from scrapy import signals from fake_useragent import UserAgent from settings import USER_AGENT_LIST, BASE_DIR import random from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse import os import pickle from libs.proxy import Fetch_Proxy class ZhihuSpiderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the # passed objects. @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders. s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_spider_input(self, response, spider): # Called for each response that goes through the spider # middleware and into the spider. # Should return None or raise an exception. return None def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider): # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after # it has processed the response. # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects. for i in result: yield i def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider): # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception. # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict # or Item objects. pass def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider): # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except # that it doesn’t have a response associated. # Must return only requests (not items). for r in start_requests: yield r def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name) class ZhihuDownloaderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the # passed objects. @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders. s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_request(self, request, spider): # Called for each request that goes through the downloader # middleware. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this request # - or return a Response object # - or return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of # installed downloader middleware will be called return None def process_response(self, request, response, spider): # Called with the response returned from the downloader. # Must either; # - return a Response object # - return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest return response def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider): # Called when a download handler or a process_request() # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this exception # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain pass def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name) class RandomUserAgentDownloaderMiddleware(object): ''' randomly generated user-agent ''' def __init__(self, crawler): # self.user_agent = UserAgent() self.user_agent_list = crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST', []) super().__init__() @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): ''' get crawler ''' return cls(crawler) def process_request(self, request, spider): ''' process request --> add random user-agent to request's headers ''' user_agent = random.choice(self.user_agent_list) print("Using User-Agent: ", user_agent) request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", user_agent) class ProxyDownloaderMiddleware(object): ''' 设置IP代理 ''' def __init__(self, crawler): self.fetch = Fetch_Proxy() super().__init__() @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): ''' 自己写Middleware必须实现的函数,manager会自主调用 ''' return cls(crawler) def process_request(self, request, spider): ''' process request --> add random user-agent to request's headers ''' proxy = self.fetch.get_random_ip() print("Using proxy: ", proxy) request.meta["proxy"] = "http://" + proxy class RedirectDealDownloaderMiddleware(object): ''' 处理知乎302重定向问题以及最初cookies传递问题 ''' def process_response(self, request, response, spider): ''' deal with 302 ''' if response.status == 302 and 'signup' in response.url: cookies = spider.get_cookies() cookies_dict = {} for cookie in cookies: cookies_dict[cookie["name"]] = cookie["value"] headers = { 'set-cookie': cookies_dict } return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source, encoding='utf8', request=request, headers=headers) if 'signin' in response.url: cookies = [] if os.path.exists(BASE_DIR+'/Zhihu/cookies/zhihu.cookies'): cookies = pickle.load(open(BASE_DIR+'/Zhihu/cookies/zhihu.cookies', 'rb')) if not cookies: cookies = spider.get_cookies() cookies_dict = {} for cookie in cookies: cookies_dict[cookie["name"]] = cookie["value"] headers = { 'set-cookie': cookies_dict } return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source, encoding='utf8', request=request, headers=headers) return response