feat(ir): 初步实现了中间代码生成的过程

include/ir/IR.h

@@ -1,32 +1,12 @@
-// 当前只支撑 i32、i32*、void 以及最小的内存/算术指令，演示用。
+// IR 中间表示：类型系统、Value 体系、指令集、基本块、函数、模块、IRBuilder。
 //
-// 当前已经实现：
-// 1. 基础类型系统：void / i32 / i32*
-// 2. Value 体系：Value / ConstantValue / ConstantInt / Function / BasicBlock / User / GlobalValue / Instruction
-// 3. 最小指令集：Add / Alloca / Load / Store / Ret
-// 4. BasicBlock / Function / Module 三层组织结构
-// 5. IRBuilder：便捷创建常量和最小指令
-// 6. def-use 关系的轻量实现：
-//    - Instruction 保存 operand 列表
-//    - Value 保存 uses
-//    - 支持 ReplaceAllUsesWith 的简化实现
-//
-// 当前尚未实现或只做了最小占位：
-// 1. 完整类型系统：数组、函数类型、label 类型等
-// 2. 更完整的指令系统：br / condbr / call / phi / gep 等
-// 3. 更成熟的 Use 管理（例如 LLVM 风格的双向链式结构）
-// 4. 更完整的 IR verifier 和优化基础设施
-//
-// 当前需要特别说明的两个简化点：
-// 1. BasicBlock 虽然已经纳入 Value 体系，但其类型目前仍用 void 作为占位，
-//    后续如果补 label type，可以再改成更合理的块标签类型。
-// 2. ConstantValue 体系目前只实现了 ConstantInt，后续可以继续补 ConstantFloat、
-//    ConstantArray等更完整的常量种类。
-//
-// 建议的扩展顺序：
-// 1. 先补更多指令和类型
-// 2. 再补控制流相关 IR
-// 3. 最后再考虑把 Value/User/Use 进一步抽象成更完整的框架
+// 已实现：
+// 1. 类型系统：void / i1 / i32 / i32*
+// 2. Value 体系：ConstantInt / Function / BasicBlock / GlobalVariable / Instruction
+// 3. 指令集：Add/Sub/Mul/Div/Mod/ICmp/Alloca/Load/Store/Ret/Br/CondBr/Call/ZExt
+// 4. 全局变量 / 外部函数声明
+// 5. IRBuilder 便捷接口
+// 6. use-def 关系
 
 #pragma once
 
@@ -45,17 +25,14 @@ class Value;
 class User;
 class ConstantValue;
 class ConstantInt;
-class GlobalValue;
+class ConstantFloat;
+class GlobalVariable;
 class Instruction;
 class BasicBlock;
 class Function;
+class Module;
 
-// Use 表示一个 Value 的一次使用记录。
-// 当前实现设计：
-// - value：被使用的值
-// - user：使用该值的 User
-// - operand_index：该值在 user 操作数列表中的位置
-
+// ─── Use ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Use {
  public:
   Use() = default;
@@ -76,40 +53,45 @@ class Use {
   size_t operand_index_ = 0;
 };
 
-// IR 上下文：集中管理类型、常量等共享资源，便于复用与扩展。
+// ─── Context ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Context {
  public:
   Context() = default;
   ~Context();
-  // 去重创建 i32 常量。
   ConstantInt* GetConstInt(int v);
-
+  ConstantFloat* GetConstFloat(float v);
   std::string NextTemp();
 
  private:
   std::unordered_map<int, std::unique_ptr<ConstantInt>> const_ints_;
+  std::unordered_map<float, std::unique_ptr<ConstantFloat>> const_floats_;
   int temp_index_ = -1;
 };
 
+// ─── Type ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Type {
  public:
-  enum class Kind { Void, Int32, PtrInt32 };
+  enum class Kind { Void, Int1, Int32, Float32, PtrInt32, PtrFloat32 };
   explicit Type(Kind k);
-  // 使用静态共享对象获取类型。
-  // 同一类型可直接比较返回值是否相等，例如：
-  // Type::GetInt32Type() == Type::GetInt32Type()
   static const std::shared_ptr<Type>& GetVoidType();
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type>& GetInt1Type();
   static const std::shared_ptr<Type>& GetInt32Type();
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type>& GetFloat32Type();
   static const std::shared_ptr<Type>& GetPtrInt32Type();
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type>& GetPtrFloat32Type();
   Kind GetKind() const;
   bool IsVoid() const;
+  bool IsInt1() const;
   bool IsInt32() const;
+  bool IsFloat32() const;
   bool IsPtrInt32() const;
+  bool IsPtrFloat32() const;
 
  private:
   Kind kind_;
 };
 
+// ─── Value ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Value {
  public:
   Value(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name);
@@ -118,12 +100,17 @@ class Value {
   const std::string& GetName() const;
   void SetName(std::string n);
   bool IsVoid() const;
+  bool IsInt1() const;
   bool IsInt32() const;
+  bool IsFloat32() const;
   bool IsPtrInt32() const;
+  bool IsPtrFloat32() const;
   bool IsConstant() const;
   bool IsInstruction() const;
   bool IsUser() const;
   bool IsFunction() const;
+  bool IsBasicBlock() const;
+  bool IsGlobalVariable() const;
   void AddUse(User* user, size_t operand_index);
   void RemoveUse(User* user, size_t operand_index);
   const std::vector<Use>& GetUses() const;
@@ -135,8 +122,7 @@ class Value {
   std::vector<Use> uses_;
 };
 
-// ConstantValue 是常量体系的基类。
-// 当前只实现了 ConstantInt，后续可继续扩展更多常量种类。
+// ─── ConstantValue ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class ConstantValue : public Value {
  public:
   ConstantValue(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name = "");
@@ -151,11 +137,42 @@ class ConstantInt : public ConstantValue {
   int value_{};
 };
 
-// 后续还需要扩展更多指令类型。
-enum class Opcode { Add, Sub, Mul, Alloca, Load, Store, Ret };
+class ConstantFloat : public ConstantValue {
+ public:
+  ConstantFloat(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, float v);
+  float GetValue() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  float value_{};
+};
 
-// User 是所有“会使用其他 Value 作为输入”的 IR 对象的抽象基类。
-// 当前实现中只有 Instruction 继承自 User。
+// ─── Opcode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+enum class Opcode {
+  // 整数算术
+  Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Mod,
+  // 浮点算术
+  FAdd, FSub, FMul, FDiv,
+  // 比较（结果为 i1）
+  ICmp, FCmp,
+  // 内存
+  Alloca, Load, Store,
+  // 地址计算
+  Gep,
+  // 控制流
+  Ret, Br, CondBr,
+  // 函数调用
+  Call,
+  // 类型转换
+  ZExt, SIToFP, FPToSI,
+};
+
+// ICmp 谓词
+enum class ICmpPredicate { EQ, NE, SLT, SLE, SGT, SGE };
+
+// FCmp 谓词
+enum class FCmpPredicate { OEQ, ONE, OLT, OLE, OGT, OGE };
+
+// ─── User ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class User : public Value {
  public:
   User(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name);
@@ -164,20 +181,36 @@ class User : public Value {
   void SetOperand(size_t index, Value* value);
 
  protected:
-  // 统一的 operand 入口。
   void AddOperand(Value* value);
 
  private:
   std::vector<Value*> operands_;
 };
 
-// GlobalValue 是全局值/全局变量体系的空壳占位类。
-// 当前只补齐类层次，具体初始化器、打印和链接语义后续再补。
+// ─── GlobalValue (占位) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class GlobalValue : public User {
  public:
   GlobalValue(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name);
 };
 
+// ─── GlobalVariable ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 表示全局整型变量或常量。类型为 i32*（可直接用于 load/store）。
+class GlobalVariable : public Value {
+ public:
+  GlobalVariable(std::string name, bool is_const, int init_val,
+                 int num_elements = 1);
+  bool IsConst() const { return is_const_; }
+  int GetInitVal() const { return init_val_; }
+  int GetNumElements() const { return num_elements_; }
+  bool IsArray() const { return num_elements_ > 1; }
+  // GlobalVariable 的"指针类型"是 i32*，访问时使用 load/store
+ private:
+  bool is_const_;
+  int init_val_;
+  int num_elements_;
+};
+
+// ─── Instruction ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Instruction : public User {
  public:
   Instruction(Opcode op, std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name = "");
@@ -191,23 +224,125 @@ class Instruction : public User {
   BasicBlock* parent_ = nullptr;
 };
 
+// 二元算术指令（i32 × i32 → i32）
 class BinaryInst : public Instruction {
  public:
   BinaryInst(Opcode op, std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
              std::string name);
   Value* GetLhs() const;
- Value* GetRhs() const;
+  Value* GetRhs() const;
 };
 
+// 整数比较指令（i32 × i32 → i1）
+class ICmpInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  ICmpInst(ICmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs, std::string name);
+  ICmpPredicate GetPredicate() const { return pred_; }
+  Value* GetLhs() const;
+  Value* GetRhs() const;
+
+ private:
+  ICmpPredicate pred_;
+};
+
+// 无条件跳转
+class BrInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  explicit BrInst(BasicBlock* target);
+  BasicBlock* GetTarget() const;
+};
+
+// 条件跳转
+class CondBrInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  CondBrInst(Value* cond, BasicBlock* true_bb, BasicBlock* false_bb);
+  Value* GetCond() const;
+  BasicBlock* GetTrueBB() const;
+  BasicBlock* GetFalseBB() const;
+};
+
+// 函数调用
+// callee 为 nullptr 时表示外部函数，使用 callee_name_
+class CallInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  // 调用已知 Function（模块内定义）
+  CallInst(Function* callee, std::vector<Value*> args, std::string name);
+  // 调用外部声明函数（名称 + 返回类型）
+  CallInst(std::string callee_name, std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type,
+           std::vector<Value*> args, std::string name);
+  bool IsExternal() const { return callee_ == nullptr; }
+  Function* GetCallee() const { return callee_; }
+  const std::string& GetCalleeName() const { return callee_name_; }
+  size_t GetNumArgs() const { return GetNumOperands(); }
+  Value* GetArg(size_t i) const { return GetOperand(i); }
+
+ private:
+  Function* callee_ = nullptr;
+  std::string callee_name_;
+};
+
+// 零扩展：i1 → i32
+class ZExtInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  ZExtInst(Value* val, std::string name);
+  Value* GetSrc() const;
+};
+
+// 浮点比较指令（f32 × f32 → i1）
+class FCmpInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  FCmpInst(FCmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs, std::string name);
+  FCmpPredicate GetPredicate() const { return pred_; }
+  Value* GetLhs() const;
+  Value* GetRhs() const;
+
+ private:
+  FCmpPredicate pred_;
+};
+
+// 有符号整数转浮点：i32 → f32
+class SIToFPInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  SIToFPInst(Value* val, std::string name);
+  Value* GetSrc() const;
+};
+
+// 浮点转有符号整数：f32 → i32
+class FPToSIInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  FPToSIInst(Value* val, std::string name);
+  Value* GetSrc() const;
+};
+
+// return 语句（val 为 nullptr 表示 void return）
 class ReturnInst : public Instruction {
  public:
-  ReturnInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> void_ty, Value* val);
-  Value* GetValue() const;
+  // 有返回值
+  explicit ReturnInst(Value* val);
+  // void 返回
+  ReturnInst();
+  bool HasValue() const { return GetNumOperands() > 0; }
+  Value* GetValue() const;  // 可能为 nullptr
 };
 
 class AllocaInst : public Instruction {
  public:
+  // 标量 alloca（num_elements == 1）
   AllocaInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ptr_ty, std::string name);
+  // 数组 alloca（num_elements > 1）
+  AllocaInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ptr_ty, int num_elements, std::string name);
+  int GetNumElements() const { return num_elements_; }
+  bool IsArray() const { return num_elements_ > 1; }
+ private:
+  int num_elements_ = 1;
+};
+
+// GetElementPtr: ptr + index → i32*
+class GepInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  GepInst(Value* base_ptr, Value* index, std::string name);
+  Value* GetBasePtr() const;
+  Value* GetIndex() const;
 };
 
 class LoadInst : public Instruction {
@@ -218,13 +353,12 @@ class LoadInst : public Instruction {
 
 class StoreInst : public Instruction {
  public:
-  StoreInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> void_ty, Value* val, Value* ptr);
+  StoreInst(Value* val, Value* ptr);
   Value* GetValue() const;
   Value* GetPtr() const;
 };
 
-// BasicBlock 已纳入 Value 体系，便于后续向更完整 IR 类图靠拢。
-// 当前其类型仍使用 void 作为占位，后续可替换为专门的 label type。
+// ─── BasicBlock ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class BasicBlock : public Value {
  public:
   explicit BasicBlock(std::string name);
@@ -234,11 +368,11 @@ class BasicBlock : public Value {
   const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Instruction>>& GetInstructions() const;
   const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetPredecessors() const;
   const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetSuccessors() const;
+
   template <typename T, typename... Args>
   T* Append(Args&&... args) {
     if (HasTerminator()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error("BasicBlock 已有 terminator，不能继续追加指令: " +
-                               name_);
+      throw std::runtime_error("BasicBlock 已有 terminator: " + name_);
     }
     auto inst = std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
     auto* ptr = inst.get();
@@ -254,62 +388,142 @@ class BasicBlock : public Value {
   std::vector<BasicBlock*> successors_;
 };
 
-// Function 当前也采用了最小实现。
-// 需要特别注意：由于项目里还没有单独的 FunctionType，
-// Function 继承自 Value 后，其 type_ 目前只保存“返回类型”，
-// 并不能完整表达“返回类型 + 形参列表”这一整套函数签名。
-// 这对当前只支持 int main() 的最小 IR 足够，但后续若补普通函数、
-// 形参和调用，通常需要引入专门的函数类型表示。
+// ─── Argument ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// 函数形式参数，作为 SSA 值可用于 store 等指令
+class Argument : public Value {
+ public:
+  Argument(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
+      : Value(std::move(ty), std::move(name)) {}
+};
+
+// ─── Function ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Function : public Value {
  public:
-  // 当前构造函数接收的也是返回类型，而不是完整函数类型。
   Function(std::string name, std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type);
   BasicBlock* CreateBlock(const std::string& name);
   BasicBlock* GetEntry();
   const BasicBlock* GetEntry() const;
   const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BasicBlock>>& GetBlocks() const;
+  // 参数值（按顺序，与 GetParamNames/GetParamTypes 一一对应）
+  Argument* AddArgument(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, const std::string& name);
+  Argument* GetArgument(size_t i) const;
+  size_t GetNumArgs() const { return args_.size(); }
+  bool IsVoidReturn() const { return type_->IsVoid(); }
 
  private:
   BasicBlock* entry_ = nullptr;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BasicBlock>> blocks_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Argument>> args_;
+};
+
+// ─── ExternalFuncDecl ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+struct ExternalFuncDecl {
+  std::string name;
+  std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type;
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Type>> param_types;
+  bool is_variadic = false;
 };
 
+// ─── Module ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class Module {
  public:
   Module() = default;
   Context& GetContext();
   const Context& GetContext() const;
-  // 创建函数时当前只显式传入返回类型，尚未接入完整的 FunctionType。
+
   Function* CreateFunction(const std::string& name,
                            std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type);
+  Function* GetFunction(const std::string& name) const;
   const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Function>>& GetFunctions() const;
 
+  GlobalVariable* CreateGlobalVariable(const std::string& name, bool is_const,
+                                       int init_val, int num_elements = 1);
+  GlobalVariable* GetGlobalVariable(const std::string& name) const;
+  const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<GlobalVariable>>& GetGlobalVariables() const;
+
+  void DeclareExternalFunc(const std::string& name,
+                           std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type,
+                           std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Type>> param_types,
+                           bool is_variadic = false);
+  bool HasExternalDecl(const std::string& name) const;
+  const std::vector<ExternalFuncDecl>& GetExternalDecls() const;
+
  private:
   Context context_;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Function>> functions_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, Function*> func_map_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<GlobalVariable>> globals_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, GlobalVariable*> global_map_;
+  std::vector<ExternalFuncDecl> external_decls_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> external_decl_index_;
 };
 
+// ─── IRBuilder ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class IRBuilder {
  public:
   IRBuilder(Context& ctx, BasicBlock* bb);
   void SetInsertPoint(BasicBlock* bb);
   BasicBlock* GetInsertBlock() const;
 
-  // 构造常量、二元运算、返回指令的最小集合。
+  // 常量
   ConstantInt* CreateConstInt(int v);
+  ConstantFloat* CreateConstFloat(float v);
+
+  // 整数算术
   BinaryInst* CreateBinary(Opcode op, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
                            const std::string& name);
   BinaryInst* CreateAdd(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateSub(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateMul(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateDiv(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateMod(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+
+  // 浮点算术
+  BinaryInst* CreateFAdd(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateFSub(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateFMul(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+  BinaryInst* CreateFDiv(Value* lhs, Value* rhs, const std::string& name);
+
+  // 比较（返回 i1）
+  ICmpInst* CreateICmp(ICmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                       const std::string& name);
+  FCmpInst* CreateFCmp(FCmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                       const std::string& name);
+
+  // 内存
   AllocaInst* CreateAllocaI32(const std::string& name);
+  AllocaInst* CreateAllocaF32(const std::string& name);
+  AllocaInst* CreateAllocaArray(int num_elements, const std::string& name);
+  GepInst* CreateGep(Value* base_ptr, Value* index, const std::string& name);
   LoadInst* CreateLoad(Value* ptr, const std::string& name);
   StoreInst* CreateStore(Value* val, Value* ptr);
+
+  // 控制流
   ReturnInst* CreateRet(Value* v);
+  ReturnInst* CreateRetVoid();
+  BrInst* CreateBr(BasicBlock* target);
+  CondBrInst* CreateCondBr(Value* cond, BasicBlock* true_bb,
+                           BasicBlock* false_bb);
+
+  // 调用
+  CallInst* CreateCall(Function* callee, std::vector<Value*> args,
+                       const std::string& name = "");
+  CallInst* CreateCallExternal(const std::string& callee_name,
+                               std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type,
+                               std::vector<Value*> args,
+                               const std::string& name = "");
+
+  // 类型转换
+  ZExtInst* CreateZExt(Value* val, const std::string& name);
+  SIToFPInst* CreateSIToFP(Value* val, const std::string& name);
+  FPToSIInst* CreateFPToSI(Value* val, const std::string& name);
 
  private:
   Context& ctx_;
   BasicBlock* insert_block_;
 };
 
+// ─── IRPrinter ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class IRPrinter {
  public:
   void Print(const Module& module, std::ostream& os);

include/irgen/IRGen.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// 将语法树翻译为 IR。
-// 实现拆分在 IRGenFunc/IRGenStmt/IRGenExp/IRGenDecl。
+// IRGen：语法树 → IR
+// 按语法树节点类型分发到 IRGenFunc/IRGenStmt/IRGenExp/IRGenDecl
 
 #pragma once
 
@@ -7,51 +7,110 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "SysYBaseVisitor.h"
 #include "SysYParser.h"
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 #include "sem/Sema.h"
 
-namespace ir {
-class Module;
-class Function;
-class IRBuilder;
-class Value;
-}
-
 class IRGenImpl final : public SysYBaseVisitor {
  public:
   IRGenImpl(ir::Module& module, const SemanticContext& sema);
 
+  // ── 顶层 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   std::any visitCompUnit(SysYParser::CompUnitContext* ctx) override;
+
+  // ── 函数 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   std::any visitFuncDef(SysYParser::FuncDefContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitBlockStmt(SysYParser::BlockStmtContext* ctx) override;
+
+  // ── 块与块内项 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  std::any visitBlock(SysYParser::BlockContext* ctx) override;
   std::any visitBlockItem(SysYParser::BlockItemContext* ctx) override;
+
+  // ── 声明 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   std::any visitDecl(SysYParser::DeclContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitVarDecl(SysYParser::VarDeclContext* ctx) override;
   std::any visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitReturnStmt(SysYParser::ReturnStmtContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitParenExp(SysYParser::ParenExpContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitNumberExp(SysYParser::NumberExpContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitVarExp(SysYParser::VarExpContext* ctx) override;
-  std::any visitAdditiveExp(SysYParser::AdditiveExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitConstDecl(SysYParser::ConstDeclContext* ctx) override;
+
+  // ── 语句 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  std::any visitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext* ctx) override;
+
+  // ── 表达式（返回 ir::Value*，i32） ─────────────────────────────────────────
+  std::any visitExp(SysYParser::ExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitAddExp(SysYParser::AddExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitMulExp(SysYParser::MulExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitUnaryExp(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitPrimaryExp(SysYParser::PrimaryExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitLVar(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitNumber(SysYParser::NumberContext* ctx) override;
+
+  // ── 条件（返回 ir::Value*，i1） ────────────────────────────────────────────
+  std::any visitCond(SysYParser::CondContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitLOrExp(SysYParser::LOrExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitLAndExp(SysYParser::LAndExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitEqExp(SysYParser::EqExpContext* ctx) override;
+  std::any visitRelExp(SysYParser::RelExpContext* ctx) override;
 
  private:
-  enum class BlockFlow {
-    Continue,
-    Terminated,
-  };
+  // BlockFlow 用于通知调用者当前块是否已终结
+  enum class BlockFlow { Continue, Terminated };
 
-  BlockFlow VisitBlockItemResult(SysYParser::BlockItemContext& item);
+  // ── 辅助函数 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // 求值表达式，返回 i32 值
   ir::Value* EvalExpr(SysYParser::ExpContext& expr);
+  ir::Value* EvalExprAdd(SysYParser::AddExpContext& expr);
+  // 求值条件，返回 i1 值（供 if/while 使用）
+  ir::Value* EvalCond(SysYParser::CondContext& cond);
+  // 把整型值转为 i1 条件（icmp ne i32 val, 0）
+  ir::Value* ToI1(ir::Value* v);
+  // 把 i1 值零扩展为 i32
+  ir::Value* ToI32(ir::Value* v);
+  // 隐式类型转换：确保两个操作数类型一致（int 转 float）
+  void ImplicitConvert(ir::Value*& lhs, ir::Value*& rhs);
+  // 转换为 float（如果是 int）
+  ir::Value* ToFloat(ir::Value* v);
+  // 转换为 int（如果是 float）
+  ir::Value* ToInt(ir::Value* v);
+
+  // 访问一条块内项，返回流控状态
+  BlockFlow VisitBlockItemResult(SysYParser::BlockItemContext& item);
+  // 访问 stmt，返回流控状态
+  BlockFlow VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& stmt);
 
+  // 向外部函数声明注册（幂等）
+  void EnsureExternalDecl(const std::string& name);
+
+  // ── 状态 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   ir::Module& module_;
   const SemanticContext& sema_;
-  ir::Function* func_;
+  ir::Function* func_ = nullptr;
   ir::IRBuilder builder_;
-  // 名称绑定由 Sema 负责；IRGen 只维护“声明 -> 存储槽位”的代码生成状态。
-  std::unordered_map<SysYParser::VarDefContext*, ir::Value*> storage_map_;
+
+  // 局部变量/参数的存储槽位：声明上下文 → alloca Value*
+  std::unordered_map<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*, ir::Value*> storage_map_;
+  // 全局变量/常量的存储槽位（不随函数切换清空）
+  std::unordered_map<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*, ir::Value*> global_storage_map_;
+
+  // 数组维度信息：声明上下文 → 各维度大小（从外到内）
+  std::unordered_map<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*, std::vector<int>> array_dims_;
+  std::unordered_map<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*, std::vector<int>> global_array_dims_;
+
+  // 辅助：求常量表达式的整数值（失败返回 0）
+  int EvalConstExprInt(SysYParser::ConstExpContext* ctx);
+  // 辅助：计算一个 lVar 的元素地址（支持多维数组）
+  ir::Value* EvalLVarAddr(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx);
+
+  // 是否处于全局作用域（visitCompUnit 中处理 decl 时）
+  bool in_global_scope_ = false;
+
+  // 循环上下文（break/continue 的目标块）
+  struct LoopCtx {
+    ir::BasicBlock* cond_bb;   // continue 跳到这里
+    ir::BasicBlock* after_bb;  // break 跳到这里
+  };
+  std::vector<LoopCtx> loop_stack_;
 };
 
 std::unique_ptr<ir::Module> GenerateIR(SysYParser::CompUnitContext& tree,

include/sem/Sema.h

@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ class SemanticContext {
  public:
   void BindVarUse(antlr4::tree::TerminalNode* use,
                   antlr4::ParserRuleContext* decl) {
-    if(ResolveVarUse(use)){
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "变量名重定义"));
-    }
     var_uses_[use] = decl;
   }
 

scripts/run_ir_test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+COMPILER="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+TEST_CASE_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_case"
+TEST_RESULT_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_result/ir"
+
+if [ ! -x "$COMPILER" ]; then
+    echo "错误：编译器不存在或不可执行: $COMPILER"
+    echo "请先构建项目：cmake --build build -j\$(nproc)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$TEST_RESULT_DIR"
+
+pass_count=0
+fail_count=0
+failed_cases=()
+
+echo "=== 开始测试 IR 生成 ==="
+echo ""
+
+while IFS= read -r test_file; do
+    relative_path=$(realpath --relative-to="$TEST_CASE_DIR" "$test_file")
+    output_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${relative_path%.sy}.ll"
+
+    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$output_file")"
+
+    echo -n "测试: $relative_path ... "
+
+    # stderr 单独捕获，stdout 写到输出文件
+    err_output=$("$COMPILER" --emit-ir "$test_file" > "$output_file" 2>&1)
+    exit_code=$?
+
+    if [ $exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
+        # 确认输出文件非空且不含 [error]
+        if [ -s "$output_file" ] && ! grep -q '\[error\]' "$output_file"; then
+            echo "通过"
+            pass_count=$((pass_count + 1))
+        else
+            echo "失败 (生成内容含错误)"
+            fail_count=$((fail_count + 1))
+            failed_cases+=("$relative_path")
+            echo "  错误信息已保存到: $output_file"
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "失败"
+        fail_count=$((fail_count + 1))
+        failed_cases+=("$relative_path")
+        echo "  错误信息已保存到: $output_file"
+    fi
+done < <(find "$TEST_CASE_DIR" -name "*.sy" | sort)
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== 测试完成 ==="
+echo "通过: $pass_count"
+echo "失败: $fail_count"
+echo "结果保存在: $TEST_RESULT_DIR"
+
+if [ ${#failed_cases[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "=== 失败的用例 ==="
+    for f in "${failed_cases[@]}"; do
+        echo "  - $f"
+    done
+    exit 1
+fi

scripts/verify_ir.sh

@@ -91,4 +91,4 @@ if [[ "$run_exec" == true ]]; then
   else
     echo "未找到预期输出文件，跳过比对: $expected_file"
   fi
-fi
+fi

src/ir/Context.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// 管理基础类型、整型常量池和临时名生成。
+// 管理基础类型、常量池和临时名生成。
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
 #include <sstream>
@@ -15,9 +15,17 @@ ConstantInt* Context::GetConstInt(int v) {
   return inserted->second.get();
 }
 
+ConstantFloat* Context::GetConstFloat(float v) {
+  auto it = const_floats_.find(v);
+  if (it != const_floats_.end()) return it->second.get();
+  auto inserted =
+      const_floats_.emplace(v, std::make_unique<ConstantFloat>(Type::GetFloat32Type(), v)).first;
+  return inserted->second.get();
+}
+
 std::string Context::NextTemp() {
   std::ostringstream oss;
-  oss << "%" << ++temp_index_;
+  oss << ++temp_index_;
   return oss.str();
 }
 

src/ir/Function.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-// IR Function：
-// - 保存参数列表、基本块列表
-// - 记录函数属性/元信息（按需要扩展）
+// IR Function
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
 namespace ir {
@@ -15,18 +13,25 @@ BasicBlock* Function::CreateBlock(const std::string& name) {
   auto* ptr = block.get();
   ptr->SetParent(this);
   blocks_.push_back(std::move(block));
-  if (!entry_) {
-    entry_ = ptr;
-  }
+  if (!entry_) entry_ = ptr;
   return ptr;
 }
 
 BasicBlock* Function::GetEntry() { return entry_; }
-
 const BasicBlock* Function::GetEntry() const { return entry_; }
-
 const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BasicBlock>>& Function::GetBlocks() const {
   return blocks_;
 }
 
+Argument* Function::AddArgument(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty,
+                                 const std::string& name) {
+  args_.push_back(std::make_unique<Argument>(std::move(ty), name));
+  return args_.back().get();
+}
+
+Argument* Function::GetArgument(size_t i) const {
+  if (i >= args_.size()) return nullptr;
+  return args_[i].get();
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/IRBuilder.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// IR 构建工具：
-// - 管理插入点（当前基本块/位置）
-// - 提供创建各类指令的便捷接口，降低 IRGen 复杂度
-
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -9,32 +5,32 @@
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
 namespace ir {
+
 IRBuilder::IRBuilder(Context& ctx, BasicBlock* bb)
     : ctx_(ctx), insert_block_(bb) {}
 
 void IRBuilder::SetInsertPoint(BasicBlock* bb) { insert_block_ = bb; }
-
 BasicBlock* IRBuilder::GetInsertBlock() const { return insert_block_; }
 
 ConstantInt* IRBuilder::CreateConstInt(int v) {
-  // 常量不需要挂在基本块里，由 Context 负责去重与生命周期。
   return ctx_.GetConstInt(v);
 }
 
+ConstantFloat* IRBuilder::CreateConstFloat(float v) {
+  return ctx_.GetConstFloat(v);
+}
+
+// ─── 算术 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateBinary(Opcode op, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
                                     const std::string& name) {
   if (!insert_block_) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
   }
-  if (!lhs) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder::CreateBinary 缺少 lhs"));
-  }
-  if (!rhs) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder::CreateBinary 缺少 rhs"));
+  if (!lhs || !rhs) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "CreateBinary 缺少操作数"));
   }
-  return insert_block_->Append<BinaryInst>(op, lhs->GetType(), lhs, rhs, name);
+  return insert_block_->Append<BinaryInst>(op, Type::GetInt32Type(), lhs, rhs,
+                                           name);
 }
 
 BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateAdd(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
@@ -42,6 +38,81 @@ BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateAdd(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
   return CreateBinary(Opcode::Add, lhs, rhs, name);
 }
 
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateSub(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                 const std::string& name) {
+  return CreateBinary(Opcode::Sub, lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateMul(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                 const std::string& name) {
+  return CreateBinary(Opcode::Mul, lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateDiv(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                 const std::string& name) {
+  return CreateBinary(Opcode::Div, lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateMod(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                 const std::string& name) {
+  return CreateBinary(Opcode::Mod, lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+// ─── 浮点算术 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateFAdd(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                  const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<BinaryInst>(Opcode::FAdd, Type::GetFloat32Type(),
+                                           lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateFSub(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                  const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<BinaryInst>(Opcode::FSub, Type::GetFloat32Type(),
+                                           lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateFMul(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                  const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<BinaryInst>(Opcode::FMul, Type::GetFloat32Type(),
+                                           lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+BinaryInst* IRBuilder::CreateFDiv(Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                  const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<BinaryInst>(Opcode::FDiv, Type::GetFloat32Type(),
+                                           lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+// ─── 比较 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ICmpInst* IRBuilder::CreateICmp(ICmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<ICmpInst>(pred, lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+FCmpInst* IRBuilder::CreateFCmp(FCmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs,
+                                const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<FCmpInst>(pred, lhs, rhs, name);
+}
+
+// ─── 内存 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 AllocaInst* IRBuilder::CreateAllocaI32(const std::string& name) {
   if (!insert_block_) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
@@ -49,41 +120,121 @@ AllocaInst* IRBuilder::CreateAllocaI32(const std::string& name) {
   return insert_block_->Append<AllocaInst>(Type::GetPtrInt32Type(), name);
 }
 
+AllocaInst* IRBuilder::CreateAllocaF32(const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<AllocaInst>(Type::GetPtrFloat32Type(), name);
+}
+
+AllocaInst* IRBuilder::CreateAllocaArray(int num_elements,
+                                         const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<AllocaInst>(Type::GetPtrInt32Type(),
+                                           num_elements, name);
+}
+
+GepInst* IRBuilder::CreateGep(Value* base_ptr, Value* index,
+                               const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<GepInst>(base_ptr, index, name);
+}
+
 LoadInst* IRBuilder::CreateLoad(Value* ptr, const std::string& name) {
   if (!insert_block_) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
   }
   if (!ptr) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder::CreateLoad 缺少 ptr"));
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "CreateLoad 缺少 ptr"));
   }
-  return insert_block_->Append<LoadInst>(Type::GetInt32Type(), ptr, name);
+  auto val_type = ptr->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? Type::GetFloat32Type() : Type::GetInt32Type();
+  return insert_block_->Append<LoadInst>(val_type, ptr, name);
 }
 
 StoreInst* IRBuilder::CreateStore(Value* val, Value* ptr) {
   if (!insert_block_) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
   }
-  if (!val) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder::CreateStore 缺少 val"));
-  }
-  if (!ptr) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder::CreateStore 缺少 ptr"));
+  if (!val || !ptr) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "CreateStore 缺少操作数"));
   }
-  return insert_block_->Append<StoreInst>(Type::GetVoidType(), val, ptr);
+  return insert_block_->Append<StoreInst>(val, ptr);
 }
 
+// ─── 控制流 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ReturnInst* IRBuilder::CreateRet(Value* v) {
   if (!insert_block_) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
   }
-  if (!v) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder::CreateRet 缺少返回值"));
+  return insert_block_->Append<ReturnInst>(v);
+}
+
+ReturnInst* IRBuilder::CreateRetVoid() {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<ReturnInst>();
+}
+
+BrInst* IRBuilder::CreateBr(BasicBlock* target) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<BrInst>(target);
+}
+
+CondBrInst* IRBuilder::CreateCondBr(Value* cond, BasicBlock* true_bb,
+                                    BasicBlock* false_bb) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<CondBrInst>(cond, true_bb, false_bb);
+}
+
+// ─── 调用 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+CallInst* IRBuilder::CreateCall(Function* callee, std::vector<Value*> args,
+                                const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<CallInst>(callee, std::move(args), name);
+}
+
+CallInst* IRBuilder::CreateCallExternal(const std::string& callee_name,
+                                        std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type,
+                                        std::vector<Value*> args,
+                                        const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<CallInst>(callee_name, std::move(ret_type),
+                                         std::move(args), name);
+}
+
+// ─── 类型转换 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ZExtInst* IRBuilder::CreateZExt(Value* val, const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<ZExtInst>(val, name);
+}
+
+SIToFPInst* IRBuilder::CreateSIToFP(Value* val, const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<SIToFPInst>(val, name);
+}
+
+FPToSIInst* IRBuilder::CreateFPToSI(Value* val, const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
   }
-  return insert_block_->Append<ReturnInst>(Type::GetVoidType(), v);
+  return insert_block_->Append<FPToSIInst>(val, name);
 }
 
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/IRPrinter.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// IR 文本输出：
-// - 将 IR 打印为 .ll 风格的文本
-// - 支撑调试与测试对比（diff）
-
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
 #include <ostream>
@@ -12,95 +8,299 @@
 
 namespace ir {
 
-static const char* TypeToString(const Type& ty) {
+static const char* TypeToStr(const Type& ty) {
   switch (ty.GetKind()) {
-    case Type::Kind::Void:
-      return "void";
-    case Type::Kind::Int32:
-      return "i32";
-    case Type::Kind::PtrInt32:
-      return "i32*";
+    case Type::Kind::Void:      return "void";
+    case Type::Kind::Int1:      return "i1";
+    case Type::Kind::Int32:     return "i32";
+    case Type::Kind::Float32:   return "float";
+    case Type::Kind::PtrInt32:  return "i32*";
+    case Type::Kind::PtrFloat32: return "float*";
   }
   throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "未知类型"));
 }
 
-static const char* OpcodeToString(Opcode op) {
-  switch (op) {
-    case Opcode::Add:
-      return "add";
-    case Opcode::Sub:
-      return "sub";
-    case Opcode::Mul:
-      return "mul";
-    case Opcode::Alloca:
-      return "alloca";
-    case Opcode::Load:
-      return "load";
-    case Opcode::Store:
-      return "store";
-    case Opcode::Ret:
-      return "ret";
+static const char* PredToStr(ICmpPredicate pred) {
+  switch (pred) {
+    case ICmpPredicate::EQ:  return "eq";
+    case ICmpPredicate::NE:  return "ne";
+    case ICmpPredicate::SLT: return "slt";
+    case ICmpPredicate::SLE: return "sle";
+    case ICmpPredicate::SGT: return "sgt";
+    case ICmpPredicate::SGE: return "sge";
+  }
+  return "?";
+}
+
+static const char* FPredToStr(FCmpPredicate pred) {
+  switch (pred) {
+    case FCmpPredicate::OEQ: return "oeq";
+    case FCmpPredicate::ONE: return "one";
+    case FCmpPredicate::OLT: return "olt";
+    case FCmpPredicate::OLE: return "ole";
+    case FCmpPredicate::OGT: return "ogt";
+    case FCmpPredicate::OGE: return "oge";
   }
   return "?";
 }
 
-static std::string ValueToString(const Value* v) {
+static std::string ValStr(const Value* v) {
+  if (!v) return "<null>";
   if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)) {
     return std::to_string(ci->GetValue());
   }
-  return v ? v->GetName() : "<null>";
+  if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<const ConstantFloat*>(v)) {
+    return std::to_string(cf->GetValue());
+  }
+  // BasicBlock: 打印为 label %name
+  if (dynamic_cast<const BasicBlock*>(v)) {
+    return "%" + v->GetName();
+  }
+  // GlobalVariable: 打印为 @name
+  if (auto* gv = dynamic_cast<const GlobalVariable*>(v)) {
+    if (gv->IsArray()) {
+      // 数组全局变量的指针：getelementptr [N x i32], [N x i32]* @name, i32 0, i32 0
+      return "getelementptr ([" + std::to_string(gv->GetNumElements()) +
+             " x i32], [" + std::to_string(gv->GetNumElements()) +
+             " x i32]* @" + gv->GetName() + ", i32 0, i32 0)";
+    }
+    return "@" + v->GetName();
+  }
+  return "%" + v->GetName();
+}
+
+static std::string TypeVal(const Value* v) {
+  if (!v) return "void";
+  if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)) {
+    return std::string(TypeToStr(*ci->GetType())) + " " +
+           std::to_string(ci->GetValue());
+  }
+  if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<const ConstantFloat*>(v)) {
+    return std::string(TypeToStr(*cf->GetType())) + " " +
+           std::to_string(cf->GetValue());
+  }
+  return std::string(TypeToStr(*v->GetType())) + " " + ValStr(v);
 }
 
 void IRPrinter::Print(const Module& module, std::ostream& os) {
+  // 1. 全局变量/常量
+  for (const auto& g : module.GetGlobalVariables()) {
+    if (g->IsArray()) {
+      // 全局数组：zeroinitializer
+      if (g->IsConst()) {
+        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = constant [" << g->GetNumElements()
+           << " x i32] zeroinitializer\n";
+      } else {
+        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = global [" << g->GetNumElements()
+           << " x i32] zeroinitializer\n";
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (g->IsConst()) {
+        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = constant i32 " << g->GetInitVal()
+           << "\n";
+      } else {
+        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = global i32 " << g->GetInitVal()
+           << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!module.GetGlobalVariables().empty()) os << "\n";
+
+  // 2. 外部函数声明
+  for (const auto& decl : module.GetExternalDecls()) {
+    os << "declare " << TypeToStr(*decl.ret_type) << " @" << decl.name << "(";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < decl.param_types.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+      os << TypeToStr(*decl.param_types[i]);
+    }
+    if (decl.is_variadic) {
+      if (!decl.param_types.empty()) os << ", ";
+      os << "...";
+    }
+    os << ")\n";
+  }
+  if (!module.GetExternalDecls().empty()) os << "\n";
+
+  // 3. 函数定义
   for (const auto& func : module.GetFunctions()) {
-    os << "define " << TypeToString(*func->GetType()) << " @" << func->GetName()
-       << "() {\n";
+    os << "define " << TypeToStr(*func->GetType()) << " @" << func->GetName()
+       << "(";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < func->GetNumArgs(); ++i) {
+      if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+      auto* arg = func->GetArgument(i);
+      os << TypeToStr(*arg->GetType()) << " %" << arg->GetName();
+    }
+    os << ") {\n";
+
     for (const auto& bb : func->GetBlocks()) {
-      if (!bb) {
-        continue;
-      }
+      if (!bb) continue;
       os << bb->GetName() << ":\n";
       for (const auto& instPtr : bb->GetInstructions()) {
         const auto* inst = instPtr.get();
         switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
+          // ── 算术 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
           case Opcode::Add:
           case Opcode::Sub:
-          case Opcode::Mul: {
+          case Opcode::Mul:
+          case Opcode::Div:
+          case Opcode::Mod: {
+            auto* bin = static_cast<const BinaryInst*>(inst);
+            const char* op_str = nullptr;
+            switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
+              case Opcode::Add: op_str = "add";  break;
+              case Opcode::Sub: op_str = "sub";  break;
+              case Opcode::Mul: op_str = "mul";  break;
+              case Opcode::Div: op_str = "sdiv"; break;
+              case Opcode::Mod: op_str = "srem"; break;
+              default: op_str = "?"; break;
+            }
+            os << "  %" << bin->GetName() << " = " << op_str << " i32 "
+               << ValStr(bin->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(bin->GetRhs())
+               << "\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          // ── 浮点算术 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+          case Opcode::FAdd:
+          case Opcode::FSub:
+          case Opcode::FMul:
+          case Opcode::FDiv: {
             auto* bin = static_cast<const BinaryInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  " << bin->GetName() << " = "
-               << OpcodeToString(bin->GetOpcode()) << " "
-               << TypeToString(*bin->GetLhs()->GetType()) << " "
-               << ValueToString(bin->GetLhs()) << ", "
-               << ValueToString(bin->GetRhs()) << "\n";
+            const char* op_str = nullptr;
+            switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
+              case Opcode::FAdd: op_str = "fadd"; break;
+              case Opcode::FSub: op_str = "fsub"; break;
+              case Opcode::FMul: op_str = "fmul"; break;
+              case Opcode::FDiv: op_str = "fdiv"; break;
+              default: op_str = "?"; break;
+            }
+            os << "  %" << bin->GetName() << " = " << op_str << " float "
+               << ValStr(bin->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(bin->GetRhs())
+               << "\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          // ── 比较 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+          case Opcode::ICmp: {
+            auto* cmp = static_cast<const ICmpInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  %" << cmp->GetName() << " = icmp "
+               << PredToStr(cmp->GetPredicate()) << " i32 "
+               << ValStr(cmp->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(cmp->GetRhs())
+               << "\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          case Opcode::FCmp: {
+            auto* cmp = static_cast<const FCmpInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  %" << cmp->GetName() << " = fcmp "
+               << FPredToStr(cmp->GetPredicate()) << " float "
+               << ValStr(cmp->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(cmp->GetRhs())
+               << "\n";
             break;
           }
+          // ── 内存 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
           case Opcode::Alloca: {
-            auto* alloca = static_cast<const AllocaInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  " << alloca->GetName() << " = alloca i32\n";
+            auto* al = static_cast<const AllocaInst*>(inst);
+            const char* elem_type = al->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? "float" : "i32";
+            if (al->IsArray()) {
+              os << "  %" << al->GetName() << " = alloca " << elem_type << ", i32 "
+                 << al->GetNumElements() << "\n";
+            } else {
+              os << "  %" << al->GetName() << " = alloca " << elem_type << "\n";
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case Opcode::Gep: {
+            auto* gep = static_cast<const GepInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  %" << gep->GetName()
+               << " = getelementptr i32, i32* "
+               << ValStr(gep->GetBasePtr()) << ", i32 "
+               << ValStr(gep->GetIndex()) << "\n";
             break;
           }
           case Opcode::Load: {
-            auto* load = static_cast<const LoadInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  " << load->GetName() << " = load i32, i32* "
-               << ValueToString(load->GetPtr()) << "\n";
+            auto* ld = static_cast<const LoadInst*>(inst);
+            const char* val_type = ld->GetType()->IsFloat32() ? "float" : "i32";
+            const char* ptr_type = ld->GetPtr()->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? "float*" : "i32*";
+            os << "  %" << ld->GetName() << " = load " << val_type << ", " << ptr_type << " "
+               << ValStr(ld->GetPtr()) << "\n";
             break;
           }
           case Opcode::Store: {
-            auto* store = static_cast<const StoreInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  store i32 " << ValueToString(store->GetValue())
-               << ", i32* " << ValueToString(store->GetPtr()) << "\n";
+            auto* st = static_cast<const StoreInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  store " << TypeVal(st->GetValue()) << ", "
+               << TypeToStr(*st->GetPtr()->GetType()) << " "
+               << ValStr(st->GetPtr()) << "\n";
             break;
           }
+          // ── 控制流 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
           case Opcode::Ret: {
             auto* ret = static_cast<const ReturnInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  ret " << TypeToString(*ret->GetValue()->GetType()) << " "
-               << ValueToString(ret->GetValue()) << "\n";
+            if (!ret->HasValue()) {
+              os << "  ret void\n";
+            } else {
+              auto* v = ret->GetValue();
+              os << "  ret " << TypeVal(v) << "\n";
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case Opcode::Br: {
+            auto* br = static_cast<const BrInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  br label %" << br->GetTarget()->GetName() << "\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          case Opcode::CondBr: {
+            auto* cbr = static_cast<const CondBrInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  br i1 " << ValStr(cbr->GetCond()) << ", label %"
+               << cbr->GetTrueBB()->GetName() << ", label %"
+               << cbr->GetFalseBB()->GetName() << "\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          // ── 调用 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+          case Opcode::Call: {
+            auto* call = static_cast<const CallInst*>(inst);
+            std::string ret_type_str;
+            if (call->IsVoid()) {
+              ret_type_str = "void";
+            } else {
+              ret_type_str = TypeToStr(*call->GetType());
+            }
+            // 打印赋值部分（仅当有返回值时）
+            if (!call->IsVoid() && !call->GetName().empty()) {
+              os << "  %" << call->GetName() << " = ";
+            } else {
+              os << "  ";
+            }
+            os << "call " << ret_type_str << " @" << call->GetCalleeName()
+               << "(";
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < call->GetNumArgs(); ++i) {
+              if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+              auto* arg = call->GetArg(i);
+              os << TypeVal(arg);
+            }
+            os << ")\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          // ── 类型转换 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+          case Opcode::ZExt: {
+            auto* ze = static_cast<const ZExtInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  %" << ze->GetName() << " = zext i1 "
+               << ValStr(ze->GetSrc()) << " to i32\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          case Opcode::SIToFP: {
+            auto* si = static_cast<const SIToFPInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  %" << si->GetName() << " = sitofp i32 "
+               << ValStr(si->GetSrc()) << " to float\n";
+            break;
+          }
+          case Opcode::FPToSI: {
+            auto* fp = static_cast<const FPToSIInst*>(inst);
+            os << "  %" << fp->GetName() << " = fptosi float "
+               << ValStr(fp->GetSrc()) << " to i32\n";
             break;
           }
         }
       }
     }
-    os << "}\n";
+    os << "}\n\n";
   }
 }
 

src/ir/Instruction.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-// IR 指令体系：
-// - 二元运算/比较、load/store、call、br/condbr、ret、phi、alloca 等
-// - 指令操作数与结果类型管理，支持打印与优化
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
 namespace ir {
+
+// ─── User ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 User::User(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
     : Value(std::move(ty), std::move(name)) {}
 
@@ -24,128 +24,251 @@ void User::SetOperand(size_t index, Value* value) {
   if (index >= operands_.size()) {
     throw std::out_of_range("User operand index out of range");
   }
-  if (!value) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "User operand 不能为空"));
-  }
   auto* old = operands_[index];
-  if (old == value) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (old) {
-    old->RemoveUse(this, index);
-  }
+  if (old == value) return;
+  if (old) old->RemoveUse(this, index);
   operands_[index] = value;
-  value->AddUse(this, index);
+  if (value) value->AddUse(this, index);
 }
 
 void User::AddOperand(Value* value) {
-  if (!value) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "User operand 不能为空"));
-  }
-  size_t operand_index = operands_.size();
+  size_t idx = operands_.size();
   operands_.push_back(value);
-  value->AddUse(this, operand_index);
+  if (value) value->AddUse(this, idx);
 }
 
+// ─── Instruction ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 Instruction::Instruction(Opcode op, std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
     : User(std::move(ty), std::move(name)), opcode_(op) {}
 
 Opcode Instruction::GetOpcode() const { return opcode_; }
 
-bool Instruction::IsTerminator() const { return opcode_ == Opcode::Ret; }
+bool Instruction::IsTerminator() const {
+  return opcode_ == Opcode::Ret || opcode_ == Opcode::Br ||
+         opcode_ == Opcode::CondBr;
+}
 
 BasicBlock* Instruction::GetParent() const { return parent_; }
-
 void Instruction::SetParent(BasicBlock* parent) { parent_ = parent; }
 
+// ─── BinaryInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 BinaryInst::BinaryInst(Opcode op, std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, Value* lhs,
                        Value* rhs, std::string name)
     : Instruction(op, std::move(ty), std::move(name)) {
-  if (op != Opcode::Add) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "BinaryInst 当前只支持 Add"));
+  if (op != Opcode::Add && op != Opcode::Sub && op != Opcode::Mul &&
+      op != Opcode::Div && op != Opcode::Mod && op != Opcode::FAdd &&
+      op != Opcode::FSub && op != Opcode::FMul && op != Opcode::FDiv) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+        FormatError("ir", "BinaryInst: 不支持的操作码"));
   }
   if (!lhs || !rhs) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "BinaryInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
-  if (!type_ || !lhs->GetType() || !rhs->GetType()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "BinaryInst 缺少类型信息"));
-  }
-  if (lhs->GetType()->GetKind() != rhs->GetType()->GetKind() ||
-      type_->GetKind() != lhs->GetType()->GetKind()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "BinaryInst 类型不匹配"));
+  AddOperand(lhs);
+  AddOperand(rhs);
+}
+
+Value* BinaryInst::GetLhs() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+Value* BinaryInst::GetRhs() const { return GetOperand(1); }
+
+// ─── ICmpInst ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ICmpInst::ICmpInst(ICmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::ICmp, Type::GetInt1Type(), std::move(name)),
+      pred_(pred) {
+  if (!lhs || !rhs) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "ICmpInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
-  if (!type_->IsInt32()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "BinaryInst 当前只支持 i32"));
+  AddOperand(lhs);
+  AddOperand(rhs);
+}
+
+Value* ICmpInst::GetLhs() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+Value* ICmpInst::GetRhs() const { return GetOperand(1); }
+
+// ─── FCmpInst ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+FCmpInst::FCmpInst(FCmpPredicate pred, Value* lhs, Value* rhs, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::FCmp, Type::GetInt1Type(), std::move(name)),
+      pred_(pred) {
+  if (!lhs || !rhs) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "FCmpInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
   AddOperand(lhs);
   AddOperand(rhs);
 }
 
-Value* BinaryInst::GetLhs() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+Value* FCmpInst::GetLhs() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+Value* FCmpInst::GetRhs() const { return GetOperand(1); }
 
-Value* BinaryInst::GetRhs() const { return GetOperand(1); }
+// ─── BrInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+BrInst::BrInst(BasicBlock* target)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Br, Type::GetVoidType(), "") {
+  if (!target) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "BrInst 缺少目标"));
+  }
+  AddOperand(target);
+}
+
+BasicBlock* BrInst::GetTarget() const {
+  return static_cast<BasicBlock*>(GetOperand(0));
+}
+
+// ─── CondBrInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+CondBrInst::CondBrInst(Value* cond, BasicBlock* true_bb, BasicBlock* false_bb)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::CondBr, Type::GetVoidType(), "") {
+  if (!cond || !true_bb || !false_bb) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "CondBrInst 缺少操作数"));
+  }
+  AddOperand(cond);
+  AddOperand(true_bb);
+  AddOperand(false_bb);
+}
+
+Value* CondBrInst::GetCond() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+BasicBlock* CondBrInst::GetTrueBB() const {
+  return static_cast<BasicBlock*>(GetOperand(1));
+}
+BasicBlock* CondBrInst::GetFalseBB() const {
+  return static_cast<BasicBlock*>(GetOperand(2));
+}
 
-ReturnInst::ReturnInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> void_ty, Value* val)
-    : Instruction(Opcode::Ret, std::move(void_ty), "") {
+// ─── CallInst ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+CallInst::CallInst(Function* callee, std::vector<Value*> args, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Call,
+                  callee ? callee->GetType() : Type::GetVoidType(),
+                  std::move(name)),
+      callee_(callee) {
+  if (!callee) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "CallInst: callee 为空"));
+  }
+  callee_name_ = callee->GetName();
+  for (auto* arg : args) {
+    AddOperand(arg);
+  }
+}
+
+CallInst::CallInst(std::string callee_name, std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type,
+                   std::vector<Value*> args, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Call, std::move(ret_type), std::move(name)),
+      callee_(nullptr),
+      callee_name_(std::move(callee_name)) {
+  for (auto* arg : args) {
+    AddOperand(arg);
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── ZExtInst ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ZExtInst::ZExtInst(Value* val, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::ZExt, Type::GetInt32Type(), std::move(name)) {
+  if (!val) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "ZExtInst 缺少操作数"));
+  }
+  AddOperand(val);
+}
+
+Value* ZExtInst::GetSrc() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+
+// ─── SIToFPInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+SIToFPInst::SIToFPInst(Value* val, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::SIToFP, Type::GetFloat32Type(), std::move(name)) {
   if (!val) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "ReturnInst 缺少返回值"));
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "SIToFPInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
-  if (!type_ || !type_->IsVoid()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "ReturnInst 返回类型必须为 void"));
+  AddOperand(val);
+}
+
+Value* SIToFPInst::GetSrc() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+
+// ─── FPToSIInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+FPToSIInst::FPToSIInst(Value* val, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::FPToSI, Type::GetInt32Type(), std::move(name)) {
+  if (!val) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "FPToSIInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
   AddOperand(val);
 }
 
-Value* ReturnInst::GetValue() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+Value* FPToSIInst::GetSrc() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+
+// ─── ReturnInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ReturnInst::ReturnInst(Value* val)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Ret, Type::GetVoidType(), "") {
+  if (val) {
+    AddOperand(val);
+  }
+}
+
+ReturnInst::ReturnInst()
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Ret, Type::GetVoidType(), "") {}
 
+Value* ReturnInst::GetValue() const {
+  return HasValue() ? GetOperand(0) : nullptr;
+}
+
+// ─── AllocaInst ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 AllocaInst::AllocaInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ptr_ty, std::string name)
-    : Instruction(Opcode::Alloca, std::move(ptr_ty), std::move(name)) {
-  if (!type_ || !type_->IsPtrInt32()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "AllocaInst 当前只支持 i32*"));
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Alloca, std::move(ptr_ty), std::move(name)),
+      num_elements_(1) {
+  if (!type_->IsPtrInt32() && !type_->IsPtrFloat32()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "AllocaInst 只支持 i32* 和 f32*"));
   }
 }
 
+AllocaInst::AllocaInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ptr_ty, int num_elements,
+                       std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Alloca, std::move(ptr_ty), std::move(name)),
+      num_elements_(num_elements) {
+  if (!type_->IsPtrInt32() && !type_->IsPtrFloat32()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "AllocaInst 只支持 i32* 和 f32*"));
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── GepInst ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+GepInst::GepInst(Value* base_ptr, Value* index, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Gep, Type::GetPtrInt32Type(), std::move(name)) {
+  if (!base_ptr || !index) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "GepInst 缺少操作数"));
+  }
+  AddOperand(base_ptr);
+  AddOperand(index);
+}
+
+Value* GepInst::GetBasePtr() const { return GetOperand(0); }
+Value* GepInst::GetIndex() const { return GetOperand(1); }
+
+// ─── LoadInst ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 LoadInst::LoadInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> val_ty, Value* ptr, std::string name)
     : Instruction(Opcode::Load, std::move(val_ty), std::move(name)) {
   if (!ptr) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "LoadInst 缺少 ptr"));
   }
-  if (!type_ || !type_->IsInt32()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "LoadInst 当前只支持加载 i32"));
-  }
-  if (!ptr->GetType() || !ptr->GetType()->IsPtrInt32()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "LoadInst 当前只支持从 i32* 加载"));
-  }
   AddOperand(ptr);
 }
 
 Value* LoadInst::GetPtr() const { return GetOperand(0); }
 
-StoreInst::StoreInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> void_ty, Value* val, Value* ptr)
-    : Instruction(Opcode::Store, std::move(void_ty), "") {
-  if (!val) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "StoreInst 缺少 value"));
-  }
-  if (!ptr) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "StoreInst 缺少 ptr"));
-  }
-  if (!type_ || !type_->IsVoid()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "StoreInst 返回类型必须为 void"));
-  }
-  if (!val->GetType() || !val->GetType()->IsInt32()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "StoreInst 当前只支持存储 i32"));
-  }
-  if (!ptr->GetType() || !ptr->GetType()->IsPtrInt32()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("ir", "StoreInst 当前只支持写入 i32*"));
+// ─── StoreInst ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+StoreInst::StoreInst(Value* val, Value* ptr)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Store, Type::GetVoidType(), "") {
+  if (!val || !ptr) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "StoreInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
   AddOperand(val);
   AddOperand(ptr);
 }
 
 Value* StoreInst::GetValue() const { return GetOperand(0); }
-
 Value* StoreInst::GetPtr() const { return GetOperand(1); }
 
+// ─── GlobalValue (占位) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+GlobalValue::GlobalValue(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
+    : User(std::move(ty), std::move(name)) {}
+
+// ─── GlobalVariable ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+GlobalVariable::GlobalVariable(std::string name, bool is_const, int init_val,
+                               int num_elements)
+    : Value(Type::GetPtrInt32Type(), std::move(name)),
+      is_const_(is_const),
+      init_val_(init_val),
+      num_elements_(num_elements) {}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/Module.cpp

@@ -1,21 +1,68 @@
-// 保存函数列表并提供模块级上下文访问。
-
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
+#include <stdexcept>
+
 namespace ir {
 
 Context& Module::GetContext() { return context_; }
-
 const Context& Module::GetContext() const { return context_; }
 
+// ─── 函数管理 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 Function* Module::CreateFunction(const std::string& name,
                                  std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type) {
   functions_.push_back(std::make_unique<Function>(name, std::move(ret_type)));
-  return functions_.back().get();
+  Function* f = functions_.back().get();
+  func_map_[name] = f;
+  return f;
+}
+
+Function* Module::GetFunction(const std::string& name) const {
+  auto it = func_map_.find(name);
+  return it == func_map_.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
 }
 
 const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Function>>& Module::GetFunctions() const {
   return functions_;
 }
 
+// ─── 全局变量管理 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+GlobalVariable* Module::CreateGlobalVariable(const std::string& name,
+                                             bool is_const, int init_val,
+                                             int num_elements) {
+  globals_.push_back(
+      std::make_unique<GlobalVariable>(name, is_const, init_val, num_elements));
+  GlobalVariable* g = globals_.back().get();
+  global_map_[name] = g;
+  return g;
+}
+
+GlobalVariable* Module::GetGlobalVariable(const std::string& name) const {
+  auto it = global_map_.find(name);
+  return it == global_map_.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<GlobalVariable>>&
+Module::GetGlobalVariables() const {
+  return globals_;
+}
+
+// ─── 外部函数声明 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+void Module::DeclareExternalFunc(const std::string& name,
+                                 std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type,
+                                 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Type>> param_types,
+                                 bool is_variadic) {
+  if (external_decl_index_.count(name)) return;  // 已声明，幂等
+  external_decl_index_[name] = external_decls_.size();
+  external_decls_.push_back(
+      {name, std::move(ret_type), std::move(param_types), is_variadic});
+}
+
+bool Module::HasExternalDecl(const std::string& name) const {
+  return external_decl_index_.count(name) > 0;
+}
+
+const std::vector<ExternalFuncDecl>& Module::GetExternalDecls() const {
+  return external_decls_;
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/Type.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// 当前仅支持 void、i32 和 i32*。
+// 支持 void, i1, i32, f32, i32*, f32*
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
 namespace ir {
@@ -10,22 +10,40 @@ const std::shared_ptr<Type>& Type::GetVoidType() {
   return type;
 }
 
+const std::shared_ptr<Type>& Type::GetInt1Type() {
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type> type = std::make_shared<Type>(Kind::Int1);
+  return type;
+}
+
 const std::shared_ptr<Type>& Type::GetInt32Type() {
   static const std::shared_ptr<Type> type = std::make_shared<Type>(Kind::Int32);
   return type;
 }
 
+const std::shared_ptr<Type>& Type::GetFloat32Type() {
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type> type = std::make_shared<Type>(Kind::Float32);
+  return type;
+}
+
 const std::shared_ptr<Type>& Type::GetPtrInt32Type() {
-  static const std::shared_ptr<Type> type = std::make_shared<Type>(Kind::PtrInt32);
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type> type =
+      std::make_shared<Type>(Kind::PtrInt32);
+  return type;
+}
+
+const std::shared_ptr<Type>& Type::GetPtrFloat32Type() {
+  static const std::shared_ptr<Type> type =
+      std::make_shared<Type>(Kind::PtrFloat32);
   return type;
 }
 
 Type::Kind Type::GetKind() const { return kind_; }
 
 bool Type::IsVoid() const { return kind_ == Kind::Void; }
-
+bool Type::IsInt1() const { return kind_ == Kind::Int1; }
 bool Type::IsInt32() const { return kind_ == Kind::Int32; }
-
+bool Type::IsFloat32() const { return kind_ == Kind::Float32; }
 bool Type::IsPtrInt32() const { return kind_ == Kind::PtrInt32; }
+bool Type::IsPtrFloat32() const { return kind_ == Kind::PtrFloat32; }
 
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/Value.cpp

@@ -17,26 +17,30 @@ const std::string& Value::GetName() const { return name_; }
 void Value::SetName(std::string n) { name_ = std::move(n); }
 
 bool Value::IsVoid() const { return type_ && type_->IsVoid(); }
-
+bool Value::IsInt1() const { return type_ && type_->IsInt1(); }
 bool Value::IsInt32() const { return type_ && type_->IsInt32(); }
-
+bool Value::IsFloat32() const { return type_ && type_->IsFloat32(); }
 bool Value::IsPtrInt32() const { return type_ && type_->IsPtrInt32(); }
+bool Value::IsPtrFloat32() const { return type_ && type_->IsPtrFloat32(); }
 
 bool Value::IsConstant() const {
   return dynamic_cast<const ConstantValue*>(this) != nullptr;
 }
-
 bool Value::IsInstruction() const {
   return dynamic_cast<const Instruction*>(this) != nullptr;
 }
-
 bool Value::IsUser() const {
   return dynamic_cast<const User*>(this) != nullptr;
 }
-
 bool Value::IsFunction() const {
   return dynamic_cast<const Function*>(this) != nullptr;
 }
+bool Value::IsBasicBlock() const {
+  return dynamic_cast<const BasicBlock*>(this) != nullptr;
+}
+bool Value::IsGlobalVariable() const {
+  return dynamic_cast<const GlobalVariable*>(this) != nullptr;
+}
 
 void Value::AddUse(User* user, size_t operand_index) {
   if (!user) return;
@@ -80,4 +84,7 @@ ConstantValue::ConstantValue(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
 ConstantInt::ConstantInt(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, int v)
     : ConstantValue(std::move(ty), ""), value_(v) {}
 
+ConstantFloat::ConstantFloat(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, float v)
+    : ConstantValue(std::move(ty), ""), value_(v) {}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/irgen/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ target_link_libraries(irgen PUBLIC
   build_options
   ${ANTLR4_RUNTIME_TARGET}
   ir
+  sem
 )

src/irgen/IRGenDecl.cpp

@@ -1,46 +1,53 @@
 #include "irgen/IRGen.h"
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "SysYParser.h"
 #include "ir/IR.h"
+#include "sem/func.h"
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
-namespace {
-
-std::string GetLValueName(SysYParser::LValueContext& lvalue) {
-  if (!lvalue.ID()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法左值"));
+// ─── EvalConstExprInt ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+int IRGenImpl::EvalConstExprInt(SysYParser::ConstExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) return 0;
+  try {
+    auto cv = sem::EvaluateConstExp(*ctx);
+    return static_cast<int>(cv.int_val);
+  } catch (...) {
+    return 0;
   }
-  return lvalue.ID()->getText();
 }
 
-}  // namespace
-
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitBlockStmt(SysYParser::BlockStmtContext* ctx) {
+// ─── visitBlock ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitBlock(SysYParser::BlockContext* ctx) {
   if (!ctx) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少语句块"));
   }
   for (auto* item : ctx->blockItem()) {
-    if (item) {
-      if (VisitBlockItemResult(*item) == BlockFlow::Terminated) {
-        // 当前语法要求 return 为块内最后一条语句；命中后可停止生成。
-        break;
-      }
+    if (!item) continue;
+    if (VisitBlockItemResult(*item) == BlockFlow::Terminated) {
+      return BlockFlow::Terminated;
     }
   }
-  return {};
+  return BlockFlow::Continue;
 }
 
 IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitBlockItemResult(
     SysYParser::BlockItemContext& item) {
-  return std::any_cast<BlockFlow>(item.accept(this));
+  auto result = item.accept(this);
+  if (result.has_value()) {
+    try {
+      return std::any_cast<BlockFlow>(result);
+    } catch (...) {}
+  }
+  return BlockFlow::Continue;
 }
 
 std::any IRGenImpl::visitBlockItem(SysYParser::BlockItemContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少块内项"));
-  }
+  if (!ctx) return BlockFlow::Continue;
   if (ctx->decl()) {
     ctx->decl()->accept(this);
     return BlockFlow::Continue;
@@ -48,60 +55,206 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitBlockItem(SysYParser::BlockItemContext* ctx) {
   if (ctx->stmt()) {
     return ctx->stmt()->accept(this);
   }
-  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "暂不支持的语句或声明"));
+  return BlockFlow::Continue;
 }
 
-// 变量声明的 IR 生成目前也是最小实现：
-// - 先检查声明的基础类型，当前仅支持局部 int；
-// - 再把 Decl 中的变量定义交给 visitVarDef 继续处理。
-//
-// 和更完整的版本相比，这里还没有：
-// - 一个 Decl 中多个变量定义的顺序处理；
-// - const、数组、全局变量等不同声明形态；
-// - 更丰富的类型系统。
+// ─── visitDecl ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 std::any IRGenImpl::visitDecl(SysYParser::DeclContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少变量声明"));
-  }
-  if (!ctx->btype() || !ctx->btype()->INT()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "当前仅支持局部 int 变量声明"));
-  }
-  auto* var_def = ctx->varDef();
-  if (!var_def) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法变量声明"));
-  }
-  var_def->accept(this);
+  if (!ctx) return {};
+  if (ctx->varDecl()) ctx->varDecl()->accept(this);
+  if (ctx->constDecl()) ctx->constDecl()->accept(this);
   return {};
 }
 
+// ─── visitConstDecl ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitConstDecl(SysYParser::ConstDeclContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) return {};
+  bool is_float = ctx->bType() && ctx->bType()->Float();
 
-// 当前仍是教学用的最小版本，因此这里只支持：
-// - 局部 int 变量；
-// - 标量初始化；
-// - 一个 VarDef 对应一个槽位。
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少变量定义"));
+  for (auto* constDef : ctx->constDef()) {
+    if (!constDef || !constDef->Ident()) continue;
+    std::string name = constDef->Ident()->getText();
+
+    // 计算维度
+    std::vector<int> dims;
+    for (auto* ce : constDef->constExp()) {
+      dims.push_back(EvalConstExprInt(ce));
+    }
+    bool is_array = !dims.empty();
+
+    if (!is_array) {
+      // 标量常量
+      if (is_float) {
+        float val = 0.0f;
+        if (constDef->constInitVal() && constDef->constInitVal()->constExp()) {
+          try {
+            auto cv = sem::EvaluateConstExp(*constDef->constInitVal()->constExp());
+            val = static_cast<float>(cv.float_val);
+          } catch (...) {
+            val = 0.0f;
+          }
+        }
+        // 全局和局部都直接存储为常量（简化处理）
+        storage_map_[constDef] = builder_.CreateConstFloat(val);
+        if (in_global_scope_) {
+          global_storage_map_[constDef] = builder_.CreateConstFloat(val);
+        }
+      } else {
+        int val = 0;
+        if (constDef->constInitVal() && constDef->constInitVal()->constExp()) {
+          val = EvalConstExprInt(constDef->constInitVal()->constExp());
+        }
+        if (in_global_scope_) {
+          auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, true, val);
+          global_storage_map_[constDef] = gv;
+        } else {
+          storage_map_[constDef] = builder_.CreateConstInt(val);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 数组常量
+      int total = 1;
+      for (int d : dims) total *= (d > 0 ? d : 1);
+
+      if (in_global_scope_) {
+        auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, true, 0, total);
+        global_storage_map_[constDef] = gv;
+        global_array_dims_[constDef] = dims;
+      } else {
+        auto* slot = builder_.CreateAllocaArray(total, name);
+        storage_map_[constDef] = slot;
+        array_dims_[constDef] = dims;
+        // 扁平化初始化
+        if (constDef->constInitVal()) {
+          std::vector<int> flat;
+          flat.reserve(total);
+          std::function<void(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext*)> flatten =
+              [&](SysYParser::ConstInitValContext* iv) {
+                if (!iv) return;
+                if (iv->constExp()) {
+                  flat.push_back(EvalConstExprInt(iv->constExp()));
+                } else {
+                  for (auto* sub : iv->constInitVal()) flatten(sub);
+                }
+              };
+          flatten(constDef->constInitVal());
+          for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+            int v = (i < (int)flat.size()) ? flat[i] : 0;
+            auto* ptr = builder_.CreateGep(
+                slot, builder_.CreateConstInt(i),
+                module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+            builder_.CreateStore(builder_.CreateConstInt(v), ptr);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
-  if (!ctx->lValue()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "变量声明缺少名称"));
+  return {};
+}
+
+// ─── visitVarDecl ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarDecl(SysYParser::VarDeclContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) return {};
+  for (auto* varDef : ctx->varDef()) {
+    if (varDef) varDef->accept(this);
   }
-  GetLValueName(*ctx->lValue());
-  if (storage_map_.find(ctx) != storage_map_.end()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "声明重复生成存储槽位"));
+  return {};
+}
+
+// ─── visitVarDef ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->Ident()) return {};
+  std::string name = ctx->Ident()->getText();
+
+  // 获取类型（从父节点 VarDecl）
+  auto* parent = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::VarDeclContext*>(ctx->parent);
+  bool is_float = parent && parent->bType() && parent->bType()->Float();
+
+  // 计算维度
+  std::vector<int> dims;
+  for (auto* ce : ctx->constExp()) {
+    dims.push_back(EvalConstExprInt(ce));
   }
-  auto* slot = builder_.CreateAllocaI32(module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-  storage_map_[ctx] = slot;
+  bool is_array = !dims.empty();
 
-  ir::Value* init = nullptr;
-  if (auto* init_value = ctx->initValue()) {
-    if (!init_value->exp()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "当前不支持聚合初始化"));
+  if (in_global_scope_) {
+    if (!is_array) {
+      // 全局标量：初始化器必须是常量，简化处理为0
+      int init_val = 0;
+      if (ctx->initVal() && ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
+        try {
+          auto cv = sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->initVal()->exp()->addExp());
+          init_val = static_cast<int>(cv.int_val);
+        } catch (...) {
+          init_val = 0;
+        }
+      }
+      auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, false, init_val);
+      global_storage_map_[ctx] = gv;
+    } else {
+      int total = 1;
+      for (int d : dims) total *= (d > 0 ? d : 1);
+      auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, false, 0, total);
+      global_storage_map_[ctx] = gv;
+      global_array_dims_[ctx] = dims;
     }
-    init = EvalExpr(*init_value->exp());
   } else {
-    init = builder_.CreateConstInt(0);
+    if (storage_map_.count(ctx)) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          FormatError("irgen", "变量重复生成存储: " + name));
+    }
+
+    if (!is_array) {
+      auto* slot = is_float ? builder_.CreateAllocaF32(module_.GetContext().NextTemp())
+                            : builder_.CreateAllocaI32(module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+      storage_map_[ctx] = slot;
+      ir::Value* init;
+      if (ctx->initVal() && ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
+        init = EvalExpr(*ctx->initVal()->exp());
+      } else {
+        init = is_float ? static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f))
+                        : static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstInt(0));
+      }
+      builder_.CreateStore(init, slot);
+    } else {
+      int total = 1;
+      for (int d : dims) total *= (d > 0 ? d : 1);
+      auto* slot = builder_.CreateAllocaArray(total, name);
+      storage_map_[ctx] = slot;
+      array_dims_[ctx] = dims;
+
+      if (ctx->initVal()) {
+        // 收集扁平化初始值
+        std::vector<ir::Value*> flat;
+        flat.reserve(total);
+        std::function<void(SysYParser::InitValContext*)> flatten =
+            [&](SysYParser::InitValContext* iv) {
+              if (!iv) return;
+              if (iv->exp()) {
+                flat.push_back(EvalExpr(*iv->exp()));
+              } else {
+                for (auto* sub : iv->initVal()) flatten(sub);
+              }
+            };
+        flatten(ctx->initVal());
+        for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+          ir::Value* v = (i < (int)flat.size()) ? flat[i]
+                                                : builder_.CreateConstInt(0);
+          auto* ptr = builder_.CreateGep(
+              slot, builder_.CreateConstInt(i),
+              module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+          builder_.CreateStore(v, ptr);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // 零初始化
+        for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+          auto* ptr = builder_.CreateGep(
+              slot, builder_.CreateConstInt(i),
+              module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+          builder_.CreateStore(builder_.CreateConstInt(0), ptr);
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
-  builder_.CreateStore(init, slot);
   return {};
 }

src/irgen/IRGenExp.cpp

@@ -1,80 +1,604 @@
 #include "irgen/IRGen.h"
 
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "SysYParser.h"
 #include "ir/IR.h"
+#include "sem/func.h"
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
-// 表达式生成当前也只实现了很小的一个子集。
-// 目前支持：
-// - 整数字面量
-// - 普通局部变量读取
-// - 括号表达式
-// - 二元加法
-//
-// 还未支持：
-// - 减乘除与一元运算
-// - 赋值表达式
-// - 函数调用
-// - 数组、指针、下标访问
-// - 条件与比较表达式
-// - ...
+// ─── 辅助 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// 把 i32 值转成 i1（icmp ne i32 v, 0）
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::ToI1(ir::Value* v) {
+  if (!v) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToI1: null value"));
+  if (v->IsInt1()) return v;
+  return builder_.CreateICmp(ir::ICmpPredicate::NE, v,
+                             builder_.CreateConstInt(0),
+                             module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+}
+
+// 把 i1 值零扩展为 i32
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::ToI32(ir::Value* v) {
+  if (!v) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToI32: null value"));
+  if (v->IsInt32()) return v;
+  return builder_.CreateZExt(v, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+}
+
+// 转换为 float（如果是 int）
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::ToFloat(ir::Value* v) {
+  if (!v) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToFloat: null value"));
+  if (v->IsFloat32()) return v;
+  if (v->IsInt32()) return builder_.CreateSIToFP(v, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+  if (v->IsInt1()) {
+    auto* i32 = ToI32(v);
+    return builder_.CreateSIToFP(i32, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+  }
+  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToFloat: 不支持的类型"));
+}
+
+// 转换为 int（如果是 float）
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::ToInt(ir::Value* v) {
+  if (!v) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToInt: null value"));
+  if (v->IsInt32()) return v;
+  if (v->IsFloat32()) return builder_.CreateFPToSI(v, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+  if (v->IsInt1()) return ToI32(v);
+  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToInt: 不支持的类型"));
+}
+
+// 隐式类型转换：确保两个操作数类型一致（int 转 float）
+void IRGenImpl::ImplicitConvert(ir::Value*& lhs, ir::Value*& rhs) {
+  if (!lhs || !rhs) return;
+  bool lhs_float = lhs->IsFloat32();
+  bool rhs_float = rhs->IsFloat32();
+  if (lhs_float && !rhs_float) {
+    rhs = ToFloat(rhs);
+  } else if (!lhs_float && rhs_float) {
+    lhs = ToFloat(lhs);
+  }
+}
+
+// 求值 exp（i32）
 ir::Value* IRGenImpl::EvalExpr(SysYParser::ExpContext& expr) {
-  return std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(expr.accept(this));
+  auto result = expr.accept(this);
+  return std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
 }
 
+// 求值 addExp（i32）
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::EvalExprAdd(SysYParser::AddExpContext& expr) {
+  auto result = expr.accept(this);
+  return std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+}
+
+// 求值 cond（i1）
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::EvalCond(SysYParser::CondContext& cond) {
+  auto result = cond.accept(this);
+  auto* v = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+  return ToI1(v);
+}
 
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitParenExp(SysYParser::ParenExpContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx || !ctx->exp()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法括号表达式"));
+// 注册外部函数声明（幂等）
+void IRGenImpl::EnsureExternalDecl(const std::string& name) {
+  if (module_.HasExternalDecl(name) || module_.GetFunction(name)) return;
+  // SysY 标准运行库函数签名
+  if (name == "getint") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetInt32Type(), {});
+  } else if (name == "getch") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetInt32Type(), {});
+  } else if (name == "getfloat") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(), {});  // 近似
+  } else if (name == "putint") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
+  } else if (name == "putch") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
+  } else if (name == "putfloat") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(), {});
+  } else if (name == "putarray") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
+  } else if (name == "starttime" || name == "stoptime") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
+  } else {
+    // 未知外部函数，按 i32 返回声明
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetInt32Type(), {});
   }
-  return EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
 }
 
+// ─── 表达式访问器（返回 ir::Value*，i32） ─────────────────────────────────────
 
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitNumberExp(SysYParser::NumberExpContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx || !ctx->number() || !ctx->number()->ILITERAL()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "当前仅支持整数字面量"));
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitExp(SysYParser::ExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->addExp()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法表达式"));
   }
-  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
-      builder_.CreateConstInt(std::stoi(ctx->number()->getText())));
+  return ctx->addExp()->accept(this);
 }
 
-// 变量使用的处理流程：
-// 1. 先通过语义分析结果把变量使用绑定回声明；
-// 2. 再通过 storage_map_ 找到该声明对应的栈槽位；
-// 3. 最后生成 load，把内存中的值读出来。
-//
-// 因此当前 IRGen 自己不再做名字查找，而是直接消费 Sema 的绑定结果。
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarExp(SysYParser::VarExpContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx || !ctx->var() || !ctx->var()->ID()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "当前仅支持普通整型变量"));
+// addExp : mulExp (AddOp mulExp)*
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitAddExp(SysYParser::AddExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法加减表达式"));
   }
-  auto* decl = sema_.ResolveVarUse(ctx->var());
+  auto muls = ctx->mulExp();
+  if (muls.empty()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "addExp 缺少操作数"));
+  }
+
+  ir::Value* result = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(muls[0]->accept(this));
+  auto ops = ctx->AddOp();
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ops.size(); ++i) {
+    ir::Value* rhs = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(muls[i + 1]->accept(this));
+    ImplicitConvert(result, rhs);
+    std::string tmp = module_.GetContext().NextTemp();
+    std::string op = ops[i]->getText();
+    if (result->IsFloat32()) {
+      result = (op == "+") ? builder_.CreateFAdd(result, rhs, tmp)
+                           : builder_.CreateFSub(result, rhs, tmp);
+    } else {
+      result = (op == "+") ? builder_.CreateAdd(result, rhs, tmp)
+                           : builder_.CreateSub(result, rhs, tmp);
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+}
+
+// mulExp : unaryExp (MulOp unaryExp)*
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitMulExp(SysYParser::MulExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法乘除表达式"));
+  }
+  auto unarys = ctx->unaryExp();
+  if (unarys.empty()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "mulExp 缺少操作数"));
+  }
+
+  ir::Value* result = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(unarys[0]->accept(this));
+  auto ops = ctx->MulOp();
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ops.size(); ++i) {
+    ir::Value* rhs = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(unarys[i + 1]->accept(this));
+    ImplicitConvert(result, rhs);
+    std::string tmp = module_.GetContext().NextTemp();
+    std::string op = ops[i]->getText();
+    if (result->IsFloat32()) {
+      if (op == "*") result = builder_.CreateFMul(result, rhs, tmp);
+      else if (op == "/") result = builder_.CreateFDiv(result, rhs, tmp);
+      else throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "float 不支持取模"));
+    } else {
+      if (op == "*") result = builder_.CreateMul(result, rhs, tmp);
+      else if (op == "/") result = builder_.CreateDiv(result, rhs, tmp);
+      else result = builder_.CreateMod(result, rhs, tmp);
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+}
+
+// unaryExp : primaryExp
+//          | Ident L_PAREN (funcRParams)? R_PAREN
+//          | unaryOp unaryExp
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitUnaryExp(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法一元表达式"));
+  }
+
+  // ── 一元运算符 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->unaryOp() && ctx->unaryExp()) {
+    ir::Value* operand =
+        std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(ctx->unaryExp()->accept(this));
+    std::string op = ctx->unaryOp()->getText();
+    if (op == "-") {
+      if (operand->IsFloat32()) {
+        return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
+            builder_.CreateFSub(builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f), operand,
+                               module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
+      } else {
+        return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
+            builder_.CreateSub(builder_.CreateConstInt(0), operand,
+                              module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
+      }
+    } else if (op == "+") {
+      return static_cast<ir::Value*>(operand);
+    } else if (op == "!") {
+      ir::Value* cmp;
+      if (operand->IsFloat32()) {
+        cmp = builder_.CreateFCmp(ir::FCmpPredicate::OEQ, operand,
+                                  builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f),
+                                  module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+      } else {
+        operand = ToI32(operand);
+        cmp = builder_.CreateICmp(ir::ICmpPredicate::EQ, operand,
+                                  builder_.CreateConstInt(0),
+                                  module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+      }
+      return static_cast<ir::Value*>(ToI32(cmp));
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "不支持的一元运算符: " + op));
+  }
+
+  // ── 函数调用 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->Ident() && ctx->L_PAREN()) {
+    std::string callee_name = ctx->Ident()->getText();
+
+    // 收集实参
+    std::vector<ir::Value*> args;
+    if (ctx->funcRParams()) {
+      for (auto* exp : ctx->funcRParams()->exp()) {
+        args.push_back(EvalExpr(*exp));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 模块内已知函数？
+    ir::Function* callee = module_.GetFunction(callee_name);
+    if (callee) {
+      std::string ret_name =
+          callee->IsVoidReturn() ? "" : module_.GetContext().NextTemp();
+      auto* call =
+          builder_.CreateCall(callee, std::move(args), ret_name);
+      return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
+          callee->IsVoidReturn() ? static_cast<ir::Value*>(
+                                       builder_.CreateConstInt(0))
+                                 : call);
+    }
+
+    // 外部函数
+    EnsureExternalDecl(callee_name);
+    // 获取返回类型
+    std::shared_ptr<ir::Type> ret_type = ir::Type::GetInt32Type();
+    for (const auto& decl : module_.GetExternalDecls()) {
+      if (decl.name == callee_name) {
+        ret_type = decl.ret_type;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    bool is_void = ret_type->IsVoid();
+    std::string ret_name = is_void ? "" : module_.GetContext().NextTemp();
+    auto* call = builder_.CreateCallExternal(callee_name, ret_type,
+                                             std::move(args), ret_name);
+    // void 调用返回 0 占位
+    return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
+        is_void ? static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstInt(0)) : call);
+  }
+
+  // ── primaryExp ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->primaryExp()) {
+    return ctx->primaryExp()->accept(this);
+  }
+
+  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法一元表达式结构"));
+}
+
+// primaryExp : L_PAREN exp R_PAREN | lVar | number
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitPrimaryExp(SysYParser::PrimaryExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法基本表达式"));
+  }
+  if (ctx->exp()) {
+    return ctx->exp()->accept(this);
+  }
+  if (ctx->lVar()) {
+    return ctx->lVar()->accept(this);
+  }
+  if (ctx->number()) {
+    return ctx->number()->accept(this);
+  }
+  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "primaryExp 结构非法"));
+}
+
+// EvalLVarAddr：计算 lVar 的地址（支持数组索引）
+ir::Value* IRGenImpl::EvalLVarAddr(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->Ident()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法变量引用"));
+  }
+  auto* decl = sema_.ResolveVarUse(ctx->Ident());
   if (!decl) {
     throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("irgen",
-                    "变量使用缺少语义绑定: " + ctx->var()->ID()->getText()));
+        FormatError("irgen", "变量未绑定: " + ctx->Ident()->getText()));
   }
+
+  // 查找存储槽位
+  ir::Value* base = nullptr;
+  std::vector<int> dims;
+
   auto it = storage_map_.find(decl);
-  if (it == storage_map_.end()) {
+  if (it != storage_map_.end()) {
+    base = it->second;
+    auto dit = array_dims_.find(decl);
+    if (dit != array_dims_.end()) dims = dit->second;
+  } else {
+    auto git = global_storage_map_.find(decl);
+    if (git == global_storage_map_.end()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          FormatError("irgen", "变量无存储槽位: " + ctx->Ident()->getText()));
+    }
+    base = git->second;
+    auto gdit = global_array_dims_.find(decl);
+    if (gdit != global_array_dims_.end()) dims = gdit->second;
+  }
+
+  // 无索引 → 返回基地址
+  if (ctx->exp().empty()) return base;
+
+  // 有索引 → 计算扁平化偏移
+  auto indices = ctx->exp();
+
+  // 对于数组参数（第一维为-1），允许索引数等于维度数
+  bool is_array_param = !dims.empty() && dims[0] == -1;
+  if (!is_array_param && indices.size() > dims.size()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "数组索引维度过多"));
+  }
+
+  ir::Value* offset = builder_.CreateConstInt(0);
+
+  if (is_array_param) {
+    // 数组参数：dims[0]=-1, dims[1..n]是已知维度
+    // 索引：indices[0]对应第一维，indices[1]对应第二维...
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < indices.size(); ++i) {
+      ir::Value* idx = EvalExpr(*indices[i]);
+      if (i == 0) {
+        // 第一维：stride = dims[1] * dims[2] * ... (如果有的话)
+        int stride = 1;
+        for (size_t j = 1; j < dims.size(); ++j) {
+          stride *= dims[j];
+        }
+        if (stride > 1) {
+          ir::Value* scaled = builder_.CreateMul(
+              idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
+              module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+          offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, scaled,
+                                      module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        } else {
+          offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, idx,
+                                      module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        }
+      } else {
+        // 后续维度
+        int stride = 1;
+        for (size_t j = i + 1; j < dims.size(); ++j) {
+          stride *= dims[j];
+        }
+        ir::Value* scaled = builder_.CreateMul(
+            idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
+            module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, scaled,
+                                    module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // 普通数组：从最后一维开始计算
+    int stride = 1;
+    for (int i = (int)dims.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+      stride = (i == (int)dims.size() - 1) ? 1 : stride * dims[i + 1];
+      if (i < (int)indices.size()) {
+        ir::Value* idx = EvalExpr(*indices[i]);
+        ir::Value* scaled = builder_.CreateMul(
+            idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
+            module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, scaled,
+                                    module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return builder_.CreateGep(base, offset, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+}
+
+// lVar : Ident (L_BRAKT exp R_BRAKT)*
+// 在表达式语境下：load 变量值（返回 i32）
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitLVar(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->Ident()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法变量引用"));
+  }
+  auto* decl = sema_.ResolveVarUse(ctx->Ident());
+  if (!decl) {
     throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("irgen",
-                    "变量声明缺少存储槽位: " + ctx->var()->ID()->getText()));
+        FormatError("irgen", "变量未绑定: " + ctx->Ident()->getText()));
+  }
+
+  // 标量常量（ConstDefContext 且无索引）
+  if (auto* const_def = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::ConstDefContext*>(decl)) {
+    if (ctx->exp().empty()) {
+      // 先查局部
+      auto it = storage_map_.find(const_def);
+      if (it != storage_map_.end()) {
+        if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<ir::ConstantInt*>(it->second)) {
+          return static_cast<ir::Value*>(ci);
+        }
+        if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<ir::ConstantFloat*>(it->second)) {
+          return static_cast<ir::Value*>(cf);
+        }
+      }
+      // 再查全局
+      auto git = global_storage_map_.find(const_def);
+      if (git != global_storage_map_.end()) {
+        if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<ir::ConstantFloat*>(git->second)) {
+          return static_cast<ir::Value*>(cf);
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
+
+  // 通用路径：计算地址并 load
+  ir::Value* addr = EvalLVarAddr(ctx);
   return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
-      builder_.CreateLoad(it->second, module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
+      builder_.CreateLoad(addr, module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
 }
 
+// number : IntConst | FloatConst
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitNumber(SysYParser::NumberContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法数字"));
+  }
+  if (ctx->IntConst()) {
+    std::string text = ctx->IntConst()->getText();
+    int val = 0;
+    try {
+      val = std::stoi(text, nullptr, 0);
+    } catch (...) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          FormatError("irgen", "整数字面量解析失败: " + text));
+    }
+    return static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstInt(val));
+  }
+  if (ctx->FloatConst()) {
+    std::string text = ctx->FloatConst()->getText();
+    float val = 0.0f;
+    try {
+      val = std::stof(text);
+    } catch (...) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          FormatError("irgen", "浮点字面量解析失败: " + text));
+    }
+    return static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstFloat(val));
+  }
+  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法数字节点"));
+}
+
+// ─── 条件表达式访问器（返回 ir::Value*，i1） ──────────────────────────────────
 
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitAdditiveExp(SysYParser::AdditiveExpContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx || !ctx->exp(0) || !ctx->exp(1)) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法加法表达式"));
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitCond(SysYParser::CondContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->lOrExp()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法条件"));
   }
-  ir::Value* lhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp(0));
-  ir::Value* rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp(1));
-  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(
-      builder_.CreateBinary(ir::Opcode::Add, lhs, rhs,
-                            module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
+  return ctx->lOrExp()->accept(this);
+}
+
+// lOrExp : lAndExp ('||' lAndExp)*
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitLOrExp(SysYParser::LOrExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法 lOrExp"));
+  auto ands = ctx->lAndExp();
+  if (ands.empty()) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "lOrExp 空"));
+
+  ir::Value* result = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(ands[0]->accept(this));
+  result = ToI1(result);
+
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < ands.size(); ++i) {
+    // 检查当前块是否已终结
+    if (builder_.GetInsertBlock() && builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // 短路：result || rhs
+    auto* res_slot = builder_.CreateAllocaI32(module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+    ir::Value* res_ext = ToI32(result);
+    builder_.CreateStore(res_ext, res_slot);
+
+    ir::BasicBlock* rhs_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".or.rhs");
+    ir::BasicBlock* end_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".or.end");
+    builder_.CreateCondBr(result, end_bb, rhs_bb);
+
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(rhs_bb);
+    ir::Value* rhs = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(ands[i]->accept(this));
+    rhs = ToI32(ToI1(rhs));
+    if (!builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      builder_.CreateStore(rhs, res_slot);
+      builder_.CreateBr(end_bb);
+    }
+
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(end_bb);
+    result = ToI1(builder_.CreateLoad(res_slot, module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
+  }
+  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+}
+
+// lAndExp : eqExp ('&&' eqExp)*
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitLAndExp(SysYParser::LAndExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法 lAndExp"));
+  auto eqs = ctx->eqExp();
+  if (eqs.empty()) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "lAndExp 空"));
+
+  ir::Value* result = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(eqs[0]->accept(this));
+  result = ToI1(result);
+
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < eqs.size(); ++i) {
+    // 检查当前块是否已终结
+    if (builder_.GetInsertBlock() && builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    auto* res_slot = builder_.CreateAllocaI32(module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+    ir::Value* res_ext = ToI32(result);
+    builder_.CreateStore(res_ext, res_slot);
+
+    ir::BasicBlock* rhs_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".and.rhs");
+    ir::BasicBlock* end_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".and.end");
+    builder_.CreateCondBr(result, rhs_bb, end_bb);
+
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(rhs_bb);
+    ir::Value* rhs = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(eqs[i]->accept(this));
+    rhs = ToI32(ToI1(rhs));
+    if (!builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      builder_.CreateStore(rhs, res_slot);
+      builder_.CreateBr(end_bb);
+    }
+
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(end_bb);
+    result = ToI1(builder_.CreateLoad(res_slot, module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
+  }
+  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+}
+
+// eqExp : relExp (EqOp relExp)*
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitEqExp(SysYParser::EqExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法 eqExp"));
+  auto rels = ctx->relExp();
+  if (rels.empty()) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "eqExp 空"));
+
+  ir::Value* result = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(rels[0]->accept(this));
+  auto ops = ctx->EqOp();
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ops.size(); ++i) {
+    ir::Value* rhs = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(rels[i + 1]->accept(this));
+    ir::Value* lhs = result;
+    ImplicitConvert(lhs, rhs);
+    std::string op = ops[i]->getText();
+    if (lhs->IsFloat32()) {
+      ir::FCmpPredicate pred = (op == "==") ? ir::FCmpPredicate::OEQ : ir::FCmpPredicate::ONE;
+      result = builder_.CreateFCmp(pred, lhs, rhs, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+    } else {
+      lhs = ToI32(lhs);
+      rhs = ToI32(rhs);
+      ir::ICmpPredicate pred = (op == "==") ? ir::ICmpPredicate::EQ : ir::ICmpPredicate::NE;
+      result = builder_.CreateICmp(pred, lhs, rhs, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
+}
+
+// relExp : addExp (RelOp addExp)*
+std::any IRGenImpl::visitRelExp(SysYParser::RelExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "非法 relExp"));
+  auto adds = ctx->addExp();
+  if (adds.empty()) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "relExp 空"));
+
+  ir::Value* result = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(adds[0]->accept(this));
+  auto ops = ctx->RelOp();
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ops.size(); ++i) {
+    ir::Value* rhs = std::any_cast<ir::Value*>(adds[i + 1]->accept(this));
+    ir::Value* lhs = result;
+    ImplicitConvert(lhs, rhs);
+    std::string op = ops[i]->getText();
+    if (lhs->IsFloat32()) {
+      ir::FCmpPredicate pred;
+      if (op == "<")       pred = ir::FCmpPredicate::OLT;
+      else if (op == ">")  pred = ir::FCmpPredicate::OGT;
+      else if (op == "<=") pred = ir::FCmpPredicate::OLE;
+      else                 pred = ir::FCmpPredicate::OGE;
+      result = builder_.CreateFCmp(pred, lhs, rhs, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+    } else {
+      lhs = ToI32(lhs);
+      rhs = ToI32(rhs);
+      ir::ICmpPredicate pred;
+      if (op == "<")       pred = ir::ICmpPredicate::SLT;
+      else if (op == ">")  pred = ir::ICmpPredicate::SGT;
+      else if (op == "<=") pred = ir::ICmpPredicate::SLE;
+      else                 pred = ir::ICmpPredicate::SGE;
+      result = builder_.CreateICmp(pred, lhs, rhs, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<ir::Value*>(result);
 }

src/irgen/IRGenFunc.cpp

@@ -1,87 +1,130 @@
 #include "irgen/IRGen.h"
 
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "SysYParser.h"
 #include "ir/IR.h"
+#include "sem/func.h"
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
-namespace {
-
-void VerifyFunctionStructure(const ir::Function& func) {
-  // 当前 IRGen 仍是单入口、顺序生成；这里在生成结束后补一层块终结校验。
-  for (const auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
-    if (!bb || !bb->HasTerminator()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(
-          FormatError("irgen", "基本块未正确终结: " +
-                                   (bb ? bb->GetName() : std::string("<null>"))));
-    }
+// 辅助：求值表达式为整数（用于数组维度）
+static int EvalExprInt(SysYParser::ExpContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) return 0;
+  try {
+    auto cv = sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->addExp());
+    return static_cast<int>(cv.int_val);
+  } catch (...) {
+    return 0;
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace
-
+// ─── 构造函数 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 IRGenImpl::IRGenImpl(ir::Module& module, const SemanticContext& sema)
     : module_(module),
       sema_(sema),
       func_(nullptr),
       builder_(module.GetContext(), nullptr) {}
 
-// 编译单元的 IR 生成当前只实现了最小功能：
-// - Module 已在 GenerateIR 中创建，这里只负责继续生成其中的内容；
-// - 当前会读取编译单元中的函数定义，并交给 visitFuncDef 生成函数 IR；
-//
-// 当前还没有实现：
-// - 多个函数定义的遍历与生成；
-// - 全局变量、全局常量的 IR 生成。
+// ─── visitCompUnit ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 std::any IRGenImpl::visitCompUnit(SysYParser::CompUnitContext* ctx) {
   if (!ctx) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少编译单元"));
   }
-  auto* func = ctx->funcDef();
-  if (!func) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少函数定义"));
+  // 先处理全局声明
+  in_global_scope_ = true;
+  for (auto* decl : ctx->decl()) {
+    if (decl) decl->accept(this);
+  }
+  in_global_scope_ = false;
+  // 再生成函数
+  for (auto* funcDef : ctx->funcDef()) {
+    if (funcDef) funcDef->accept(this);
   }
-  func->accept(this);
   return {};
 }
 
-// 函数 IR 生成当前实现了：
-// 1. 获取函数名；
-// 2. 检查函数返回类型；
-// 3. 在 Module 中创建 Function；
-// 4. 将 builder 插入点设置到入口基本块；
-// 5. 继续生成函数体。
-//
-// 当前还没有实现：
-// - 通用函数返回类型处理；
-// - 形参列表遍历与参数类型收集；
-// - FunctionType 这样的函数类型对象；
-// - Argument/形式参数 IR 对象；
-// - 入口块中的参数初始化逻辑。
-// ...
-
-// 因此这里目前只支持最小的“无参 int 函数”生成。
+// ─── visitFuncDef ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 std::any IRGenImpl::visitFuncDef(SysYParser::FuncDefContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少函数定义"));
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->Ident()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少函数定义或函数名"));
   }
-  if (!ctx->blockStmt()) {
+  if (!ctx->block()) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "函数体为空"));
   }
-  if (!ctx->ID()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少函数名"));
+
+  std::string func_name = ctx->Ident()->getText();
+
+  // 确定返回类型
+  std::shared_ptr<ir::Type> ret_type;
+  if (!ctx->funcType()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少函数返回类型"));
   }
-  if (!ctx->funcType() || !ctx->funcType()->INT()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "当前仅支持无参 int 函数"));
+  if (ctx->funcType()->Void()) {
+    ret_type = ir::Type::GetVoidType();
+  } else if (ctx->funcType()->Int()) {
+    ret_type = ir::Type::GetInt32Type();
+  } else if (ctx->funcType()->Float()) {
+    ret_type = ir::Type::GetFloat32Type();
+  } else {
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+        FormatError("irgen", "函数 " + func_name + " 返回类型不支持"));
   }
 
-  func_ = module_.CreateFunction(ctx->ID()->getText(), ir::Type::GetInt32Type());
-  builder_.SetInsertPoint(func_->GetEntry());
+  func_ = module_.CreateFunction(func_name, ret_type);
   storage_map_.clear();
 
-  ctx->blockStmt()->accept(this);
-  // 语义正确性主要由 sema 保证，这里只兜底检查 IR 结构是否合法。
-  VerifyFunctionStructure(*func_);
+  // 设置插入点到入口块
+  builder_.SetInsertPoint(func_->GetEntry());
+
+  // 处理参数
+  if (ctx->funcFParams()) {
+    for (auto* param : ctx->funcFParams()->funcFParam()) {
+      if (!param || !param->Ident()) continue;
+      std::string pname = param->Ident()->getText();
+
+      bool is_float = param->bType() && param->bType()->Float();
+      bool is_array_param = !param->L_BRAKT().empty();
+
+      if (is_array_param) {
+        // 数组参数：传递为指针
+        auto ptr_type = is_float ? ir::Type::GetPtrFloat32Type() : ir::Type::GetPtrInt32Type();
+        ir::Argument* arg = func_->AddArgument(ptr_type, pname);
+        storage_map_[param] = arg;
+
+        // 记录维度信息（第一维未知，后续维度从 exp 中获取）
+        std::vector<int> dims;
+        dims.push_back(-1);  // 第一维未知
+        for (auto* exp_ctx : param->exp()) {
+          dims.push_back(EvalExprInt(exp_ctx));
+        }
+        array_dims_[param] = dims;  // 始终记录，包括一维数组参数
+      } else {
+        // 标量参数
+        auto arg_type = is_float ? ir::Type::GetFloat32Type() : ir::Type::GetInt32Type();
+        ir::Argument* arg = func_->AddArgument(arg_type, pname);
+        auto* slot = is_float ? builder_.CreateAllocaF32(pname + ".addr")
+                              : builder_.CreateAllocaI32(pname + ".addr");
+        storage_map_[param] = slot;
+        builder_.CreateStore(arg, slot);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 生成函数体
+  ctx->block()->accept(this);
+
+  // 若最后一个基本块没有 terminator，自动补 ret
+  auto* last_bb = builder_.GetInsertBlock();
+  if (last_bb && !last_bb->HasTerminator()) {
+    if (ret_type->IsVoid()) {
+      builder_.CreateRetVoid();
+    } else if (ret_type->IsFloat32()) {
+      builder_.CreateRet(builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f));
+    } else {
+      builder_.CreateRet(builder_.CreateConstInt(0));
+    }
+  }
+
   return {};
 }

src/irgen/IRGenStmt.cpp

@@ -1,39 +1,188 @@
 #include "irgen/IRGen.h"
 
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "SysYParser.h"
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
-// 语句生成当前只实现了最小子集。
-// 目前支持：
-// - return <exp>;
-//
-// 还未支持：
-// - 赋值语句
-// - if / while 等控制流
-// - 空语句、块语句嵌套分发之外的更多语句形态
-
+// ─── visitStmt ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 std::any IRGenImpl::visitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少语句"));
+  return VisitStmt(*ctx);
+}
+
+IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
+  auto* ctx = &s;
+
+  // 若当前块已经终结，跳过死代码
+  {
+    auto* cur = builder_.GetInsertBlock();
+    if (cur && cur->HasTerminator()) return BlockFlow::Terminated;
   }
-  if (ctx->returnStmt()) {
-    return ctx->returnStmt()->accept(this);
+
+  // ── return ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->Return()) {
+    if (ctx->exp()) {
+      ir::Value* v = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
+      builder_.CreateRet(v);
+    } else {
+      builder_.CreateRetVoid();
+    }
+    return BlockFlow::Terminated;
+  }
+
+  // ── break ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->Break()) {
+    if (loop_stack_.empty()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "break 在循环外"));
+    }
+    builder_.CreateBr(loop_stack_.back().after_bb);
+    return BlockFlow::Terminated;
   }
-  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "暂不支持的语句类型"));
-}
 
+  // ── continue ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->Continue()) {
+    if (loop_stack_.empty()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "continue 在循环外"));
+    }
+    builder_.CreateBr(loop_stack_.back().cond_bb);
+    return BlockFlow::Terminated;
+  }
 
-std::any IRGenImpl::visitReturnStmt(SysYParser::ReturnStmtContext* ctx) {
-  if (!ctx) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "缺少 return 语句"));
+  // ── 赋值 lVar = exp ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->lVar() && ctx->Assign()) {
+    ir::Value* rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
+    ir::Value* addr = EvalLVarAddr(ctx->lVar());
+    builder_.CreateStore(rhs, addr);
+    return BlockFlow::Continue;
   }
-  if (!ctx->exp()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "return 缺少表达式"));
+
+  // ── 纯表达式语句 (exp)? ; ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->Semi() && !ctx->Return() && !ctx->If() && !ctx->While() &&
+      !ctx->Break() && !ctx->Continue() && !ctx->Assign()) {
+    if (ctx->exp()) {
+      EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
+    }
+    return BlockFlow::Continue;
   }
-  ir::Value* v = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
-  builder_.CreateRet(v);
-  return BlockFlow::Terminated;
+
+  // ── if ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->If()) {
+    if (!ctx->cond()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "if 缺少条件"));
+    }
+
+    auto stmts = ctx->stmt();
+    ir::BasicBlock* then_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".if.then");
+    ir::BasicBlock* else_bb = nullptr;
+    ir::BasicBlock* merge_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".if.end");
+
+    // 求值条件（可能创建短路求值块）
+    ir::Value* cond_val = EvalCond(*ctx->cond());
+
+    // 检查当前块是否已终结（短路求值可能导致）
+    if (builder_.GetInsertBlock() && builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      // 条件求值已经终结了当前块，无法继续
+      // 这种情况下，我们需要在merge_bb继续
+      builder_.SetInsertPoint(merge_bb);
+      return BlockFlow::Continue;
+    }
+
+    if (stmts.size() >= 2) {
+      // if-else
+      else_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".if.else");
+      builder_.CreateCondBr(cond_val, then_bb, else_bb);
+    } else {
+      builder_.CreateCondBr(cond_val, then_bb, merge_bb);
+    }
+
+    // then 分支
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(then_bb);
+    auto then_flow = VisitStmt(*stmts[0]);
+    if (then_flow != BlockFlow::Terminated) {
+      builder_.CreateBr(merge_bb);
+    }
+
+    // else 分支
+    if (else_bb) {
+      builder_.SetInsertPoint(else_bb);
+      auto else_flow = VisitStmt(*stmts[1]);
+      if (else_flow != BlockFlow::Terminated) {
+        builder_.CreateBr(merge_bb);
+      }
+    }
+
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(merge_bb);
+    return BlockFlow::Continue;
+  }
+
+  // ── while ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->While()) {
+    if (!ctx->cond()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "while 缺少条件"));
+    }
+    ir::BasicBlock* cond_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".while.cond");
+    ir::BasicBlock* body_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".while.body");
+    ir::BasicBlock* after_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".while.end");
+
+    // 跳转到条件块
+    if (!builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      builder_.CreateBr(cond_bb);
+    }
+
+    // 条件块
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(cond_bb);
+    ir::Value* cond_val = EvalCond(*ctx->cond());
+
+    // 检查条件求值后是否已终结
+    if (!builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      builder_.CreateCondBr(cond_val, body_bb, after_bb);
+    }
+
+    // 循环体（压入循环栈）
+    loop_stack_.push_back({cond_bb, after_bb});
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(body_bb);
+    auto stmts = ctx->stmt();
+    if (!stmts.empty()) {
+      auto body_flow = VisitStmt(*stmts[0]);
+      if (body_flow != BlockFlow::Terminated) {
+        builder_.CreateBr(cond_bb);  // 循环回跳
+      }
+    } else {
+      builder_.CreateBr(cond_bb);
+    }
+    loop_stack_.pop_back();
+
+    builder_.SetInsertPoint(after_bb);
+    return BlockFlow::Continue;
+  }
+
+  // ── 块语句 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->block()) {
+    auto result = ctx->block()->accept(this);
+    if (result.has_value()) {
+      try {
+        auto flow = std::any_cast<BlockFlow>(result);
+        if (flow == BlockFlow::Terminated) return BlockFlow::Terminated;
+      } catch (...) {}
+    }
+    // 检查 builder 的实际状态
+    if (builder_.GetInsertBlock() && builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
+      return BlockFlow::Terminated;
+    }
+    return BlockFlow::Continue;
+  }
+
+  // ── 空语句 ; ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (ctx->Semi()) {
+    return BlockFlow::Continue;
+  }
+
+  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "不支持的语句类型"));
 }

src/sem/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ add_library(sem STATIC
   Sema.cpp
   SymbolTable.cpp
   ConstEval.cpp
+  func.cpp
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(sem PUBLIC
   build_options
   ${ANTLR4_RUNTIME_TARGET}
-)
+)

src/sem/Sema.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 #include "sem/Sema.h"
 
 #include <any>
-#include <climits>
-#include <cfloat>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "SysYBaseVisitor.h"
-#include "sem/SymbolTable.h"
 #include "sem/func.h"
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
@@ -16,200 +14,267 @@ using namespace sem;
 
 namespace {
 
-// 编译时求值常量表达式
+// ─── 作用域栈 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+class ScopeStack {
+ public:
+  void PushScope() { scopes_.emplace_back(); }
+  void PopScope() {
+    if (!scopes_.empty()) scopes_.pop_back();
+  }
+  // 在当前作用域定义符号
+  void Define(const std::string& name, antlr4::ParserRuleContext* decl) {
+    if (scopes_.empty()) return;
+    scopes_.back()[name] = decl;
+  }
+  // 检查当前作用域是否已定义（用于重复定义检查）
+  bool ContainsInCurrent(const std::string& name) const {
+    return !scopes_.empty() && scopes_.back().count(name) > 0;
+  }
+  // 向上查找
+  antlr4::ParserRuleContext* Lookup(const std::string& name) const {
+    for (auto it = scopes_.rbegin(); it != scopes_.rend(); ++it) {
+      auto found = it->find(name);
+      if (found != it->end()) return found->second;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<std::unordered_map<std::string, antlr4::ParserRuleContext*>>
+      scopes_;
+};
 
+// ─── 语义分析访问者 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class SemaVisitor final : public SysYBaseVisitor {
  public:
+  // 顶层：global scope → decl (global var/const) → funcDef
   std::any visitCompUnit(SysYParser::CompUnitContext* ctx) override {
     if (!ctx) {
       throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "缺少编译单元"));
     }
-    
-    // 先处理声明（包括常量声明）
-    auto decls = ctx->decl();
-    for (auto* decl : decls) {
-      decl->accept(this);
+    scope_.PushScope();  // global scope
+    // 先处理全局声明
+    for (auto* decl : ctx->decl()) {
+      if (decl) decl->accept(this);
     }
-    
     // 再处理函数定义
-    auto funcs = ctx->funcDef();
-    int count = 0;
-    int len = funcs.size();
-    if(len == 0){
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "缺少 main 函数定义"));
-    }
-    for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i){
-      auto* func = ctx->funcDef(i);
-      func->accept(this);
-      if(!func->Ident() || func->Ident()->getText() == "main"){
-        count ++;
-        if(count > 1){
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "有多个 main 函数定义"));
-        }
-        if(func->funcFParams()){
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "main 函数不该有参数"));
-        }
-        if(!func->funcType() || !func->funcType()->Int()){
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "main 函数的返回值必须是 Int"));
-        }
+    bool has_main = false;
+    for (auto* func : ctx->funcDef()) {
+      if (!func) continue;
+      if (func->Ident() && func->Ident()->getText() == "main") {
+        has_main = true;
       }
+      func->accept(this);
+    }
+    if (!has_main && ctx->funcDef().empty()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "缺少函数定义"));
     }
+    scope_.PopScope();
     return {};
   }
 
-  std::any visitConstDecl(SysYParser::ConstDeclContext* ctx) {
-    if (!ctx || !ctx->bType()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "非法常量声明"));
-    }
-    
-    // 获取类型信息
-    bool is_int = ctx->bType()->Int() != nullptr;
-    bool is_float = ctx->bType()->Float() != nullptr;
-    
-    // 处理所有常量定义
-    auto const_defs = ctx->constDef();
-    for (auto* const_def : const_defs) {
-      // 检查标识符
-      if (!const_def->Ident()) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "常量声明缺少标识符"));
-      }
-      
-      std::string name = const_def->Ident()->getText();
-      
-      // 检查是否重复定义
-      if (table_.Contains(name)) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "重复定义常量: " + name));
-      }
-      
-      // 处理数组维度
-      auto const_exps = const_def->constExp();
-      std::vector<size_t> dimensions;
-      for (auto* const_exp : const_exps) {
-        ConstValue value = EvaluateConstExp(*const_exp);
-        if (!value.is_int) {
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "数组维度必须是整数"));
+  // 函数定义：参数入作用域 → 函数体
+  std::any visitFuncDef(SysYParser::FuncDefContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    scope_.PushScope();
+    if (auto* params = ctx->funcFParams()) {
+      for (auto* param : params->funcFParam()) {
+        if (!param || !param->Ident()) continue;
+        std::string name = param->Ident()->getText();
+        if (scope_.ContainsInCurrent(name)) {
+          throw std::runtime_error(
+              FormatError("sema", "参数重复定义: " + name));
         }
-        if (value.int_val < 0) {
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "数组维度必须是非负整数"));
-        }
-        dimensions.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(value.int_val));
-      }
-      
-      // 处理初始化器
-      auto* init_val = const_def->constInitVal();
-      if (init_val) {
-        // 检查标量常量的初始化器
-        if (dimensions.empty()) {
-          // 标量常量，ConstInitVal必须是单个初始数值，不能是花括号列表
-          if (init_val->L_BRACE()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "单个常量只能赋单个值，不能使用花括号列表"));
-          }
-          if (!init_val->constExp()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "单个常量缺少初始值"));
-          }
-        }
-        // 数组常量
-        // 计算数组总元素个数
-        size_t total_elements = 1;
-        for (auto dim : dimensions) {
-          total_elements *= dim;
-        }
-        
-        // 检查初始化器，传递总元素个数进行检查
-        CheckConstInitVal(*init_val, dimensions, is_int, total_elements);
+        scope_.Define(name, param);
       }
-      
-      // 添加到符号表
-      table_.AddConst(name, const_def);
     }
-    
+    if (ctx->block()) ctx->block()->accept(this);
+    scope_.PopScope();
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // 块：新作用域
+  std::any visitBlock(SysYParser::BlockContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    scope_.PushScope();
+    for (auto* item : ctx->blockItem()) {
+      if (item) item->accept(this);
+    }
+    scope_.PopScope();
     return {};
   }
 
+  // 块内项：分发
+  std::any visitBlockItem(SysYParser::BlockItemContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    if (ctx->decl()) ctx->decl()->accept(this);
+    if (ctx->stmt()) ctx->stmt()->accept(this);
+    return {};
+  }
 
+  // 声明：分发到 varDecl / constDecl
+  std::any visitDecl(SysYParser::DeclContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    if (ctx->varDecl()) ctx->varDecl()->accept(this);
+    if (ctx->constDecl()) ctx->constDecl()->accept(this);
+    return {};
+  }
 
-  std::any visitVarDecl(SysYParser::VarDeclContext* ctx) {
-    if (!ctx || !ctx->bType()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "非法变量声明"));
-    }
-    
-    // 获取类型信息
-    bool is_int = ctx->bType()->Int() != nullptr;
-    bool is_float = ctx->bType()->Float() != nullptr;
-    
-    // 处理所有变量定义
-    auto var_defs = ctx->varDef();
-    for (auto* var_def : var_defs) {
-      // 检查标识符
-      if (!var_def->Ident()) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "变量声明缺少标识符"));
+  // 变量声明
+  std::any visitVarDecl(SysYParser::VarDeclContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    for (auto* varDef : ctx->varDef()) {
+      if (!varDef || !varDef->Ident()) continue;
+      std::string name = varDef->Ident()->getText();
+      if (scope_.ContainsInCurrent(name)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            FormatError("sema", "变量重复定义: " + name));
       }
-      
-      std::string name = var_def->Ident()->getText();
-      
-      // 检查是否重复定义
-      if (table_.Contains(name)) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "重复定义变量: " + name));
+      scope_.Define(name, varDef);
+      // 访问初始化表达式中的变量引用
+      if (varDef->initVal()) varDef->initVal()->accept(this);
+    }
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // 常量声明
+  std::any visitConstDecl(SysYParser::ConstDeclContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    for (auto* constDef : ctx->constDef()) {
+      if (!constDef || !constDef->Ident()) continue;
+      std::string name = constDef->Ident()->getText();
+      if (scope_.ContainsInCurrent(name)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            FormatError("sema", "常量重复定义: " + name));
       }
-      
-      // 处理数组维度
-      auto const_exps = var_def->constExp();
-      std::vector<size_t> dimensions;
-      for (auto* const_exp : const_exps) {
-        ConstValue value = EvaluateConstExp(*const_exp);
-        if (!value.is_int) {
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "数组维度必须是整数"));
-        }
-        if (value.int_val < 0) {
-          throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "数组维度必须是非负整数"));
-        }
-        dimensions.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(value.int_val));
+      scope_.Define(name, constDef);
+      // 初始化表达式中的引用
+      if (constDef->constInitVal()) constDef->constInitVal()->accept(this);
+    }
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // 语句：分发各种形式
+  std::any visitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx) return {};
+    // 赋值语句：lVar = exp;
+    if (ctx->lVar() && ctx->Assign()) {
+      ctx->lVar()->accept(this);
+      if (ctx->exp()) ctx->exp()->accept(this);
+      return {};
+    }
+    // 表达式语句：(exp)?;
+    if (ctx->exp() && !ctx->Return() && !ctx->If() && !ctx->While()) {
+      ctx->exp()->accept(this);
+      return {};
+    }
+    // 块语句
+    if (ctx->block()) {
+      ctx->block()->accept(this);
+      return {};
+    }
+    // if 语句
+    if (ctx->If()) {
+      if (ctx->cond()) ctx->cond()->accept(this);
+      auto stmts = ctx->stmt();
+      for (auto* s : stmts) {
+        if (s) s->accept(this);
       }
-      
-      // 处理初始化器
-      auto* init_val = var_def->initVal();
-      if (init_val) {
-        // 检查标量变量的初始化器
-        if (dimensions.empty()) {
-          // 标量变量，InitVal必须是单个表达式，不能是花括号列表
-          if (init_val->L_BRACE()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "单个变量只能赋单个值，不能使用花括号列表"));
-          }
-          if (!init_val->exp()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "单个变量缺少初始值"));
-          }
-        }
-        // 数组变量
-        // 计算数组总元素个数
-        size_t total_elements = 1;
-        for (auto dim : dimensions) {
-          total_elements *= dim;
-        }
-        
-        // 检查初始化器，传递总元素个数进行检查
-        CheckInitVal(*init_val, dimensions, is_int, total_elements);
+      return {};
+    }
+    // while 语句
+    if (ctx->While()) {
+      if (ctx->cond()) ctx->cond()->accept(this);
+      auto stmts = ctx->stmt();
+      for (auto* s : stmts) {
+        if (s) s->accept(this);
       }
-      
-      // 添加到符号表
-      table_.AddVar(name, var_def);
+      return {};
+    }
+    // return 语句
+    if (ctx->Return()) {
+      if (ctx->exp()) ctx->exp()->accept(this);
+      return {};
     }
-    
+    // break / continue：无变量引用
     return {};
   }
 
-  std::any visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) {
-    // 此方法由visitVarDecl调用，不需要单独处理
+  // lVar：绑定变量使用
+  std::any visitLVar(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx) override {
+    if (!ctx || !ctx->Ident()) return {};
+    std::string name = ctx->Ident()->getText();
+    auto* decl = scope_.Lookup(name);
+    if (!decl) {
+      // 可能是外部函数或未声明变量，不强制报错（IRGen 会处理外部调用）
+      // 但对变量使用报错
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          FormatError("sema", "未声明变量: " + name));
+    }
+    sema_.BindVarUse(ctx->Ident(), decl);
+    // 下标表达式也需要访问
+    for (auto* e : ctx->exp()) {
+      if (e) e->accept(this);
+    }
     return {};
   }
 
+  // 表达式：通过 visitChildren 自动递归
+  std::any visitExp(SysYParser::ExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitAddExp(SysYParser::AddExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitMulExp(SysYParser::MulExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitUnaryExp(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* ctx) override {
+    // 函数调用：Ident L_PAREN ...
+    if (ctx->Ident() && ctx->L_PAREN()) {
+      if (ctx->funcRParams()) ctx->funcRParams()->accept(this);
+      return {};
+    }
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitPrimaryExp(SysYParser::PrimaryExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitCond(SysYParser::CondContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitLOrExp(SysYParser::LOrExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitLAndExp(SysYParser::LAndExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitRelExp(SysYParser::RelExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitEqExp(SysYParser::EqExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitFuncRParams(SysYParser::FuncRParamsContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitInitVal(SysYParser::InitValContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitConstInitVal(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext* ctx) override {
+    // 常量初始化器中通常没有变量引用（只有字面量），
+    // 但如果有 constExp 引用其他常量则需要访问
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+  std::any visitConstExp(SysYParser::ConstExpContext* ctx) override {
+    return visitChildren(ctx);
+  }
+
   SemanticContext TakeSemanticContext() { return std::move(sema_); }
 
  private:
-  SymbolTable table_;
+  ScopeStack scope_;
   SemanticContext sema_;
-  bool seen_return_ = false;
-  size_t current_item_index_ = 0;
-  size_t total_items_ = 0;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -218,4 +283,4 @@ SemanticContext RunSema(SysYParser::CompUnitContext& comp_unit) {
   SemaVisitor visitor;
   comp_unit.accept(&visitor);
   return visitor.TakeSemanticContext();
-}
+}

test_const_float.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+const float PI = 3.14;
+const float E = 2.718;
+
+int main() {
+    float r = 5.0;
+    float area = PI * r * r;
+    float sum = PI + E;
+    return 0;
+}

test_float.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+int main() {
+    float a = 3.14;
+    float b = 2.0;
+    float c = a + b;
+    int d = 10;
+    float e = d + a;  // 隐式转换 int -> float
+    return 0;
+}

test_float_full.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+float test_float(float x, int y) {
+    float z = x * 2.5;
+    float w = y + z;  // 隐式转换 int -> float
+    return w / 3.0;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    float a = 1.5;
+    float b = 2.5;
+
+    // 浮点运算
+    float c = a + b;
+    float d = a - b;
+    float e = a * b;
+    float f = a / b;
+
+    // 浮点比较
+    int g = a < b;
+    int h = a == b;
+
+    // 一元运算
+    float i = -a;
+    int j = !a;
+
+    // 混合运算（隐式转换）
+    int k = 10;
+    float m = k + a;
+
+    return 0;
+}

test_float_simple.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+float test_float(float x, int y) {
+    float z = x * 2.5;
+    float w = y + z;
+    return w / 3.0;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    float a = 1.5;
+    float b = 2.5;
+    float c = a + b;
+    float d = a - b;
+    float e = a * b;
+    float f = a / b;
+    float g = -a;
+    int k = 10;
+    float m = k + a;
+    return 0;
+}