b)} + b \cdot \frac{1 - x_1}{b/(a+b)} = (a+b)x_1 + (a+b)(1 - x_1) = a+b.$$
|
|
|
|
|
故命题得证。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|