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keshe/.venv/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/series.py

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"""
Data structure for 1-dimensional cross-sectional and time series data
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from collections.abc import (
Hashable,
Iterable,
Mapping,
Sequence,
)
import operator
import sys
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import (
IO,
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
Callable,
Literal,
cast,
overload,
)
import warnings
import weakref
import numpy as np
from pandas._config import (
using_copy_on_write,
warn_copy_on_write,
)
from pandas._config.config import _get_option
from pandas._libs import (
lib,
properties,
reshape,
)
from pandas._libs.lib import is_range_indexer
from pandas.compat import PYPY
from pandas.compat._constants import REF_COUNT
from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
from pandas.compat.numpy import function as nv
from pandas.errors import (
ChainedAssignmentError,
InvalidIndexError,
_chained_assignment_method_msg,
_chained_assignment_msg,
_chained_assignment_warning_method_msg,
_chained_assignment_warning_msg,
_check_cacher,
)
from pandas.util._decorators import (
Appender,
Substitution,
deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments,
doc,
)
from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
from pandas.util._validators import (
validate_ascending,
validate_bool_kwarg,
validate_percentile,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.astype import astype_is_view
from pandas.core.dtypes.cast import (
LossySetitemError,
construct_1d_arraylike_from_scalar,
find_common_type,
infer_dtype_from,
maybe_box_native,
maybe_cast_pointwise_result,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
is_dict_like,
is_integer,
is_iterator,
is_list_like,
is_object_dtype,
is_scalar,
pandas_dtype,
validate_all_hashable,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import (
CategoricalDtype,
ExtensionDtype,
SparseDtype,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import (
ABCDataFrame,
ABCSeries,
)
from pandas.core.dtypes.inference import is_hashable
from pandas.core.dtypes.missing import (
isna,
na_value_for_dtype,
notna,
remove_na_arraylike,
)
from pandas.core import (
algorithms,
base,
common as com,
missing,
nanops,
ops,
roperator,
)
from pandas.core.accessor import CachedAccessor
from pandas.core.apply import SeriesApply
from pandas.core.arrays import ExtensionArray
from pandas.core.arrays.arrow import (
ListAccessor,
StructAccessor,
)
from pandas.core.arrays.categorical import CategoricalAccessor
from pandas.core.arrays.sparse import SparseAccessor
from pandas.core.arrays.string_ import StringDtype
from pandas.core.construction import (
array as pd_array,
extract_array,
sanitize_array,
)
from pandas.core.generic import (
NDFrame,
make_doc,
)
from pandas.core.indexers import (
disallow_ndim_indexing,
unpack_1tuple,
)
from pandas.core.indexes.accessors import CombinedDatetimelikeProperties
from pandas.core.indexes.api import (
DatetimeIndex,
Index,
MultiIndex,
PeriodIndex,
default_index,
ensure_index,
)
import pandas.core.indexes.base as ibase
from pandas.core.indexes.multi import maybe_droplevels
from pandas.core.indexing import (
check_bool_indexer,
check_dict_or_set_indexers,
)
from pandas.core.internals import (
SingleArrayManager,
SingleBlockManager,
)
from pandas.core.methods import selectn
from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
from pandas.core.sorting import (
ensure_key_mapped,
nargsort,
)
from pandas.core.strings.accessor import StringMethods
from pandas.core.tools.datetimes import to_datetime
import pandas.io.formats.format as fmt
from pandas.io.formats.info import (
INFO_DOCSTRING,
SeriesInfo,
series_sub_kwargs,
)
import pandas.plotting
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from pandas._libs.internals import BlockValuesRefs
from pandas._typing import (
AggFuncType,
AnyAll,
AnyArrayLike,
ArrayLike,
Axis,
AxisInt,
CorrelationMethod,
DropKeep,
Dtype,
DtypeObj,
FilePath,
Frequency,
IgnoreRaise,
IndexKeyFunc,
IndexLabel,
Level,
MutableMappingT,
NaPosition,
NumpySorter,
NumpyValueArrayLike,
QuantileInterpolation,
ReindexMethod,
Renamer,
Scalar,
Self,
SingleManager,
SortKind,
StorageOptions,
Suffixes,
ValueKeyFunc,
WriteBuffer,
npt,
)
from pandas.core.frame import DataFrame
from pandas.core.groupby.generic import SeriesGroupBy
__all__ = ["Series"]
_shared_doc_kwargs = {
"axes": "index",
"klass": "Series",
"axes_single_arg": "{0 or 'index'}",
"axis": """axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.""",
"inplace": """inplace : bool, default False
If True, performs operation inplace and returns None.""",
"unique": "np.ndarray",
"duplicated": "Series",
"optional_by": "",
"optional_reindex": """
index : array-like, optional
New labels for the index. Preferably an Index object to avoid
duplicating data.
axis : int or str, optional
Unused.""",
}
def _coerce_method(converter):
"""
Install the scalar coercion methods.
"""
def wrapper(self):
if len(self) == 1:
warnings.warn(
f"Calling {converter.__name__} on a single element Series is "
"deprecated and will raise a TypeError in the future. "
f"Use {converter.__name__}(ser.iloc[0]) instead",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
return converter(self.iloc[0])
raise TypeError(f"cannot convert the series to {converter}")
wrapper.__name__ = f"__{converter.__name__}__"
return wrapper
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Series class
# error: Cannot override final attribute "ndim" (previously declared in base
# class "NDFrame")
# error: Cannot override final attribute "size" (previously declared in base
# class "NDFrame")
# definition in base class "NDFrame"
class Series(base.IndexOpsMixin, NDFrame): # type: ignore[misc]
"""
One-dimensional ndarray with axis labels (including time series).
Labels need not be unique but must be a hashable type. The object
supports both integer- and label-based indexing and provides a host of
methods for performing operations involving the index. Statistical
methods from ndarray have been overridden to automatically exclude
missing data (currently represented as NaN).
Operations between Series (+, -, /, \\*, \\*\\*) align values based on their
associated index values-- they need not be the same length. The result
index will be the sorted union of the two indexes.
Parameters
----------
data : array-like, Iterable, dict, or scalar value
Contains data stored in Series. If data is a dict, argument order is
maintained.
index : array-like or Index (1d)
Values must be hashable and have the same length as `data`.
Non-unique index values are allowed. Will default to
RangeIndex (0, 1, 2, ..., n) if not provided. If data is dict-like
and index is None, then the keys in the data are used as the index. If the
index is not None, the resulting Series is reindexed with the index values.
dtype : str, numpy.dtype, or ExtensionDtype, optional
Data type for the output Series. If not specified, this will be
inferred from `data`.
See the :ref:`user guide <basics.dtypes>` for more usages.
name : Hashable, default None
The name to give to the Series.
copy : bool, default False
Copy input data. Only affects Series or 1d ndarray input. See examples.
Notes
-----
Please reference the :ref:`User Guide <basics.series>` for more information.
Examples
--------
Constructing Series from a dictionary with an Index specified
>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
>>> ser = pd.Series(data=d, index=['a', 'b', 'c'])
>>> ser
a 1
b 2
c 3
dtype: int64
The keys of the dictionary match with the Index values, hence the Index
values have no effect.
>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
>>> ser = pd.Series(data=d, index=['x', 'y', 'z'])
>>> ser
x NaN
y NaN
z NaN
dtype: float64
Note that the Index is first build with the keys from the dictionary.
After this the Series is reindexed with the given Index values, hence we
get all NaN as a result.
Constructing Series from a list with `copy=False`.
>>> r = [1, 2]
>>> ser = pd.Series(r, copy=False)
>>> ser.iloc[0] = 999
>>> r
[1, 2]
>>> ser
0 999
1 2
dtype: int64
Due to input data type the Series has a `copy` of
the original data even though `copy=False`, so
the data is unchanged.
Constructing Series from a 1d ndarray with `copy=False`.
>>> r = np.array([1, 2])
>>> ser = pd.Series(r, copy=False)
>>> ser.iloc[0] = 999
>>> r
array([999, 2])
>>> ser
0 999
1 2
dtype: int64
Due to input data type the Series has a `view` on
the original data, so
the data is changed as well.
"""
_typ = "series"
_HANDLED_TYPES = (Index, ExtensionArray, np.ndarray)
_name: Hashable
_metadata: list[str] = ["_name"]
_internal_names_set = {"index", "name"} | NDFrame._internal_names_set
_accessors = {"dt", "cat", "str", "sparse"}
_hidden_attrs = (
base.IndexOpsMixin._hidden_attrs | NDFrame._hidden_attrs | frozenset([])
)
# similar to __array_priority__, positions Series after DataFrame
# but before Index and ExtensionArray. Should NOT be overridden by subclasses.
__pandas_priority__ = 3000
# Override cache_readonly bc Series is mutable
# error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "property",
# base class "IndexOpsMixin" defined the type as "Callable[[IndexOpsMixin], bool]")
hasnans = property( # type: ignore[assignment]
# error: "Callable[[IndexOpsMixin], bool]" has no attribute "fget"
base.IndexOpsMixin.hasnans.fget, # type: ignore[attr-defined]
doc=base.IndexOpsMixin.hasnans.__doc__,
)
_mgr: SingleManager
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Constructors
def __init__(
self,
data=None,
index=None,
dtype: Dtype | None = None,
name=None,
copy: bool | None = None,
fastpath: bool | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
) -> None:
if fastpath is not lib.no_default:
warnings.warn(
"The 'fastpath' keyword in pd.Series is deprecated and will "
"be removed in a future version.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
else:
fastpath = False
allow_mgr = False
if (
isinstance(data, (SingleBlockManager, SingleArrayManager))
and index is None
and dtype is None
and (copy is False or copy is None)
):
if not allow_mgr:
# GH#52419
warnings.warn(
f"Passing a {type(data).__name__} to {type(self).__name__} "
"is deprecated and will raise in a future version. "
"Use public APIs instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
if using_copy_on_write():
data = data.copy(deep=False)
# GH#33357 called with just the SingleBlockManager
NDFrame.__init__(self, data)
if fastpath:
# e.g. from _box_col_values, skip validation of name
object.__setattr__(self, "_name", name)
else:
self.name = name
return
is_pandas_object = isinstance(data, (Series, Index, ExtensionArray))
data_dtype = getattr(data, "dtype", None)
original_dtype = dtype
if isinstance(data, (ExtensionArray, np.ndarray)):
if copy is not False and using_copy_on_write():
if dtype is None or astype_is_view(data.dtype, pandas_dtype(dtype)):
data = data.copy()
if copy is None:
copy = False
# we are called internally, so short-circuit
if fastpath:
# data is a ndarray, index is defined
if not isinstance(data, (SingleBlockManager, SingleArrayManager)):
manager = _get_option("mode.data_manager", silent=True)
if manager == "block":
data = SingleBlockManager.from_array(data, index)
elif manager == "array":
data = SingleArrayManager.from_array(data, index)
allow_mgr = True
elif using_copy_on_write() and not copy:
data = data.copy(deep=False)
if not allow_mgr:
warnings.warn(
f"Passing a {type(data).__name__} to {type(self).__name__} "
"is deprecated and will raise in a future version. "
"Use public APIs instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
if copy:
data = data.copy()
# skips validation of the name
object.__setattr__(self, "_name", name)
NDFrame.__init__(self, data)
return
if isinstance(data, SingleBlockManager) and using_copy_on_write() and not copy:
data = data.copy(deep=False)
if not allow_mgr:
warnings.warn(
f"Passing a {type(data).__name__} to {type(self).__name__} "
"is deprecated and will raise in a future version. "
"Use public APIs instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
name = ibase.maybe_extract_name(name, data, type(self))
if index is not None:
index = ensure_index(index)
if dtype is not None:
dtype = self._validate_dtype(dtype)
if data is None:
index = index if index is not None else default_index(0)
if len(index) or dtype is not None:
data = na_value_for_dtype(pandas_dtype(dtype), compat=False)
else:
data = []
if isinstance(data, MultiIndex):
raise NotImplementedError(
"initializing a Series from a MultiIndex is not supported"
)
refs = None
if isinstance(data, Index):
if dtype is not None:
data = data.astype(dtype, copy=False)
if using_copy_on_write():
refs = data._references
data = data._values
else:
# GH#24096 we need to ensure the index remains immutable
data = data._values.copy()
copy = False
elif isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
if len(data.dtype):
# GH#13296 we are dealing with a compound dtype, which
# should be treated as 2D
raise ValueError(
"Cannot construct a Series from an ndarray with "
"compound dtype. Use DataFrame instead."
)
elif isinstance(data, Series):
if index is None:
index = data.index
data = data._mgr.copy(deep=False)
else:
data = data.reindex(index, copy=copy)
copy = False
data = data._mgr
elif is_dict_like(data):
data, index = self._init_dict(data, index, dtype)
dtype = None
copy = False
elif isinstance(data, (SingleBlockManager, SingleArrayManager)):
if index is None:
index = data.index
elif not data.index.equals(index) or copy:
# GH#19275 SingleBlockManager input should only be called
# internally
raise AssertionError(
"Cannot pass both SingleBlockManager "
"`data` argument and a different "
"`index` argument. `copy` must be False."
)
if not allow_mgr:
warnings.warn(
f"Passing a {type(data).__name__} to {type(self).__name__} "
"is deprecated and will raise in a future version. "
"Use public APIs instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
allow_mgr = True
elif isinstance(data, ExtensionArray):
pass
else:
data = com.maybe_iterable_to_list(data)
if is_list_like(data) and not len(data) and dtype is None:
# GH 29405: Pre-2.0, this defaulted to float.
dtype = np.dtype(object)
if index is None:
if not is_list_like(data):
data = [data]
index = default_index(len(data))
elif is_list_like(data):
com.require_length_match(data, index)
# create/copy the manager
if isinstance(data, (SingleBlockManager, SingleArrayManager)):
if dtype is not None:
data = data.astype(dtype=dtype, errors="ignore", copy=copy)
elif copy:
data = data.copy()
else:
data = sanitize_array(data, index, dtype, copy)
manager = _get_option("mode.data_manager", silent=True)
if manager == "block":
data = SingleBlockManager.from_array(data, index, refs=refs)
elif manager == "array":
data = SingleArrayManager.from_array(data, index)
NDFrame.__init__(self, data)
self.name = name
self._set_axis(0, index)
if original_dtype is None and is_pandas_object and data_dtype == np.object_:
if self.dtype != data_dtype:
warnings.warn(
"Dtype inference on a pandas object "
"(Series, Index, ExtensionArray) is deprecated. The Series "
"constructor will keep the original dtype in the future. "
"Call `infer_objects` on the result to get the old behavior.",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
def _init_dict(
self, data, index: Index | None = None, dtype: DtypeObj | None = None
):
"""
Derive the "_mgr" and "index" attributes of a new Series from a
dictionary input.
Parameters
----------
data : dict or dict-like
Data used to populate the new Series.
index : Index or None, default None
Index for the new Series: if None, use dict keys.
dtype : np.dtype, ExtensionDtype, or None, default None
The dtype for the new Series: if None, infer from data.
Returns
-------
_data : BlockManager for the new Series
index : index for the new Series
"""
keys: Index | tuple
# Looking for NaN in dict doesn't work ({np.nan : 1}[float('nan')]
# raises KeyError), so we iterate the entire dict, and align
if data:
# GH:34717, issue was using zip to extract key and values from data.
# using generators in effects the performance.
# Below is the new way of extracting the keys and values
keys = tuple(data.keys())
values = list(data.values()) # Generating list of values- faster way
elif index is not None:
# fastpath for Series(data=None). Just use broadcasting a scalar
# instead of reindexing.
if len(index) or dtype is not None:
values = na_value_for_dtype(pandas_dtype(dtype), compat=False)
else:
values = []
keys = index
else:
keys, values = default_index(0), []
# Input is now list-like, so rely on "standard" construction:
s = Series(values, index=keys, dtype=dtype)
# Now we just make sure the order is respected, if any
if data and index is not None:
s = s.reindex(index, copy=False)
return s._mgr, s.index
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@property
def _constructor(self) -> Callable[..., Series]:
return Series
def _constructor_from_mgr(self, mgr, axes):
if self._constructor is Series:
# we are pandas.Series (or a subclass that doesn't override _constructor)
ser = Series._from_mgr(mgr, axes=axes)
ser._name = None # caller is responsible for setting real name
return ser
else:
assert axes is mgr.axes
return self._constructor(mgr)
@property
def _constructor_expanddim(self) -> Callable[..., DataFrame]:
"""
Used when a manipulation result has one higher dimension as the
original, such as Series.to_frame()
"""
from pandas.core.frame import DataFrame
return DataFrame
def _expanddim_from_mgr(self, mgr, axes) -> DataFrame:
from pandas.core.frame import DataFrame
return DataFrame._from_mgr(mgr, axes=mgr.axes)
def _constructor_expanddim_from_mgr(self, mgr, axes):
from pandas.core.frame import DataFrame
if self._constructor_expanddim is DataFrame:
return self._expanddim_from_mgr(mgr, axes)
assert axes is mgr.axes
return self._constructor_expanddim(mgr)
# types
@property
def _can_hold_na(self) -> bool:
return self._mgr._can_hold_na
# ndarray compatibility
@property
def dtype(self) -> DtypeObj:
"""
Return the dtype object of the underlying data.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.dtype
dtype('int64')
"""
return self._mgr.dtype
@property
def dtypes(self) -> DtypeObj:
"""
Return the dtype object of the underlying data.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.dtypes
dtype('int64')
"""
# DataFrame compatibility
return self.dtype
@property
def name(self) -> Hashable:
"""
Return the name of the Series.
The name of a Series becomes its index or column name if it is used
to form a DataFrame. It is also used whenever displaying the Series
using the interpreter.
Returns
-------
label (hashable object)
The name of the Series, also the column name if part of a DataFrame.
See Also
--------
Series.rename : Sets the Series name when given a scalar input.
Index.name : Corresponding Index property.
Examples
--------
The Series name can be set initially when calling the constructor.
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.int64, name='Numbers')
>>> s
0 1
1 2
2 3
Name: Numbers, dtype: int64
>>> s.name = "Integers"
>>> s
0 1
1 2
2 3
Name: Integers, dtype: int64
The name of a Series within a DataFrame is its column name.
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]],
... columns=["Odd Numbers", "Even Numbers"])
>>> df
Odd Numbers Even Numbers
0 1 2
1 3 4
2 5 6
>>> df["Even Numbers"].name
'Even Numbers'
"""
return self._name
@name.setter
def name(self, value: Hashable) -> None:
validate_all_hashable(value, error_name=f"{type(self).__name__}.name")
object.__setattr__(self, "_name", value)
@property
def values(self):
"""
Return Series as ndarray or ndarray-like depending on the dtype.
.. warning::
We recommend using :attr:`Series.array` or
:meth:`Series.to_numpy`, depending on whether you need
a reference to the underlying data or a NumPy array.
Returns
-------
numpy.ndarray or ndarray-like
See Also
--------
Series.array : Reference to the underlying data.
Series.to_numpy : A NumPy array representing the underlying data.
Examples
--------
>>> pd.Series([1, 2, 3]).values
array([1, 2, 3])
>>> pd.Series(list('aabc')).values
array(['a', 'a', 'b', 'c'], dtype=object)
>>> pd.Series(list('aabc')).astype('category').values
['a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
Timezone aware datetime data is converted to UTC:
>>> pd.Series(pd.date_range('20130101', periods=3,
... tz='US/Eastern')).values
array(['2013-01-01T05:00:00.000000000',
'2013-01-02T05:00:00.000000000',
'2013-01-03T05:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
"""
return self._mgr.external_values()
@property
def _values(self):
"""
Return the internal repr of this data (defined by Block.interval_values).
This are the values as stored in the Block (ndarray or ExtensionArray
depending on the Block class), with datetime64[ns] and timedelta64[ns]
wrapped in ExtensionArrays to match Index._values behavior.
Differs from the public ``.values`` for certain data types, because of
historical backwards compatibility of the public attribute (e.g. period
returns object ndarray and datetimetz a datetime64[ns] ndarray for
``.values`` while it returns an ExtensionArray for ``._values`` in those
cases).
Differs from ``.array`` in that this still returns the numpy array if
the Block is backed by a numpy array (except for datetime64 and
timedelta64 dtypes), while ``.array`` ensures to always return an
ExtensionArray.
Overview:
dtype | values | _values | array |
----------- | ------------- | ------------- | --------------------- |
Numeric | ndarray | ndarray | NumpyExtensionArray |
Category | Categorical | Categorical | Categorical |
dt64[ns] | ndarray[M8ns] | DatetimeArray | DatetimeArray |
dt64[ns tz] | ndarray[M8ns] | DatetimeArray | DatetimeArray |
td64[ns] | ndarray[m8ns] | TimedeltaArray| TimedeltaArray |
Period | ndarray[obj] | PeriodArray | PeriodArray |
Nullable | EA | EA | EA |
"""
return self._mgr.internal_values()
@property
def _references(self) -> BlockValuesRefs | None:
if isinstance(self._mgr, SingleArrayManager):
return None
return self._mgr._block.refs
# error: Decorated property not supported
@Appender(base.IndexOpsMixin.array.__doc__) # type: ignore[misc]
@property
def array(self) -> ExtensionArray:
return self._mgr.array_values()
# ops
def ravel(self, order: str = "C") -> ArrayLike:
"""
Return the flattened underlying data as an ndarray or ExtensionArray.
.. deprecated:: 2.2.0
Series.ravel is deprecated. The underlying array is already 1D, so
ravel is not necessary. Use :meth:`to_numpy` for conversion to a numpy
array instead.
Returns
-------
numpy.ndarray or ExtensionArray
Flattened data of the Series.
See Also
--------
numpy.ndarray.ravel : Return a flattened array.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.ravel() # doctest: +SKIP
array([1, 2, 3])
"""
warnings.warn(
"Series.ravel is deprecated. The underlying array is already 1D, so "
"ravel is not necessary. Use `to_numpy()` for conversion to a numpy "
"array instead.",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
arr = self._values.ravel(order=order)
if isinstance(arr, np.ndarray) and using_copy_on_write():
arr.flags.writeable = False
return arr
def __len__(self) -> int:
"""
Return the length of the Series.
"""
return len(self._mgr)
def view(self, dtype: Dtype | None = None) -> Series:
"""
Create a new view of the Series.
.. deprecated:: 2.2.0
``Series.view`` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Use :meth:`Series.astype` as an alternative to change the dtype.
This function will return a new Series with a view of the same
underlying values in memory, optionally reinterpreted with a new data
type. The new data type must preserve the same size in bytes as to not
cause index misalignment.
Parameters
----------
dtype : data type
Data type object or one of their string representations.
Returns
-------
Series
A new Series object as a view of the same data in memory.
See Also
--------
numpy.ndarray.view : Equivalent numpy function to create a new view of
the same data in memory.
Notes
-----
Series are instantiated with ``dtype=float64`` by default. While
``numpy.ndarray.view()`` will return a view with the same data type as
the original array, ``Series.view()`` (without specified dtype)
will try using ``float64`` and may fail if the original data type size
in bytes is not the same.
Examples
--------
Use ``astype`` to change the dtype instead.
"""
warnings.warn(
"Series.view is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
"Use ``astype`` as an alternative to change the dtype.",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
# self.array instead of self._values so we piggyback on NumpyExtensionArray
# implementation
res_values = self.array.view(dtype)
res_ser = self._constructor(res_values, index=self.index, copy=False)
if isinstance(res_ser._mgr, SingleBlockManager):
blk = res_ser._mgr._block
blk.refs = cast("BlockValuesRefs", self._references)
blk.refs.add_reference(blk)
return res_ser.__finalize__(self, method="view")
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NDArray Compat
def __array__(self, dtype: npt.DTypeLike | None = None) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Return the values as a NumPy array.
Users should not call this directly. Rather, it is invoked by
:func:`numpy.array` and :func:`numpy.asarray`.
Parameters
----------
dtype : str or numpy.dtype, optional
The dtype to use for the resulting NumPy array. By default,
the dtype is inferred from the data.
Returns
-------
numpy.ndarray
The values in the series converted to a :class:`numpy.ndarray`
with the specified `dtype`.
See Also
--------
array : Create a new array from data.
Series.array : Zero-copy view to the array backing the Series.
Series.to_numpy : Series method for similar behavior.
Examples
--------
>>> ser = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> np.asarray(ser)
array([1, 2, 3])
For timezone-aware data, the timezones may be retained with
``dtype='object'``
>>> tzser = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2000', periods=2, tz="CET"))
>>> np.asarray(tzser, dtype="object")
array([Timestamp('2000-01-01 00:00:00+0100', tz='CET'),
Timestamp('2000-01-02 00:00:00+0100', tz='CET')],
dtype=object)
Or the values may be localized to UTC and the tzinfo discarded with
``dtype='datetime64[ns]'``
>>> np.asarray(tzser, dtype="datetime64[ns]") # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
array(['1999-12-31T23:00:00.000000000', ...],
dtype='datetime64[ns]')
"""
values = self._values
arr = np.asarray(values, dtype=dtype)
if using_copy_on_write() and astype_is_view(values.dtype, arr.dtype):
arr = arr.view()
arr.flags.writeable = False
return arr
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __column_consortium_standard__(self, *, api_version: str | None = None) -> Any:
"""
Provide entry point to the Consortium DataFrame Standard API.
This is developed and maintained outside of pandas.
Please report any issues to https://github.com/data-apis/dataframe-api-compat.
"""
dataframe_api_compat = import_optional_dependency("dataframe_api_compat")
return (
dataframe_api_compat.pandas_standard.convert_to_standard_compliant_column(
self, api_version=api_version
)
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Unary Methods
# coercion
__float__ = _coerce_method(float)
__int__ = _coerce_method(int)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# indexers
@property
def axes(self) -> list[Index]:
"""
Return a list of the row axis labels.
"""
return [self.index]
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Indexing Methods
def _ixs(self, i: int, axis: AxisInt = 0) -> Any:
"""
Return the i-th value or values in the Series by location.
Parameters
----------
i : int
Returns
-------
scalar
"""
return self._values[i]
def _slice(self, slobj: slice, axis: AxisInt = 0) -> Series:
# axis kwarg is retained for compat with NDFrame method
# _slice is *always* positional
mgr = self._mgr.get_slice(slobj, axis=axis)
out = self._constructor_from_mgr(mgr, axes=mgr.axes)
out._name = self._name
return out.__finalize__(self)
def __getitem__(self, key):
check_dict_or_set_indexers(key)
key = com.apply_if_callable(key, self)
if key is Ellipsis:
if using_copy_on_write() or warn_copy_on_write():
return self.copy(deep=False)
return self
key_is_scalar = is_scalar(key)
if isinstance(key, (list, tuple)):
key = unpack_1tuple(key)
if is_integer(key) and self.index._should_fallback_to_positional:
warnings.warn(
# GH#50617
"Series.__getitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. "
"In a future version, integer keys will always be treated "
"as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To access "
"a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos]`",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
return self._values[key]
elif key_is_scalar:
return self._get_value(key)
# Convert generator to list before going through hashable part
# (We will iterate through the generator there to check for slices)
if is_iterator(key):
key = list(key)
if is_hashable(key) and not isinstance(key, slice):
# Otherwise index.get_value will raise InvalidIndexError
try:
# For labels that don't resolve as scalars like tuples and frozensets
result = self._get_value(key)
return result
except (KeyError, TypeError, InvalidIndexError):
# InvalidIndexError for e.g. generator
# see test_series_getitem_corner_generator
if isinstance(key, tuple) and isinstance(self.index, MultiIndex):
# We still have the corner case where a tuple is a key
# in the first level of our MultiIndex
return self._get_values_tuple(key)
if isinstance(key, slice):
# Do slice check before somewhat-costly is_bool_indexer
return self._getitem_slice(key)
if com.is_bool_indexer(key):
key = check_bool_indexer(self.index, key)
key = np.asarray(key, dtype=bool)
return self._get_rows_with_mask(key)
return self._get_with(key)
def _get_with(self, key):
# other: fancy integer or otherwise
if isinstance(key, ABCDataFrame):
raise TypeError(
"Indexing a Series with DataFrame is not "
"supported, use the appropriate DataFrame column"
)
elif isinstance(key, tuple):
return self._get_values_tuple(key)
elif not is_list_like(key):
# e.g. scalars that aren't recognized by lib.is_scalar, GH#32684
return self.loc[key]
if not isinstance(key, (list, np.ndarray, ExtensionArray, Series, Index)):
key = list(key)
key_type = lib.infer_dtype(key, skipna=False)
# Note: The key_type == "boolean" case should be caught by the
# com.is_bool_indexer check in __getitem__
if key_type == "integer":
# We need to decide whether to treat this as a positional indexer
# (i.e. self.iloc) or label-based (i.e. self.loc)
if not self.index._should_fallback_to_positional:
return self.loc[key]
else:
warnings.warn(
# GH#50617
"Series.__getitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. "
"In a future version, integer keys will always be treated "
"as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To access "
"a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos]`",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
return self.iloc[key]
# handle the dup indexing case GH#4246
return self.loc[key]
def _get_values_tuple(self, key: tuple):
# mpl hackaround
if com.any_none(*key):
# mpl compat if we look up e.g. ser[:, np.newaxis];
# see tests.series.timeseries.test_mpl_compat_hack
# the asarray is needed to avoid returning a 2D DatetimeArray
result = np.asarray(self._values[key])
disallow_ndim_indexing(result)
return result
if not isinstance(self.index, MultiIndex):
raise KeyError("key of type tuple not found and not a MultiIndex")
# If key is contained, would have returned by now
indexer, new_index = self.index.get_loc_level(key)
new_ser = self._constructor(self._values[indexer], index=new_index, copy=False)
if isinstance(indexer, slice):
new_ser._mgr.add_references(self._mgr) # type: ignore[arg-type]
return new_ser.__finalize__(self)
def _get_rows_with_mask(self, indexer: npt.NDArray[np.bool_]) -> Series:
new_mgr = self._mgr.get_rows_with_mask(indexer)
return self._constructor_from_mgr(new_mgr, axes=new_mgr.axes).__finalize__(self)
def _get_value(self, label, takeable: bool = False):
"""
Quickly retrieve single value at passed index label.
Parameters
----------
label : object
takeable : interpret the index as indexers, default False
Returns
-------
scalar value
"""
if takeable:
return self._values[label]
# Similar to Index.get_value, but we do not fall back to positional
loc = self.index.get_loc(label)
if is_integer(loc):
return self._values[loc]
if isinstance(self.index, MultiIndex):
mi = self.index
new_values = self._values[loc]
if len(new_values) == 1 and mi.nlevels == 1:
# If more than one level left, we can not return a scalar
return new_values[0]
new_index = mi[loc]
new_index = maybe_droplevels(new_index, label)
new_ser = self._constructor(
new_values, index=new_index, name=self.name, copy=False
)
if isinstance(loc, slice):
new_ser._mgr.add_references(self._mgr) # type: ignore[arg-type]
return new_ser.__finalize__(self)
else:
return self.iloc[loc]
def __setitem__(self, key, value) -> None:
warn = True
if not PYPY and using_copy_on_write():
if sys.getrefcount(self) <= 3:
warnings.warn(
_chained_assignment_msg, ChainedAssignmentError, stacklevel=2
)
elif not PYPY and not using_copy_on_write():
ctr = sys.getrefcount(self)
ref_count = 3
if not warn_copy_on_write() and _check_cacher(self):
# see https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/56060#discussion_r1399245221
ref_count += 1
if ctr <= ref_count and (
warn_copy_on_write()
or (
not warn_copy_on_write()
and self._mgr.blocks[0].refs.has_reference() # type: ignore[union-attr]
)
):
warn = False
warnings.warn(
_chained_assignment_warning_msg, FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
)
check_dict_or_set_indexers(key)
key = com.apply_if_callable(key, self)
cacher_needs_updating = self._check_is_chained_assignment_possible()
if key is Ellipsis:
key = slice(None)
if isinstance(key, slice):
indexer = self.index._convert_slice_indexer(key, kind="getitem")
return self._set_values(indexer, value, warn=warn)
try:
self._set_with_engine(key, value, warn=warn)
except KeyError:
# We have a scalar (or for MultiIndex or object-dtype, scalar-like)
# key that is not present in self.index.
if is_integer(key):
if not self.index._should_fallback_to_positional:
# GH#33469
self.loc[key] = value
else:
# positional setter
# can't use _mgr.setitem_inplace yet bc could have *both*
# KeyError and then ValueError, xref GH#45070
warnings.warn(
# GH#50617
"Series.__setitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. "
"In a future version, integer keys will always be treated "
"as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To set "
"a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos] = value`",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
self._set_values(key, value)
else:
# GH#12862 adding a new key to the Series
self.loc[key] = value
except (TypeError, ValueError, LossySetitemError):
# The key was OK, but we cannot set the value losslessly
indexer = self.index.get_loc(key)
self._set_values(indexer, value)
except InvalidIndexError as err:
if isinstance(key, tuple) and not isinstance(self.index, MultiIndex):
# cases with MultiIndex don't get here bc they raise KeyError
# e.g. test_basic_getitem_setitem_corner
raise KeyError(
"key of type tuple not found and not a MultiIndex"
) from err
if com.is_bool_indexer(key):
key = check_bool_indexer(self.index, key)
key = np.asarray(key, dtype=bool)
if (
is_list_like(value)
and len(value) != len(self)
and not isinstance(value, Series)
and not is_object_dtype(self.dtype)
):
# Series will be reindexed to have matching length inside
# _where call below
# GH#44265
indexer = key.nonzero()[0]
self._set_values(indexer, value)
return
# otherwise with listlike other we interpret series[mask] = other
# as series[mask] = other[mask]
try:
self._where(~key, value, inplace=True, warn=warn)
except InvalidIndexError:
# test_where_dups
self.iloc[key] = value
return
else:
self._set_with(key, value, warn=warn)
if cacher_needs_updating:
self._maybe_update_cacher(inplace=True)
def _set_with_engine(self, key, value, warn: bool = True) -> None:
loc = self.index.get_loc(key)
# this is equivalent to self._values[key] = value
self._mgr.setitem_inplace(loc, value, warn=warn)
def _set_with(self, key, value, warn: bool = True) -> None:
# We got here via exception-handling off of InvalidIndexError, so
# key should always be listlike at this point.
assert not isinstance(key, tuple)
if is_iterator(key):
# Without this, the call to infer_dtype will consume the generator
key = list(key)
if not self.index._should_fallback_to_positional:
# Regardless of the key type, we're treating it as labels
self._set_labels(key, value, warn=warn)
else:
# Note: key_type == "boolean" should not occur because that
# should be caught by the is_bool_indexer check in __setitem__
key_type = lib.infer_dtype(key, skipna=False)
if key_type == "integer":
warnings.warn(
# GH#50617
"Series.__setitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. "
"In a future version, integer keys will always be treated "
"as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To set "
"a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos] = value`",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
self._set_values(key, value, warn=warn)
else:
self._set_labels(key, value, warn=warn)
def _set_labels(self, key, value, warn: bool = True) -> None:
key = com.asarray_tuplesafe(key)
indexer: np.ndarray = self.index.get_indexer(key)
mask = indexer == -1
if mask.any():
raise KeyError(f"{key[mask]} not in index")
self._set_values(indexer, value, warn=warn)
def _set_values(self, key, value, warn: bool = True) -> None:
if isinstance(key, (Index, Series)):
key = key._values
self._mgr = self._mgr.setitem(indexer=key, value=value, warn=warn)
self._maybe_update_cacher()
def _set_value(self, label, value, takeable: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Quickly set single value at passed label.
If label is not contained, a new object is created with the label
placed at the end of the result index.
Parameters
----------
label : object
Partial indexing with MultiIndex not allowed.
value : object
Scalar value.
takeable : interpret the index as indexers, default False
"""
if not takeable:
try:
loc = self.index.get_loc(label)
except KeyError:
# set using a non-recursive method
self.loc[label] = value
return
else:
loc = label
self._set_values(loc, value)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Lookup Caching
@property
def _is_cached(self) -> bool:
"""Return boolean indicating if self is cached or not."""
return getattr(self, "_cacher", None) is not None
def _get_cacher(self):
"""return my cacher or None"""
cacher = getattr(self, "_cacher", None)
if cacher is not None:
cacher = cacher[1]()
return cacher
def _reset_cacher(self) -> None:
"""
Reset the cacher.
"""
if hasattr(self, "_cacher"):
del self._cacher
def _set_as_cached(self, item, cacher) -> None:
"""
Set the _cacher attribute on the calling object with a weakref to
cacher.
"""
if using_copy_on_write():
return
self._cacher = (item, weakref.ref(cacher))
def _clear_item_cache(self) -> None:
# no-op for Series
pass
def _check_is_chained_assignment_possible(self) -> bool:
"""
See NDFrame._check_is_chained_assignment_possible.__doc__
"""
if self._is_view and self._is_cached:
ref = self._get_cacher()
if ref is not None and ref._is_mixed_type:
self._check_setitem_copy(t="referent", force=True)
return True
return super()._check_is_chained_assignment_possible()
def _maybe_update_cacher(
self, clear: bool = False, verify_is_copy: bool = True, inplace: bool = False
) -> None:
"""
See NDFrame._maybe_update_cacher.__doc__
"""
# for CoW, we never want to update the parent DataFrame cache
# if the Series changed, but don't keep track of any cacher
if using_copy_on_write():
return
cacher = getattr(self, "_cacher", None)
if cacher is not None:
ref: DataFrame = cacher[1]()
# we are trying to reference a dead referent, hence
# a copy
if ref is None:
del self._cacher
elif len(self) == len(ref) and self.name in ref.columns:
# GH#42530 self.name must be in ref.columns
# to ensure column still in dataframe
# otherwise, either self or ref has swapped in new arrays
ref._maybe_cache_changed(cacher[0], self, inplace=inplace)
else:
# GH#33675 we have swapped in a new array, so parent
# reference to self is now invalid
ref._item_cache.pop(cacher[0], None)
super()._maybe_update_cacher(
clear=clear, verify_is_copy=verify_is_copy, inplace=inplace
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Unsorted
def repeat(self, repeats: int | Sequence[int], axis: None = None) -> Series:
"""
Repeat elements of a Series.
Returns a new Series where each element of the current Series
is repeated consecutively a given number of times.
Parameters
----------
repeats : int or array of ints
The number of repetitions for each element. This should be a
non-negative integer. Repeating 0 times will return an empty
Series.
axis : None
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
Returns
-------
Series
Newly created Series with repeated elements.
See Also
--------
Index.repeat : Equivalent function for Index.
numpy.repeat : Similar method for :class:`numpy.ndarray`.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'c'])
>>> s
0 a
1 b
2 c
dtype: object
>>> s.repeat(2)
0 a
0 a
1 b
1 b
2 c
2 c
dtype: object
>>> s.repeat([1, 2, 3])
0 a
1 b
1 b
2 c
2 c
2 c
dtype: object
"""
nv.validate_repeat((), {"axis": axis})
new_index = self.index.repeat(repeats)
new_values = self._values.repeat(repeats)
return self._constructor(new_values, index=new_index, copy=False).__finalize__(
self, method="repeat"
)
@overload
def reset_index(
self,
level: IndexLabel = ...,
*,
drop: Literal[False] = ...,
name: Level = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
allow_duplicates: bool = ...,
) -> DataFrame:
...
@overload
def reset_index(
self,
level: IndexLabel = ...,
*,
drop: Literal[True],
name: Level = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
allow_duplicates: bool = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def reset_index(
self,
level: IndexLabel = ...,
*,
drop: bool = ...,
name: Level = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
allow_duplicates: bool = ...,
) -> None:
...
def reset_index(
self,
level: IndexLabel | None = None,
*,
drop: bool = False,
name: Level = lib.no_default,
inplace: bool = False,
allow_duplicates: bool = False,
) -> DataFrame | Series | None:
"""
Generate a new DataFrame or Series with the index reset.
This is useful when the index needs to be treated as a column, or
when the index is meaningless and needs to be reset to the default
before another operation.
Parameters
----------
level : int, str, tuple, or list, default optional
For a Series with a MultiIndex, only remove the specified levels
from the index. Removes all levels by default.
drop : bool, default False
Just reset the index, without inserting it as a column in
the new DataFrame.
name : object, optional
The name to use for the column containing the original Series
values. Uses ``self.name`` by default. This argument is ignored
when `drop` is True.
inplace : bool, default False
Modify the Series in place (do not create a new object).
allow_duplicates : bool, default False
Allow duplicate column labels to be created.
.. versionadded:: 1.5.0
Returns
-------
Series or DataFrame or None
When `drop` is False (the default), a DataFrame is returned.
The newly created columns will come first in the DataFrame,
followed by the original Series values.
When `drop` is True, a `Series` is returned.
In either case, if ``inplace=True``, no value is returned.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.reset_index: Analogous function for DataFrame.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], name='foo',
... index=pd.Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], name='idx'))
Generate a DataFrame with default index.
>>> s.reset_index()
idx foo
0 a 1
1 b 2
2 c 3
3 d 4
To specify the name of the new column use `name`.
>>> s.reset_index(name='values')
idx values
0 a 1
1 b 2
2 c 3
3 d 4
To generate a new Series with the default set `drop` to True.
>>> s.reset_index(drop=True)
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
Name: foo, dtype: int64
The `level` parameter is interesting for Series with a multi-level
index.
>>> arrays = [np.array(['bar', 'bar', 'baz', 'baz']),
... np.array(['one', 'two', 'one', 'two'])]
>>> s2 = pd.Series(
... range(4), name='foo',
... index=pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(arrays,
... names=['a', 'b']))
To remove a specific level from the Index, use `level`.
>>> s2.reset_index(level='a')
a foo
b
one bar 0
two bar 1
one baz 2
two baz 3
If `level` is not set, all levels are removed from the Index.
>>> s2.reset_index()
a b foo
0 bar one 0
1 bar two 1
2 baz one 2
3 baz two 3
"""
inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
if drop:
new_index = default_index(len(self))
if level is not None:
level_list: Sequence[Hashable]
if not isinstance(level, (tuple, list)):
level_list = [level]
else:
level_list = level
level_list = [self.index._get_level_number(lev) for lev in level_list]
if len(level_list) < self.index.nlevels:
new_index = self.index.droplevel(level_list)
if inplace:
self.index = new_index
elif using_copy_on_write():
new_ser = self.copy(deep=False)
new_ser.index = new_index
return new_ser.__finalize__(self, method="reset_index")
else:
return self._constructor(
self._values.copy(), index=new_index, copy=False, dtype=self.dtype
).__finalize__(self, method="reset_index")
elif inplace:
raise TypeError(
"Cannot reset_index inplace on a Series to create a DataFrame"
)
else:
if name is lib.no_default:
# For backwards compatibility, keep columns as [0] instead of
# [None] when self.name is None
if self.name is None:
name = 0
else:
name = self.name
df = self.to_frame(name)
return df.reset_index(
level=level, drop=drop, allow_duplicates=allow_duplicates
)
return None
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Rendering Methods
def __repr__(self) -> str:
"""
Return a string representation for a particular Series.
"""
# pylint: disable=invalid-repr-returned
repr_params = fmt.get_series_repr_params()
return self.to_string(**repr_params)
@overload
def to_string(
self,
buf: None = ...,
na_rep: str = ...,
float_format: str | None = ...,
header: bool = ...,
index: bool = ...,
length: bool = ...,
dtype=...,
name=...,
max_rows: int | None = ...,
min_rows: int | None = ...,
) -> str:
...
@overload
def to_string(
self,
buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str],
na_rep: str = ...,
float_format: str | None = ...,
header: bool = ...,
index: bool = ...,
length: bool = ...,
dtype=...,
name=...,
max_rows: int | None = ...,
min_rows: int | None = ...,
) -> None:
...
def to_string(
self,
buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str] | None = None,
na_rep: str = "NaN",
float_format: str | None = None,
header: bool = True,
index: bool = True,
length: bool = False,
dtype: bool = False,
name: bool = False,
max_rows: int | None = None,
min_rows: int | None = None,
) -> str | None:
"""
Render a string representation of the Series.
Parameters
----------
buf : StringIO-like, optional
Buffer to write to.
na_rep : str, optional
String representation of NaN to use, default 'NaN'.
float_format : one-parameter function, optional
Formatter function to apply to columns' elements if they are
floats, default None.
header : bool, default True
Add the Series header (index name).
index : bool, optional
Add index (row) labels, default True.
length : bool, default False
Add the Series length.
dtype : bool, default False
Add the Series dtype.
name : bool, default False
Add the Series name if not None.
max_rows : int, optional
Maximum number of rows to show before truncating. If None, show
all.
min_rows : int, optional
The number of rows to display in a truncated repr (when number
of rows is above `max_rows`).
Returns
-------
str or None
String representation of Series if ``buf=None``, otherwise None.
Examples
--------
>>> ser = pd.Series([1, 2, 3]).to_string()
>>> ser
'0 1\\n1 2\\n2 3'
"""
formatter = fmt.SeriesFormatter(
self,
name=name,
length=length,
header=header,
index=index,
dtype=dtype,
na_rep=na_rep,
float_format=float_format,
min_rows=min_rows,
max_rows=max_rows,
)
result = formatter.to_string()
# catch contract violations
if not isinstance(result, str):
raise AssertionError(
"result must be of type str, type "
f"of result is {repr(type(result).__name__)}"
)
if buf is None:
return result
else:
if hasattr(buf, "write"):
buf.write(result)
else:
with open(buf, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(result)
return None
@doc(
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"],
examples=dedent(
"""Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(["elk", "pig", "dog", "quetzal"], name="animal")
>>> print(s.to_markdown())
| | animal |
|---:|:---------|
| 0 | elk |
| 1 | pig |
| 2 | dog |
| 3 | quetzal |
Output markdown with a tabulate option.
>>> print(s.to_markdown(tablefmt="grid"))
+----+----------+
| | animal |
+====+==========+
| 0 | elk |
+----+----------+
| 1 | pig |
+----+----------+
| 2 | dog |
+----+----------+
| 3 | quetzal |
+----+----------+"""
),
)
def to_markdown(
self,
buf: IO[str] | None = None,
mode: str = "wt",
index: bool = True,
storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
**kwargs,
) -> str | None:
"""
Print {klass} in Markdown-friendly format.
Parameters
----------
buf : str, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None
Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.
mode : str, optional
Mode in which file is opened, "wt" by default.
index : bool, optional, default True
Add index (row) labels.
{storage_options}
**kwargs
These parameters will be passed to `tabulate \
<https://pypi.org/project/tabulate>`_.
Returns
-------
str
{klass} in Markdown-friendly format.
Notes
-----
Requires the `tabulate <https://pypi.org/project/tabulate>`_ package.
{examples}
"""
return self.to_frame().to_markdown(
buf, mode=mode, index=index, storage_options=storage_options, **kwargs
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
def items(self) -> Iterable[tuple[Hashable, Any]]:
"""
Lazily iterate over (index, value) tuples.
This method returns an iterable tuple (index, value). This is
convenient if you want to create a lazy iterator.
Returns
-------
iterable
Iterable of tuples containing the (index, value) pairs from a
Series.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.items : Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs.
DataFrame.iterrows : Iterate over DataFrame rows as (index, Series) pairs.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'C'])
>>> for index, value in s.items():
... print(f"Index : {index}, Value : {value}")
Index : 0, Value : A
Index : 1, Value : B
Index : 2, Value : C
"""
return zip(iter(self.index), iter(self))
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc public methods
def keys(self) -> Index:
"""
Return alias for index.
Returns
-------
Index
Index of the Series.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
>>> s.keys()
Index([0, 1, 2], dtype='int64')
"""
return self.index
@overload
def to_dict(
self, *, into: type[MutableMappingT] | MutableMappingT
) -> MutableMappingT:
...
@overload
def to_dict(self, *, into: type[dict] = ...) -> dict:
...
# error: Incompatible default for argument "into" (default has type "type[
# dict[Any, Any]]", argument has type "type[MutableMappingT] | MutableMappingT")
@deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(
version="3.0", allowed_args=["self"], name="to_dict"
)
def to_dict(
self,
into: type[MutableMappingT]
| MutableMappingT = dict, # type: ignore[assignment]
) -> MutableMappingT:
"""
Convert Series to {label -> value} dict or dict-like object.
Parameters
----------
into : class, default dict
The collections.abc.MutableMapping subclass to use as the return
object. Can be the actual class or an empty instance of the mapping
type you want. If you want a collections.defaultdict, you must
pass it initialized.
Returns
-------
collections.abc.MutableMapping
Key-value representation of Series.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> s.to_dict()
{0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4}
>>> from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
>>> s.to_dict(into=OrderedDict)
OrderedDict([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
>>> dd = defaultdict(list)
>>> s.to_dict(into=dd)
defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4})
"""
# GH16122
into_c = com.standardize_mapping(into)
if is_object_dtype(self.dtype) or isinstance(self.dtype, ExtensionDtype):
return into_c((k, maybe_box_native(v)) for k, v in self.items())
else:
# Not an object dtype => all types will be the same so let the default
# indexer return native python type
return into_c(self.items())
def to_frame(self, name: Hashable = lib.no_default) -> DataFrame:
"""
Convert Series to DataFrame.
Parameters
----------
name : object, optional
The passed name should substitute for the series name (if it has
one).
Returns
-------
DataFrame
DataFrame representation of Series.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c"],
... name="vals")
>>> s.to_frame()
vals
0 a
1 b
2 c
"""
columns: Index
if name is lib.no_default:
name = self.name
if name is None:
# default to [0], same as we would get with DataFrame(self)
columns = default_index(1)
else:
columns = Index([name])
else:
columns = Index([name])
mgr = self._mgr.to_2d_mgr(columns)
df = self._constructor_expanddim_from_mgr(mgr, axes=mgr.axes)
return df.__finalize__(self, method="to_frame")
def _set_name(
self, name, inplace: bool = False, deep: bool | None = None
) -> Series:
"""
Set the Series name.
Parameters
----------
name : str
inplace : bool
Whether to modify `self` directly or return a copy.
deep : bool|None, default None
Whether to do a deep copy, a shallow copy, or Copy on Write(None)
"""
inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
ser = self if inplace else self.copy(deep and not using_copy_on_write())
ser.name = name
return ser
@Appender(
dedent(
"""
Examples
--------
>>> ser = pd.Series([390., 350., 30., 20.],
... index=['Falcon', 'Falcon', 'Parrot', 'Parrot'],
... name="Max Speed")
>>> ser
Falcon 390.0
Falcon 350.0
Parrot 30.0
Parrot 20.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
>>> ser.groupby(["a", "b", "a", "b"]).mean()
a 210.0
b 185.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
>>> ser.groupby(level=0).mean()
Falcon 370.0
Parrot 25.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
>>> ser.groupby(ser > 100).mean()
Max Speed
False 25.0
True 370.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
**Grouping by Indexes**
We can groupby different levels of a hierarchical index
using the `level` parameter:
>>> arrays = [['Falcon', 'Falcon', 'Parrot', 'Parrot'],
... ['Captive', 'Wild', 'Captive', 'Wild']]
>>> index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(arrays, names=('Animal', 'Type'))
>>> ser = pd.Series([390., 350., 30., 20.], index=index, name="Max Speed")
>>> ser
Animal Type
Falcon Captive 390.0
Wild 350.0
Parrot Captive 30.0
Wild 20.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
>>> ser.groupby(level=0).mean()
Animal
Falcon 370.0
Parrot 25.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
>>> ser.groupby(level="Type").mean()
Type
Captive 210.0
Wild 185.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
We can also choose to include `NA` in group keys or not by defining
`dropna` parameter, the default setting is `True`.
>>> ser = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 3], index=["a", 'a', 'b', np.nan])
>>> ser.groupby(level=0).sum()
a 3
b 3
dtype: int64
>>> ser.groupby(level=0, dropna=False).sum()
a 3
b 3
NaN 3
dtype: int64
>>> arrays = ['Falcon', 'Falcon', 'Parrot', 'Parrot']
>>> ser = pd.Series([390., 350., 30., 20.], index=arrays, name="Max Speed")
>>> ser.groupby(["a", "b", "a", np.nan]).mean()
a 210.0
b 350.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
>>> ser.groupby(["a", "b", "a", np.nan], dropna=False).mean()
a 210.0
b 350.0
NaN 20.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: float64
"""
)
)
@Appender(_shared_docs["groupby"] % _shared_doc_kwargs)
def groupby(
self,
by=None,
axis: Axis = 0,
level: IndexLabel | None = None,
as_index: bool = True,
sort: bool = True,
group_keys: bool = True,
observed: bool | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
dropna: bool = True,
) -> SeriesGroupBy:
from pandas.core.groupby.generic import SeriesGroupBy
if level is None and by is None:
raise TypeError("You have to supply one of 'by' and 'level'")
if not as_index:
raise TypeError("as_index=False only valid with DataFrame")
axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
return SeriesGroupBy(
obj=self,
keys=by,
axis=axis,
level=level,
as_index=as_index,
sort=sort,
group_keys=group_keys,
observed=observed,
dropna=dropna,
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Statistics, overridden ndarray methods
# TODO: integrate bottleneck
def count(self) -> int:
"""
Return number of non-NA/null observations in the Series.
Returns
-------
int
Number of non-null values in the Series.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.count : Count non-NA cells for each column or row.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([0.0, 1.0, np.nan])
>>> s.count()
2
"""
return notna(self._values).sum().astype("int64")
def mode(self, dropna: bool = True) -> Series:
"""
Return the mode(s) of the Series.
The mode is the value that appears most often. There can be multiple modes.
Always returns Series even if only one value is returned.
Parameters
----------
dropna : bool, default True
Don't consider counts of NaN/NaT.
Returns
-------
Series
Modes of the Series in sorted order.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([2, 4, 2, 2, 4, None])
>>> s.mode()
0 2.0
dtype: float64
More than one mode:
>>> s = pd.Series([2, 4, 8, 2, 4, None])
>>> s.mode()
0 2.0
1 4.0
dtype: float64
With and without considering null value:
>>> s = pd.Series([2, 4, None, None, 4, None])
>>> s.mode(dropna=False)
0 NaN
dtype: float64
>>> s = pd.Series([2, 4, None, None, 4, None])
>>> s.mode()
0 4.0
dtype: float64
"""
# TODO: Add option for bins like value_counts()
values = self._values
if isinstance(values, np.ndarray):
res_values = algorithms.mode(values, dropna=dropna)
else:
res_values = values._mode(dropna=dropna)
# Ensure index is type stable (should always use int index)
return self._constructor(
res_values,
index=range(len(res_values)),
name=self.name,
copy=False,
dtype=self.dtype,
).__finalize__(self, method="mode")
def unique(self) -> ArrayLike: # pylint: disable=useless-parent-delegation
"""
Return unique values of Series object.
Uniques are returned in order of appearance. Hash table-based unique,
therefore does NOT sort.
Returns
-------
ndarray or ExtensionArray
The unique values returned as a NumPy array. See Notes.
See Also
--------
Series.drop_duplicates : Return Series with duplicate values removed.
unique : Top-level unique method for any 1-d array-like object.
Index.unique : Return Index with unique values from an Index object.
Notes
-----
Returns the unique values as a NumPy array. In case of an
extension-array backed Series, a new
:class:`~api.extensions.ExtensionArray` of that type with just
the unique values is returned. This includes
* Categorical
* Period
* Datetime with Timezone
* Datetime without Timezone
* Timedelta
* Interval
* Sparse
* IntegerNA
See Examples section.
Examples
--------
>>> pd.Series([2, 1, 3, 3], name='A').unique()
array([2, 1, 3])
>>> pd.Series([pd.Timestamp('2016-01-01') for _ in range(3)]).unique()
<DatetimeArray>
['2016-01-01 00:00:00']
Length: 1, dtype: datetime64[ns]
>>> pd.Series([pd.Timestamp('2016-01-01', tz='US/Eastern')
... for _ in range(3)]).unique()
<DatetimeArray>
['2016-01-01 00:00:00-05:00']
Length: 1, dtype: datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]
An Categorical will return categories in the order of
appearance and with the same dtype.
>>> pd.Series(pd.Categorical(list('baabc'))).unique()
['b', 'a', 'c']
Categories (3, object): ['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> pd.Series(pd.Categorical(list('baabc'), categories=list('abc'),
... ordered=True)).unique()
['b', 'a', 'c']
Categories (3, object): ['a' < 'b' < 'c']
"""
return super().unique()
@overload
def drop_duplicates(
self,
*,
keep: DropKeep = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def drop_duplicates(
self, *, keep: DropKeep = ..., inplace: Literal[True], ignore_index: bool = ...
) -> None:
...
@overload
def drop_duplicates(
self, *, keep: DropKeep = ..., inplace: bool = ..., ignore_index: bool = ...
) -> Series | None:
...
def drop_duplicates(
self,
*,
keep: DropKeep = "first",
inplace: bool = False,
ignore_index: bool = False,
) -> Series | None:
"""
Return Series with duplicate values removed.
Parameters
----------
keep : {'first', 'last', ``False``}, default 'first'
Method to handle dropping duplicates:
- 'first' : Drop duplicates except for the first occurrence.
- 'last' : Drop duplicates except for the last occurrence.
- ``False`` : Drop all duplicates.
inplace : bool, default ``False``
If ``True``, performs operation inplace and returns None.
ignore_index : bool, default ``False``
If ``True``, the resulting axis will be labeled 0, 1, …, n - 1.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
Returns
-------
Series or None
Series with duplicates dropped or None if ``inplace=True``.
See Also
--------
Index.drop_duplicates : Equivalent method on Index.
DataFrame.drop_duplicates : Equivalent method on DataFrame.
Series.duplicated : Related method on Series, indicating duplicate
Series values.
Series.unique : Return unique values as an array.
Examples
--------
Generate a Series with duplicated entries.
>>> s = pd.Series(['llama', 'cow', 'llama', 'beetle', 'llama', 'hippo'],
... name='animal')
>>> s
0 llama
1 cow
2 llama
3 beetle
4 llama
5 hippo
Name: animal, dtype: object
With the 'keep' parameter, the selection behaviour of duplicated values
can be changed. The value 'first' keeps the first occurrence for each
set of duplicated entries. The default value of keep is 'first'.
>>> s.drop_duplicates()
0 llama
1 cow
3 beetle
5 hippo
Name: animal, dtype: object
The value 'last' for parameter 'keep' keeps the last occurrence for
each set of duplicated entries.
>>> s.drop_duplicates(keep='last')
1 cow
3 beetle
4 llama
5 hippo
Name: animal, dtype: object
The value ``False`` for parameter 'keep' discards all sets of
duplicated entries.
>>> s.drop_duplicates(keep=False)
1 cow
3 beetle
5 hippo
Name: animal, dtype: object
"""
inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
result = super().drop_duplicates(keep=keep)
if ignore_index:
result.index = default_index(len(result))
if inplace:
self._update_inplace(result)
return None
else:
return result
def duplicated(self, keep: DropKeep = "first") -> Series:
"""
Indicate duplicate Series values.
Duplicated values are indicated as ``True`` values in the resulting
Series. Either all duplicates, all except the first or all except the
last occurrence of duplicates can be indicated.
Parameters
----------
keep : {'first', 'last', False}, default 'first'
Method to handle dropping duplicates:
- 'first' : Mark duplicates as ``True`` except for the first
occurrence.
- 'last' : Mark duplicates as ``True`` except for the last
occurrence.
- ``False`` : Mark all duplicates as ``True``.
Returns
-------
Series[bool]
Series indicating whether each value has occurred in the
preceding values.
See Also
--------
Index.duplicated : Equivalent method on pandas.Index.
DataFrame.duplicated : Equivalent method on pandas.DataFrame.
Series.drop_duplicates : Remove duplicate values from Series.
Examples
--------
By default, for each set of duplicated values, the first occurrence is
set on False and all others on True:
>>> animals = pd.Series(['llama', 'cow', 'llama', 'beetle', 'llama'])
>>> animals.duplicated()
0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 True
dtype: bool
which is equivalent to
>>> animals.duplicated(keep='first')
0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 True
dtype: bool
By using 'last', the last occurrence of each set of duplicated values
is set on False and all others on True:
>>> animals.duplicated(keep='last')
0 True
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 False
dtype: bool
By setting keep on ``False``, all duplicates are True:
>>> animals.duplicated(keep=False)
0 True
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 True
dtype: bool
"""
res = self._duplicated(keep=keep)
result = self._constructor(res, index=self.index, copy=False)
return result.__finalize__(self, method="duplicated")
def idxmin(self, axis: Axis = 0, skipna: bool = True, *args, **kwargs) -> Hashable:
"""
Return the row label of the minimum value.
If multiple values equal the minimum, the first row label with that
value is returned.
Parameters
----------
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
skipna : bool, default True
Exclude NA/null values. If the entire Series is NA, the result
will be NA.
*args, **kwargs
Additional arguments and keywords have no effect but might be
accepted for compatibility with NumPy.
Returns
-------
Index
Label of the minimum value.
Raises
------
ValueError
If the Series is empty.
See Also
--------
numpy.argmin : Return indices of the minimum values
along the given axis.
DataFrame.idxmin : Return index of first occurrence of minimum
over requested axis.
Series.idxmax : Return index *label* of the first occurrence
of maximum of values.
Notes
-----
This method is the Series version of ``ndarray.argmin``. This method
returns the label of the minimum, while ``ndarray.argmin`` returns
the position. To get the position, use ``series.values.argmin()``.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(data=[1, None, 4, 1],
... index=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
>>> s
A 1.0
B NaN
C 4.0
D 1.0
dtype: float64
>>> s.idxmin()
'A'
If `skipna` is False and there is an NA value in the data,
the function returns ``nan``.
>>> s.idxmin(skipna=False)
nan
"""
axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# TODO(3.0): this catching/filtering can be removed
# ignore warning produced by argmin since we will issue a different
# warning for idxmin
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
i = self.argmin(axis, skipna, *args, **kwargs)
if i == -1:
# GH#43587 give correct NA value for Index.
warnings.warn(
f"The behavior of {type(self).__name__}.idxmin with all-NA "
"values, or any-NA and skipna=False, is deprecated. In a future "
"version this will raise ValueError",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
return self.index._na_value
return self.index[i]
def idxmax(self, axis: Axis = 0, skipna: bool = True, *args, **kwargs) -> Hashable:
"""
Return the row label of the maximum value.
If multiple values equal the maximum, the first row label with that
value is returned.
Parameters
----------
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
skipna : bool, default True
Exclude NA/null values. If the entire Series is NA, the result
will be NA.
*args, **kwargs
Additional arguments and keywords have no effect but might be
accepted for compatibility with NumPy.
Returns
-------
Index
Label of the maximum value.
Raises
------
ValueError
If the Series is empty.
See Also
--------
numpy.argmax : Return indices of the maximum values
along the given axis.
DataFrame.idxmax : Return index of first occurrence of maximum
over requested axis.
Series.idxmin : Return index *label* of the first occurrence
of minimum of values.
Notes
-----
This method is the Series version of ``ndarray.argmax``. This method
returns the label of the maximum, while ``ndarray.argmax`` returns
the position. To get the position, use ``series.values.argmax()``.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(data=[1, None, 4, 3, 4],
... index=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])
>>> s
A 1.0
B NaN
C 4.0
D 3.0
E 4.0
dtype: float64
>>> s.idxmax()
'C'
If `skipna` is False and there is an NA value in the data,
the function returns ``nan``.
>>> s.idxmax(skipna=False)
nan
"""
axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# TODO(3.0): this catching/filtering can be removed
# ignore warning produced by argmax since we will issue a different
# warning for argmax
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
i = self.argmax(axis, skipna, *args, **kwargs)
if i == -1:
# GH#43587 give correct NA value for Index.
warnings.warn(
f"The behavior of {type(self).__name__}.idxmax with all-NA "
"values, or any-NA and skipna=False, is deprecated. In a future "
"version this will raise ValueError",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
return self.index._na_value
return self.index[i]
def round(self, decimals: int = 0, *args, **kwargs) -> Series:
"""
Round each value in a Series to the given number of decimals.
Parameters
----------
decimals : int, default 0
Number of decimal places to round to. If decimals is negative,
it specifies the number of positions to the left of the decimal point.
*args, **kwargs
Additional arguments and keywords have no effect but might be
accepted for compatibility with NumPy.
Returns
-------
Series
Rounded values of the Series.
See Also
--------
numpy.around : Round values of an np.array.
DataFrame.round : Round values of a DataFrame.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([0.1, 1.3, 2.7])
>>> s.round()
0 0.0
1 1.0
2 3.0
dtype: float64
"""
nv.validate_round(args, kwargs)
new_mgr = self._mgr.round(decimals=decimals, using_cow=using_copy_on_write())
return self._constructor_from_mgr(new_mgr, axes=new_mgr.axes).__finalize__(
self, method="round"
)
@overload
def quantile(
self, q: float = ..., interpolation: QuantileInterpolation = ...
) -> float:
...
@overload
def quantile(
self,
q: Sequence[float] | AnyArrayLike,
interpolation: QuantileInterpolation = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def quantile(
self,
q: float | Sequence[float] | AnyArrayLike = ...,
interpolation: QuantileInterpolation = ...,
) -> float | Series:
...
def quantile(
self,
q: float | Sequence[float] | AnyArrayLike = 0.5,
interpolation: QuantileInterpolation = "linear",
) -> float | Series:
"""
Return value at the given quantile.
Parameters
----------
q : float or array-like, default 0.5 (50% quantile)
The quantile(s) to compute, which can lie in range: 0 <= q <= 1.
interpolation : {'linear', 'lower', 'higher', 'midpoint', 'nearest'}
This optional parameter specifies the interpolation method to use,
when the desired quantile lies between two data points `i` and `j`:
* linear: `i + (j - i) * (x-i)/(j-i)`, where `(x-i)/(j-i)` is
the fractional part of the index surrounded by `i > j`.
* lower: `i`.
* higher: `j`.
* nearest: `i` or `j` whichever is nearest.
* midpoint: (`i` + `j`) / 2.
Returns
-------
float or Series
If ``q`` is an array, a Series will be returned where the
index is ``q`` and the values are the quantiles, otherwise
a float will be returned.
See Also
--------
core.window.Rolling.quantile : Calculate the rolling quantile.
numpy.percentile : Returns the q-th percentile(s) of the array elements.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> s.quantile(.5)
2.5
>>> s.quantile([.25, .5, .75])
0.25 1.75
0.50 2.50
0.75 3.25
dtype: float64
"""
validate_percentile(q)
# We dispatch to DataFrame so that core.internals only has to worry
# about 2D cases.
df = self.to_frame()
result = df.quantile(q=q, interpolation=interpolation, numeric_only=False)
if result.ndim == 2:
result = result.iloc[:, 0]
if is_list_like(q):
result.name = self.name
idx = Index(q, dtype=np.float64)
return self._constructor(result, index=idx, name=self.name)
else:
# scalar
return result.iloc[0]
def corr(
self,
other: Series,
method: CorrelationMethod = "pearson",
min_periods: int | None = None,
) -> float:
"""
Compute correlation with `other` Series, excluding missing values.
The two `Series` objects are not required to be the same length and will be
aligned internally before the correlation function is applied.
Parameters
----------
other : Series
Series with which to compute the correlation.
method : {'pearson', 'kendall', 'spearman'} or callable
Method used to compute correlation:
- pearson : Standard correlation coefficient
- kendall : Kendall Tau correlation coefficient
- spearman : Spearman rank correlation
- callable: Callable with input two 1d ndarrays and returning a float.
.. warning::
Note that the returned matrix from corr will have 1 along the
diagonals and will be symmetric regardless of the callable's
behavior.
min_periods : int, optional
Minimum number of observations needed to have a valid result.
Returns
-------
float
Correlation with other.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.corr : Compute pairwise correlation between columns.
DataFrame.corrwith : Compute pairwise correlation with another
DataFrame or Series.
Notes
-----
Pearson, Kendall and Spearman correlation are currently computed using pairwise complete observations.
* `Pearson correlation coefficient <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coefficient>`_
* `Kendall rank correlation coefficient <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient>`_
* `Spearman's rank correlation coefficient <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearman%27s_rank_correlation_coefficient>`_
Automatic data alignment: as with all pandas operations, automatic data alignment is performed for this method.
``corr()`` automatically considers values with matching indices.
Examples
--------
>>> def histogram_intersection(a, b):
... v = np.minimum(a, b).sum().round(decimals=1)
... return v
>>> s1 = pd.Series([.2, .0, .6, .2])
>>> s2 = pd.Series([.3, .6, .0, .1])
>>> s1.corr(s2, method=histogram_intersection)
0.3
Pandas auto-aligns the values with matching indices
>>> s1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
>>> s2 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=[2, 1, 0])
>>> s1.corr(s2)
-1.0
""" # noqa: E501
this, other = self.align(other, join="inner", copy=False)
if len(this) == 0:
return np.nan
this_values = this.to_numpy(dtype=float, na_value=np.nan, copy=False)
other_values = other.to_numpy(dtype=float, na_value=np.nan, copy=False)
if method in ["pearson", "spearman", "kendall"] or callable(method):
return nanops.nancorr(
this_values, other_values, method=method, min_periods=min_periods
)
raise ValueError(
"method must be either 'pearson', "
"'spearman', 'kendall', or a callable, "
f"'{method}' was supplied"
)
def cov(
self,
other: Series,
min_periods: int | None = None,
ddof: int | None = 1,
) -> float:
"""
Compute covariance with Series, excluding missing values.
The two `Series` objects are not required to be the same length and
will be aligned internally before the covariance is calculated.
Parameters
----------
other : Series
Series with which to compute the covariance.
min_periods : int, optional
Minimum number of observations needed to have a valid result.
ddof : int, default 1
Delta degrees of freedom. The divisor used in calculations
is ``N - ddof``, where ``N`` represents the number of elements.
Returns
-------
float
Covariance between Series and other normalized by N-1
(unbiased estimator).
See Also
--------
DataFrame.cov : Compute pairwise covariance of columns.
Examples
--------
>>> s1 = pd.Series([0.90010907, 0.13484424, 0.62036035])
>>> s2 = pd.Series([0.12528585, 0.26962463, 0.51111198])
>>> s1.cov(s2)
-0.01685762652715874
"""
this, other = self.align(other, join="inner", copy=False)
if len(this) == 0:
return np.nan
this_values = this.to_numpy(dtype=float, na_value=np.nan, copy=False)
other_values = other.to_numpy(dtype=float, na_value=np.nan, copy=False)
return nanops.nancov(
this_values, other_values, min_periods=min_periods, ddof=ddof
)
@doc(
klass="Series",
extra_params="",
other_klass="DataFrame",
examples=dedent(
"""
Difference with previous row
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8])
>>> s.diff()
0 NaN
1 0.0
2 1.0
3 1.0
4 2.0
5 3.0
dtype: float64
Difference with 3rd previous row
>>> s.diff(periods=3)
0 NaN
1 NaN
2 NaN
3 2.0
4 4.0
5 6.0
dtype: float64
Difference with following row
>>> s.diff(periods=-1)
0 0.0
1 -1.0
2 -1.0
3 -2.0
4 -3.0
5 NaN
dtype: float64
Overflow in input dtype
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 0], dtype=np.uint8)
>>> s.diff()
0 NaN
1 255.0
dtype: float64"""
),
)
def diff(self, periods: int = 1) -> Series:
"""
First discrete difference of element.
Calculates the difference of a {klass} element compared with another
element in the {klass} (default is element in previous row).
Parameters
----------
periods : int, default 1
Periods to shift for calculating difference, accepts negative
values.
{extra_params}
Returns
-------
{klass}
First differences of the Series.
See Also
--------
{klass}.pct_change: Percent change over given number of periods.
{klass}.shift: Shift index by desired number of periods with an
optional time freq.
{other_klass}.diff: First discrete difference of object.
Notes
-----
For boolean dtypes, this uses :meth:`operator.xor` rather than
:meth:`operator.sub`.
The result is calculated according to current dtype in {klass},
however dtype of the result is always float64.
Examples
--------
{examples}
"""
result = algorithms.diff(self._values, periods)
return self._constructor(result, index=self.index, copy=False).__finalize__(
self, method="diff"
)
def autocorr(self, lag: int = 1) -> float:
"""
Compute the lag-N autocorrelation.
This method computes the Pearson correlation between
the Series and its shifted self.
Parameters
----------
lag : int, default 1
Number of lags to apply before performing autocorrelation.
Returns
-------
float
The Pearson correlation between self and self.shift(lag).
See Also
--------
Series.corr : Compute the correlation between two Series.
Series.shift : Shift index by desired number of periods.
DataFrame.corr : Compute pairwise correlation of columns.
DataFrame.corrwith : Compute pairwise correlation between rows or
columns of two DataFrame objects.
Notes
-----
If the Pearson correlation is not well defined return 'NaN'.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([0.25, 0.5, 0.2, -0.05])
>>> s.autocorr() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
0.10355...
>>> s.autocorr(lag=2) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-0.99999...
If the Pearson correlation is not well defined, then 'NaN' is returned.
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 0, 0, 0])
>>> s.autocorr()
nan
"""
return self.corr(cast(Series, self.shift(lag)))
def dot(self, other: AnyArrayLike) -> Series | np.ndarray:
"""
Compute the dot product between the Series and the columns of other.
This method computes the dot product between the Series and another
one, or the Series and each columns of a DataFrame, or the Series and
each columns of an array.
It can also be called using `self @ other`.
Parameters
----------
other : Series, DataFrame or array-like
The other object to compute the dot product with its columns.
Returns
-------
scalar, Series or numpy.ndarray
Return the dot product of the Series and other if other is a
Series, the Series of the dot product of Series and each rows of
other if other is a DataFrame or a numpy.ndarray between the Series
and each columns of the numpy array.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.dot: Compute the matrix product with the DataFrame.
Series.mul: Multiplication of series and other, element-wise.
Notes
-----
The Series and other has to share the same index if other is a Series
or a DataFrame.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3])
>>> other = pd.Series([-1, 2, -3, 4])
>>> s.dot(other)
8
>>> s @ other
8
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[0, 1], [-2, 3], [4, -5], [6, 7]])
>>> s.dot(df)
0 24
1 14
dtype: int64
>>> arr = np.array([[0, 1], [-2, 3], [4, -5], [6, 7]])
>>> s.dot(arr)
array([24, 14])
"""
if isinstance(other, (Series, ABCDataFrame)):
common = self.index.union(other.index)
if len(common) > len(self.index) or len(common) > len(other.index):
raise ValueError("matrices are not aligned")
left = self.reindex(index=common, copy=False)
right = other.reindex(index=common, copy=False)
lvals = left.values
rvals = right.values
else:
lvals = self.values
rvals = np.asarray(other)
if lvals.shape[0] != rvals.shape[0]:
raise Exception(
f"Dot product shape mismatch, {lvals.shape} vs {rvals.shape}"
)
if isinstance(other, ABCDataFrame):
return self._constructor(
np.dot(lvals, rvals), index=other.columns, copy=False
).__finalize__(self, method="dot")
elif isinstance(other, Series):
return np.dot(lvals, rvals)
elif isinstance(rvals, np.ndarray):
return np.dot(lvals, rvals)
else: # pragma: no cover
raise TypeError(f"unsupported type: {type(other)}")
def __matmul__(self, other):
"""
Matrix multiplication using binary `@` operator.
"""
return self.dot(other)
def __rmatmul__(self, other):
"""
Matrix multiplication using binary `@` operator.
"""
return self.dot(np.transpose(other))
@doc(base.IndexOpsMixin.searchsorted, klass="Series")
# Signature of "searchsorted" incompatible with supertype "IndexOpsMixin"
def searchsorted( # type: ignore[override]
self,
value: NumpyValueArrayLike | ExtensionArray,
side: Literal["left", "right"] = "left",
sorter: NumpySorter | None = None,
) -> npt.NDArray[np.intp] | np.intp:
return base.IndexOpsMixin.searchsorted(self, value, side=side, sorter=sorter)
# -------------------------------------------------------------------
# Combination
def _append(
self, to_append, ignore_index: bool = False, verify_integrity: bool = False
):
from pandas.core.reshape.concat import concat
if isinstance(to_append, (list, tuple)):
to_concat = [self]
to_concat.extend(to_append)
else:
to_concat = [self, to_append]
if any(isinstance(x, (ABCDataFrame,)) for x in to_concat[1:]):
msg = "to_append should be a Series or list/tuple of Series, got DataFrame"
raise TypeError(msg)
return concat(
to_concat, ignore_index=ignore_index, verify_integrity=verify_integrity
)
@doc(
_shared_docs["compare"],
dedent(
"""
Returns
-------
Series or DataFrame
If axis is 0 or 'index' the result will be a Series.
The resulting index will be a MultiIndex with 'self' and 'other'
stacked alternately at the inner level.
If axis is 1 or 'columns' the result will be a DataFrame.
It will have two columns namely 'self' and 'other'.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.compare : Compare with another DataFrame and show differences.
Notes
-----
Matching NaNs will not appear as a difference.
Examples
--------
>>> s1 = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"])
>>> s2 = pd.Series(["a", "a", "c", "b", "e"])
Align the differences on columns
>>> s1.compare(s2)
self other
1 b a
3 d b
Stack the differences on indices
>>> s1.compare(s2, align_axis=0)
1 self b
other a
3 self d
other b
dtype: object
Keep all original rows
>>> s1.compare(s2, keep_shape=True)
self other
0 NaN NaN
1 b a
2 NaN NaN
3 d b
4 NaN NaN
Keep all original rows and also all original values
>>> s1.compare(s2, keep_shape=True, keep_equal=True)
self other
0 a a
1 b a
2 c c
3 d b
4 e e
"""
),
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
)
def compare(
self,
other: Series,
align_axis: Axis = 1,
keep_shape: bool = False,
keep_equal: bool = False,
result_names: Suffixes = ("self", "other"),
) -> DataFrame | Series:
return super().compare(
other=other,
align_axis=align_axis,
keep_shape=keep_shape,
keep_equal=keep_equal,
result_names=result_names,
)
def combine(
self,
other: Series | Hashable,
func: Callable[[Hashable, Hashable], Hashable],
fill_value: Hashable | None = None,
) -> Series:
"""
Combine the Series with a Series or scalar according to `func`.
Combine the Series and `other` using `func` to perform elementwise
selection for combined Series.
`fill_value` is assumed when value is missing at some index
from one of the two objects being combined.
Parameters
----------
other : Series or scalar
The value(s) to be combined with the `Series`.
func : function
Function that takes two scalars as inputs and returns an element.
fill_value : scalar, optional
The value to assume when an index is missing from
one Series or the other. The default specifies to use the
appropriate NaN value for the underlying dtype of the Series.
Returns
-------
Series
The result of combining the Series with the other object.
See Also
--------
Series.combine_first : Combine Series values, choosing the calling
Series' values first.
Examples
--------
Consider 2 Datasets ``s1`` and ``s2`` containing
highest clocked speeds of different birds.
>>> s1 = pd.Series({'falcon': 330.0, 'eagle': 160.0})
>>> s1
falcon 330.0
eagle 160.0
dtype: float64
>>> s2 = pd.Series({'falcon': 345.0, 'eagle': 200.0, 'duck': 30.0})
>>> s2
falcon 345.0
eagle 200.0
duck 30.0
dtype: float64
Now, to combine the two datasets and view the highest speeds
of the birds across the two datasets
>>> s1.combine(s2, max)
duck NaN
eagle 200.0
falcon 345.0
dtype: float64
In the previous example, the resulting value for duck is missing,
because the maximum of a NaN and a float is a NaN.
So, in the example, we set ``fill_value=0``,
so the maximum value returned will be the value from some dataset.
>>> s1.combine(s2, max, fill_value=0)
duck 30.0
eagle 200.0
falcon 345.0
dtype: float64
"""
if fill_value is None:
fill_value = na_value_for_dtype(self.dtype, compat=False)
if isinstance(other, Series):
# If other is a Series, result is based on union of Series,
# so do this element by element
new_index = self.index.union(other.index)
new_name = ops.get_op_result_name(self, other)
new_values = np.empty(len(new_index), dtype=object)
with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
for i, idx in enumerate(new_index):
lv = self.get(idx, fill_value)
rv = other.get(idx, fill_value)
new_values[i] = func(lv, rv)
else:
# Assume that other is a scalar, so apply the function for
# each element in the Series
new_index = self.index
new_values = np.empty(len(new_index), dtype=object)
with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
new_values[:] = [func(lv, other) for lv in self._values]
new_name = self.name
# try_float=False is to match agg_series
npvalues = lib.maybe_convert_objects(new_values, try_float=False)
# same_dtype here is a kludge to avoid casting e.g. [True, False] to
# ["True", "False"]
same_dtype = isinstance(self.dtype, (StringDtype, CategoricalDtype))
res_values = maybe_cast_pointwise_result(
npvalues, self.dtype, same_dtype=same_dtype
)
return self._constructor(res_values, index=new_index, name=new_name, copy=False)
def combine_first(self, other) -> Series:
"""
Update null elements with value in the same location in 'other'.
Combine two Series objects by filling null values in one Series with
non-null values from the other Series. Result index will be the union
of the two indexes.
Parameters
----------
other : Series
The value(s) to be used for filling null values.
Returns
-------
Series
The result of combining the provided Series with the other object.
See Also
--------
Series.combine : Perform element-wise operation on two Series
using a given function.
Examples
--------
>>> s1 = pd.Series([1, np.nan])
>>> s2 = pd.Series([3, 4, 5])
>>> s1.combine_first(s2)
0 1.0
1 4.0
2 5.0
dtype: float64
Null values still persist if the location of that null value
does not exist in `other`
>>> s1 = pd.Series({'falcon': np.nan, 'eagle': 160.0})
>>> s2 = pd.Series({'eagle': 200.0, 'duck': 30.0})
>>> s1.combine_first(s2)
duck 30.0
eagle 160.0
falcon NaN
dtype: float64
"""
from pandas.core.reshape.concat import concat
if self.dtype == other.dtype:
if self.index.equals(other.index):
return self.mask(self.isna(), other)
elif self._can_hold_na and not isinstance(self.dtype, SparseDtype):
this, other = self.align(other, join="outer")
return this.mask(this.isna(), other)
new_index = self.index.union(other.index)
this = self
# identify the index subset to keep for each series
keep_other = other.index.difference(this.index[notna(this)])
keep_this = this.index.difference(keep_other)
this = this.reindex(keep_this, copy=False)
other = other.reindex(keep_other, copy=False)
if this.dtype.kind == "M" and other.dtype.kind != "M":
other = to_datetime(other)
combined = concat([this, other])
combined = combined.reindex(new_index, copy=False)
return combined.__finalize__(self, method="combine_first")
def update(self, other: Series | Sequence | Mapping) -> None:
"""
Modify Series in place using values from passed Series.
Uses non-NA values from passed Series to make updates. Aligns
on index.
Parameters
----------
other : Series, or object coercible into Series
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.update(pd.Series([4, 5, 6]))
>>> s
0 4
1 5
2 6
dtype: int64
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'c'])
>>> s.update(pd.Series(['d', 'e'], index=[0, 2]))
>>> s
0 d
1 b
2 e
dtype: object
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.update(pd.Series([4, 5, 6, 7, 8]))
>>> s
0 4
1 5
2 6
dtype: int64
If ``other`` contains NaNs the corresponding values are not updated
in the original Series.
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.update(pd.Series([4, np.nan, 6]))
>>> s
0 4
1 2
2 6
dtype: int64
``other`` can also be a non-Series object type
that is coercible into a Series
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.update([4, np.nan, 6])
>>> s
0 4
1 2
2 6
dtype: int64
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s.update({1: 9})
>>> s
0 1
1 9
2 3
dtype: int64
"""
if not PYPY and using_copy_on_write():
if sys.getrefcount(self) <= REF_COUNT:
warnings.warn(
_chained_assignment_method_msg,
ChainedAssignmentError,
stacklevel=2,
)
elif not PYPY and not using_copy_on_write() and self._is_view_after_cow_rules():
ctr = sys.getrefcount(self)
ref_count = REF_COUNT
if _check_cacher(self):
# see https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/56060#discussion_r1399245221
ref_count += 1
if ctr <= ref_count:
warnings.warn(
_chained_assignment_warning_method_msg,
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
if not isinstance(other, Series):
other = Series(other)
other = other.reindex_like(self)
mask = notna(other)
self._mgr = self._mgr.putmask(mask=mask, new=other)
self._maybe_update_cacher()
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Reindexing, sorting
@overload
def sort_values(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
kind: SortKind = ...,
na_position: NaPosition = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
key: ValueKeyFunc = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def sort_values(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
kind: SortKind = ...,
na_position: NaPosition = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
key: ValueKeyFunc = ...,
) -> None:
...
@overload
def sort_values(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = ...,
inplace: bool = ...,
kind: SortKind = ...,
na_position: NaPosition = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
key: ValueKeyFunc = ...,
) -> Series | None:
...
def sort_values(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = True,
inplace: bool = False,
kind: SortKind = "quicksort",
na_position: NaPosition = "last",
ignore_index: bool = False,
key: ValueKeyFunc | None = None,
) -> Series | None:
"""
Sort by the values.
Sort a Series in ascending or descending order by some
criterion.
Parameters
----------
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
ascending : bool or list of bools, default True
If True, sort values in ascending order, otherwise descending.
inplace : bool, default False
If True, perform operation in-place.
kind : {'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort', 'stable'}, default 'quicksort'
Choice of sorting algorithm. See also :func:`numpy.sort` for more
information. 'mergesort' and 'stable' are the only stable algorithms.
na_position : {'first' or 'last'}, default 'last'
Argument 'first' puts NaNs at the beginning, 'last' puts NaNs at
the end.
ignore_index : bool, default False
If True, the resulting axis will be labeled 0, 1, …, n - 1.
key : callable, optional
If not None, apply the key function to the series values
before sorting. This is similar to the `key` argument in the
builtin :meth:`sorted` function, with the notable difference that
this `key` function should be *vectorized*. It should expect a
``Series`` and return an array-like.
Returns
-------
Series or None
Series ordered by values or None if ``inplace=True``.
See Also
--------
Series.sort_index : Sort by the Series indices.
DataFrame.sort_values : Sort DataFrame by the values along either axis.
DataFrame.sort_index : Sort DataFrame by indices.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([np.nan, 1, 3, 10, 5])
>>> s
0 NaN
1 1.0
2 3.0
3 10.0
4 5.0
dtype: float64
Sort values ascending order (default behaviour)
>>> s.sort_values(ascending=True)
1 1.0
2 3.0
4 5.0
3 10.0
0 NaN
dtype: float64
Sort values descending order
>>> s.sort_values(ascending=False)
3 10.0
4 5.0
2 3.0
1 1.0
0 NaN
dtype: float64
Sort values putting NAs first
>>> s.sort_values(na_position='first')
0 NaN
1 1.0
2 3.0
4 5.0
3 10.0
dtype: float64
Sort a series of strings
>>> s = pd.Series(['z', 'b', 'd', 'a', 'c'])
>>> s
0 z
1 b
2 d
3 a
4 c
dtype: object
>>> s.sort_values()
3 a
1 b
4 c
2 d
0 z
dtype: object
Sort using a key function. Your `key` function will be
given the ``Series`` of values and should return an array-like.
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'B', 'c', 'D', 'e'])
>>> s.sort_values()
1 B
3 D
0 a
2 c
4 e
dtype: object
>>> s.sort_values(key=lambda x: x.str.lower())
0 a
1 B
2 c
3 D
4 e
dtype: object
NumPy ufuncs work well here. For example, we can
sort by the ``sin`` of the value
>>> s = pd.Series([-4, -2, 0, 2, 4])
>>> s.sort_values(key=np.sin)
1 -2
4 4
2 0
0 -4
3 2
dtype: int64
More complicated user-defined functions can be used,
as long as they expect a Series and return an array-like
>>> s.sort_values(key=lambda x: (np.tan(x.cumsum())))
0 -4
3 2
4 4
1 -2
2 0
dtype: int64
"""
inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
# Validate the axis parameter
self._get_axis_number(axis)
# GH 5856/5853
if inplace and self._is_cached:
raise ValueError(
"This Series is a view of some other array, to "
"sort in-place you must create a copy"
)
if is_list_like(ascending):
ascending = cast(Sequence[bool], ascending)
if len(ascending) != 1:
raise ValueError(
f"Length of ascending ({len(ascending)}) must be 1 for Series"
)
ascending = ascending[0]
ascending = validate_ascending(ascending)
if na_position not in ["first", "last"]:
raise ValueError(f"invalid na_position: {na_position}")
# GH 35922. Make sorting stable by leveraging nargsort
if key:
values_to_sort = cast(Series, ensure_key_mapped(self, key))._values
else:
values_to_sort = self._values
sorted_index = nargsort(values_to_sort, kind, bool(ascending), na_position)
if is_range_indexer(sorted_index, len(sorted_index)):
if inplace:
return self._update_inplace(self)
return self.copy(deep=None)
result = self._constructor(
self._values[sorted_index], index=self.index[sorted_index], copy=False
)
if ignore_index:
result.index = default_index(len(sorted_index))
if not inplace:
return result.__finalize__(self, method="sort_values")
self._update_inplace(result)
return None
@overload
def sort_index(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
level: IndexLabel = ...,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
kind: SortKind = ...,
na_position: NaPosition = ...,
sort_remaining: bool = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
key: IndexKeyFunc = ...,
) -> None:
...
@overload
def sort_index(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
level: IndexLabel = ...,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
kind: SortKind = ...,
na_position: NaPosition = ...,
sort_remaining: bool = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
key: IndexKeyFunc = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def sort_index(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
level: IndexLabel = ...,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = ...,
inplace: bool = ...,
kind: SortKind = ...,
na_position: NaPosition = ...,
sort_remaining: bool = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
key: IndexKeyFunc = ...,
) -> Series | None:
...
def sort_index(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
level: IndexLabel | None = None,
ascending: bool | Sequence[bool] = True,
inplace: bool = False,
kind: SortKind = "quicksort",
na_position: NaPosition = "last",
sort_remaining: bool = True,
ignore_index: bool = False,
key: IndexKeyFunc | None = None,
) -> Series | None:
"""
Sort Series by index labels.
Returns a new Series sorted by label if `inplace` argument is
``False``, otherwise updates the original series and returns None.
Parameters
----------
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
level : int, optional
If not None, sort on values in specified index level(s).
ascending : bool or list-like of bools, default True
Sort ascending vs. descending. When the index is a MultiIndex the
sort direction can be controlled for each level individually.
inplace : bool, default False
If True, perform operation in-place.
kind : {'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort', 'stable'}, default 'quicksort'
Choice of sorting algorithm. See also :func:`numpy.sort` for more
information. 'mergesort' and 'stable' are the only stable algorithms. For
DataFrames, this option is only applied when sorting on a single
column or label.
na_position : {'first', 'last'}, default 'last'
If 'first' puts NaNs at the beginning, 'last' puts NaNs at the end.
Not implemented for MultiIndex.
sort_remaining : bool, default True
If True and sorting by level and index is multilevel, sort by other
levels too (in order) after sorting by specified level.
ignore_index : bool, default False
If True, the resulting axis will be labeled 0, 1, …, n - 1.
key : callable, optional
If not None, apply the key function to the index values
before sorting. This is similar to the `key` argument in the
builtin :meth:`sorted` function, with the notable difference that
this `key` function should be *vectorized*. It should expect an
``Index`` and return an ``Index`` of the same shape.
Returns
-------
Series or None
The original Series sorted by the labels or None if ``inplace=True``.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.sort_index: Sort DataFrame by the index.
DataFrame.sort_values: Sort DataFrame by the value.
Series.sort_values : Sort Series by the value.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], index=[3, 2, 1, 4])
>>> s.sort_index()
1 c
2 b
3 a
4 d
dtype: object
Sort Descending
>>> s.sort_index(ascending=False)
4 d
3 a
2 b
1 c
dtype: object
By default NaNs are put at the end, but use `na_position` to place
them at the beginning
>>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], index=[3, 2, 1, np.nan])
>>> s.sort_index(na_position='first')
NaN d
1.0 c
2.0 b
3.0 a
dtype: object
Specify index level to sort
>>> arrays = [np.array(['qux', 'qux', 'foo', 'foo',
... 'baz', 'baz', 'bar', 'bar']),
... np.array(['two', 'one', 'two', 'one',
... 'two', 'one', 'two', 'one'])]
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], index=arrays)
>>> s.sort_index(level=1)
bar one 8
baz one 6
foo one 4
qux one 2
bar two 7
baz two 5
foo two 3
qux two 1
dtype: int64
Does not sort by remaining levels when sorting by levels
>>> s.sort_index(level=1, sort_remaining=False)
qux one 2
foo one 4
baz one 6
bar one 8
qux two 1
foo two 3
baz two 5
bar two 7
dtype: int64
Apply a key function before sorting
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['A', 'b', 'C', 'd'])
>>> s.sort_index(key=lambda x : x.str.lower())
A 1
b 2
C 3
d 4
dtype: int64
"""
return super().sort_index(
axis=axis,
level=level,
ascending=ascending,
inplace=inplace,
kind=kind,
na_position=na_position,
sort_remaining=sort_remaining,
ignore_index=ignore_index,
key=key,
)
def argsort(
self,
axis: Axis = 0,
kind: SortKind = "quicksort",
order: None = None,
stable: None = None,
) -> Series:
"""
Return the integer indices that would sort the Series values.
Override ndarray.argsort. Argsorts the value, omitting NA/null values,
and places the result in the same locations as the non-NA values.
Parameters
----------
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
kind : {'mergesort', 'quicksort', 'heapsort', 'stable'}, default 'quicksort'
Choice of sorting algorithm. See :func:`numpy.sort` for more
information. 'mergesort' and 'stable' are the only stable algorithms.
order : None
Has no effect but is accepted for compatibility with numpy.
stable : None
Has no effect but is accepted for compatibility with numpy.
Returns
-------
Series[np.intp]
Positions of values within the sort order with -1 indicating
nan values.
See Also
--------
numpy.ndarray.argsort : Returns the indices that would sort this array.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([3, 2, 1])
>>> s.argsort()
0 2
1 1
2 0
dtype: int64
"""
if axis != -1:
# GH#54257 We allow -1 here so that np.argsort(series) works
self._get_axis_number(axis)
values = self._values
mask = isna(values)
if mask.any():
# TODO(3.0): once this deprecation is enforced we can call
# self.array.argsort directly, which will close GH#43840 and
# GH#12694
warnings.warn(
"The behavior of Series.argsort in the presence of NA values is "
"deprecated. In a future version, NA values will be ordered "
"last instead of set to -1.",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
result = np.full(len(self), -1, dtype=np.intp)
notmask = ~mask
result[notmask] = np.argsort(values[notmask], kind=kind)
else:
result = np.argsort(values, kind=kind)
res = self._constructor(
result, index=self.index, name=self.name, dtype=np.intp, copy=False
)
return res.__finalize__(self, method="argsort")
def nlargest(
self, n: int = 5, keep: Literal["first", "last", "all"] = "first"
) -> Series:
"""
Return the largest `n` elements.
Parameters
----------
n : int, default 5
Return this many descending sorted values.
keep : {'first', 'last', 'all'}, default 'first'
When there are duplicate values that cannot all fit in a
Series of `n` elements:
- ``first`` : return the first `n` occurrences in order
of appearance.
- ``last`` : return the last `n` occurrences in reverse
order of appearance.
- ``all`` : keep all occurrences. This can result in a Series of
size larger than `n`.
Returns
-------
Series
The `n` largest values in the Series, sorted in decreasing order.
See Also
--------
Series.nsmallest: Get the `n` smallest elements.
Series.sort_values: Sort Series by values.
Series.head: Return the first `n` rows.
Notes
-----
Faster than ``.sort_values(ascending=False).head(n)`` for small `n`
relative to the size of the ``Series`` object.
Examples
--------
>>> countries_population = {"Italy": 59000000, "France": 65000000,
... "Malta": 434000, "Maldives": 434000,
... "Brunei": 434000, "Iceland": 337000,
... "Nauru": 11300, "Tuvalu": 11300,
... "Anguilla": 11300, "Montserrat": 5200}
>>> s = pd.Series(countries_population)
>>> s
Italy 59000000
France 65000000
Malta 434000
Maldives 434000
Brunei 434000
Iceland 337000
Nauru 11300
Tuvalu 11300
Anguilla 11300
Montserrat 5200
dtype: int64
The `n` largest elements where ``n=5`` by default.
>>> s.nlargest()
France 65000000
Italy 59000000
Malta 434000
Maldives 434000
Brunei 434000
dtype: int64
The `n` largest elements where ``n=3``. Default `keep` value is 'first'
so Malta will be kept.
>>> s.nlargest(3)
France 65000000
Italy 59000000
Malta 434000
dtype: int64
The `n` largest elements where ``n=3`` and keeping the last duplicates.
Brunei will be kept since it is the last with value 434000 based on
the index order.
>>> s.nlargest(3, keep='last')
France 65000000
Italy 59000000
Brunei 434000
dtype: int64
The `n` largest elements where ``n=3`` with all duplicates kept. Note
that the returned Series has five elements due to the three duplicates.
>>> s.nlargest(3, keep='all')
France 65000000
Italy 59000000
Malta 434000
Maldives 434000
Brunei 434000
dtype: int64
"""
return selectn.SelectNSeries(self, n=n, keep=keep).nlargest()
def nsmallest(
self, n: int = 5, keep: Literal["first", "last", "all"] = "first"
) -> Series:
"""
Return the smallest `n` elements.
Parameters
----------
n : int, default 5
Return this many ascending sorted values.
keep : {'first', 'last', 'all'}, default 'first'
When there are duplicate values that cannot all fit in a
Series of `n` elements:
- ``first`` : return the first `n` occurrences in order
of appearance.
- ``last`` : return the last `n` occurrences in reverse
order of appearance.
- ``all`` : keep all occurrences. This can result in a Series of
size larger than `n`.
Returns
-------
Series
The `n` smallest values in the Series, sorted in increasing order.
See Also
--------
Series.nlargest: Get the `n` largest elements.
Series.sort_values: Sort Series by values.
Series.head: Return the first `n` rows.
Notes
-----
Faster than ``.sort_values().head(n)`` for small `n` relative to
the size of the ``Series`` object.
Examples
--------
>>> countries_population = {"Italy": 59000000, "France": 65000000,
... "Brunei": 434000, "Malta": 434000,
... "Maldives": 434000, "Iceland": 337000,
... "Nauru": 11300, "Tuvalu": 11300,
... "Anguilla": 11300, "Montserrat": 5200}
>>> s = pd.Series(countries_population)
>>> s
Italy 59000000
France 65000000
Brunei 434000
Malta 434000
Maldives 434000
Iceland 337000
Nauru 11300
Tuvalu 11300
Anguilla 11300
Montserrat 5200
dtype: int64
The `n` smallest elements where ``n=5`` by default.
>>> s.nsmallest()
Montserrat 5200
Nauru 11300
Tuvalu 11300
Anguilla 11300
Iceland 337000
dtype: int64
The `n` smallest elements where ``n=3``. Default `keep` value is
'first' so Nauru and Tuvalu will be kept.
>>> s.nsmallest(3)
Montserrat 5200
Nauru 11300
Tuvalu 11300
dtype: int64
The `n` smallest elements where ``n=3`` and keeping the last
duplicates. Anguilla and Tuvalu will be kept since they are the last
with value 11300 based on the index order.
>>> s.nsmallest(3, keep='last')
Montserrat 5200
Anguilla 11300
Tuvalu 11300
dtype: int64
The `n` smallest elements where ``n=3`` with all duplicates kept. Note
that the returned Series has four elements due to the three duplicates.
>>> s.nsmallest(3, keep='all')
Montserrat 5200
Nauru 11300
Tuvalu 11300
Anguilla 11300
dtype: int64
"""
return selectn.SelectNSeries(self, n=n, keep=keep).nsmallest()
@doc(
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
extra_params=dedent(
"""copy : bool, default True
Whether to copy underlying data.
.. note::
The `copy` keyword will change behavior in pandas 3.0.
`Copy-on-Write
<https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/user_guide/copy_on_write.html>`__
will be enabled by default, which means that all methods with a
`copy` keyword will use a lazy copy mechanism to defer the copy and
ignore the `copy` keyword. The `copy` keyword will be removed in a
future version of pandas.
You can already get the future behavior and improvements through
enabling copy on write ``pd.options.mode.copy_on_write = True``"""
),
examples=dedent(
"""\
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(
... ["A", "B", "A", "C"],
... index=[
... ["Final exam", "Final exam", "Coursework", "Coursework"],
... ["History", "Geography", "History", "Geography"],
... ["January", "February", "March", "April"],
... ],
... )
>>> s
Final exam History January A
Geography February B
Coursework History March A
Geography April C
dtype: object
In the following example, we will swap the levels of the indices.
Here, we will swap the levels column-wise, but levels can be swapped row-wise
in a similar manner. Note that column-wise is the default behaviour.
By not supplying any arguments for i and j, we swap the last and second to
last indices.
>>> s.swaplevel()
Final exam January History A
February Geography B
Coursework March History A
April Geography C
dtype: object
By supplying one argument, we can choose which index to swap the last
index with. We can for example swap the first index with the last one as
follows.
>>> s.swaplevel(0)
January History Final exam A
February Geography Final exam B
March History Coursework A
April Geography Coursework C
dtype: object
We can also define explicitly which indices we want to swap by supplying values
for both i and j. Here, we for example swap the first and second indices.
>>> s.swaplevel(0, 1)
History Final exam January A
Geography Final exam February B
History Coursework March A
Geography Coursework April C
dtype: object"""
),
)
def swaplevel(
self, i: Level = -2, j: Level = -1, copy: bool | None = None
) -> Series:
"""
Swap levels i and j in a :class:`MultiIndex`.
Default is to swap the two innermost levels of the index.
Parameters
----------
i, j : int or str
Levels of the indices to be swapped. Can pass level name as string.
{extra_params}
Returns
-------
{klass}
{klass} with levels swapped in MultiIndex.
{examples}
"""
assert isinstance(self.index, MultiIndex)
result = self.copy(deep=copy and not using_copy_on_write())
result.index = self.index.swaplevel(i, j)
return result
def reorder_levels(self, order: Sequence[Level]) -> Series:
"""
Rearrange index levels using input order.
May not drop or duplicate levels.
Parameters
----------
order : list of int representing new level order
Reference level by number or key.
Returns
-------
type of caller (new object)
Examples
--------
>>> arrays = [np.array(["dog", "dog", "cat", "cat", "bird", "bird"]),
... np.array(["white", "black", "white", "black", "white", "black"])]
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 2], index=arrays)
>>> s
dog white 1
black 2
cat white 3
black 3
bird white 5
black 2
dtype: int64
>>> s.reorder_levels([1, 0])
white dog 1
black dog 2
white cat 3
black cat 3
white bird 5
black bird 2
dtype: int64
"""
if not isinstance(self.index, MultiIndex): # pragma: no cover
raise Exception("Can only reorder levels on a hierarchical axis.")
result = self.copy(deep=None)
assert isinstance(result.index, MultiIndex)
result.index = result.index.reorder_levels(order)
return result
def explode(self, ignore_index: bool = False) -> Series:
"""
Transform each element of a list-like to a row.
Parameters
----------
ignore_index : bool, default False
If True, the resulting index will be labeled 0, 1, …, n - 1.
Returns
-------
Series
Exploded lists to rows; index will be duplicated for these rows.
See Also
--------
Series.str.split : Split string values on specified separator.
Series.unstack : Unstack, a.k.a. pivot, Series with MultiIndex
to produce DataFrame.
DataFrame.melt : Unpivot a DataFrame from wide format to long format.
DataFrame.explode : Explode a DataFrame from list-like
columns to long format.
Notes
-----
This routine will explode list-likes including lists, tuples, sets,
Series, and np.ndarray. The result dtype of the subset rows will
be object. Scalars will be returned unchanged, and empty list-likes will
result in a np.nan for that row. In addition, the ordering of elements in
the output will be non-deterministic when exploding sets.
Reference :ref:`the user guide <reshaping.explode>` for more examples.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([[1, 2, 3], 'foo', [], [3, 4]])
>>> s
0 [1, 2, 3]
1 foo
2 []
3 [3, 4]
dtype: object
>>> s.explode()
0 1
0 2
0 3
1 foo
2 NaN
3 3
3 4
dtype: object
"""
if isinstance(self.dtype, ExtensionDtype):
values, counts = self._values._explode()
elif len(self) and is_object_dtype(self.dtype):
values, counts = reshape.explode(np.asarray(self._values))
else:
result = self.copy()
return result.reset_index(drop=True) if ignore_index else result
if ignore_index:
index: Index = default_index(len(values))
else:
index = self.index.repeat(counts)
return self._constructor(values, index=index, name=self.name, copy=False)
def unstack(
self,
level: IndexLabel = -1,
fill_value: Hashable | None = None,
sort: bool = True,
) -> DataFrame:
"""
Unstack, also known as pivot, Series with MultiIndex to produce DataFrame.
Parameters
----------
level : int, str, or list of these, default last level
Level(s) to unstack, can pass level name.
fill_value : scalar value, default None
Value to use when replacing NaN values.
sort : bool, default True
Sort the level(s) in the resulting MultiIndex columns.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
Unstacked Series.
Notes
-----
Reference :ref:`the user guide <reshaping.stacking>` for more examples.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4],
... index=pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['one', 'two'],
... ['a', 'b']]))
>>> s
one a 1
b 2
two a 3
b 4
dtype: int64
>>> s.unstack(level=-1)
a b
one 1 2
two 3 4
>>> s.unstack(level=0)
one two
a 1 3
b 2 4
"""
from pandas.core.reshape.reshape import unstack
return unstack(self, level, fill_value, sort)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# function application
def map(
self,
arg: Callable | Mapping | Series,
na_action: Literal["ignore"] | None = None,
) -> Series:
"""
Map values of Series according to an input mapping or function.
Used for substituting each value in a Series with another value,
that may be derived from a function, a ``dict`` or
a :class:`Series`.
Parameters
----------
arg : function, collections.abc.Mapping subclass or Series
Mapping correspondence.
na_action : {None, 'ignore'}, default None
If 'ignore', propagate NaN values, without passing them to the
mapping correspondence.
Returns
-------
Series
Same index as caller.
See Also
--------
Series.apply : For applying more complex functions on a Series.
Series.replace: Replace values given in `to_replace` with `value`.
DataFrame.apply : Apply a function row-/column-wise.
DataFrame.map : Apply a function elementwise on a whole DataFrame.
Notes
-----
When ``arg`` is a dictionary, values in Series that are not in the
dictionary (as keys) are converted to ``NaN``. However, if the
dictionary is a ``dict`` subclass that defines ``__missing__`` (i.e.
provides a method for default values), then this default is used
rather than ``NaN``.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['cat', 'dog', np.nan, 'rabbit'])
>>> s
0 cat
1 dog
2 NaN
3 rabbit
dtype: object
``map`` accepts a ``dict`` or a ``Series``. Values that are not found
in the ``dict`` are converted to ``NaN``, unless the dict has a default
value (e.g. ``defaultdict``):
>>> s.map({'cat': 'kitten', 'dog': 'puppy'})
0 kitten
1 puppy
2 NaN
3 NaN
dtype: object
It also accepts a function:
>>> s.map('I am a {}'.format)
0 I am a cat
1 I am a dog
2 I am a nan
3 I am a rabbit
dtype: object
To avoid applying the function to missing values (and keep them as
``NaN``) ``na_action='ignore'`` can be used:
>>> s.map('I am a {}'.format, na_action='ignore')
0 I am a cat
1 I am a dog
2 NaN
3 I am a rabbit
dtype: object
"""
new_values = self._map_values(arg, na_action=na_action)
return self._constructor(new_values, index=self.index, copy=False).__finalize__(
self, method="map"
)
def _gotitem(self, key, ndim, subset=None) -> Self:
"""
Sub-classes to define. Return a sliced object.
Parameters
----------
key : string / list of selections
ndim : {1, 2}
Requested ndim of result.
subset : object, default None
Subset to act on.
"""
return self
_agg_see_also_doc = dedent(
"""
See Also
--------
Series.apply : Invoke function on a Series.
Series.transform : Transform function producing a Series with like indexes.
"""
)
_agg_examples_doc = dedent(
"""
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> s
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
dtype: int64
>>> s.agg('min')
1
>>> s.agg(['min', 'max'])
min 1
max 4
dtype: int64
"""
)
@doc(
_shared_docs["aggregate"],
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
axis=_shared_doc_kwargs["axis"],
see_also=_agg_see_also_doc,
examples=_agg_examples_doc,
)
def aggregate(self, func=None, axis: Axis = 0, *args, **kwargs):
# Validate the axis parameter
self._get_axis_number(axis)
# if func is None, will switch to user-provided "named aggregation" kwargs
if func is None:
func = dict(kwargs.items())
op = SeriesApply(self, func, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
result = op.agg()
return result
agg = aggregate
@doc(
_shared_docs["transform"],
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
axis=_shared_doc_kwargs["axis"],
)
def transform(
self, func: AggFuncType, axis: Axis = 0, *args, **kwargs
) -> DataFrame | Series:
# Validate axis argument
self._get_axis_number(axis)
ser = (
self.copy(deep=False)
if using_copy_on_write() or warn_copy_on_write()
else self
)
result = SeriesApply(ser, func=func, args=args, kwargs=kwargs).transform()
return result
def apply(
self,
func: AggFuncType,
convert_dtype: bool | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
args: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
*,
by_row: Literal[False, "compat"] = "compat",
**kwargs,
) -> DataFrame | Series:
"""
Invoke function on values of Series.
Can be ufunc (a NumPy function that applies to the entire Series)
or a Python function that only works on single values.
Parameters
----------
func : function
Python function or NumPy ufunc to apply.
convert_dtype : bool, default True
Try to find better dtype for elementwise function results. If
False, leave as dtype=object. Note that the dtype is always
preserved for some extension array dtypes, such as Categorical.
.. deprecated:: 2.1.0
``convert_dtype`` has been deprecated. Do ``ser.astype(object).apply()``
instead if you want ``convert_dtype=False``.
args : tuple
Positional arguments passed to func after the series value.
by_row : False or "compat", default "compat"
If ``"compat"`` and func is a callable, func will be passed each element of
the Series, like ``Series.map``. If func is a list or dict of
callables, will first try to translate each func into pandas methods. If
that doesn't work, will try call to apply again with ``by_row="compat"``
and if that fails, will call apply again with ``by_row=False``
(backward compatible).
If False, the func will be passed the whole Series at once.
``by_row`` has no effect when ``func`` is a string.
.. versionadded:: 2.1.0
**kwargs
Additional keyword arguments passed to func.
Returns
-------
Series or DataFrame
If func returns a Series object the result will be a DataFrame.
See Also
--------
Series.map: For element-wise operations.
Series.agg: Only perform aggregating type operations.
Series.transform: Only perform transforming type operations.
Notes
-----
Functions that mutate the passed object can produce unexpected
behavior or errors and are not supported. See :ref:`gotchas.udf-mutation`
for more details.
Examples
--------
Create a series with typical summer temperatures for each city.
>>> s = pd.Series([20, 21, 12],
... index=['London', 'New York', 'Helsinki'])
>>> s
London 20
New York 21
Helsinki 12
dtype: int64
Square the values by defining a function and passing it as an
argument to ``apply()``.
>>> def square(x):
... return x ** 2
>>> s.apply(square)
London 400
New York 441
Helsinki 144
dtype: int64
Square the values by passing an anonymous function as an
argument to ``apply()``.
>>> s.apply(lambda x: x ** 2)
London 400
New York 441
Helsinki 144
dtype: int64
Define a custom function that needs additional positional
arguments and pass these additional arguments using the
``args`` keyword.
>>> def subtract_custom_value(x, custom_value):
... return x - custom_value
>>> s.apply(subtract_custom_value, args=(5,))
London 15
New York 16
Helsinki 7
dtype: int64
Define a custom function that takes keyword arguments
and pass these arguments to ``apply``.
>>> def add_custom_values(x, **kwargs):
... for month in kwargs:
... x += kwargs[month]
... return x
>>> s.apply(add_custom_values, june=30, july=20, august=25)
London 95
New York 96
Helsinki 87
dtype: int64
Use a function from the Numpy library.
>>> s.apply(np.log)
London 2.995732
New York 3.044522
Helsinki 2.484907
dtype: float64
"""
return SeriesApply(
self,
func,
convert_dtype=convert_dtype,
by_row=by_row,
args=args,
kwargs=kwargs,
).apply()
def _reindex_indexer(
self,
new_index: Index | None,
indexer: npt.NDArray[np.intp] | None,
copy: bool | None,
) -> Series:
# Note: new_index is None iff indexer is None
# if not None, indexer is np.intp
if indexer is None and (
new_index is None or new_index.names == self.index.names
):
if using_copy_on_write():
return self.copy(deep=copy)
if copy or copy is None:
return self.copy(deep=copy)
return self
new_values = algorithms.take_nd(
self._values, indexer, allow_fill=True, fill_value=None
)
return self._constructor(new_values, index=new_index, copy=False)
def _needs_reindex_multi(self, axes, method, level) -> bool:
"""
Check if we do need a multi reindex; this is for compat with
higher dims.
"""
return False
@overload
def rename(
self,
index: Renamer | Hashable | None = ...,
*,
axis: Axis | None = ...,
copy: bool = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
level: Level | None = ...,
errors: IgnoreRaise = ...,
) -> None:
...
@overload
def rename(
self,
index: Renamer | Hashable | None = ...,
*,
axis: Axis | None = ...,
copy: bool = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
level: Level | None = ...,
errors: IgnoreRaise = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def rename(
self,
index: Renamer | Hashable | None = ...,
*,
axis: Axis | None = ...,
copy: bool = ...,
inplace: bool = ...,
level: Level | None = ...,
errors: IgnoreRaise = ...,
) -> Series | None:
...
def rename(
self,
index: Renamer | Hashable | None = None,
*,
axis: Axis | None = None,
copy: bool | None = None,
inplace: bool = False,
level: Level | None = None,
errors: IgnoreRaise = "ignore",
) -> Series | None:
"""
Alter Series index labels or name.
Function / dict values must be unique (1-to-1). Labels not contained in
a dict / Series will be left as-is. Extra labels listed don't throw an
error.
Alternatively, change ``Series.name`` with a scalar value.
See the :ref:`user guide <basics.rename>` for more.
Parameters
----------
index : scalar, hashable sequence, dict-like or function optional
Functions or dict-like are transformations to apply to
the index.
Scalar or hashable sequence-like will alter the ``Series.name``
attribute.
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
copy : bool, default True
Also copy underlying data.
.. note::
The `copy` keyword will change behavior in pandas 3.0.
`Copy-on-Write
<https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/user_guide/copy_on_write.html>`__
will be enabled by default, which means that all methods with a
`copy` keyword will use a lazy copy mechanism to defer the copy and
ignore the `copy` keyword. The `copy` keyword will be removed in a
future version of pandas.
You can already get the future behavior and improvements through
enabling copy on write ``pd.options.mode.copy_on_write = True``
inplace : bool, default False
Whether to return a new Series. If True the value of copy is ignored.
level : int or level name, default None
In case of MultiIndex, only rename labels in the specified level.
errors : {'ignore', 'raise'}, default 'ignore'
If 'raise', raise `KeyError` when a `dict-like mapper` or
`index` contains labels that are not present in the index being transformed.
If 'ignore', existing keys will be renamed and extra keys will be ignored.
Returns
-------
Series or None
Series with index labels or name altered or None if ``inplace=True``.
See Also
--------
DataFrame.rename : Corresponding DataFrame method.
Series.rename_axis : Set the name of the axis.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s
0 1
1 2
2 3
dtype: int64
>>> s.rename("my_name") # scalar, changes Series.name
0 1
1 2
2 3
Name: my_name, dtype: int64
>>> s.rename(lambda x: x ** 2) # function, changes labels
0 1
1 2
4 3
dtype: int64
>>> s.rename({1: 3, 2: 5}) # mapping, changes labels
0 1
3 2
5 3
dtype: int64
"""
if axis is not None:
# Make sure we raise if an invalid 'axis' is passed.
axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
if callable(index) or is_dict_like(index):
# error: Argument 1 to "_rename" of "NDFrame" has incompatible
# type "Union[Union[Mapping[Any, Hashable], Callable[[Any],
# Hashable]], Hashable, None]"; expected "Union[Mapping[Any,
# Hashable], Callable[[Any], Hashable], None]"
return super()._rename(
index, # type: ignore[arg-type]
copy=copy,
inplace=inplace,
level=level,
errors=errors,
)
else:
return self._set_name(index, inplace=inplace, deep=copy)
@Appender(
"""
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> s
0 1
1 2
2 3
dtype: int64
>>> s.set_axis(['a', 'b', 'c'], axis=0)
a 1
b 2
c 3
dtype: int64
"""
)
@Substitution(
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
axes_single_arg=_shared_doc_kwargs["axes_single_arg"],
extended_summary_sub="",
axis_description_sub="",
see_also_sub="",
)
@Appender(NDFrame.set_axis.__doc__)
def set_axis(
self,
labels,
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
copy: bool | None = None,
) -> Series:
return super().set_axis(labels, axis=axis, copy=copy)
# error: Cannot determine type of 'reindex'
@doc(
NDFrame.reindex, # type: ignore[has-type]
klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"],
optional_reindex=_shared_doc_kwargs["optional_reindex"],
)
def reindex( # type: ignore[override]
self,
index=None,
*,
axis: Axis | None = None,
method: ReindexMethod | None = None,
copy: bool | None = None,
level: Level | None = None,
fill_value: Scalar | None = None,
limit: int | None = None,
tolerance=None,
) -> Series:
return super().reindex(
index=index,
method=method,
copy=copy,
level=level,
fill_value=fill_value,
limit=limit,
tolerance=tolerance,
)
@overload # type: ignore[override]
def rename_axis(
self,
mapper: IndexLabel | lib.NoDefault = ...,
*,
index=...,
axis: Axis = ...,
copy: bool = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
) -> None:
...
@overload
def rename_axis(
self,
mapper: IndexLabel | lib.NoDefault = ...,
*,
index=...,
axis: Axis = ...,
copy: bool = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
) -> Self:
...
@overload
def rename_axis(
self,
mapper: IndexLabel | lib.NoDefault = ...,
*,
index=...,
axis: Axis = ...,
copy: bool = ...,
inplace: bool = ...,
) -> Self | None:
...
@doc(NDFrame.rename_axis)
def rename_axis(
self,
mapper: IndexLabel | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
*,
index=lib.no_default,
axis: Axis = 0,
copy: bool = True,
inplace: bool = False,
) -> Self | None:
return super().rename_axis(
mapper=mapper,
index=index,
axis=axis,
copy=copy,
inplace=inplace,
)
@overload
def drop(
self,
labels: IndexLabel = ...,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
index: IndexLabel = ...,
columns: IndexLabel = ...,
level: Level | None = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
errors: IgnoreRaise = ...,
) -> None:
...
@overload
def drop(
self,
labels: IndexLabel = ...,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
index: IndexLabel = ...,
columns: IndexLabel = ...,
level: Level | None = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
errors: IgnoreRaise = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def drop(
self,
labels: IndexLabel = ...,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
index: IndexLabel = ...,
columns: IndexLabel = ...,
level: Level | None = ...,
inplace: bool = ...,
errors: IgnoreRaise = ...,
) -> Series | None:
...
def drop(
self,
labels: IndexLabel | None = None,
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
index: IndexLabel | None = None,
columns: IndexLabel | None = None,
level: Level | None = None,
inplace: bool = False,
errors: IgnoreRaise = "raise",
) -> Series | None:
"""
Return Series with specified index labels removed.
Remove elements of a Series based on specifying the index labels.
When using a multi-index, labels on different levels can be removed
by specifying the level.
Parameters
----------
labels : single label or list-like
Index labels to drop.
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
index : single label or list-like
Redundant for application on Series, but 'index' can be used instead
of 'labels'.
columns : single label or list-like
No change is made to the Series; use 'index' or 'labels' instead.
level : int or level name, optional
For MultiIndex, level for which the labels will be removed.
inplace : bool, default False
If True, do operation inplace and return None.
errors : {'ignore', 'raise'}, default 'raise'
If 'ignore', suppress error and only existing labels are dropped.
Returns
-------
Series or None
Series with specified index labels removed or None if ``inplace=True``.
Raises
------
KeyError
If none of the labels are found in the index.
See Also
--------
Series.reindex : Return only specified index labels of Series.
Series.dropna : Return series without null values.
Series.drop_duplicates : Return Series with duplicate values removed.
DataFrame.drop : Drop specified labels from rows or columns.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(data=np.arange(3), index=['A', 'B', 'C'])
>>> s
A 0
B 1
C 2
dtype: int64
Drop labels B en C
>>> s.drop(labels=['B', 'C'])
A 0
dtype: int64
Drop 2nd level label in MultiIndex Series
>>> midx = pd.MultiIndex(levels=[['llama', 'cow', 'falcon'],
... ['speed', 'weight', 'length']],
... codes=[[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
... [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]])
>>> s = pd.Series([45, 200, 1.2, 30, 250, 1.5, 320, 1, 0.3],
... index=midx)
>>> s
llama speed 45.0
weight 200.0
length 1.2
cow speed 30.0
weight 250.0
length 1.5
falcon speed 320.0
weight 1.0
length 0.3
dtype: float64
>>> s.drop(labels='weight', level=1)
llama speed 45.0
length 1.2
cow speed 30.0
length 1.5
falcon speed 320.0
length 0.3
dtype: float64
"""
return super().drop(
labels=labels,
axis=axis,
index=index,
columns=columns,
level=level,
inplace=inplace,
errors=errors,
)
def pop(self, item: Hashable) -> Any:
"""
Return item and drops from series. Raise KeyError if not found.
Parameters
----------
item : label
Index of the element that needs to be removed.
Returns
-------
Value that is popped from series.
Examples
--------
>>> ser = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
>>> ser.pop(0)
1
>>> ser
1 2
2 3
dtype: int64
"""
return super().pop(item=item)
@doc(INFO_DOCSTRING, **series_sub_kwargs)
def info(
self,
verbose: bool | None = None,
buf: IO[str] | None = None,
max_cols: int | None = None,
memory_usage: bool | str | None = None,
show_counts: bool = True,
) -> None:
return SeriesInfo(self, memory_usage).render(
buf=buf,
max_cols=max_cols,
verbose=verbose,
show_counts=show_counts,
)
# TODO(3.0): this can be removed once GH#33302 deprecation is enforced
def _replace_single(self, to_replace, method: str, inplace: bool, limit):
"""
Replaces values in a Series using the fill method specified when no
replacement value is given in the replace method
"""
result = self if inplace else self.copy()
values = result._values
mask = missing.mask_missing(values, to_replace)
if isinstance(values, ExtensionArray):
# dispatch to the EA's _pad_mask_inplace method
values._fill_mask_inplace(method, limit, mask)
else:
fill_f = missing.get_fill_func(method)
fill_f(values, limit=limit, mask=mask)
if inplace:
return
return result
def memory_usage(self, index: bool = True, deep: bool = False) -> int:
"""
Return the memory usage of the Series.
The memory usage can optionally include the contribution of
the index and of elements of `object` dtype.
Parameters
----------
index : bool, default True
Specifies whether to include the memory usage of the Series index.
deep : bool, default False
If True, introspect the data deeply by interrogating
`object` dtypes for system-level memory consumption, and include
it in the returned value.
Returns
-------
int
Bytes of memory consumed.
See Also
--------
numpy.ndarray.nbytes : Total bytes consumed by the elements of the
array.
DataFrame.memory_usage : Bytes consumed by a DataFrame.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(range(3))
>>> s.memory_usage()
152
Not including the index gives the size of the rest of the data, which
is necessarily smaller:
>>> s.memory_usage(index=False)
24
The memory footprint of `object` values is ignored by default:
>>> s = pd.Series(["a", "b"])
>>> s.values
array(['a', 'b'], dtype=object)
>>> s.memory_usage()
144
>>> s.memory_usage(deep=True)
244
"""
v = self._memory_usage(deep=deep)
if index:
v += self.index.memory_usage(deep=deep)
return v
def isin(self, values) -> Series:
"""
Whether elements in Series are contained in `values`.
Return a boolean Series showing whether each element in the Series
matches an element in the passed sequence of `values` exactly.
Parameters
----------
values : set or list-like
The sequence of values to test. Passing in a single string will
raise a ``TypeError``. Instead, turn a single string into a
list of one element.
Returns
-------
Series
Series of booleans indicating if each element is in values.
Raises
------
TypeError
* If `values` is a string
See Also
--------
DataFrame.isin : Equivalent method on DataFrame.
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series(['llama', 'cow', 'llama', 'beetle', 'llama',
... 'hippo'], name='animal')
>>> s.isin(['cow', 'llama'])
0 True
1 True
2 True
3 False
4 True
5 False
Name: animal, dtype: bool
To invert the boolean values, use the ``~`` operator:
>>> ~s.isin(['cow', 'llama'])
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 True
4 False
5 True
Name: animal, dtype: bool
Passing a single string as ``s.isin('llama')`` will raise an error. Use
a list of one element instead:
>>> s.isin(['llama'])
0 True
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 True
5 False
Name: animal, dtype: bool
Strings and integers are distinct and are therefore not comparable:
>>> pd.Series([1]).isin(['1'])
0 False
dtype: bool
>>> pd.Series([1.1]).isin(['1.1'])
0 False
dtype: bool
"""
result = algorithms.isin(self._values, values)
return self._constructor(result, index=self.index, copy=False).__finalize__(
self, method="isin"
)
def between(
self,
left,
right,
inclusive: Literal["both", "neither", "left", "right"] = "both",
) -> Series:
"""
Return boolean Series equivalent to left <= series <= right.
This function returns a boolean vector containing `True` wherever the
corresponding Series element is between the boundary values `left` and
`right`. NA values are treated as `False`.
Parameters
----------
left : scalar or list-like
Left boundary.
right : scalar or list-like
Right boundary.
inclusive : {"both", "neither", "left", "right"}
Include boundaries. Whether to set each bound as closed or open.
.. versionchanged:: 1.3.0
Returns
-------
Series
Series representing whether each element is between left and
right (inclusive).
See Also
--------
Series.gt : Greater than of series and other.
Series.lt : Less than of series and other.
Notes
-----
This function is equivalent to ``(left <= ser) & (ser <= right)``
Examples
--------
>>> s = pd.Series([2, 0, 4, 8, np.nan])
Boundary values are included by default:
>>> s.between(1, 4)
0 True
1 False
2 True
3 False
4 False
dtype: bool
With `inclusive` set to ``"neither"`` boundary values are excluded:
>>> s.between(1, 4, inclusive="neither")
0 True
1 False
2 False
3 False
4 False
dtype: bool
`left` and `right` can be any scalar value:
>>> s = pd.Series(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carol', 'Eve'])
>>> s.between('Anna', 'Daniel')
0 False
1 True
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
"""
if inclusive == "both":
lmask = self >= left
rmask = self <= right
elif inclusive == "left":
lmask = self >= left
rmask = self < right
elif inclusive == "right":
lmask = self > left
rmask = self <= right
elif inclusive == "neither":
lmask = self > left
rmask = self < right
else:
raise ValueError(
"Inclusive has to be either string of 'both',"
"'left', 'right', or 'neither'."
)
return lmask & rmask
def case_when(
self,
caselist: list[
tuple[
ArrayLike | Callable[[Series], Series | np.ndarray | Sequence[bool]],
ArrayLike | Scalar | Callable[[Series], Series | np.ndarray],
],
],
) -> Series:
"""
Replace values where the conditions are True.
Parameters
----------
caselist : A list of tuples of conditions and expected replacements
Takes the form: ``(condition0, replacement0)``,
``(condition1, replacement1)``, ... .
``condition`` should be a 1-D boolean array-like object
or a callable. If ``condition`` is a callable,
it is computed on the Series
and should return a boolean Series or array.
The callable must not change the input Series
(though pandas doesn`t check it). ``replacement`` should be a
1-D array-like object, a scalar or a callable.
If ``replacement`` is a callable, it is computed on the Series
and should return a scalar or Series. The callable
must not change the input Series
(though pandas doesn`t check it).
.. versionadded:: 2.2.0
Returns
-------
Series
See Also
--------
Series.mask : Replace values where the condition is True.
Examples
--------
>>> c = pd.Series([6, 7, 8, 9], name='c')
>>> a = pd.Series([0, 0, 1, 2])
>>> b = pd.Series([0, 3, 4, 5])
>>> c.case_when(caselist=[(a.gt(0), a), # condition, replacement
... (b.gt(0), b)])
0 6
1 3
2 1
3 2
Name: c, dtype: int64
"""
if not isinstance(caselist, list):
raise TypeError(
f"The caselist argument should be a list; instead got {type(caselist)}"
)
if not caselist:
raise ValueError(
"provide at least one boolean condition, "
"with a corresponding replacement."
)
for num, entry in enumerate(caselist):
if not isinstance(entry, tuple):
raise TypeError(
f"Argument {num} must be a tuple; instead got {type(entry)}."
)
if len(entry) != 2:
raise ValueError(
f"Argument {num} must have length 2; "
"a condition and replacement; "
f"instead got length {len(entry)}."
)
caselist = [
(
com.apply_if_callable(condition, self),
com.apply_if_callable(replacement, self),
)
for condition, replacement in caselist
]
default = self.copy()
conditions, replacements = zip(*caselist)
common_dtypes = [infer_dtype_from(arg)[0] for arg in [*replacements, default]]
if len(set(common_dtypes)) > 1:
common_dtype = find_common_type(common_dtypes)
updated_replacements = []
for condition, replacement in zip(conditions, replacements):
if is_scalar(replacement):
replacement = construct_1d_arraylike_from_scalar(
value=replacement, length=len(condition), dtype=common_dtype
)
elif isinstance(replacement, ABCSeries):
replacement = replacement.astype(common_dtype)
else:
replacement = pd_array(replacement, dtype=common_dtype)
updated_replacements.append(replacement)
replacements = updated_replacements
default = default.astype(common_dtype)
counter = reversed(range(len(conditions)))
for position, condition, replacement in zip(
counter, conditions[::-1], replacements[::-1]
):
try:
default = default.mask(
condition, other=replacement, axis=0, inplace=False, level=None
)
except Exception as error:
raise ValueError(
f"Failed to apply condition{position} and replacement{position}."
) from error
return default
# error: Cannot determine type of 'isna'
@doc(NDFrame.isna, klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"]) # type: ignore[has-type]
def isna(self) -> Series:
return NDFrame.isna(self)
# error: Cannot determine type of 'isna'
@doc(NDFrame.isna, klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"]) # type: ignore[has-type]
def isnull(self) -> Series:
"""
Series.isnull is an alias for Series.isna.
"""
return super().isnull()
# error: Cannot determine type of 'notna'
@doc(NDFrame.notna, klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"]) # type: ignore[has-type]
def notna(self) -> Series:
return super().notna()
# error: Cannot determine type of 'notna'
@doc(NDFrame.notna, klass=_shared_doc_kwargs["klass"]) # type: ignore[has-type]
def notnull(self) -> Series:
"""
Series.notnull is an alias for Series.notna.
"""
return super().notnull()
@overload
def dropna(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
how: AnyAll | None = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
) -> Series:
...
@overload
def dropna(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = ...,
inplace: Literal[True],
how: AnyAll | None = ...,
ignore_index: bool = ...,
) -> None:
...
def dropna(
self,
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
inplace: bool = False,
how: AnyAll | None = None,
ignore_index: bool = False,
) -> Series | None:
"""
Return a new Series with missing values removed.
See the :ref:`User Guide <missing_data>` for more on which values are
considered missing, and how to work with missing data.
Parameters
----------
axis : {0 or 'index'}
Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame.
inplace : bool, default False
If True, do operation inplace and return None.
how : str, optional
Not in use. Kept for compatibility.
ignore_index : bool, default ``False``
If ``True``, the resulting axis will be labeled 0, 1, …, n - 1.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
Returns
-------
Series or None
Series with NA entries dropped from it or None if ``inplace=True``.
See Also
--------
Series.isna: Indicate missing values.
Series.notna : Indicate existing (non-missing) values.
Series.fillna : Replace missing values.
DataFrame.dropna : Drop rows or columns which contain NA values.
Index.dropna : Drop missing indices.
Examples
--------
>>> ser = pd.Series([1., 2., np.nan])
>>> ser
0 1.0
1 2.0
2 NaN
dtype: float64
Drop NA values from a Series.
>>> ser.dropna()
0 1.0
1 2.0
dtype: float64
Empty strings are not considered NA values. ``None`` is considered an
NA value.
>>> ser = pd.Series([np.nan, 2, pd.NaT, '', None, 'I stay'])
>>> ser
0 NaN
1 2
2 NaT
3
4 None
5 I stay
dtype: object
>>> ser.dropna()
1 2
3
5 I stay
dtype: object
"""
inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
ignore_index = validate_bool_kwarg(ignore_index, "ignore_index")
# Validate the axis parameter
self._get_axis_number(axis or 0)
if self._can_hold_na:
result = remove_na_arraylike(self)
else:
if not inplace:
result = self.copy(deep=None)
else:
result = self
if ignore_index:
result.index = default_index(len(result))
if inplace:
return self._update_inplace(result)
else:
return result
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Time series-oriented methods
def to_timestamp(
self,
freq: Frequency | None = None,
how: Literal["s", "e", "start", "end"] = "start",
copy: bool | None = None,
) -> Series:
"""
Cast to DatetimeIndex of Timestamps, at *beginning* of period.
Parameters
----------
freq : str, default frequency of PeriodIndex
Desired frequency.
how : {'s', 'e', 'start', 'end'}
Convention for converting period to timestamp; start of period
vs. end.
copy : bool, default True
Whether or not to return a copy.
.. note::
The `copy` keyword will change behavior in pandas 3.0.
`Copy-on-Write
<https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/user_guide/copy_on_write.html>`__
will be enabled by default, which means that all methods with a
`copy` keyword will use a lazy copy mechanism to defer the copy and
ignore the `copy` keyword. The `copy` keyword will be removed in a
future version of pandas.
You can already get the future behavior and improvements through
enabling copy on write ``pd.options.mode.copy_on_write = True``
Returns
-------
Series with DatetimeIndex
Examples
--------
>>> idx = pd.PeriodIndex(['2023', '2024', '2025'], freq='Y')
>>> s1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=idx)
>>> s1
2023 1
2024 2
2025 3
Freq: Y-DEC, dtype: int64
The resulting frequency of the Timestamps is `YearBegin`
>>> s1 = s1.to_timestamp()
>>> s1
2023-01-01 1
2024-01-01 2
2025-01-01 3
Freq: YS-JAN, dtype: int64
Using `freq` which is the offset that the Timestamps will have
>>> s2 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=idx)
>>> s2 = s2.to_timestamp(freq='M')
>>> s2
2023-01-31 1
2024-01-31 2
2025-01-31 3
Freq: YE-JAN, dtype: int64
"""
if not isinstance(self.index, PeriodIndex):
raise TypeError(f"unsupported Type {type(self.index).__name__}")
new_obj = self.copy(deep=copy and not using_copy_on_write())
new_index = self.index.to_timestamp(freq=freq, how=how)
setattr(new_obj, "index", new_index)
return new_obj
def to_period(self, freq: str | None = None, copy: bool | None = None) -> Series:
"""
Convert Series from DatetimeIndex to PeriodIndex.
Parameters
----------
freq : str, default None
Frequency associated with the PeriodIndex.
copy : bool, default True
Whether or not to return a copy.
.. note::
The `copy` keyword will change behavior in pandas 3.0.
`Copy-on-Write
<https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/user_guide/copy_on_write.html>`__
will be enabled by default, which means that all methods with a
`copy` keyword will use a lazy copy mechanism to defer the copy and
ignore the `copy` keyword. The `copy` keyword will be removed in a
future version of pandas.
You can already get the future behavior and improvements through
enabling copy on write ``pd.options.mode.copy_on_write = True``
Returns
-------
Series
Series with index converted to PeriodIndex.
Examples
--------
>>> idx = pd.DatetimeIndex(['2023', '2024', '2025'])
>>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=idx)
>>> s = s.to_period()
>>> s
2023 1
2024 2
2025 3
Freq: Y-DEC, dtype: int64
Viewing the index
>>> s.index
PeriodIndex(['2023', '2024', '2025'], dtype='period[Y-DEC]')
"""
if not isinstance(self.index, DatetimeIndex):
raise TypeError(f"unsupported Type {type(self.index).__name__}")
new_obj = self.copy(deep=copy and not using_copy_on_write())
new_index = self.index.to_period(freq=freq)
setattr(new_obj, "index", new_index)
return new_obj
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add index
_AXIS_ORDERS: list[Literal["index", "columns"]] = ["index"]
_AXIS_LEN = len(_AXIS_ORDERS)
_info_axis_number: Literal[0] = 0
_info_axis_name: Literal["index"] = "index"
index = properties.AxisProperty(
axis=0,
doc="""
The index (axis labels) of the Series.
The index of a Series is used to label and identify each element of the
underlying data. The index can be thought of as an immutable ordered set
(technically a multi-set, as it may contain duplicate labels), and is
used to index and align data in pandas.
Returns
-------
Index
The index labels of the Series.
See Also
--------
Series.reindex : Conform Series to new index.
Index : The base pandas index type.
Notes
-----
For more information on pandas indexing, see the `indexing user guide
<https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/user_guide/indexing.html>`__.
Examples
--------
To create a Series with a custom index and view the index labels:
>>> cities = ['Kolkata', 'Chicago', 'Toronto', 'Lisbon']
>>> populations = [14.85, 2.71, 2.93, 0.51]
>>> city_series = pd.Series(populations, index=cities)
>>> city_series.index
Index(['Kolkata', 'Chicago', 'Toronto', 'Lisbon'], dtype='object')
To change the index labels of an existing Series:
>>> city_series.index = ['KOL', 'CHI', 'TOR', 'LIS']
>>> city_series.index
Index(['KOL', 'CHI', 'TOR', 'LIS'], dtype='object')
""",
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Accessor Methods
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
str = CachedAccessor("str", StringMethods)
dt = CachedAccessor("dt", CombinedDatetimelikeProperties)
cat = CachedAccessor("cat", CategoricalAccessor)
plot = CachedAccessor("plot", pandas.plotting.PlotAccessor)
sparse = CachedAccessor("sparse", SparseAccessor)
struct = CachedAccessor("struct", StructAccessor)
list = CachedAccessor("list", ListAccessor)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add plotting methods to Series
hist = pandas.plotting.hist_series
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template-Based Arithmetic/Comparison Methods
def _cmp_method(self, other, op):
res_name = ops.get_op_result_name(self, other)
if isinstance(other, Series) and not self._indexed_same(other):
raise ValueError("Can only compare identically-labeled Series objects")
lvalues = self._values
rvalues = extract_array(other, extract_numpy=True, extract_range=True)
res_values = ops.comparison_op(lvalues, rvalues, op)
return self._construct_result(res_values, name=res_name)
def _logical_method(self, other, op):
res_name = ops.get_op_result_name(self, other)
self, other = self._align_for_op(other, align_asobject=True)
lvalues = self._values
rvalues = extract_array(other, extract_numpy=True, extract_range=True)
res_values = ops.logical_op(lvalues, rvalues, op)
return self._construct_result(res_values, name=res_name)
def _arith_method(self, other, op):
self, other = self._align_for_op(other)
return base.IndexOpsMixin._arith_method(self, other, op)
def _align_for_op(self, right, align_asobject: bool = False):
"""align lhs and rhs Series"""
# TODO: Different from DataFrame._align_for_op, list, tuple and ndarray
# are not coerced here
# because Series has inconsistencies described in GH#13637
left = self
if isinstance(right, Series):
# avoid repeated alignment
if not left.index.equals(right.index):
if align_asobject:
if left.dtype not in (object, np.bool_) or right.dtype not in (
object,
np.bool_,
):
warnings.warn(
"Operation between non boolean Series with different "
"indexes will no longer return a boolean result in "
"a future version. Cast both Series to object type "
"to maintain the prior behavior.",
FutureWarning,
stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
)
# to keep original value's dtype for bool ops
left = left.astype(object)
right = right.astype(object)
left, right = left.align(right, copy=False)
return left, right
def _binop(self, other: Series, func, level=None, fill_value=None) -> Series:
"""
Perform generic binary operation with optional fill value.
Parameters
----------
other : Series
func : binary operator
fill_value : float or object
Value to substitute for NA/null values. If both Series are NA in a
location, the result will be NA regardless of the passed fill value.
level : int or level name, default None
Broadcast across a level, matching Index values on the
passed MultiIndex level.
Returns
-------
Series
"""
this = self
if not self.index.equals(other.index):
this, other = self.align(other, level=level, join="outer", copy=False)
this_vals, other_vals = ops.fill_binop(this._values, other._values, fill_value)
with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
result = func(this_vals, other_vals)
name = ops.get_op_result_name(self, other)
out = this._construct_result(result, name)
return cast(Series, out)
def _construct_result(
self, result: ArrayLike | tuple[ArrayLike, ArrayLike], name: Hashable
) -> Series | tuple[Series, Series]:
"""
Construct an appropriately-labelled Series from the result of an op.
Parameters
----------
result : ndarray or ExtensionArray
name : Label
Returns
-------
Series
In the case of __divmod__ or __rdivmod__, a 2-tuple of Series.
"""
if isinstance(result, tuple):
# produced by divmod or rdivmod
res1 = self._construct_result(result[0], name=name)
res2 = self._construct_result(result[1], name=name)
# GH#33427 assertions to keep mypy happy
assert isinstance(res1, Series)
assert isinstance(res2, Series)
return (res1, res2)
# TODO: result should always be ArrayLike, but this fails for some
# JSONArray tests
dtype = getattr(result, "dtype", None)
out = self._constructor(result, index=self.index, dtype=dtype, copy=False)
out = out.__finalize__(self)
# Set the result's name after __finalize__ is called because __finalize__
# would set it back to self.name
out.name = name
return out
def _flex_method(self, other, op, *, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0):
if axis is not None:
self._get_axis_number(axis)
res_name = ops.get_op_result_name(self, other)
if isinstance(other, Series):
return self._binop(other, op, level=level, fill_value=fill_value)
elif isinstance(other, (np.ndarray, list, tuple)):
if len(other) != len(self):
raise ValueError("Lengths must be equal")
other = self._constructor(other, self.index, copy=False)
result = self._binop(other, op, level=level, fill_value=fill_value)
result._name = res_name
return result
else:
if fill_value is not None:
if isna(other):
return op(self, fill_value)
self = self.fillna(fill_value)
return op(self, other)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("eq", "series"))
def eq(
self,
other,
level: Level | None = None,
fill_value: float | None = None,
axis: Axis = 0,
) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.eq, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("ne", "series"))
def ne(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.ne, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("le", "series"))
def le(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.le, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("lt", "series"))
def lt(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.lt, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("ge", "series"))
def ge(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.ge, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("gt", "series"))
def gt(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.gt, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("add", "series"))
def add(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.add, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("radd", "series"))
def radd(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.radd, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("sub", "series"))
def sub(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.sub, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
subtract = sub
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rsub", "series"))
def rsub(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rsub, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("mul", "series"))
def mul(
self,
other,
level: Level | None = None,
fill_value: float | None = None,
axis: Axis = 0,
) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.mul, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
multiply = mul
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rmul", "series"))
def rmul(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rmul, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("truediv", "series"))
def truediv(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.truediv, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
div = truediv
divide = truediv
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rtruediv", "series"))
def rtruediv(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rtruediv, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
rdiv = rtruediv
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("floordiv", "series"))
def floordiv(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.floordiv, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rfloordiv", "series"))
def rfloordiv(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rfloordiv, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("mod", "series"))
def mod(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.mod, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rmod", "series"))
def rmod(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rmod, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("pow", "series"))
def pow(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, operator.pow, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rpow", "series"))
def rpow(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rpow, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("divmod", "series"))
def divmod(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, divmod, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
@Appender(ops.make_flex_doc("rdivmod", "series"))
def rdivmod(self, other, level=None, fill_value=None, axis: Axis = 0) -> Series:
return self._flex_method(
other, roperator.rdivmod, level=level, fill_value=fill_value, axis=axis
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Reductions
def _reduce(
self,
op,
# error: Variable "pandas.core.series.Series.str" is not valid as a type
name: str, # type: ignore[valid-type]
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
filter_type=None,
**kwds,
):
"""
Perform a reduction operation.
If we have an ndarray as a value, then simply perform the operation,
otherwise delegate to the object.
"""
delegate = self._values
if axis is not None:
self._get_axis_number(axis)
if isinstance(delegate, ExtensionArray):
# dispatch to ExtensionArray interface
return delegate._reduce(name, skipna=skipna, **kwds)
else:
# dispatch to numpy arrays
if numeric_only and self.dtype.kind not in "iufcb":
# i.e. not is_numeric_dtype(self.dtype)
kwd_name = "numeric_only"
if name in ["any", "all"]:
kwd_name = "bool_only"
# GH#47500 - change to TypeError to match other methods
raise TypeError(
f"Series.{name} does not allow {kwd_name}={numeric_only} "
"with non-numeric dtypes."
)
return op(delegate, skipna=skipna, **kwds)
@Appender(make_doc("any", ndim=1))
# error: Signature of "any" incompatible with supertype "NDFrame"
def any( # type: ignore[override]
self,
*,
axis: Axis = 0,
bool_only: bool = False,
skipna: bool = True,
**kwargs,
) -> bool:
nv.validate_logical_func((), kwargs, fname="any")
validate_bool_kwarg(skipna, "skipna", none_allowed=False)
return self._reduce(
nanops.nanany,
name="any",
axis=axis,
numeric_only=bool_only,
skipna=skipna,
filter_type="bool",
)
@Appender(make_doc("all", ndim=1))
def all(
self,
axis: Axis = 0,
bool_only: bool = False,
skipna: bool = True,
**kwargs,
) -> bool:
nv.validate_logical_func((), kwargs, fname="all")
validate_bool_kwarg(skipna, "skipna", none_allowed=False)
return self._reduce(
nanops.nanall,
name="all",
axis=axis,
numeric_only=bool_only,
skipna=skipna,
filter_type="bool",
)
@doc(make_doc("min", ndim=1))
def min(
self,
axis: Axis | None = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.min(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("max", ndim=1))
def max(
self,
axis: Axis | None = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.max(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("sum", ndim=1))
def sum(
self,
axis: Axis | None = None,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
min_count: int = 0,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.sum(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, min_count, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("prod", ndim=1))
def prod(
self,
axis: Axis | None = None,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
min_count: int = 0,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.prod(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, min_count, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("mean", ndim=1))
def mean(
self,
axis: Axis | None = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.mean(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("median", ndim=1))
def median(
self,
axis: Axis | None = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.median(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("sem", ndim=1))
def sem(
self,
axis: Axis | None = None,
skipna: bool = True,
ddof: int = 1,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.sem(self, axis, skipna, ddof, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("var", ndim=1))
def var(
self,
axis: Axis | None = None,
skipna: bool = True,
ddof: int = 1,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.var(self, axis, skipna, ddof, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("std", ndim=1))
def std(
self,
axis: Axis | None = None,
skipna: bool = True,
ddof: int = 1,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.std(self, axis, skipna, ddof, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("skew", ndim=1))
def skew(
self,
axis: Axis | None = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.skew(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("kurt", ndim=1))
def kurt(
self,
axis: Axis | None = 0,
skipna: bool = True,
numeric_only: bool = False,
**kwargs,
):
return NDFrame.kurt(self, axis, skipna, numeric_only, **kwargs)
kurtosis = kurt
product = prod
@doc(make_doc("cummin", ndim=1))
def cummin(self, axis: Axis | None = None, skipna: bool = True, *args, **kwargs):
return NDFrame.cummin(self, axis, skipna, *args, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("cummax", ndim=1))
def cummax(self, axis: Axis | None = None, skipna: bool = True, *args, **kwargs):
return NDFrame.cummax(self, axis, skipna, *args, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("cumsum", ndim=1))
def cumsum(self, axis: Axis | None = None, skipna: bool = True, *args, **kwargs):
return NDFrame.cumsum(self, axis, skipna, *args, **kwargs)
@doc(make_doc("cumprod", 1))
def cumprod(self, axis: Axis | None = None, skipna: bool = True, *args, **kwargs):
return NDFrame.cumprod(self, axis, skipna, *args, **kwargs)
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