Image_Process/basic/digital_morphology.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
from tkinter import Toplevel
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import numpy as np
import cv2
import os

# 全局变量初始化
img_path = ""  # 用于存储图像路径
src = None  # 用于存储已选择的图像
img_label = None  # 用于存储显示选择的图片的标签
edge = None  # 用于存储处理后的图像以便保存

# 用于存储不同窗口的全局变量
CorrodeWin = None
DilaWin = None
OpenWin = None
CloseWin = None

def select_image(root):
    """
    选择并显示图像
    """
    global img_path, src, img_label

    # 打开文件选择对话框
    img_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("Image files", "*.jpg;*.png;*.jpeg;*.bmp")])
    if img_path:
        # 确保路径中的反斜杠正确处理，并使用 UTF-8 编码处理中文路径
        img_path_fixed = os.path.normpath(img_path)

        # 读取图像并进行颜色空间转换
        src_temp = cv2.imdecode(np.fromfile(img_path_fixed, dtype=np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
        if src_temp is None:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "无法读取图片，请选择有效的图片路径")
            return
        src = cv2.cvtColor(src_temp, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)

        # 显示图像
        if img_label is None or not img_label.winfo_exists():
            img_label = tk.Label(root)
            img_label.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=10)

        img = Image.open(img_path)
        img.thumbnail((160, 160))
        img_tk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
        img_label.configure(image=img_tk)
        img_label.image = img_tk
    else:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片路径")

def changeSize(event, img, LabelPic):
    """
    根据窗口大小调整图像大小
    """
    img_aspect = img.shape[1] / img.shape[0]
    new_aspect = event.width / event.height

    if new_aspect > img_aspect:
        new_width = int(event.height * img_aspect)
        new_height = event.height
    else:
        new_width = event.width
        new_height = int(event.width / img_aspect)

    resized_image = cv2.resize(img, (new_width, new_height))
    image1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(resized_image))
    LabelPic.image = image1
    LabelPic['image'] = image1

def savefile():
    """
    保存处理后的图像
    """
    global edge

    filename = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".jpg", filetypes=[("JPEG files", "*.jpg"), ("PNG files", "*.png"), ("BMP files", "*.bmp")])
    if not filename:
        return
    if edge is not None:
        try:
            edge.save(filename)
            messagebox.showinfo("保存成功", "图片保存成功！")
        except Exception as e:
            messagebox.showerror("保存失败", f"无法保存图片: {e}")
    else:
        messagebox.showerror("保存失败", "没有图像可保存")

# 腐蚀
def corrode(root):
    """
    腐蚀操作
    """
    global src, CorrodeWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选取图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    # 定义结构元素(该处使用矩形3*3结构)
    kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3), anchor=None)

    # 腐蚀图像
    eroded = cv2.erode(src, kernel)

    # 更新 edge 变量
    edge = Image.fromarray(eroded)

    # 创建 Toplevel 窗口
    try:
        CorrodeWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        CorrodeWin = Toplevel(root)
        CorrodeWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    CorrodeWin.geometry("360x300")
    CorrodeWin.resizable(True, True)  # 可缩放
    CorrodeWin.title("腐蚀结果")

    # 显示图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(CorrodeWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(eroded))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, eroded, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    # 添加保存按钮
    btn_save = tk.Button(CorrodeWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

    return

# 膨胀
def dilatation(root):
    """
    膨胀操作
    """
    global src, DilaWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选取图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    # 定义结构元素(该处使用矩形3*3结构)
    kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3), anchor=None)

    # 膨胀图像
    dilated = cv2.dilate(src, kernel)

    # 更新 edge 变量
    edge = Image.fromarray(dilated)

    # 创建 Toplevel 窗口
    try:
        DilaWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        DilaWin = Toplevel(root)
        DilaWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    DilaWin.geometry("360x300")
    DilaWin.resizable(True, True)  # 可缩放
    DilaWin.title("膨胀结果")

    # 显示图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(DilaWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(dilated))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, dilated, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    # 添加保存按钮
    btn_save = tk.Button(DilaWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

    return

# 开运算
def open_op(root):
    """
    开运算操作
    """
    global src, OpenWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选取图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    # 交叉结构元
    kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS, (5, 5))

    # 进行开运算
    open_result = cv2.morphologyEx(src, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

    # 更新 edge 变量
    edge = Image.fromarray(open_result)

    # 创建 Toplevel 窗口
    try:
        OpenWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        OpenWin = Toplevel(root)
        OpenWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    OpenWin.geometry("360x300")
    OpenWin.resizable(True, True)  # 可缩放
    OpenWin.title("开运算结果")

    # 显示图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(OpenWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(open_result))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, open_result, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    # 添加保存按钮
    btn_save = tk.Button(OpenWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

    return

# 闭运算
def close_op(root):
    """
    闭运算操作
    """
    global src, CloseWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选取图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    # 交叉结构元
    kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS, (10, 10))

    # 进行闭运算
    close_result = cv2.morphologyEx(src, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

    # 更新 edge 变量
    edge = Image.fromarray(close_result)

    # 创建 Toplevel 窗口
    try:
        CloseWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        CloseWin = Toplevel(root)
        CloseWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    CloseWin.geometry("360x300")
    CloseWin.resizable(True, True)  # 可缩放
    CloseWin.title("闭运算结果")

    # 显示图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(CloseWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(close_result))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, close_result, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    # 添加保存按钮
    btn_save = tk.Button(CloseWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

    return

# 边缘检测
def edge_detection(root):
    """
    边缘检测操作
    """
    global src, EdgeWin, edge

    # 判断是否已经选取图片
    if src is None:
        messagebox.showerror("错误", "没有选择图片！")
        return

    # 使用 Sobel 算子进行边缘检测
    sobelx = cv2.Sobel(cv2.cvtColor(src, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY), cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=5)
    sobely = cv2.Sobel(cv2.cvtColor(src, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY), cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=5)
    abs_sobelx = np.absolute(sobelx)
    abs_sobely = np.absolute(sobely)
    sobel_combined = cv2.bitwise_or(np.uint8(abs_sobelx), np.uint8(abs_sobely))
    sobel_combined = cv2.cvtColor(sobel_combined, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB)

    # 更新 edge 变量
    edge = Image.fromarray(sobel_combined)

    # 创建 Toplevel 窗口
    try:
        EdgeWin.destroy()
    except Exception:
        print("NVM")
    finally:
        EdgeWin = Toplevel(root)
        EdgeWin.attributes('-topmost', True)
    EdgeWin.geometry("360x300")
    EdgeWin.resizable(True, True)  # 可缩放
    EdgeWin.title("边缘检测结果")

    # 显示图像
    LabelPic = tk.Label(EdgeWin, text="IMG", width=360, height=240)
    image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.fromarray(sobel_combined))
    LabelPic.image = image
    LabelPic['image'] = image

    LabelPic.bind('<Configure>', lambda event: changeSize(event, sobel_combined, LabelPic))
    LabelPic.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)

    # 添加保存按钮
    btn_save = tk.Button(EdgeWin, text="保存", bg='#add8e6', fg='black', font=('Helvetica', 14), width=20, command=savefile)
    btn_save.pack(pady=10)

    return