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middlewares.py

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+from scrapy import signals
+from fake_useragent import UserAgent
+from settings import USER_AGENT_LIST, BASE_DIR
+import random
+from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
+import os
+import pickle
+from libs.proxy import Fetch_Proxy
+
+
+class ZhihuSpiderMiddleware(object):
+    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
+    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
+    # passed objects.
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
+        s = cls()
+        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
+        return s
+
+    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
+        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
+        # middleware and into the spider.
+
+        # Should return None or raise an exception.
+        return None
+
+    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
+        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
+        # it has processed the response.
+
+        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
+        for i in result:
+            yield i
+
+    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
+        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
+        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
+
+        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
+        # or Item objects.
+        pass
+
+    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
+        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
+        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
+        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.
+
+        # Must return only requests (not items).
+        for r in start_requests:
+            yield r
+
+    def spider_opened(self, spider):
+        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
+
+
+class ZhihuDownloaderMiddleware(object):
+    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
+    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
+    # passed objects.
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
+        s = cls()
+        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
+        return s
+
+    def process_request(self, request, spider):
+        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
+        # middleware.
+
+        # Must either:
+        # - return None: continue processing this request
+        # - or return a Response object
+        # - or return a Request object
+        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
+        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
+        return None
+
+    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
+        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.
+
+        # Must either;
+        # - return a Response object
+        # - return a Request object
+        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
+        return response
+
+    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
+        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
+        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
+
+        # Must either:
+        # - return None: continue processing this exception
+        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
+        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
+        pass
+
+    def spider_opened(self, spider):
+        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
+
+
+class RandomUserAgentDownloaderMiddleware(object):
+    '''
+        randomly generated user-agent
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, crawler):
+        # self.user_agent = UserAgent()
+        self.user_agent_list = crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST', [])
+        super().__init__()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+        '''
+            get crawler
+        '''
+        return cls(crawler)
+
+    def process_request(self, request, spider):
+        '''
+            process request --> add random user-agent to request's headers
+        '''
+        user_agent = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
+        print("Using User-Agent: ", user_agent)
+        request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", user_agent)
+
+
+class ProxyDownloaderMiddleware(object):
+    '''
+        设置IP代理
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, crawler):
+        self.fetch = Fetch_Proxy()
+        super().__init__()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+        '''
+            自己写Middleware必须实现的函数，manager会自主调用
+        '''
+        return cls(crawler)
+
+    def process_request(self, request, spider):
+        '''
+            process request --> add random user-agent to request's headers
+        '''
+        proxy = self.fetch.get_random_ip()
+        print("Using proxy: ", proxy)
+        request.meta["proxy"] = "http://" + proxy
+
+
+class RedirectDealDownloaderMiddleware(object):
+    '''
+        处理知乎302重定向问题以及最初cookies传递问题
+    '''
+    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
+        '''
+            deal with 302
+        '''
+        if response.status == 302 and 'signup' in response.url:
+            cookies = spider.get_cookies()
+            cookies_dict = {}
+            for cookie in cookies:
+                cookies_dict[cookie["name"]] = cookie["value"]
+
+            headers = {
+                'set-cookie': cookies_dict
+            }
+            return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,
+                                encoding='utf8', request=request, headers=headers)
+        if 'signin' in response.url:
+            cookies = []
+            if os.path.exists(BASE_DIR+'/Zhihu/cookies/zhihu.cookies'):
+                cookies = pickle.load(open(BASE_DIR+'/Zhihu/cookies/zhihu.cookies', 'rb'))
+
+            if not cookies:
+                cookies = spider.get_cookies()
+
+            cookies_dict = {}
+            for cookie in cookies:
+                cookies_dict[cookie["name"]] = cookie["value"]
+
+            headers = {
+                'set-cookie': cookies_dict
+            }
+            return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,
+                                encoding='utf8', request=request, headers=headers)
+        return response