Image_Process/basic/image_enhance.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
from tkinter import Toplevel
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import numpy as np
import cv2
import os

# 全局变量定义
img_path = ""  # 用于存储图像路径
src = None  # 用于存储已选择的图像
X = None  # 用于存储第一张图像
Y = None  # 用于存储第二张图像
img_label = None  # 用于存储显示选择的图片的标签
edge = None  # 用于存储处理后的图像

GraylineWin = None  # 线性变换窗口
GraylogWin = None  # 对数变换窗口
EqualWin = None  # 直方图均衡化窗口
RegulWin = None  # 直方图正规化窗口

def select_image(root):
    """
    选择图像文件并显示在主窗口上
    """
    global img_path, src, img_label, edge

    # 打开文件选择对话框，选择图像文件
    img_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("Image files", "*.jpg;*.png;*.jpeg;*.bmp")])
    if img_path:
        img_path_fixed = os.path.normpath(img_path)  # 处理路径中的反斜杠

        # 读取并解码图像文件
        src_temp = cv2.imdecode(np.fromfile(img_path_fixed, dtype=np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
        if src_temp is None:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "无法读取图片，请选择有效的图片路径")
            return
        src = cv2.cvtColor(src_temp, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)  # 转换为 RGB 格式

        # 创建或更新图像标签
        if img_label is None or not img_label.winfo_exists():
            img_label = tk.Label(root)
            img_label.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=10)

        img = Image.open(img_path)
        img.thumbnail((160, 160))  # 缩略图
        img_tk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
        img_label.configure(image=img_tk)
        img_label.image = img_tk

        edge = Image.fromarray(src)  # 更新 edge 变量为 PIL.Image 对象
    else:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片路径")

def changeSize(event, img, LabelPic):
    """
    根据窗口尺寸调整图像大小并显示
    """
    img_aspect = img.shape[1] / img.shape[0]
    new_aspect = event.width / event.height

    if new_aspect > img_aspect:
        new_width = int(event.height * img_aspect)
        new_height = event.height
    else:
        new_width = event.width
        new_height = int(event.width / img_aspect)

    resized_image = cv2.resize(img, (new_width, new_height))
    image1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(resized_image))
    LabelPic.image = image1
    LabelPic['image'] = image1

def savefile():
    """
    保存处理后的图像
    """
    global edge

    filename = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".jpg", filetypes=[("JPEG files", "*.jpg"), ("PNG files", "*.png"), ("BMP files", "*.bmp")])
    if not filename:
        return
    if edge is not None:
        try:
            edge.save(filename)
            messagebox.showinfo("保存成功", "图片保存成功！")
        except Exception as e:
            messagebox.showerror("保存失败", f"无法保存图片: {e}")
    else:
        messagebox.showerror("保存失败", "没有图像可保存")

def line_tra(root):
    """
    进行线性变换
    """
    global src, GraylineWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选择图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    gray_src = cv2.cvtColor(src, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  # 转换为灰度图

    a = 20
    b = 241
    c = 0
    d = 255

    result = (d - c) / (b - a) * gray_src + (b * c - a * d) / (b - a)  # 线性变换公式

    edge = Image.fromarray(result)  # 更新 edge 变量

    # 创建或更新线性变换结果窗口
    try:
        GraylineWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        GraylineWin = Toplevel()
        GraylineWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    GraylineWin.geometry("360x300")
    GraylineWin.resizable(True, True)
    GraylineWin.title("线性变换结果")

    # 显示处理后的图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(GraylineWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(result))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, result, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    btn_save = tk.Button(GraylineWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

def log_tra(root):
    """
    进行对数变换
    """
    global src, GraylogWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选择图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    gray_src = cv2.cvtColor(src, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  # 转换为灰度图

    C = 255 / np.log(1 + 255)  # 对数变换常数
    result = np.array(C * np.log(1 + gray_src), np.float64)  # 对数变换公式

    edge = Image.fromarray(result)  # 更新 edge 变量

    # 创建或更新对数变换结果窗口
    try:
        GraylogWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        GraylogWin = Toplevel()
        GraylogWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    GraylogWin.geometry("360x300")
    GraylogWin.resizable(True, True)
    GraylogWin.title("对数变换结果")

    # 显示处理后的图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(GraylogWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(result))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, result, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    btn_save = tk.Button(GraylogWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

def equal(root):
    """
    进行直方图均衡化
    """
    global src, EqualWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选择图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    gray_src = cv2.cvtColor(src, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  # 转换为灰度图
    original_size = gray_src.shape  # 保存原始图像尺寸
    gray_src_resized = cv2.resize(gray_src, (256, 256))  # 图像放缩到 256 x 256
    hist = cv2.calcHist([gray_src_resized], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])  # 计算直方图
    equ_resized = cv2.equalizeHist(gray_src_resized)  # 均衡化
    equ = cv2.resize(equ_resized, (original_size[1], original_size[0]))  # 恢复均衡化后的图像到原始尺寸

    edge = Image.fromarray(equ)  # 更新 edge 变量

    # 创建或更新直方图均衡化结果窗口
    try:
        EqualWin.destroy()
    except Exception as e:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        EqualWin = Toplevel()
        EqualWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    EqualWin.geometry("360x300")
    EqualWin.resizable(True, True)
    EqualWin.title("直方图均衡化结果")

    # 显示处理后的图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(EqualWin, text="IMG", width=720, height=480)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(equ))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, equ, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    btn_save = tk.Button(EqualWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

def regul(root):
    """
    进行直方图正规化
    """
    global src, RegulWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选择图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    gray_src = cv2.cvtColor(src, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  # 转换为灰度图
    original_size = gray_src.shape  # 保存原始图像尺寸
    gray_src_resized = cv2.resize(gray_src, (256, 256))  # 图像放缩到 256 x 256
    hist = cv2.calcHist([gray_src_resized], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])  # 计算直方图
    cv2.normalize(hist, hist, alpha=0, beta=255, norm_type=cv2.NORM_MINMAX)  # 正规化
    result = np.zeros((256, 256), dtype=np.uint8)  # 初始化结果图像

    for i in range(256):
        result[gray_src_resized == i] = hist[i]  # 应用正规化直方图

    equ = cv2.resize(result, (original_size[1], original_size[0]))  # 恢复正规化后的图像到原始尺寸

    edge = Image.fromarray(equ)  # 更新 edge 变量

    # 创建或更新直方图正规化结果窗口
    try:
        RegulWin.destroy()
    except Exception as e:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        RegulWin = Toplevel()
        RegulWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    RegulWin.geometry("360x300")
    RegulWin.resizable(True, True)
    RegulWin.title("直方图正规化结果")

    # 显示处理后的图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(RegulWin, text="IMG", width=720, height=480)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(equ))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, equ, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    btn_save = tk.Button(RegulWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)