Merge pull request '完成lab4' (#9) from ptabmhn4l/nudt-compiler-cpp:develop into develop

- 实现多函数编译，Module 中所有函数都会生成汇编
- 添加 Br 和 CondBr 指令支持控制流
- 添加浮点指令集支持
- 修复函数参数传递，参数正确分配到栈槽
- 修复 CondBr 中基本块指针的 64 位存储问题
- 添加 ZExt 指令支持

.gitignore

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ compile_commands.json
 .fleet/
 .vs/
 *.code-workspace
+CLAUDE.md
 
 # CLion
 cmake-build-debug/

doc/Lab4-测试.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+bash scripts/run_ir_test.sh --run              # 优化模式，计时
+bash scripts/run_ir_test.sh --run --O0         # 无优化，计时
+bash scripts/bench_ir.sh                       # 同时对比 O0 vs O1

include/ir/IR.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -60,12 +61,14 @@ class Context {
   ~Context();
   ConstantInt* GetConstInt(int v);
   ConstantFloat* GetConstFloat(float v);
-  std::string NextTemp();
+  std::string NextTemp();    // 用于指令名（数字，连续）
+  std::string NextLabel();   // 用于块名（字母前缀，独立计数）
 
  private:
   std::unordered_map<int, std::unique_ptr<ConstantInt>> const_ints_;
   std::unordered_map<float, std::unique_ptr<ConstantFloat>> const_floats_;
   int temp_index_ = -1;
+  int label_index_ = -1;
 };
 
 // ─── Type ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -160,6 +163,8 @@ enum class Opcode {
   Gep,
   // 控制流
   Ret, Br, CondBr,
+  // PHI 节点
+  Phi,
   // 函数调用
   Call,
   // 类型转换
@@ -198,16 +203,30 @@ class GlobalValue : public User {
 class GlobalVariable : public Value {
  public:
   GlobalVariable(std::string name, bool is_const, int init_val,
-                 int num_elements = 1);
+                 int num_elements = 1, bool is_array_decl = false,
+                 bool is_float = false);
   bool IsConst() const { return is_const_; }
+  bool IsFloat() const { return is_float_; }
   int GetInitVal() const { return init_val_; }
+  float GetInitValF() const { return init_val_f_; }
   int GetNumElements() const { return num_elements_; }
-  bool IsArray() const { return num_elements_ > 1; }
-  // GlobalVariable 的"指针类型"是 i32*，访问时使用 load/store
+  bool IsArray() const { return is_array_decl_ || num_elements_ > 1; }
+  void SetInitVals(std::vector<int> v) { init_vals_ = std::move(v); }
+  void SetInitValsF(std::vector<float> v) { init_vals_f_ = std::move(v); }
+  void SetInitValF(float v){ init_val_f_ = v; }
+  void SetInitVal(int v){ init_val_ = v;}
+  const std::vector<int>& GetInitVals() const { return init_vals_; }
+  const std::vector<float>& GetInitValsF() const { return init_vals_f_; }
+  bool HasInitVals() const { return !init_vals_.empty() || !init_vals_f_.empty(); }
  private:
   bool is_const_;
+  bool is_float_;
   int init_val_;
+  float init_val_f_;
   int num_elements_;
+  bool is_array_decl_;
+  std::vector<int> init_vals_;
+  std::vector<float> init_vals_f_;
 };
 
 // ─── Instruction ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -218,6 +237,7 @@ class Instruction : public User {
   bool IsTerminator() const;
   BasicBlock* GetParent() const;
   void SetParent(BasicBlock* parent);
+  void RemoveFromParent();
 
  private:
   Opcode opcode_;
@@ -358,6 +378,18 @@ class StoreInst : public Instruction {
   Value* GetPtr() const;
 };
 
+// PHI 节点：在控制流汇合处选择值
+// 操作数布局：[val0, bb0, val1, bb1, ...]（偶数下标为值，奇数下标为基本块）
+class PhiInst : public Instruction {
+ public:
+  PhiInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name);
+  void AddIncoming(Value* val, BasicBlock* bb);
+  size_t GetNumIncoming() const { return GetNumOperands() / 2; }
+  Value* GetIncomingValue(size_t i) const { return GetOperand(i * 2); }
+  BasicBlock* GetIncomingBlock(size_t i) const;
+  void SetIncomingValue(size_t i, Value* val) { SetOperand(i * 2, val); }
+};
+
 // ─── BasicBlock ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class BasicBlock : public Value {
  public:
@@ -368,6 +400,16 @@ class BasicBlock : public Value {
   const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Instruction>>& GetInstructions() const;
   const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetPredecessors() const;
   const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetSuccessors() const;
+  void AddPredecessor(BasicBlock* bb);
+  void RemovePredecessor(BasicBlock* bb);
+  void ClearPredecessors();
+  void AddSuccessor(BasicBlock* bb);
+  void ClearSuccessors();
+
+  // 指令管理
+  void RemoveInstruction(Instruction* inst);
+  // 在 before 之前插入指令；before 为 nullptr 时追加到末尾
+  void InsertBefore(Instruction* inst, Instruction* before);
 
   template <typename T, typename... Args>
   T* Append(Args&&... args) {
@@ -381,6 +423,29 @@ class BasicBlock : public Value {
     return ptr;
   }
 
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  T* Prepend(Args&&... args) {
+    auto inst = std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    auto* ptr = inst.get();
+    ptr->SetParent(this);
+    instructions_.insert(instructions_.begin(), std::move(inst));
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  // Insert before terminator (or append if no terminator)
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  T* InsertBeforeTerminator(Args&&... args) {
+    auto inst = std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    auto* ptr = inst.get();
+    ptr->SetParent(this);
+    if (!instructions_.empty() && instructions_.back()->IsTerminator()) {
+      instructions_.insert(instructions_.end() - 1, std::move(inst));
+    } else {
+      instructions_.push_back(std::move(inst));
+    }
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
  private:
   Function* parent_ = nullptr;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Instruction>> instructions_;
@@ -409,6 +474,12 @@ class Function : public Value {
   Argument* GetArgument(size_t i) const;
   size_t GetNumArgs() const { return args_.size(); }
   bool IsVoidReturn() const { return type_->IsVoid(); }
+  // 将某个块移动到 blocks_ 列表末尾（用于确保块顺序正确）
+  void MoveBlockToEnd(BasicBlock* bb);
+  // 重建 CFG：根据终结指令计算所有块的前驱/后继
+  void RebuildCFG();
+  // 从函数中移除一个基本块
+  void RemoveBlock(BasicBlock* bb);
 
  private:
   BasicBlock* entry_ = nullptr;
@@ -437,7 +508,9 @@ class Module {
   const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Function>>& GetFunctions() const;
 
   GlobalVariable* CreateGlobalVariable(const std::string& name, bool is_const,
-                                       int init_val, int num_elements = 1);
+                                       int init_val, int num_elements = 1,
+                                       bool is_array_decl = false,
+                                       bool is_float = false);
   GlobalVariable* GetGlobalVariable(const std::string& name) const;
   const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<GlobalVariable>>& GetGlobalVariables() const;
 
@@ -494,9 +567,12 @@ class IRBuilder {
   AllocaInst* CreateAllocaI32(const std::string& name);
   AllocaInst* CreateAllocaF32(const std::string& name);
   AllocaInst* CreateAllocaArray(int num_elements, const std::string& name);
+  AllocaInst* CreateAllocaArrayF32(int num_elements, const std::string& name);
   GepInst* CreateGep(Value* base_ptr, Value* index, const std::string& name);
   LoadInst* CreateLoad(Value* ptr, const std::string& name);
   StoreInst* CreateStore(Value* val, Value* ptr);
+  // 零初始化数组（emit memset call）
+  void CreateMemsetZero(Value* ptr, int num_elements, Context& ctx, Module& mod);
 
   // 控制流
   ReturnInst* CreateRet(Value* v);
@@ -504,6 +580,8 @@ class IRBuilder {
   BrInst* CreateBr(BasicBlock* target);
   CondBrInst* CreateCondBr(Value* cond, BasicBlock* true_bb,
                            BasicBlock* false_bb);
+  // PHI 节点（添加到当前块开头）
+  PhiInst* CreatePhi(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, const std::string& name);
 
   // 调用
   CallInst* CreateCall(Function* callee, std::vector<Value*> args,
@@ -518,9 +596,31 @@ class IRBuilder {
   SIToFPInst* CreateSIToFP(Value* val, const std::string& name);
   FPToSIInst* CreateFPToSI(Value* val, const std::string& name);
 
+ void SetAllocaBlock(BasicBlock* bb) { alloca_block_ = bb; }
+
  private:
   Context& ctx_;
   BasicBlock* insert_block_;
+  BasicBlock* alloca_block_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+// ─── DominatorTree ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+class DominatorTree {
+ public:
+  void Compute(Function& func);
+  BasicBlock* GetIDom(BasicBlock* bb) const;
+  const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetChildren(BasicBlock* bb) const;
+  const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetDominanceFrontier(BasicBlock* bb) const;
+  bool Dominates(BasicBlock* a, BasicBlock* b) const;
+  const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& GetDFOrder() const { return df_order_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, BasicBlock*> idom_;
+  std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, std::vector<BasicBlock*>> children_;
+  std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, std::vector<BasicBlock*>> df_;
+  std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, size_t> dom_level_;
+  std::vector<BasicBlock*> df_order_;
+  std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> visited_;
 };
 
 // ─── IRPrinter ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -529,4 +629,7 @@ class IRPrinter {
   void Print(const Module& module, std::ostream& os);
 };
 
+// ─── Pass Manager ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+void RunPasses(Module& module);
+
 }  // namespace ir

include/irgen/IRGen.h

@@ -113,5 +113,4 @@ class IRGenImpl final : public SysYBaseVisitor {
   std::vector<LoopCtx> loop_stack_;
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<ir::Module> GenerateIR(SysYParser::CompUnitContext& tree,
-                                       const SemanticContext& sema);
+std::unique_ptr<ir::Module> GenerateIR(SysYParser::CompUnitContext& tree, const SemanticContext& sema);

include/mir/MIR.h

@@ -19,39 +19,161 @@ class MIRContext {
 
 MIRContext& DefaultContext();
 
-enum class PhysReg { W0, W8, W9, X29, X30, SP };
+// RISC-V 64位寄存器定义
+enum class PhysReg {
+  // 通用寄存器
+  ZERO,  // x0, 恒为0
+  RA,    // x1, 返回地址
+  SP,    // x2, 栈指针
+  GP,    // x3, 全局指针
+  TP,    // x4, 线程指针
+  T0,    // x5, 临时寄存器
+  T1,    // x6, 临时寄存器
+  T2,    // x7, 临时寄存器
+  S0,    // x8, 帧指针/保存寄存器
+  S1,    // x9, 保存寄存器
+  A0,    // x10, 参数/返回值
+  A1,    // x11, 参数
+  A2,    // x12, 参数
+  A3,    // x13, 参数
+  A4,    // x14, 参数
+  A5,    // x15, 参数
+  A6,    // x16, 参数
+  A7,    // x17, 参数
+  S2,    // x18, 保存寄存器
+  S3,    // x19, 保存寄存器
+  S4,    // x20, 保存寄存器
+  S5,    // x21, 保存寄存器
+  S6,    // x22, 保存寄存器
+  S7,    // x23, 保存寄存器
+  S8,    // x24, 保存寄存器
+  S9,    // x25, 保存寄存器
+  S10,   // x26, 保存寄存器
+  S11,   // x27, 保存寄存器
+  T3,    // x28, 临时寄存器
+  T4,    // x29, 临时寄存器
+  T5,    // x30, 临时寄存器
+  T6,    // x31, 临时寄存器
+  FT0, FT1, FT2, FT3, FT4, FT5, FT6, FT7,
+  FS0, FS1,
+  FA0, FA1, FA2, FA3, FA4, FA5, FA6, FA7,
+  FT8, FT9, FT10, FT11,
+};
 
 const char* PhysRegName(PhysReg reg);
 
+// 在 MIR.h 中添加（在 Opcode 枚举之前）
+
+
+struct GlobalVarInfo {
+  std::string name;
+  int value;
+  float valueF;
+  bool isConst;
+  bool isArray;
+  bool isFloat;
+  std::vector<int> arrayValues;
+  std::vector<float> arrayValuesF;
+  int arraySize;
+};
+
 enum class Opcode {
   Prologue,
   Epilogue,
   MovImm,
-  LoadStack,
-  StoreStack,
-  AddRR,
+  Load,
+  Store,
+  Add,
+  Addi,
+  Sub,
+  Mul,
+  Div,
+  Rem,
+  Slt,
+  Slti,
+  Slli,
+  Sltu,     // 无符号小于
+  Sltiu,
+  Xori,
+  LoadGlobalAddr,
+  LoadGlobal,
+  StoreGlobal,
+  LoadIndirect,   // lw rd, 0(rs1)  从寄存器地址加载
+  StoreIndirect,  // sw rs2, 0(rs1)
+  Call,
+  GEP,
+  LoadAddr,  
   Ret,
+  // 浮点指令
+  FMov,       // 浮点移动
+  FMovWX,    // fmv.w.x fs, x 整数寄存器移动到浮点寄存器
+  FMovXW,    // fmv.x.w x, fs 浮点寄存器移动到整数寄存器
+  FAdd,
+  FSub,
+  FMul,
+  FDiv,
+  FEq,        // 浮点相等比较
+  FLt,        // 浮点小于比较
+  FLe,        // 浮点小于等于比较
+  FNeg,       // 浮点取反
+  FAbs,       // 浮点绝对值
+  SIToFP,     // int 转 float
+  FPToSI,     // float 转 int
+  LoadFloat,  // 浮点加载 (flw)
+  StoreFloat, // 浮点存储 (fsw)
+  Br,
+  CondBr,
+  Label,
+};
+
+enum class GlobalKind {
+  Data,    // .data 段（已初始化）
+  BSS,     // .bss 段（未初始化，初始为0）
+  RoData   // .rodata 段（只读常量）
+};
+
+// 全局变量信息
+struct GlobalInfo {
+  std::string name;
+  GlobalKind kind;
+  int size;           // 大小（字节）
+  int value;          // 初始值（对于简单变量）
+  bool isArray;
+  int arraySize;
+  
+  std::vector<int> dimensions;  // 数组维度
 };
 
 class Operand {
  public:
-  enum class Kind { Reg, Imm, FrameIndex };
-
+  enum class Kind { Reg, Imm, FrameIndex, Global, Func };
+  
   static Operand Reg(PhysReg reg);
   static Operand Imm(int value);
+  static Operand Imm64(int64_t value);  // 新增：存储 64 位值
   static Operand FrameIndex(int index);
+  static Operand Global(const std::string& name);
+  static Operand Func(const std::string& name);
 
   Kind GetKind() const { return kind_; }
   PhysReg GetReg() const { return reg_; }
   int GetImm() const { return imm_; }
+  int64_t GetImm64() const { return imm64_; }  // 新增
   int GetFrameIndex() const { return imm_; }
+  const std::string& GetGlobalName() const { return global_name_; }
+  const std::string& GetFuncName() const { return func_name_; }
 
  private:
   Operand(Kind kind, PhysReg reg, int imm);
+  Operand(Kind kind, PhysReg reg, int64_t imm64);  // 新增构造函数
+  Operand(Kind kind, PhysReg reg, int imm, const std::string& name);
 
   Kind kind_;
   PhysReg reg_;
   int imm_;
+  int64_t imm64_;  // 新增
+  std::string global_name_;
+  std::string func_name_;
 };
 
 class MachineInstr {
@@ -71,7 +193,6 @@ struct FrameSlot {
   int size = 4;
   int offset = 0;
 };
-
 class MachineBasicBlock {
  public:
   explicit MachineBasicBlock(std::string name);
@@ -93,9 +214,14 @@ class MachineFunction {
   explicit MachineFunction(std::string name);
 
   const std::string& GetName() const { return name_; }
-  MachineBasicBlock& GetEntry() { return entry_; }
-  const MachineBasicBlock& GetEntry() const { return entry_; }
-
+  
+  // 基本块管理
+  MachineBasicBlock* CreateBlock(const std::string& name);
+  MachineBasicBlock* GetEntry() { return entry_; }
+  const MachineBasicBlock* GetEntry() const { return entry_; }
+  const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineBasicBlock>>& GetBlocks() const { return blocks_; }
+  
+  // 栈帧管理
   int CreateFrameIndex(int size = 4);
   FrameSlot& GetFrameSlot(int index);
   const FrameSlot& GetFrameSlot(int index) const;
@@ -106,14 +232,15 @@ class MachineFunction {
 
  private:
   std::string name_;
-  MachineBasicBlock entry_;
+  MachineBasicBlock* entry_ = nullptr;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineBasicBlock>> blocks_;
   std::vector<FrameSlot> frame_slots_;
   int frame_size_ = 0;
 };
-
-std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction> LowerToMIR(const ir::Module& module);
+//std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction> LowerToMIR(const ir::Module& module);
 void RunRegAlloc(MachineFunction& function);
 void RunFrameLowering(MachineFunction& function);
-void PrintAsm(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os);
-
-}  // namespace mir
+//void PrintAsm(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os);
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction>> LowerToMIR(const ir::Module& module);
+void PrintAsm(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction>>& functions, std::ostream& os);
+}  // namespace mir

include/utils/CLI.h

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-// 简易命令行解析：支持帮助、输入文件与输出阶段选择。
+// 命令行解析：compiler <input.sy> -S|-IR -o <output> [-O1]
+// 同时兼容 --emit-ir / --emit-asm
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
 
 struct CLIOptions {
   std::string input;
-  bool emit_parse_tree = false;
-  bool emit_ir = true;
-  bool emit_asm = false;
+  std::string output;        // -o <file>，为空则输出到 stdout
+  bool emit_ir = false;      // -IR / --emit-ir
+  bool emit_asm = false;     // -S  / --emit-asm
   bool show_help = false;
+  bool opt = false;          // -O1
 };
 
 CLIOptions ParseCLI(int argc, char** argv);

output.s

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+.text
+.global main
+.type main, @function
+main:
+  addi sp, sp, -272
+  sw ra, 264(sp)
+  sw s0, 256(sp)
+  addi a0, sp, -4
+  li a1, 0
+  li a2, 32
+  call 
+  addi a0, sp, -8
+  li a1, 0
+  li a2, 32
+  call 
+  li t2, 1
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 0
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 2
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 1
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 3
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 2
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 4
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 3
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 5
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 4
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 6
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 5
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 7
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 6
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 8
+  addi t0, sp, -8
+  li t1, 7
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  addi a0, sp, -44
+  li a1, 0
+  li a2, 32
+  call 
+  li t2, 1
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 0
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 2
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 1
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 3
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 2
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 4
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 3
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 5
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 4
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 6
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 5
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 7
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 6
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 8
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  li t1, 7
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  addi a0, sp, -80
+  li a1, 0
+  li a2, 32
+  call 
+  li t2, 1
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  li t1, 0
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 2
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  li t1, 1
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 3
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  li t1, 2
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 5
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  li t1, 4
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 7
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  li t1, 6
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 8
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  li t1, 7
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t0, 2
+  li t1, 2
+  mul t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -112(sp)
+  li t0, 1
+  lw t1, -112(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -116(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -80
+  lw t1, -116(sp)
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  lw t0, 0(t0)
+  sw t0, -124(sp)
+  li t0, 2
+  li t1, 2
+  mul t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -128(sp)
+  li t0, 1
+  lw t1, -128(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -132(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -44
+  lw t1, -132(sp)
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  lw t0, 0(t0)
+  sw t0, -140(sp)
+  addi a0, sp, -108
+  li a1, 0
+  li a2, 32
+  call 
+  lw t2, -124(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 0
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  lw t2, -140(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 1
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 3
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 2
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 4
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 3
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 5
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 4
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 6
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 5
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 7
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 6
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t2, 8
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  li t1, 7
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t2, 0(t0)
+  li t0, 3
+  li t1, 2
+  mul t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -176(sp)
+  li t0, 1
+  lw t1, -176(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -180(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  lw t1, -180(sp)
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  lw t0, 0(t0)
+  sw t0, -188(sp)
+  li t0, 0
+  li t1, 2
+  mul t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -192(sp)
+  li t0, 0
+  lw t1, -192(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -196(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  lw t1, -196(sp)
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  lw t0, 0(t0)
+  sw t0, -204(sp)
+  lw t0, -188(sp)
+  lw t1, -204(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -208(sp)
+  li t0, 0
+  li t1, 2
+  mul t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -212(sp)
+  li t0, 1
+  lw t1, -212(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -216(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -108
+  lw t1, -216(sp)
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  lw t0, 0(t0)
+  sw t0, -224(sp)
+  lw t0, -208(sp)
+  lw t1, -224(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -228(sp)
+  li t0, 2
+  li t1, 2
+  mul t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -232(sp)
+  li t0, 0
+  lw t1, -232(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -236(sp)
+  addi t0, sp, -4
+  lw t1, -236(sp)
+  slli t1, t1, 2
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  lw t0, 0(t0)
+  sw t0, -244(sp)
+  lw t0, -228(sp)
+  lw t1, -244(sp)
+  add t0, t0, t1
+  sw t0, -248(sp)
+  lw a0, -248(sp)
+  lw ra, 264(sp)
+  lw s0, 256(sp)
+  addi sp, sp, 272
+  ret
+.size main, .-main

scripts/bench_ir.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# 优化效果对比：测量 O0 vs O1 的编译时间和运行时间
+# 用法: bash scripts/bench_ir.sh [--test-dir=<dir>] [--result-dir=<dir>]
+
+set -uo pipefail
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+TEST_CASE_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/test/test_case"
+RESULT_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/test/test_result/bench"
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --test-dir=*) TEST_CASE_DIR="${1#*=}" ;;
+    --result-dir=*) RESULT_DIR="${1#*=}" ;;
+    *) echo "未知参数: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+compiler="${PROJECT_ROOT}/build/bin/compiler"
+[[ -x "$compiler" ]] || { echo "错误：未找到编译器 $compiler" >&2; exit 1; }
+command -v llc >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "错误：未找到 llc" >&2; exit 1; }
+command -v clang >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "错误：未找到 clang" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+mkdir -p "$RESULT_DIR"
+
+# 时间测量：使用 date +%s.%N
+now() { date +%s.%N; }
+elapsed() { python3 -c "print(f'{float($2)-float($1):.4f}')" 2>/dev/null || awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\\n\",$2-$1}"; }
+
+summary_file="${RESULT_DIR}/summary.csv"
+echo "test,opt,compile_s,exec_s,compile+exec_s" > "$summary_file"
+
+total=0
+o0_ct_total=0; o1_ct_total=0
+o0_et_total=0; o1_et_total=0
+
+echo "=== 优化效果对比 O0 vs O1 ==="
+echo ""
+
+while read -r test_file; do
+  full_path=$(readlink -f "$test_file")
+  tcdir=$(readlink -f "$TEST_CASE_DIR")
+  rel="${full_path#$tcdir}"
+  [[ "${rel:0:1}" != "/" ]] && rel="/$rel"
+
+  base=$(basename "$test_file")
+  stem="${base%.sy}"
+  idir=$(dirname "$test_file")
+  stdin="${idir}/${stem}.in"
+  expected="${idir}/${stem}.out"
+
+  total=$((total+1))
+  printf "[%4d] %s" "$total" "$rel"
+
+  o0_ll="${RESULT_DIR}/O0/${rel%.sy}.ll"
+  o1_ll="${RESULT_DIR}/O1/${rel%.sy}.ll"
+  mkdir -p "$(dirname "$o0_ll")" "$(dirname "$o1_ll")"
+
+  # --- 编译 O0 ---
+  t1=$(now)
+  "$compiler" "$test_file" -IR -o "$o0_ll" 2>/dev/null; rc0=$?
+  t2=$(now)
+  if [[ $rc0 -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo " | O0编译失败"
+    echo "$stem,O0,-,-,-" >> "$summary_file"
+    echo "$stem,O1,-,-,-" >> "$summary_file"
+    continue
+  fi
+  o0_ct=$(elapsed "$t1" "$t2")
+
+  # --- 编译 O1 ---
+  t1=$(now)
+  "$compiler" "$test_file" -IR -o "$o1_ll" -O1 2>/dev/null; rc1=$?
+  t2=$(now)
+  if [[ $rc1 -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo " | O1编译失败"
+    echo "$stem,O0,$o0_ct,-,-" >> "$summary_file"
+    echo "$stem,O1,-,-,-" >> "$summary_file"
+    continue
+  fi
+  o1_ct=$(elapsed "$t1" "$t2")
+
+  # --- llc + clang O0 ---
+  o0_obj="${RESULT_DIR}/O0/${stem}.o"
+  o1_obj="${RESULT_DIR}/O1/${stem}.o"
+  o0_exe="${RESULT_DIR}/O0/${stem}.exe"
+  o1_exe="${RESULT_DIR}/O1/${stem}.exe"
+
+  llc -filetype=obj "$o0_ll" -o "$o0_obj" 2>/dev/null
+  llc -filetype=obj "$o1_ll" -o "$o1_obj" 2>/dev/null
+  clang "$o0_obj" "${PROJECT_ROOT}/sylib/sylib.c" -o "$o0_exe" -lm 2>/dev/null
+  clang "$o1_obj" "${PROJECT_ROOT}/sylib/sylib.c" -o "$o1_exe" -lm 2>/dev/null
+
+  # --- 运行 O0 ---
+  t1=$(now)
+  sr0=0
+  if [[ -f "$stdin" ]]; then
+    (ulimit -s unlimited; "$o0_exe" < "$stdin") > /dev/null 2>&1 || sr0=$?
+  else
+    (ulimit -s unlimited; "$o0_exe") > /dev/null 2>&1 || sr0=$?
+  fi
+  t2=$(now)
+  o0_et=$(elapsed "$t1" "$t2")
+
+  # --- 运行 O1 ---
+  t1=$(now)
+  sr1=0
+  if [[ -f "$stdin" ]]; then
+    (ulimit -s unlimited; "$o1_exe" < "$stdin") > /dev/null 2>&1 || sr1=$?
+  else
+    (ulimit -s unlimited; "$o1_exe") > /dev/null 2>&1 || sr1=$?
+  fi
+  t2=$(now)
+  o1_et=$(elapsed "$t1" "$t2")
+
+  # 验证一致性
+  flag=""
+  if [[ $sr0 -ne $sr1 ]]; then
+    flag=" EXIT:O0=$sr0 O1=$sr1"
+  fi
+
+  # 累计 & 比率
+  o0_ct_total=$(awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\",$o0_ct_total+$o0_ct}")
+  o1_ct_total=$(awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\",$o1_ct_total+$o1_ct}")
+  o0_et_total=$(awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\",$o0_et_total+$o0_et}")
+  o1_et_total=$(awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\",$o1_et_total+$o1_et}")
+
+  cspd=$(awk "BEGIN{if($o1_ct>0)printf \"%.1fx\",$o0_ct/$o1_ct; else print \"-\"}")
+  espd=$(awk "BEGIN{if($o1_et>0)printf \"%.1fx\",$o0_et/$o1_et; else print \"-\"}")
+
+  printf " | 编译 O0:%.4fs O1:%.4fs(%s) 运行 O0:%.4fs O1:%.4fs(%s)%s\n" \
+    "$o0_ct" "$o1_ct" "$cspd" "$o0_et" "$o1_et" "$espd" "$flag"
+
+  echo "$stem,O0,$o0_ct,$o0_et,$(awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\",$o0_ct+$o0_et}")" >> "$summary_file"
+  echo "$stem,O1,$o1_ct,$o1_et,$(awk "BEGIN{printf \"%.4f\",$o1_ct+$o1_et}")" >> "$summary_file"
+
+done < <(find "$TEST_CASE_DIR" -name "*.sy" | sort)
+
+echo ""
+echo "============================================"
+echo "总用例: $total"
+echo "O0 编译总耗时: ${o0_ct_total}s"
+echo "O1 编译总耗时: ${o1_ct_total}s"
+echo "O0 运行总耗时: ${o0_et_total}s"
+echo "O1 运行总耗时: ${o1_et_total}s"
+echo "CSV: $summary_file"

scripts/diff.py

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import sys
+
+def read_file(filepath):
+    """读取文件内容，返回行列表"""
+    try:
+        with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            return f.readlines()
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(f"错误：文件 '{filepath}' 不存在")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def get_context(line, pos, context_len=10):
+    """获取字符上下文"""
+    start = max(0, pos - context_len)
+    end = min(len(line), pos + context_len + 1)
+    prefix = "..." if start > 0 else ""
+    suffix = "..." if end < len(line) else ""
+    return prefix + line[start:end] + suffix
+
+def compare_files(file1, file2):
+    """比较两个文件，输出详细差异"""
+    lines1 = read_file(file1)
+    lines2 = read_file(file2)
+    
+    print(f"比较文件: {file1} vs {file2}")
+    print("=" * 80)
+    
+    max_lines = max(len(lines1), len(lines2))
+    differences = 0
+    
+    for line_num in range(max_lines):
+        line1 = lines1[line_num] if line_num < len(lines1) else None
+        line2 = lines2[line_num] if line_num < len(lines2) else None
+        
+        if line1 is None:
+            print(f"\n[新增行] 第 {line_num + 1} 行")
+            print(f"        + {repr(line2)}")
+            differences += 1
+            continue
+        
+        if line2 is None:
+            print(f"\n[删除行] 第 {line_num + 1} 行")
+            print(f"        - {repr(line1)}")
+            differences += 1
+            continue
+        
+        if line1 == line2:
+            continue
+        
+        # 行内容不同，逐字符比较
+        print(f"\n[差异行] 第 {line_num + 1} 行")
+        
+        max_chars = max(len(line1), len(line2))
+        for char_pos in range(max_chars):
+            char1 = line1[char_pos] if char_pos < len(line1) else None
+            char2 = line2[char_pos] if char_pos < len(line2) else None
+            
+            if char1 == char2:
+                continue
+            
+            # 找到差异字符
+            context1 = get_context(line1, char_pos) if line1 else ""
+            context2 = get_context(line2, char_pos) if line2 else ""
+            
+            print(f"        字符位置 {char_pos + 1}:")
+            if char1 is not None:
+                print(f"          - {repr(char1)} | 上下文: {repr(context1)}")
+            else:
+                print(f"          - (缺失)")
+            if char2 is not None:
+                print(f"          + {repr(char2)} | 上下文: {repr(context2)}")
+            else:
+                print(f"          + (缺失)")
+            differences += 1
+            
+            # 跳过一些连续差异，避免输出过多
+            while char_pos + 1 < max_chars:
+                next_char1 = line1[char_pos + 1] if char_pos + 1 < len(line1) else None
+                next_char2 = line2[char_pos + 1] if char_pos + 1 < len(line2) else None
+                if next_char1 != next_char2:
+                    char_pos += 1
+                else:
+                    break
+    
+    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
+    print(f"比较完成，共发现 {differences} 处差异")
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) != 3:
+        print("用法: python diff.py <文件1> <文件2>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    
+    file1 = sys.argv[1]
+    file2 = sys.argv[2]
+    
+    compare_files(file1, file2)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/mir_test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+COMPILER="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+TEST_CASE_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_case"
+TEST_RESULT_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_result/mir"
+
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+if [ ! -x "$COMPILER" ]; then
+    echo "错误：编译器不存在或不可执行: $COMPILER"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$TEST_RESULT_DIR"
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "RISC-V 后端测试"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo ""
+
+# 收集测试用例
+mapfile -t test_files < <(find "$TEST_CASE_DIR" -name "*.sy" -not -path '*/*performance*/*' | sort)
+
+total=${#test_files[@]}
+pass_gen=0
+fail_gen=0
+pass_run=0
+fail_run=0
+timeout_cnt=0
+
+echo "=== 阶段1：汇编生成 ==="
+echo ""
+
+for test_file in "${test_files[@]}"; do
+    relative_path=$(realpath --relative-to="$TEST_CASE_DIR" "$test_file")
+    output_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${relative_path%.sy}.s"
+    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$output_file")"
+    
+    "$COMPILER" --emit-asm "$test_file" 2>/dev/null > "$output_file"
+    
+    if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ -s "$output_file" ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path"
+        ((pass_gen++))
+    else
+        echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path"
+        ((fail_gen++))
+    fi
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- 汇编生成: 通过 $pass_gen / 失败 $fail_gen / 总计 $total ---"
+echo ""
+
+echo "=== 阶段2：运行验证 ==="
+echo ""
+
+for test_file in "${test_files[@]}"; do
+    relative_path=$(realpath --relative-to="$TEST_CASE_DIR" "$test_file")
+    stem="${relative_path%.sy}"
+    asm_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${stem}.s"
+    exe_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${stem}"
+    expected_file="${test_file%.sy}.out"
+    
+    if [ ! -s "$asm_file" ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${YELLOW}⚠${NC} $relative_path (跳过)"
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static "$asm_file" -o "$exe_file" -no-pie 2>/dev/null
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path (链接失败)"
+        ((fail_run++))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    # 运行程序，设置超时 5 秒
+    timeout 5 qemu-riscv64 "$exe_file" 2>/dev/null
+    exit_code=$?
+    
+    # 检查是否超时
+    if [ $exit_code -eq 124 ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${YELLOW}⚠${NC} $relative_path (超时)"
+        ((timeout_cnt++))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    # 获取程序输出（需要单独捕获，因为 timeout 会改变输出）
+    program_output=$(timeout 5 qemu-riscv64 "$exe_file" 2>/dev/null)
+    if [ $? -eq 124 ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${YELLOW}⚠${NC} $relative_path (超时)"
+        ((timeout_cnt++))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    if [ -f "$expected_file" ]; then
+        expected=$(cat "$expected_file" | tr -d '\n')
+        
+        # 判断期望文件是输出内容还是退出码
+        if [ -z "$expected" ] || [[ "$expected" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+            # 期望退出码
+            if [ $exit_code -eq "$expected" ] 2>/dev/null; then
+                echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path (退出码: $exit_code)"
+                ((pass_run++))
+            else
+                echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path (退出码: 期望 $expected, 实际 $exit_code)"
+                ((fail_run++))
+            fi
+        else
+            # 期望输出内容
+            if [ "$program_output" = "$expected" ]; then
+                echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path (输出匹配)"
+                ((pass_run++))
+            else
+                echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path (输出不匹配)"
+                ((fail_run++))
+            fi
+        fi
+    else
+        # 没有期望文件，默认通过
+        echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path (退出码: $exit_code)"
+        ((pass_run++))
+    fi
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- 运行验证: 通过 $pass_run / 失败 $fail_run / 超时 $timeout_cnt ---"
+echo ""
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "测试完成"
+echo "汇编生成: 通过 $pass_gen / 失败 $fail_gen"
+echo "运行验证: 通过 $pass_run / 失败 $fail_run / 超时 $timeout_cnt"
+echo "=========================================="

scripts/mir_test1.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+COMPILER="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+TEST_CASE_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_case"
+TEST_RESULT_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_result/mir"
+
+SYLIB_C="$PROJECT_ROOT/sylib/sylib.c"
+SYLIB_O="/tmp/sylib.o"
+
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+if [ ! -x "$COMPILER" ]; then
+    echo "错误：编译器不存在或不可执行: $COMPILER"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# 编译 sylib 运行时库
+echo "编译运行时库..."
+if [ ! -f "$SYLIB_O" ]; then
+    riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -c "$SYLIB_C" -o "$SYLIB_O" 2>/dev/null
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo "警告：无法编译 sylib.c，部分测试可能链接失败"
+    fi
+fi
+echo ""
+
+mkdir -p "$TEST_RESULT_DIR"
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "RISC-V 后端测试"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo ""
+
+# 收集测试用例
+mapfile -t test_files < <(find "$TEST_CASE_DIR" -name "*.sy" -not -path '*/*performance*/*' | sort)
+
+total=${#test_files[@]}
+pass_gen=0
+fail_gen=0
+pass_run=0
+fail_run=0
+timeout_cnt=0
+
+echo "=== 阶段1：汇编生成 ==="
+echo ""
+
+for test_file in "${test_files[@]}"; do
+    relative_path=$(realpath --relative-to="$TEST_CASE_DIR" "$test_file")
+    output_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${relative_path%.sy}.s"
+    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$output_file")"
+    
+    "$COMPILER" --emit-asm "$test_file" 2>/dev/null > "$output_file"
+    
+    if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ -s "$output_file" ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path"
+        ((pass_gen++))
+    else
+        echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path"
+        ((fail_gen++))
+    fi
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- 汇编生成: 通过 $pass_gen / 失败 $fail_gen / 总计 $total ---"
+echo ""
+
+for test_file in "${test_files[@]}"; do
+    relative_path=$(realpath --relative-to="$TEST_CASE_DIR" "$test_file")
+    stem="${relative_path%.sy}"
+    asm_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${stem}.s"
+    exe_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${stem}"
+    expected_file="${test_file%.sy}.out"
+    
+    if [ ! -s "$asm_file" ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${YELLOW}⚠${NC} $relative_path (跳过)"
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    # 链接
+    if [ -f "$SYLIB_O" ]; then
+        riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static "$asm_file" "$SYLIB_O" -o "$exe_file" -no-pie 2>/dev/null
+    else
+        riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static "$asm_file" -o "$exe_file" -no-pie 2>/dev/null
+    fi
+    
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path (链接失败)"
+        ((fail_run++))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    # 运行程序
+
+    input_file="${test_file%.sy}.in"
+    tmp_out=$(mktemp)
+    if [ -f "$input_file" ]; then
+        timeout 10 qemu-riscv64 "$exe_file" < "$input_file" > "$tmp_out" 2>&1
+    else
+        timeout 10 qemu-riscv64 "$exe_file" > "$tmp_out" 2>&1
+    fi
+    exit_code=$?
+    
+    if [ $exit_code -eq 124 ]; then
+        echo -e "  ${YELLOW}⚠${NC} $relative_path (超时)"
+        ((timeout_cnt++))
+        rm -f "$tmp_out"
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    program_output=$(cat "$tmp_out" | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+    rm -f "$tmp_out"
+    
+    if [ -f "$expected_file" ]; then
+        expected=$(cat "$expected_file" | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
+        
+        if [[ "$expected" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && [ "$expected" -ge 0 ] && [ "$expected" -le 255 ] && [ -z "$program_output" ]; then
+            # 期望退出码（且没有输出）
+            if [ $exit_code -eq "$expected" ] 2>/dev/null; then
+                echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path (退出码: $exit_code)"
+                ((pass_run++))
+            else
+                echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path (退出码: 期望 $expected, 实际 $exit_code)"
+                ((fail_run++))
+            fi
+        else
+            # 期望输出内容
+            if [ "$program_output" = "$expected" ]; then
+                echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path (输出匹配)"
+                ((pass_run++))
+            else
+                echo -e "  ${RED}✗${NC} $relative_path (输出不匹配: 期望 '$expected', 实际 '$program_output')"
+                ((fail_run++))
+            fi
+        fi
+    else
+        # 没有期望文件
+        echo -e "  ${GREEN}✓${NC} $relative_path (退出码: $exit_code, 输出: '$program_output')"
+        ((pass_run++))
+    fi
+done
+echo ""
+echo "--- 运行验证: 通过 $pass_run / 失败 $fail_run / 超时 $timeout_cnt ---"
+echo ""
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "测试完成"
+echo "汇编生成: 通过 $pass_gen / 失败 $fail_gen"
+echo "运行验证: 通过 $pass_run / 失败 $fail_run / 超时 $timeout_cnt"
+echo "=========================================="

scripts/run_float_tests.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+
+#!/bin/bash
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+COMPILER="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+TEST_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_case/basic"
+
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+if [ ! -f "$COMPILER" ]; then
+    echo "错误: 编译器不存在: $COMPILER"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "RISC-V 浮点转换测试"
+echo "=========================================="
+
+TESTS="
+float_conv:3
+float_add:13
+float_mul:30
+"
+
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+
+for test in $TESTS; do
+    name=$(echo $test | cut -d: -f1)
+    expected=$(echo $test | cut -d: -f2)
+    
+    echo -n "测试 $name (期望 $expected) ... "
+    
+    "$COMPILER" "$TEST_DIR/$name.sy" --emit-asm > /tmp/test_$name.s 2>&1
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}失败 (汇编错误)${NC}"
+        cat /tmp/test_$name.s | head -3
+        FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static /tmp/test_$name.s -o /tmp/test_$name -no-pie 2>/dev/null
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}失败 (链接错误)${NC}"
+        FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    qemu-riscv64 /tmp/test_$name > /dev/null 2>&1
+    exit_code=$?
+    
+    if [ $exit_code -eq $expected ]; then
+        echo -e "${GREEN}通过${NC}"
+        PASS=$((PASS + 1))
+    else
+        echo -e "${RED}失败 (实际 $exit_code)${NC}"
+        FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+    fi
+done
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo -e "测试结果: ${GREEN}通过 $PASS${NC} / ${RED}失败 $FAIL${NC}"
+echo "=========================================="

scripts/run_ir_test.sh

@@ -1,58 +1,308 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# 串行执行IR测试脚本，实时输出结果
+
+set -euo pipefail
 
 PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
-COMPILER="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
-TEST_CASE_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_case"
-TEST_RESULT_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_result/ir"
-
-if [ ! -x "$COMPILER" ]; then
-    echo "错误：编译器不存在或不可执行: $COMPILER"
-    echo "请先构建项目：cmake --build build -j\$(nproc)"
-    exit 1
+
+# 默认参数
+TEST_CASE_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/test/test_case"
+TEST_RESULT_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/test/test_result/ir"
+RUN_EXEC=false
+VERBOSE=false
+OPT_FLAG="-O1"      # 默认开启优化
+
+# 解析命令行参数
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --run)
+      RUN_EXEC=true
+      ;;
+    --verbose|-v)
+      VERBOSE=true
+      ;;
+    --O0)
+      OPT_FLAG=""
+      ;;
+    --O1)
+      OPT_FLAG="-O1"
+      ;;
+    --test-dir=*)
+      TEST_CASE_DIR="${1#*=}"
+      ;;
+    --result-dir=*)
+      TEST_RESULT_DIR="${1#*=}"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "未知参数: $1" >&2
+      echo "用法: $0 [--run] [--O0|--O1] [--verbose] [--test-dir=<dir>] [--result-dir=<dir>]" >&2
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+# 检查编译器是否存在
+compiler="${PROJECT_ROOT}/build/bin/compiler"
+if [[ ! -x "$compiler" ]]; then
+  echo "错误：未找到编译器 $compiler" >&2
+  echo "请先构建项目: mkdir -p build && cd build && cmake .. && make -j" >&2
+  exit 1
 fi
 
+# 创建输出目录
 mkdir -p "$TEST_RESULT_DIR"
 
-pass_count=0
-fail_count=0
-failed_cases=()
-
-echo "=== 开始测试 IR 生成 ==="
-echo ""
+# 统计变量
+total_tests=0
+passed_tests=0
+failed_tests=0
 
-while IFS= read -r test_file; do
-    relative_path=$(realpath --relative-to="$TEST_CASE_DIR" "$test_file")
-    output_file="$TEST_RESULT_DIR/${relative_path%.sy}.ll"
+# 汇总日志文件
+summary_log="${TEST_RESULT_DIR}/summary.log"
+> "$summary_log"
 
-    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$output_file")"
+# 失败测试列表
+failed_list=""
 
-    echo -n "测试: $relative_path ... "
+echo "=== 开始IR测试 ==="
+echo "测试目录: $TEST_CASE_DIR"
+echo "结果目录: $TEST_RESULT_DIR"
+echo "优化级别: ${OPT_FLAG:--O0}"
+echo "运行可执行文件: $RUN_EXEC"
+echo ""
 
-    "$COMPILER" --emit-ir "$test_file" > "$output_file" 2>&1
-    exit_code=$?
+# 串行遍历所有测试用例
+while read -r test_file; do
+  total_tests=$((total_tests + 1))
+  
+  # 计算相对路径
+  full_path=$(readlink -f "$test_file")
+  test_case_path=$(readlink -f "$TEST_CASE_DIR")
+  relative_path="${full_path#$test_case_path}"
+  # 确保路径以 / 开头
+  if [[ "${relative_path:0:1}" != "/" ]]; then
+    relative_path="/$relative_path"
+  fi
+  
+  # 计算输出文件路径
+  base=$(basename "$test_file")
+  stem="${base%.sy}"
+  output_file="${TEST_RESULT_DIR}/${relative_path%.sy}.ll"
+  output_dir=$(dirname "$output_file")
+  
+  # 创建输出目录
+  mkdir -p "$output_dir"
+  
+  # 获取输入和预期输出文件路径
+  input_dir=$(dirname "$test_file")
+  stdin_file="${input_dir}/${stem}.in"
+  expected_file="${input_dir}/${stem}.out"
+  
+  # 每个测试用例的详细日志文件
+  test_log="${output_dir}/${stem}.log"
+  > "$test_log"
+  
+  echo "[$total_tests] 处理: $relative_path"
+  echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] 开始处理: $relative_path" >> "$test_log"
+  echo "输入文件: $test_file" >> "$test_log"
+  echo "输出目录: $output_dir" >> "$test_log"
+  
+  # 生成IR
+  if $VERBOSE; then
+    echo "  生成IR..."
+  fi
+  echo "步骤1: 生成IR" >> "$test_log"
 
-    if [ $exit_code -eq 0 ] && [ -s "$output_file" ] && ! grep -q '\[error\]' "$output_file"; then
-        echo "通过"
-        pass_count=$((pass_count + 1))
+  # 计时编译
+  compile_start=$(date +%s.%N)
+  set +e
+  "$compiler" "$test_file" -IR -o "$output_file" $OPT_FLAG 2>&1
+  ir_status=$?
+  set -e
+  compile_end=$(date +%s.%N)
+  compile_time=$(python3 -c "print(f'{float($compile_end)-float($compile_start):.3f}s')" 2>/dev/null || echo "-")
+  
+  if [[ $ir_status -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "  ✗ IR生成失败"
+    echo "结果: FAILED (IR生成失败)" >> "$test_log"
+    echo "错误信息:" >> "$test_log"
+    cat "$output_file" >> "$test_log"
+    failed_tests=$((failed_tests + 1))
+    failed_list="$failed_list\n[$total_tests] $relative_path - IR生成失败"
+    if $VERBOSE; then
+      cat "$output_file"
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    continue
+  fi
+  
+  echo "IR文件: $output_file" >> "$test_log"
+  if $VERBOSE; then
+    echo "  ✓ IR已生成: $output_file"
+  fi
+  
+  # 如果需要运行可执行文件
+  if [[ "$RUN_EXEC" == true ]]; then
+    echo "步骤2: 编译和运行" >> "$test_log"
+    
+    if ! command -v llc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      echo "  警告: 未找到 llc，跳过执行测试" >&2
+      echo "警告: 未找到 llc，跳过执行测试" >> "$test_log"
+      echo "结果: SKIPPED (缺少llc)" >> "$test_log"
+      passed_tests=$((passed_tests + 1))
+      echo ""
+      continue
+    fi
+    if ! command -v clang >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      echo "  警告: 未找到 clang，跳过执行测试" >&2
+      echo "警告: 未找到 clang，跳过执行测试" >> "$test_log"
+      echo "结果: SKIPPED (缺少clang)" >> "$test_log"
+      passed_tests=$((passed_tests + 1))
+      echo ""
+      continue
+    fi
+    
+    obj="${output_dir}/${stem}.o"
+    exe="${output_dir}/${stem}"
+    stdout_file="${output_dir}/${stem}.stdout"
+    actual_file="${output_dir}/${stem}.actual.out"
+    
+    # 编译IR为目标文件
+    if $VERBOSE; then
+      echo "  编译IR..."
+    fi
+    echo "编译IR: llc -filetype=obj $output_file -o $obj" >> "$test_log"
+    llc -filetype=obj "$output_file" -o "$obj" 2>/dev/null
+    if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
+      echo "  ✗ IR编译失败"
+      echo "结果: FAILED (IR编译失败)" >> "$test_log"
+      failed_tests=$((failed_tests + 1))
+      failed_list="$failed_list\n[$total_tests] $relative_path - IR编译失败"
+      echo ""
+      continue
+    fi
+    echo "目标文件: $obj" >> "$test_log"
+    
+    # 链接为可执行文件
+    echo "链接: clang $obj ${PROJECT_ROOT}/sylib/sylib.c -o $exe -lm" >> "$test_log"
+    clang "$obj" "${PROJECT_ROOT}/sylib/sylib.c" -o "$exe" -lm 2>/dev/null
+    if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
+      echo "  ✗ 链接失败"
+      echo "结果: FAILED (链接失败)" >> "$test_log"
+      failed_tests=$((failed_tests + 1))
+      failed_list="$failed_list\n[$total_tests] $relative_path - 链接失败"
+      echo ""
+      continue
+    fi
+    echo "可执行文件: $exe" >> "$test_log"
+    
+    # 运行可执行文件
+    if $VERBOSE; then
+      echo "  运行..."
+    fi
+    echo "运行命令: $exe" >> "$test_log"
+    if [[ -f "$stdin_file" ]]; then
+      echo "标准输入: $stdin_file" >> "$test_log"
+    fi
+    run_start=$(date +%s.%N)
+    set +e
+    if [[ -f "$stdin_file" ]]; then
+      (ulimit -s unlimited; "$exe" < "$stdin_file") > "$stdout_file"
+    else
+      (ulimit -s unlimited; "$exe") > "$stdout_file"
+    fi
+    status=$?
+    set -e
+    run_end=$(date +%s.%N)
+    run_time=$(python3 -c "print(f'{float($run_end)-float($run_start):.3f}s')" 2>/dev/null || echo "-")
+    echo "退出码: $status" >> "$test_log"
+    echo "标准输出:" >> "$test_log"
+    cat "$stdout_file" >> "$test_log"
+    
+    # 保存实际输出（包含退出码）
+    {
+      cat "$stdout_file"
+      if [[ -s "$stdout_file" ]] && (( $(tail -c 1 "$stdout_file" | wc -l) == 0 )); then
+        printf '\n'
+      fi
+      printf '%s\n' "$status"
+    } > "$actual_file"
+    
+    # 比对输出
+    echo "步骤3: 比对输出" >> "$test_log"
+    if [[ -f "$expected_file" ]]; then
+      echo "预期输出: $expected_file" >> "$test_log"
+      echo "实际输出: $actual_file" >> "$test_log"
+      
+      if diff <(tr -d '\r' < "$expected_file" | sed -e '$a\') \
+              <(tr -d '\r' < "$actual_file"   | sed -e '$a\') > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "  ✓ 编译:${compile_time} 运行:${run_time}"
+        echo "结果: PASSED (输出匹配)" >> "$test_log"
+        passed_tests=$((passed_tests + 1))
+      else
+        echo "  ✗ 输出不匹配"
+        echo "结果: FAILED (输出不匹配)" >> "$test_log"
+        echo "差异:" >> "$test_log"
+        diff <(tr -d '\r' < "$expected_file" | sed -e '$a\') \
+             <(tr -d '\r' < "$actual_file"   | sed -e '$a\') >> "$test_log" 2>&1 || true
+        failed_tests=$((failed_tests + 1))
+        failed_list="$failed_list\n[$total_tests] $relative_path - 输出不匹配"
+        if $VERBOSE; then
+          echo "    预期:"
+          cat "$expected_file"
+          echo "    实际:"
+          cat "$actual_file"
+        fi
+      fi
     else
-        echo "失败"
-        fail_count=$((fail_count + 1))
-        failed_cases+=("$relative_path")
-        echo "  错误信息已保存到: $output_file"
+      echo "  ? 无预期输出文件，跳过比对 (编译:${compile_time})"
+      echo "警告: 无预期输出文件，跳过比对" >> "$test_log"
+      echo "结果: SKIPPED (无预期输出)" >> "$test_log"
+      passed_tests=$((passed_tests + 1))
     fi
+  else
+    echo "步骤2: 跳过执行测试 (--run未启用)" >> "$test_log"
+    echo "结果: PASSED (仅IR生成)" >> "$test_log"
+    passed_tests=$((passed_tests + 1))
+    echo "  ✓ 编译:${compile_time}"
+  fi
+  
+  echo ""
 done < <(find "$TEST_CASE_DIR" -name "*.sy" | sort)
 
-echo ""
+# 输出统计结果到终端
 echo "=== 测试完成 ==="
-echo "通过: $pass_count"
-echo "失败: $fail_count"
-echo "结果保存在: $TEST_RESULT_DIR"
+echo "总测试数: $total_tests"
+echo "通过: $passed_tests"
+echo "失败: $failed_tests"
 
-if [ ${#failed_cases[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
-    echo ""
-    echo "=== 失败的用例 ==="
-    for f in "${failed_cases[@]}"; do
-        echo "  - $f"
-    done
-    exit 1
+# 写入汇总日志
+echo "=== IR测试汇总报告 ===" > "$summary_log"
+echo "测试时间: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "测试目录: $TEST_CASE_DIR" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "结果目录: $TEST_RESULT_DIR" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "运行可执行文件: $RUN_EXEC" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "=== 统计结果 ===" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "总测试数: $total_tests" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "通过: $passed_tests" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "失败: $failed_tests" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "成功率: $((passed_tests * 100 / total_tests))%" >> "$summary_log"
+echo "" >> "$summary_log"
+
+if [[ $failed_tests -gt 0 ]]; then
+  echo "=== 失败测试列表 ===" >> "$summary_log"
+  echo -e "$failed_list" >> "$summary_log"
 fi
+
+echo "详细日志已保存到各测试用例目录"
+echo "汇总日志: $summary_log"
+
+if [[ $failed_tests -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "所有测试通过！"
+  exit 0
+else
+  echo "有 $failed_tests 个测试失败"
+  exit 1
+fi

scripts/test_riscv_basic.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# 获取项目根目录
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+COMPILER="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+TEST_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/test/test_case/basic"
+
+# 颜色定义
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+# 检查编译器
+if [ ! -f "$COMPILER" ]; then
+    echo "错误: 编译器不存在: $COMPILER"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# 检查工具链
+if ! command -v riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "错误: 未找到 riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! command -v qemu-riscv64 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "错误: 未找到 qemu-riscv64"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "RISC-V 基础功能测试"
+echo "=========================================="
+
+# 定义测试用例
+TESTS="arith:50 add:30 sub:7 mul:50 div:25 mod:2 var:43"
+
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+
+for test in $TESTS; do
+    name=$(echo $test | cut -d: -f1)
+    expected=$(echo $test | cut -d: -f2)
+    
+    echo -n "测试 $name (期望 $expected) ... "
+    
+    # 生成汇编
+    "$COMPILER" "$TEST_DIR/$name.sy" --emit-asm > /tmp/test_$name.s 2>&1
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}失败 (汇编错误)${NC}"
+        FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    # 链接
+    riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static /tmp/test_$name.s -o /tmp/test_$name -no-pie 2>/dev/null
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}失败 (链接错误)${NC}"
+        FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+        continue
+    fi
+    
+    # 运行
+    qemu-riscv64 /tmp/test_$name > /dev/null 2>&1
+    exit_code=$?
+    
+    if [ $exit_code -eq $expected ]; then
+        echo -e "${GREEN}通过${NC}"
+        PASS=$((PASS + 1))
+    else
+        echo -e "${RED}失败 (实际 $exit_code)${NC}"
+        FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+    fi
+done
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo -e "测试结果: ${GREEN}通过 $PASS${NC} / ${RED}失败 $FAIL${NC}"
+echo "=========================================="
+
+if [ $FAIL -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ 所有基础测试通过！${NC}"
+    exit 0
+else
+    echo -e "${RED}✗ 有 $FAIL 个测试失败${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi

scripts/verify_ir.sh

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+
 if [[ $# -lt 1 || $# -gt 3 ]]; then
   echo "用法: $0 <input.sy> [output_dir] [--run]" >&2
   exit 1
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ if [[ ! -f "$input" ]]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
-compiler="./build/bin/compiler"
+compiler="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
 if [[ ! -x "$compiler" ]]; then
   echo "未找到编译器: $compiler ，请先构建（如: mkdir -p build && cd build && cmake .. && make -j）" >&2
   exit 1
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ stem=${base%.sy}
 out_file="$out_dir/$stem.ll"
 stdin_file="$input_dir/$stem.in"
 expected_file="$input_dir/$stem.out"
-"$compiler" --emit-ir "$input" > "$out_file"
+"$compiler" "$input" -IR -o "$out_file" -O1
 echo "IR 已生成: $out_file"
 
 if [[ "$run_exec" == true ]]; then
@@ -60,13 +62,13 @@ if [[ "$run_exec" == true ]]; then
   stdout_file="$out_dir/$stem.stdout"
   actual_file="$out_dir/$stem.actual.out"
   llc -filetype=obj "$out_file" -o "$obj"
-  clang "$obj" -o "$exe"
+  clang "$obj" "$PROJECT_ROOT/sylib/sylib.c" -o "$exe" -lm
   echo "运行 $exe ..."
   set +e
   if [[ -f "$stdin_file" ]]; then
-    "$exe" < "$stdin_file" > "$stdout_file"
+    (ulimit -s unlimited; "$exe" < "$stdin_file") > "$stdout_file"
   else
-    "$exe" > "$stdout_file"
+    (ulimit -s unlimited; "$exe") > "$stdout_file"
   fi
   status=$?
   set -e
@@ -81,9 +83,11 @@ if [[ "$run_exec" == true ]]; then
   } > "$actual_file"
 
   if [[ -f "$expected_file" ]]; then
-    if diff -u "$expected_file" "$actual_file"; then
+    if diff <(tr -d '\r' < "$expected_file" | sed -e '$a\') \
+            <(tr -d '\r' < "$actual_file"   | sed -e '$a\') > /dev/null 2>&1; then
       echo "输出匹配: $expected_file"
     else
+      diff -u "$expected_file" "$actual_file" || true
       echo "输出不匹配: $expected_file" >&2
       echo "实际输出已保存: $actual_file" >&2
       exit 1

scripts/verify_mir.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+
+if [[ $# -lt 1 || $# -gt 3 ]]; then
+  echo "用法: $0 <input.sy> [output_dir] [--run]" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+input=$1
+out_dir="test/test_result/mir"
+run_exec=false
+input_dir=$(dirname "$input")
+
+shift
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --run)
+      run_exec=true
+      ;;
+    *)
+      out_dir="$1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+if [[ ! -f "$input" ]]; then
+  echo "输入文件不存在: $input" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+compiler="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+if [[ ! -x "$compiler" ]]; then
+  echo "未找到编译器: $compiler ，请先构建。" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$out_dir"
+base=$(basename "$input")
+stem=${base%.sy}
+mir_file="$out_dir/$stem.mir"
+asm_file="$out_dir/$stem.s"
+exe="$out_dir/$stem"
+stdin_file="$input_dir/$stem.in"
+expected_file="$input_dir/$stem.out"
+
+# 生成 MIR
+"$compiler" --emit-mir "$input" > "$mir_file"
+echo "MIR 已生成: $mir_file"
+
+# 生成汇编
+"$compiler" --emit-asm "$input" > "$asm_file"
+echo "汇编已生成: $asm_file"
+
+if [[ "$run_exec" == true ]]; then
+  if ! command -v riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "未找到 riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if ! command -v qemu-riscv64 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "未找到 qemu-riscv64" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static "$asm_file" -o "$exe" -no-pie
+
+  stdout_file="$out_dir/$stem.stdout"
+  actual_file="$out_dir/$stem.actual.out"
+  echo "运行 $exe ..."
+  set +e
+  if [[ -f "$stdin_file" ]]; then
+    qemu-riscv64 "$exe" < "$stdin_file" > "$stdout_file"
+  else
+    qemu-riscv64 "$exe" > "$stdout_file"
+  fi
+  status=$?
+  set -e
+  cat "$stdout_file"
+  echo "退出码: $status"
+  {
+    cat "$stdout_file"
+    if [[ -s "$stdout_file" ]] && (( $(tail -c 1 "$stdout_file" | wc -l) == 0 )); then
+      printf '\n'
+    fi
+    printf '%s\n' "$status"
+  } > "$actual_file"
+
+  if [[ -f "$expected_file" ]]; then
+    if diff -u "$expected_file" "$actual_file"; then
+      echo "输出匹配: $expected_file"
+    else
+      echo "输出不匹配: $expected_file" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "未找到预期输出文件，跳过比对: $expected_file"
+  fi
+fi

scripts/verify_mir_asm.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+PROJECT_ROOT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." ; pwd)
+
+if [[ $# -lt 1 || $# -gt 3 ]]; then
+  echo "用法: $0 <input.sy> [output_dir] [--run]" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+input=$1
+out_dir="test/test_result/riscv_asm"
+run_exec=false
+input_dir=$(dirname "$input")
+
+shift
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --run)
+      run_exec=true
+      ;;
+    *)
+      out_dir="$1"
+      ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+if [[ ! -f "$input" ]]; then
+  echo "输入文件不存在: $input" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+compiler="$PROJECT_ROOT/build/bin/compiler"
+if [[ ! -x "$compiler" ]]; then
+  echo "未找到编译器: $compiler ，请先构建。" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! command -v riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "未找到 riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc，无法汇编/链接。" >&2
+  echo "请安装: sudo apt install gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$out_dir"
+base=$(basename "$input")
+stem=${base%.sy}
+asm_file="$out_dir/$stem.s"
+exe="$out_dir/$stem"
+stdin_file="$input_dir/$stem.in"
+expected_file="$input_dir/$stem.out"
+
+"$compiler" --emit-asm "$input" 2>/dev/null > "$asm_file"
+echo "汇编已生成: $asm_file"
+
+# 使用静态链接避免动态链接器问题
+riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -static "$asm_file" -o "$exe" -no-pie
+echo "可执行文件已生成: $exe"
+
+if [[ "$run_exec" == true ]]; then
+  if ! command -v qemu-riscv64 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "未找到 qemu-riscv64，无法运行生成的可执行文件。" >&2
+    echo "请安装: sudo apt install qemu-user" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  stdout_file="$out_dir/$stem.stdout"
+  actual_file="$out_dir/$stem.actual.out"
+  echo "运行 $exe ..."
+  set +e
+  if [[ -f "$stdin_file" ]]; then
+    qemu-riscv64 "$exe" < "$stdin_file" > "$stdout_file"
+  else
+    qemu-riscv64 "$exe" > "$stdout_file"
+  fi
+  status=$?
+  set -e
+  cat "$stdout_file"
+  echo "退出码: $status"
+  {
+    cat "$stdout_file"
+    if [[ -s "$stdout_file" ]] && (( $(tail -c 1 "$stdout_file" | wc -l) == 0 )); then
+      printf '\n'
+    fi
+    printf '%s\n' "$status"
+  } > "$actual_file"
+
+  if [[ -f "$expected_file" ]]; then
+    if diff -u "$expected_file" "$actual_file"; then
+      echo "输出匹配: $expected_file"
+    else
+      echo "输出不匹配: $expected_file" >&2
+      echo "实际输出已保存: $actual_file" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "未找到预期输出文件，跳过比对: $expected_file"
+  fi
+fi

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ if(NOT COMPILER_PARSE_ONLY)
   target_link_libraries(compiler PRIVATE
     sem
     irgen
+    ir
     mir
   )
   target_compile_definitions(compiler PRIVATE COMPILER_PARSE_ONLY=0)

src/ir/BasicBlock.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace ir {
@@ -42,4 +43,53 @@ const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& BasicBlock::GetSuccessors() const {
   return successors_;
 }
 
+void BasicBlock::AddPredecessor(BasicBlock* bb) {
+  if (bb) predecessors_.push_back(bb);
+}
+
+void BasicBlock::RemovePredecessor(BasicBlock* bb) {
+  predecessors_.erase(
+      std::remove(predecessors_.begin(), predecessors_.end(), bb),
+      predecessors_.end());
+}
+
+void BasicBlock::ClearPredecessors() { predecessors_.clear(); }
+
+void BasicBlock::AddSuccessor(BasicBlock* bb) {
+  if (bb) successors_.push_back(bb);
+}
+
+void BasicBlock::ClearSuccessors() { successors_.clear(); }
+
+void BasicBlock::RemoveInstruction(Instruction* inst) {
+  for (auto it = instructions_.begin(); it != instructions_.end(); ++it) {
+    if (it->get() == inst) {
+      instructions_.erase(it);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BasicBlock::InsertBefore(Instruction* inst, Instruction* before) {
+  if (!before) {
+    // append (respecting terminator)
+    if (!instructions_.empty() && instructions_.back()->IsTerminator()) {
+      instructions_.insert(instructions_.end() - 1,
+                           std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(inst));
+    } else {
+      instructions_.push_back(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(inst));
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (auto it = instructions_.begin(); it != instructions_.end(); ++it) {
+      if (it->get() == before) {
+        instructions_.insert(it, std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(inst));
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    // before not found, append instead
+    instructions_.push_back(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(inst));
+  }
+  inst->SetParent(this);
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/Context.cpp

@@ -29,4 +29,10 @@ std::string Context::NextTemp() {
   return oss.str();
 }
 
+std::string Context::NextLabel() {
+  std::ostringstream oss;
+  oss << "L" << ++label_index_;
+  return oss.str();
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/Function.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // IR Function
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 namespace ir {
 
 Function::Function(std::string name, std::shared_ptr<Type> ret_type)
@@ -17,6 +19,17 @@ BasicBlock* Function::CreateBlock(const std::string& name) {
   return ptr;
 }
 
+void Function::MoveBlockToEnd(BasicBlock* bb) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < blocks_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (blocks_[i].get() == bb) {
+      auto tmp = std::move(blocks_[i]);
+      blocks_.erase(blocks_.begin() + i);
+      blocks_.push_back(std::move(tmp));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 BasicBlock* Function::GetEntry() { return entry_; }
 const BasicBlock* Function::GetEntry() const { return entry_; }
 const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BasicBlock>>& Function::GetBlocks() const {
@@ -34,4 +47,84 @@ Argument* Function::GetArgument(size_t i) const {
   return args_[i].get();
 }
 
+void Function::RebuildCFG() {
+  // 清除所有块的前驱/后继
+  for (auto& bb : blocks_) {
+    bb->ClearPredecessors();
+    bb->ClearSuccessors();
+  }
+
+  // 根据终结指令重新计算
+  for (auto& bb : blocks_) {
+    const auto& insts = bb->GetInstructions();
+    if (insts.empty()) continue;
+    auto* term = insts.back().get();
+    if (!term->IsTerminator()) continue;
+
+    switch (term->GetOpcode()) {
+      case Opcode::Br: {
+        auto* target = static_cast<BrInst*>(term)->GetTarget();
+        bb->AddSuccessor(target);
+        target->AddPredecessor(bb.get());
+        break;
+      }
+      case Opcode::CondBr: {
+        auto* cbr = static_cast<CondBrInst*>(term);
+        auto* t = cbr->GetTrueBB();
+        auto* f = cbr->GetFalseBB();
+        bb->AddSuccessor(t);
+        bb->AddSuccessor(f);
+        t->AddPredecessor(bb.get());
+        f->AddPredecessor(bb.get());
+        break;
+      }
+      case Opcode::Ret:
+        // 无后继
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Function::RemoveBlock(BasicBlock* bb) {
+  if (entry_ == bb) return;
+
+  // 步骤1：清除所有 PHI 节点中对本块的引用
+  for (auto& other_bb : blocks_) {
+    if (other_bb.get() == bb) continue;
+    for (auto& inst : other_bb->GetInstructions()) {
+      if (auto* phi = dynamic_cast<PhiInst*>(inst.get())) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->GetNumIncoming(); ++i) {
+          if (phi->GetIncomingBlock(i) == bb) {
+            phi->SetOperand(i * 2, nullptr);       // value
+            phi->SetOperand(i * 2 + 1, nullptr);   // block
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 步骤2：将块内所有指令"未定义化"，用 undef (nullptr) 替换所有使用
+  // 这样其他引用这些指令的 place 会变成 null，后续 SanitizePhis 会修复
+  for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+    inst->ReplaceAllUsesWith(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  // 步骤3：断开本块指令对操作数的引用
+  for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < inst->GetNumOperands(); ++i) {
+      inst->SetOperand(i, nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 步骤4：从 blocks_ 中移除
+  blocks_.erase(
+      std::remove_if(blocks_.begin(), blocks_.end(),
+                     [bb](const std::unique_ptr<BasicBlock>& b) {
+                       return b.get() == bb;
+                     }),
+      blocks_.end());
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/IRBuilder.cpp

@@ -136,6 +136,15 @@ AllocaInst* IRBuilder::CreateAllocaArray(int num_elements,
                                            num_elements, name);
 }
 
+AllocaInst* IRBuilder::CreateAllocaArrayF32(int num_elements,
+                                            const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Append<AllocaInst>(Type::GetPtrFloat32Type(),
+                                           num_elements, name);
+}
+
 GepInst* IRBuilder::CreateGep(Value* base_ptr, Value* index,
                                const std::string& name) {
   if (!insert_block_) {
@@ -237,4 +246,28 @@ FPToSIInst* IRBuilder::CreateFPToSI(Value* val, const std::string& name) {
   return insert_block_->Append<FPToSIInst>(val, name);
 }
 
+PhiInst* IRBuilder::CreatePhi(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty,
+                               const std::string& name) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  return insert_block_->Prepend<PhiInst>(std::move(ty), name);
+}
+
+void IRBuilder::CreateMemsetZero(Value* ptr, int num_elements, Context& ctx, Module& mod) {
+  if (!insert_block_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "IRBuilder 未设置插入点"));
+  }
+  // declare memset if not already declared
+  if (!mod.HasExternalDecl("memset")) {
+    mod.DeclareExternalFunc("memset", Type::GetVoidType(),
+                            {Type::GetPtrInt32Type(), Type::GetInt32Type(), Type::GetInt32Type()});
+  }
+  int byte_count = num_elements * 4;
+  insert_block_->Append<CallInst>(
+      std::string("memset"), Type::GetVoidType(),
+      std::vector<Value*>{ptr, ctx.GetConstInt(0), ctx.GetConstInt(byte_count)},
+      std::string(""));
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/IRPrinter.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <ostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
@@ -44,87 +49,274 @@ static const char* FPredToStr(FCmpPredicate pred) {
   return "?";
 }
 
-static std::string ValStr(const Value* v) {
+using RenameMap = std::unordered_map<const Value*, int>;
+
+static std::string ValStr(const Value* v, const RenameMap& rm) {
   if (!v) return "<null>";
-  if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)) {
-    return std::to_string(ci->GetValue());
-  }
+  if (dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v))
+    return std::to_string(static_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)->GetValue());
   if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<const ConstantFloat*>(v)) {
-    return std::to_string(cf->GetValue());
+    double d = static_cast<double>(cf->GetValue());
+    uint64_t bits;
+    std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(bits));
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << "0x" << std::hex << std::uppercase << bits;
+    return oss.str();
   }
-  // BasicBlock: 打印为 label %name
-  if (dynamic_cast<const BasicBlock*>(v)) {
+  if (dynamic_cast<const BasicBlock*>(v))
     return "%" + v->GetName();
-  }
-  // GlobalVariable: 打印为 @name
   if (auto* gv = dynamic_cast<const GlobalVariable*>(v)) {
     if (gv->IsArray()) {
-      // 数组全局变量的指针：getelementptr [N x i32], [N x i32]* @name, i32 0, i32 0
-      return "getelementptr ([" + std::to_string(gv->GetNumElements()) +
-             " x i32], [" + std::to_string(gv->GetNumElements()) +
-             " x i32]* @" + gv->GetName() + ", i32 0, i32 0)";
+      const char* et = gv->IsFloat() ? "float" : "i32";
+      return std::string("getelementptr ([") + std::to_string(gv->GetNumElements()) +
+             " x " + et + "], [" + std::to_string(gv->GetNumElements()) +
+             " x " + et + "]* @" + gv->GetName() + ", i32 0, i32 0)";
     }
     return "@" + v->GetName();
   }
+  auto it = rm.find(v);
+  if (it != rm.end()) return "%" + std::to_string(it->second);
   return "%" + v->GetName();
 }
 
-static std::string TypeVal(const Value* v) {
+static std::string TypeVal(const Value* v, const RenameMap& rm) {
   if (!v) return "void";
-  if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)) {
-    return std::string(TypeToStr(*ci->GetType())) + " " +
-           std::to_string(ci->GetValue());
-  }
+  if (dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v))
+    return std::string(TypeToStr(*v->GetType())) + " " +
+           std::to_string(static_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)->GetValue());
   if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<const ConstantFloat*>(v)) {
-    return std::string(TypeToStr(*cf->GetType())) + " " +
-           std::to_string(cf->GetValue());
+    double d = static_cast<double>(cf->GetValue());
+    uint64_t bits;
+    std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(bits));
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << "float 0x" << std::hex << std::uppercase << bits;
+    return oss.str();
+  }
+  return std::string(TypeToStr(*v->GetType())) + " " + ValStr(v, rm);
+}
+
+// Print one instruction (non-alloca) using rename map
+static void PrintInst(const Instruction* inst, std::ostream& os,
+                      const RenameMap& rm) {
+  auto N = [&](const Value* v) -> std::string {
+    auto it = rm.find(v);
+    if (it != rm.end()) return std::to_string(it->second);
+    return v->GetName();
+  };
+  auto VS = [&](const Value* v) { return ValStr(v, rm); };
+  auto TV = [&](const Value* v) { return TypeVal(v, rm); };
+
+  switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
+    case Opcode::Add: case Opcode::Sub: case Opcode::Mul:
+    case Opcode::Div: case Opcode::Mod: {
+      auto* bin = static_cast<const BinaryInst*>(inst);
+      const char* op = nullptr;
+      switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
+        case Opcode::Add: op = "add";  break;
+        case Opcode::Sub: op = "sub";  break;
+        case Opcode::Mul: op = "mul";  break;
+        case Opcode::Div: op = "sdiv"; break;
+        case Opcode::Mod: op = "srem"; break;
+        default: op = "?"; break;
+      }
+      os << "  %" << N(bin) << " = " << op << " i32 "
+         << VS(bin->GetLhs()) << ", " << VS(bin->GetRhs()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::FAdd: case Opcode::FSub:
+    case Opcode::FMul: case Opcode::FDiv: {
+      auto* bin = static_cast<const BinaryInst*>(inst);
+      const char* op = nullptr;
+      switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
+        case Opcode::FAdd: op = "fadd"; break;
+        case Opcode::FSub: op = "fsub"; break;
+        case Opcode::FMul: op = "fmul"; break;
+        case Opcode::FDiv: op = "fdiv"; break;
+        default: op = "?"; break;
+      }
+      os << "  %" << N(bin) << " = " << op << " float "
+         << VS(bin->GetLhs()) << ", " << VS(bin->GetRhs()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::ICmp: {
+      auto* cmp = static_cast<const ICmpInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  %" << N(cmp) << " = icmp " << PredToStr(cmp->GetPredicate())
+         << " i32 " << VS(cmp->GetLhs()) << ", " << VS(cmp->GetRhs()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::FCmp: {
+      auto* cmp = static_cast<const FCmpInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  %" << N(cmp) << " = fcmp " << FPredToStr(cmp->GetPredicate())
+         << " float " << VS(cmp->GetLhs()) << ", " << VS(cmp->GetRhs()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Alloca: {
+      auto* al = static_cast<const AllocaInst*>(inst);
+      const char* et = al->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? "float" : "i32";
+      if (al->IsArray())
+        os << "  %" << N(al) << " = alloca " << et << ", i32 " << al->GetNumElements() << "\n";
+      else
+        os << "  %" << N(al) << " = alloca " << et << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Gep: {
+      auto* gep = static_cast<const GepInst*>(inst);
+      bool fp = gep->GetBasePtr()->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32();
+      os << "  %" << N(gep) << " = getelementptr " << (fp ? "float" : "i32")
+         << ", " << (fp ? "float*" : "i32*") << " "
+         << VS(gep->GetBasePtr()) << ", i32 " << VS(gep->GetIndex()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Load: {
+      auto* ld = static_cast<const LoadInst*>(inst);
+      bool fp = ld->GetPtr()->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32();
+      os << "  %" << N(ld) << " = load " << (fp ? "float" : "i32")
+         << ", " << (fp ? "float*" : "i32*") << " " << VS(ld->GetPtr()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Store: {
+      auto* st = static_cast<const StoreInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  store " << TV(st->GetValue()) << ", "
+         << TypeToStr(*st->GetPtr()->GetType()) << " " << VS(st->GetPtr()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Ret: {
+      auto* ret = static_cast<const ReturnInst*>(inst);
+      if (!ret->HasValue()) os << "  ret void\n";
+      else os << "  ret " << TV(ret->GetValue()) << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Br: {
+      auto* br = static_cast<const BrInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  br label %" << br->GetTarget()->GetName() << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::CondBr: {
+      auto* cbr = static_cast<const CondBrInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  br i1 " << VS(cbr->GetCond()) << ", label %"
+         << cbr->GetTrueBB()->GetName() << ", label %"
+         << cbr->GetFalseBB()->GetName() << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Call: {
+      auto* call = static_cast<const CallInst*>(inst);
+      if (!call->IsVoid() && !call->GetName().empty())
+        os << "  %" << N(call) << " = ";
+      else
+        os << "  ";
+      os << "call " << (call->IsVoid() ? "void" : TypeToStr(*call->GetType()))
+         << " @" << call->GetCalleeName() << "(";
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < call->GetNumArgs(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+        os << TV(call->GetArg(i));
+      }
+      os << ")\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::ZExt: {
+      auto* ze = static_cast<const ZExtInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  %" << N(ze) << " = zext i1 " << VS(ze->GetSrc()) << " to i32\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::SIToFP: {
+      auto* si = static_cast<const SIToFPInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  %" << N(si) << " = sitofp i32 " << VS(si->GetSrc()) << " to float\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::FPToSI: {
+      auto* fp = static_cast<const FPToSIInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  %" << N(fp) << " = fptosi float " << VS(fp->GetSrc()) << " to i32\n";
+      break;
+    }
+    case Opcode::Phi: {
+      auto* phi = static_cast<const PhiInst*>(inst);
+      os << "  %" << N(phi) << " = phi " << TypeToStr(*phi->GetType()) << " ";
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->GetNumIncoming(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+        os << "[ " << VS(phi->GetIncomingValue(i)) << ", %"
+           << phi->GetIncomingBlock(i)->GetName() << " ]";
+      }
+      os << "\n";
+      break;
+    }
   }
-  return std::string(TypeToStr(*v->GetType())) + " " + ValStr(v);
 }
 
 void IRPrinter::Print(const Module& module, std::ostream& os) {
   // 1. 全局变量/常量
-  for (const auto& g : module.GetGlobalVariables()) {
-    if (g->IsArray()) {
-      // 全局数组：zeroinitializer
-      if (g->IsConst()) {
-        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = constant [" << g->GetNumElements()
-           << " x i32] zeroinitializer\n";
+  for (const auto& gv : module.GetGlobalVariables()) {
+    if (!gv) continue;
+    if (gv->IsConstant()) {
+      os << "@" << gv->GetName() << " = constant i32 " << gv->GetInitVal() << "\n";
+    } else if (gv->IsArray()) {
+      const char* et = gv->IsFloat() ? "float" : "i32";
+      os << "@" << gv->GetName() << " = global [" << gv->GetNumElements()
+         << " x " << et << "] ";
+      if (!gv->HasInitVals()) {
+        os << "zeroinitializer\n";
+      } else if (gv->IsFloat()) {
+        const auto& vals = gv->GetInitValsF();
+        bool all_zero = std::all_of(vals.begin(), vals.end(), [](float f){ return f == 0.0f; });
+        if (all_zero) {
+          os << "zeroinitializer\n";
+        } else {
+          os << "[";
+          for (int i = 0; i < gv->GetNumElements(); ++i) {
+            if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+            float fv = (i < (int)vals.size()) ? vals[i] : 0.0f;
+            double d = static_cast<double>(fv);
+            uint64_t bits;
+            std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(bits));
+            std::ostringstream oss;
+            oss << "float 0x" << std::hex << std::uppercase << bits;
+            os << oss.str();
+          }
+          os << "]\n";
+        }
       } else {
-        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = global [" << g->GetNumElements()
-           << " x i32] zeroinitializer\n";
+        const auto& vals = gv->GetInitVals();
+        bool all_zero = std::all_of(vals.begin(), vals.end(), [](int v){ return v == 0; });
+        if (all_zero) {
+          os << "zeroinitializer\n";
+        } else {
+          os << "[";
+          for (int i = 0; i < gv->GetNumElements(); ++i) {
+            if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+            os << "i32 " << (i < (int)vals.size() ? vals[i] : 0);
+          }
+          os << "]\n";
+        }
       }
     } else {
-      if (g->IsConst()) {
-        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = constant i32 " << g->GetInitVal()
-           << "\n";
-      } else {
-        os << "@" << g->GetName() << " = global i32 " << g->GetInitVal()
-           << "\n";
+      if(gv->IsFloat()) {
+        double d = static_cast<double>(gv->GetInitValF());
+        uint64_t bits;
+        std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(bits));
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "0x" << std::hex << std::uppercase << bits;
+        os << "@" << gv->GetName() << " = global float " << oss.str() << "\n";
+      } else
+      {
+        os << "@" << gv->GetName() << " = global i32 " << gv->GetInitVal() << "\n";
       }
     }
   }
   if (!module.GetGlobalVariables().empty()) os << "\n";
 
-  // 2. 外部函数声明
+  // 2. 外部声明
   for (const auto& decl : module.GetExternalDecls()) {
     os << "declare " << TypeToStr(*decl.ret_type) << " @" << decl.name << "(";
     for (size_t i = 0; i < decl.param_types.size(); ++i) {
       if (i > 0) os << ", ";
       os << TypeToStr(*decl.param_types[i]);
     }
-    if (decl.is_variadic) {
-      if (!decl.param_types.empty()) os << ", ";
-      os << "...";
-    }
     os << ")\n";
   }
   if (!module.GetExternalDecls().empty()) os << "\n";
 
   // 3. 函数定义
   for (const auto& func : module.GetFunctions()) {
-    os << "define " << TypeToStr(*func->GetType()) << " @" << func->GetName()
-       << "(";
+    os << "define " << TypeToStr(*func->GetType()) << " @" << func->GetName() << "(";
     for (size_t i = 0; i < func->GetNumArgs(); ++i) {
       if (i > 0) os << ", ";
       auto* arg = func->GetArgument(i);
@@ -132,172 +324,63 @@ void IRPrinter::Print(const Module& module, std::ostream& os) {
     }
     os << ") {\n";
 
+    // Build rename map: alloca instructions first (in block order), then rest
+    RenameMap rm;
+    int next_id = 0;
+    auto assign = [&](const Value* v) {
+      if (!v) return;
+      if (dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(v)) return;
+      if (dynamic_cast<const ConstantFloat*>(v)) return;
+      if (dynamic_cast<const BasicBlock*>(v)) return;
+      if (dynamic_cast<const GlobalVariable*>(v)) return;
+      if (dynamic_cast<const Argument*>(v)) return;
+      if (rm.count(v) == 0) rm[v] = next_id++;
+    };
+    // Pass 1: all allocas across all blocks
+    for (const auto& bb : func->GetBlocks()) {
+      if (!bb) continue;
+      for (const auto& ip : bb->GetInstructions())
+        if (ip->GetOpcode() == Opcode::Alloca) assign(ip.get());
+    }
+    // Pass 2: all non-alloca instructions in block order
+    for (const auto& bb : func->GetBlocks()) {
+      if (!bb) continue;
+      for (const auto& ip : bb->GetInstructions())
+        if (ip->GetOpcode() != Opcode::Alloca) assign(ip.get());
+    }
+
+    // Print: entry block first with all allocas hoisted, then rest
+    bool first_bb = true;
     for (const auto& bb : func->GetBlocks()) {
       if (!bb) continue;
       os << bb->GetName() << ":\n";
-      for (const auto& instPtr : bb->GetInstructions()) {
-        const auto* inst = instPtr.get();
-        switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
-          // ── 算术 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::Add:
-          case Opcode::Sub:
-          case Opcode::Mul:
-          case Opcode::Div:
-          case Opcode::Mod: {
-            auto* bin = static_cast<const BinaryInst*>(inst);
-            const char* op_str = nullptr;
-            switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
-              case Opcode::Add: op_str = "add";  break;
-              case Opcode::Sub: op_str = "sub";  break;
-              case Opcode::Mul: op_str = "mul";  break;
-              case Opcode::Div: op_str = "sdiv"; break;
-              case Opcode::Mod: op_str = "srem"; break;
-              default: op_str = "?"; break;
-            }
-            os << "  %" << bin->GetName() << " = " << op_str << " i32 "
-               << ValStr(bin->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(bin->GetRhs())
-               << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          // ── 浮点算术 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::FAdd:
-          case Opcode::FSub:
-          case Opcode::FMul:
-          case Opcode::FDiv: {
-            auto* bin = static_cast<const BinaryInst*>(inst);
-            const char* op_str = nullptr;
-            switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
-              case Opcode::FAdd: op_str = "fadd"; break;
-              case Opcode::FSub: op_str = "fsub"; break;
-              case Opcode::FMul: op_str = "fmul"; break;
-              case Opcode::FDiv: op_str = "fdiv"; break;
-              default: op_str = "?"; break;
-            }
-            os << "  %" << bin->GetName() << " = " << op_str << " float "
-               << ValStr(bin->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(bin->GetRhs())
-               << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          // ── 比较 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::ICmp: {
-            auto* cmp = static_cast<const ICmpInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  %" << cmp->GetName() << " = icmp "
-               << PredToStr(cmp->GetPredicate()) << " i32 "
-               << ValStr(cmp->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(cmp->GetRhs())
-               << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::FCmp: {
-            auto* cmp = static_cast<const FCmpInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  %" << cmp->GetName() << " = fcmp "
-               << FPredToStr(cmp->GetPredicate()) << " float "
-               << ValStr(cmp->GetLhs()) << ", " << ValStr(cmp->GetRhs())
-               << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          // ── 内存 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::Alloca: {
-            auto* al = static_cast<const AllocaInst*>(inst);
-            const char* elem_type = al->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? "float" : "i32";
-            if (al->IsArray()) {
-              os << "  %" << al->GetName() << " = alloca " << elem_type << ", i32 "
-                 << al->GetNumElements() << "\n";
-            } else {
-              os << "  %" << al->GetName() << " = alloca " << elem_type << "\n";
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::Gep: {
-            auto* gep = static_cast<const GepInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  %" << gep->GetName()
-               << " = getelementptr i32, i32* "
-               << ValStr(gep->GetBasePtr()) << ", i32 "
-               << ValStr(gep->GetIndex()) << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::Load: {
-            auto* ld = static_cast<const LoadInst*>(inst);
-            const char* val_type = ld->GetType()->IsFloat32() ? "float" : "i32";
-            const char* ptr_type = ld->GetPtr()->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? "float*" : "i32*";
-            os << "  %" << ld->GetName() << " = load " << val_type << ", " << ptr_type << " "
-               << ValStr(ld->GetPtr()) << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::Store: {
-            auto* st = static_cast<const StoreInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  store " << TypeVal(st->GetValue()) << ", "
-               << TypeToStr(*st->GetPtr()->GetType()) << " "
-               << ValStr(st->GetPtr()) << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          // ── 控制流 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::Ret: {
-            auto* ret = static_cast<const ReturnInst*>(inst);
-            if (!ret->HasValue()) {
-              os << "  ret void\n";
-            } else {
-              auto* v = ret->GetValue();
-              os << "  ret " << TypeVal(v) << "\n";
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::Br: {
-            auto* br = static_cast<const BrInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  br label %" << br->GetTarget()->GetName() << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::CondBr: {
-            auto* cbr = static_cast<const CondBrInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  br i1 " << ValStr(cbr->GetCond()) << ", label %"
-               << cbr->GetTrueBB()->GetName() << ", label %"
-               << cbr->GetFalseBB()->GetName() << "\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          // ── 调用 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::Call: {
-            auto* call = static_cast<const CallInst*>(inst);
-            std::string ret_type_str;
-            if (call->IsVoid()) {
-              ret_type_str = "void";
-            } else {
-              ret_type_str = TypeToStr(*call->GetType());
-            }
-            // 打印赋值部分（仅当有返回值时）
-            if (!call->IsVoid() && !call->GetName().empty()) {
-              os << "  %" << call->GetName() << " = ";
-            } else {
-              os << "  ";
-            }
-            os << "call " << ret_type_str << " @" << call->GetCalleeName()
-               << "(";
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < call->GetNumArgs(); ++i) {
-              if (i > 0) os << ", ";
-              auto* arg = call->GetArg(i);
-              os << TypeVal(arg);
-            }
-            os << ")\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          // ── 类型转换 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-          case Opcode::ZExt: {
-            auto* ze = static_cast<const ZExtInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  %" << ze->GetName() << " = zext i1 "
-               << ValStr(ze->GetSrc()) << " to i32\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::SIToFP: {
-            auto* si = static_cast<const SIToFPInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  %" << si->GetName() << " = sitofp i32 "
-               << ValStr(si->GetSrc()) << " to float\n";
-            break;
-          }
-          case Opcode::FPToSI: {
-            auto* fp = static_cast<const FPToSIInst*>(inst);
-            os << "  %" << fp->GetName() << " = fptosi float "
-               << ValStr(fp->GetSrc()) << " to i32\n";
-            break;
-          }
+      if (first_bb) {
+        first_bb = false;
+        // Print all allocas from all blocks (only for entry block)
+        for (const auto& bb2 : func->GetBlocks()) {
+          if (!bb2) continue;
+          for (const auto& ip : bb2->GetInstructions())
+            if (ip->GetOpcode() == Opcode::Alloca)
+              PrintInst(ip.get(), os, rm);
         }
+        // Print PHI nodes of entry block
+        for (const auto& ip : bb->GetInstructions())
+          if (ip->GetOpcode() == Opcode::Phi)
+            PrintInst(ip.get(), os, rm);
+        // Print non-alloca non-phi instructions of entry block
+        for (const auto& ip : bb->GetInstructions())
+          if (ip->GetOpcode() != Opcode::Alloca && ip->GetOpcode() != Opcode::Phi)
+            PrintInst(ip.get(), os, rm);
+      } else {
+        // Non-entry blocks: skip allocas (already printed)
+        // Print PHI nodes first
+        for (const auto& ip : bb->GetInstructions())
+          if (ip->GetOpcode() == Opcode::Phi)
+            PrintInst(ip.get(), os, rm);
+        // Print non-alloca non-phi instructions
+        for (const auto& ip : bb->GetInstructions())
+          if (ip->GetOpcode() != Opcode::Alloca && ip->GetOpcode() != Opcode::Phi)
+            PrintInst(ip.get(), os, rm);
       }
     }
     os << "}\n\n";

src/ir/Instruction.cpp

@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ bool Instruction::IsTerminator() const {
          opcode_ == Opcode::CondBr;
 }
 
+void Instruction::RemoveFromParent() {
+  if (parent_) {
+    parent_->RemoveInstruction(this);
+  }
+}
+
 BasicBlock* Instruction::GetParent() const { return parent_; }
 void Instruction::SetParent(BasicBlock* parent) { parent_ = parent; }
 
@@ -224,7 +230,11 @@ AllocaInst::AllocaInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ptr_ty, int num_elements,
 
 // ─── GepInst ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 GepInst::GepInst(Value* base_ptr, Value* index, std::string name)
-    : Instruction(Opcode::Gep, Type::GetPtrInt32Type(), std::move(name)) {
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Gep,
+                  (base_ptr && base_ptr->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32())
+                      ? Type::GetPtrFloat32Type()
+                      : Type::GetPtrInt32Type(),
+                  std::move(name)) {
   if (!base_ptr || !index) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("ir", "GepInst 缺少操作数"));
   }
@@ -263,12 +273,30 @@ Value* StoreInst::GetPtr() const { return GetOperand(1); }
 GlobalValue::GlobalValue(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
     : User(std::move(ty), std::move(name)) {}
 
+// ─── PhiInst ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+PhiInst::PhiInst(std::shared_ptr<Type> ty, std::string name)
+    : Instruction(Opcode::Phi, std::move(ty), std::move(name)) {}
+
+void PhiInst::AddIncoming(Value* val, BasicBlock* bb) {
+  AddOperand(val);
+  AddOperand(bb);
+}
+
+BasicBlock* PhiInst::GetIncomingBlock(size_t i) const {
+  return static_cast<BasicBlock*>(GetOperand(i * 2 + 1));
+}
+
 // ─── GlobalVariable ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 GlobalVariable::GlobalVariable(std::string name, bool is_const, int init_val,
-                               int num_elements)
-    : Value(Type::GetPtrInt32Type(), std::move(name)),
+                               int num_elements, bool is_array_decl,
+                               bool is_float)
+    : Value(is_float ? Type::GetPtrFloat32Type() : Type::GetPtrInt32Type(),
+            std::move(name)),
       is_const_(is_const),
+      is_float_(is_float),
       init_val_(init_val),
-      num_elements_(num_elements) {}
+      init_val_f_(0.0f),
+      num_elements_(num_elements),
+      is_array_decl_(is_array_decl) {}
 
 }  // namespace ir

src/ir/Module.cpp

@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Function>>& Module::GetFunctions() const {
 // ─── 全局变量管理 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 GlobalVariable* Module::CreateGlobalVariable(const std::string& name,
                                              bool is_const, int init_val,
-                                             int num_elements) {
+                                             int num_elements, bool is_array_decl,
+                                             bool is_float) {
   globals_.push_back(
-      std::make_unique<GlobalVariable>(name, is_const, init_val, num_elements));
+      std::make_unique<GlobalVariable>(name, is_const, init_val, num_elements, is_array_decl, is_float));
   GlobalVariable* g = globals_.back().get();
   global_map_[name] = g;
   return g;

src/ir/analysis/DominatorTree.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,205 @@
 // 支配树分析：
 // - 构建/查询 Dominator Tree 及相关关系
-// - 为 mem2reg、CFG 优化与循环分析提供基础能力
+// - 使用 Cooper-Harvey-Kennedy 算法，近线性时间复杂度
 
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+void DominatorTree::Compute(Function& func) {
+  func.RebuildCFG();
+
+  // Build block list and reverse postorder (RPO)
+  std::vector<BasicBlock*> blocks;
+  std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, int> rpo;
+  {
+    std::vector<BasicBlock*> rpo_vec;
+    std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> visited;
+    std::function<void(BasicBlock*)> dfs = [&](BasicBlock* bb) {
+      if (!bb || visited.count(bb)) return;
+      visited.insert(bb);
+      for (auto* succ : bb->GetSuccessors()) {
+        dfs(succ);
+      }
+      rpo_vec.push_back(bb);
+    };
+    dfs(func.GetEntry());
+    // Reverse to get RPO (postorder reversed)
+    std::reverse(rpo_vec.begin(), rpo_vec.end());
+    blocks = rpo_vec;
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)blocks.size(); ++i) {
+      rpo[blocks[i]] = i;
+    }
+  }
+  if (blocks.empty()) return;
+  int n = (int)blocks.size();
+
+  auto* entry = func.GetEntry();
+  if (!entry) return;
+
+  // ─── 1. CHK algorithm for immediate dominators ─────────────────────────
+  idom_.clear();
+  idom_[entry] = entry;  // entry is its own dominator
+
+  // Intersect: find common ancestor of b1 and b2 walking up the dom tree
+  // Uses RPO number: a dominator always has lower RPO number
+  auto intersect = [&](BasicBlock* b1, BasicBlock* b2) -> BasicBlock* {
+    auto i1 = rpo.find(b1), i2 = rpo.find(b2);
+    if (i1 == rpo.end() || i2 == rpo.end()) return entry;
+    int r1 = i1->second, r2 = i2->second;
+    while (b1 != b2) {
+      while (r1 > r2) {
+        auto it = idom_.find(b1);
+        if (it == idom_.end() || it->second == b1) return b1;
+        b1 = it->second;
+        r1 = rpo[b1];
+      }
+      while (r2 > r1) {
+        auto it = idom_.find(b2);
+        if (it == idom_.end() || it->second == b2) return b2;
+        b2 = it->second;
+        r2 = rpo[b2];
+      }
+    }
+    return b1;
+  };
+
+  bool changed = true;
+  while (changed) {
+    changed = false;
+    // Process in RPO (skip entry which is first in RPO)
+    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+      auto* bb = blocks[i];
+      // Find first predecessor with defined IDOM
+      BasicBlock* new_idom = nullptr;
+      for (auto* pred : bb->GetPredecessors()) {
+        if (idom_.count(pred) && pred != bb) {
+          new_idom = pred;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!new_idom) continue;
+
+      // Intersect with remaining predecessors
+      for (auto* pred : bb->GetPredecessors()) {
+        if (pred == new_idom || pred == bb) continue;
+        if (idom_.count(pred)) {
+          new_idom = intersect(pred, new_idom);
+        }
+      }
+
+      auto old = idom_.find(bb);
+      if (old == idom_.end() || old->second != new_idom) {
+        idom_[bb] = new_idom;
+        changed = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Entry is its own IDOM, set to nullptr for external queries
+  idom_[entry] = nullptr;
+
+  // Unreached blocks get entry as IDOM
+  for (auto* bb : blocks) {
+    if (!idom_.count(bb)) idom_[bb] = entry;
+  }
+
+  // ─── 2. Build children map and dom levels ──────────────────────────────
+  children_.clear();
+  dom_level_.clear();
+  for (auto& [child, parent] : idom_) {
+    if (parent) children_[parent].push_back(child);
+  }
+
+  // BFS to compute dom levels
+  std::queue<BasicBlock*> q;
+  dom_level_[entry] = 0;
+  q.push(entry);
+  while (!q.empty()) {
+    auto* cur = q.front();
+    q.pop();
+    size_t cur_level = dom_level_[cur];
+    auto it = children_.find(cur);
+    if (it != children_.end()) {
+      for (auto* child : it->second) {
+        dom_level_[child] = cur_level + 1;
+        q.push(child);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ─── 3. Compute dominance frontier ─────────────────────────────────────
+  df_.clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    auto* b = blocks[i];
+    if (b->GetPredecessors().size() < 2) continue;
+    for (auto* p : b->GetPredecessors()) {
+      auto* runner = p;
+      auto* b_idom = GetIDom(b);
+      while (runner != b_idom) {
+        if (!runner) break;
+        df_[runner].push_back(b);
+        runner = GetIDom(runner);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Deduplicate DF entries
+  for (auto& [bb, vec] : df_) {
+    std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
+    vec.erase(std::unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());
+  }
+
+  // ─── 4. Compute DFS order of dominator tree ────────────────────────────
+  df_order_.clear();
+  visited_.clear();
+  std::function<void(BasicBlock*)> dfs_tree = [&](BasicBlock* bb) {
+    if (!bb || visited_.count(bb)) return;
+    visited_.insert(bb);
+    df_order_.push_back(bb);
+    auto it = children_.find(bb);
+    if (it != children_.end()) {
+      for (auto* child : it->second) {
+        dfs_tree(child);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  dfs_tree(entry);
+}
+
+BasicBlock* DominatorTree::GetIDom(BasicBlock* bb) const {
+  auto it = idom_.find(bb);
+  return (it != idom_.end()) ? it->second : nullptr;
+}
+
+const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& DominatorTree::GetChildren(
+    BasicBlock* bb) const {
+  static const std::vector<BasicBlock*> empty;
+  auto it = children_.find(bb);
+  return (it != children_.end()) ? it->second : empty;
+}
+
+const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& DominatorTree::GetDominanceFrontier(
+    BasicBlock* bb) const {
+  static const std::vector<BasicBlock*> empty;
+  auto it = df_.find(bb);
+  return (it != df_.end()) ? it->second : empty;
+}
+
+bool DominatorTree::Dominates(BasicBlock* a, BasicBlock* b) const {
+  if (a == b) return true;
+  BasicBlock* runner = b;
+  while (runner) {
+    runner = GetIDom(runner);
+    if (runner == a) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/CFGSimplify.cpp

@@ -2,3 +2,143 @@
 // - 删除不可达块、合并空块、简化分支等
 // - 改善 IR 结构，便于后续优化与后端生成
 
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+namespace {
+
+// 简化常量条件跳转
+bool SimplifyConstantBranches(Function& func, Context& ctx) {
+  bool changed = false;
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    const auto& insts = bb->GetInstructions();
+    if (insts.empty()) continue;
+    auto* term = insts.back().get();
+    if (auto* cbr = dynamic_cast<CondBrInst*>(term)) {
+      if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(cbr->GetCond())) {
+        BasicBlock* target =
+            (ci->GetValue() != 0) ? cbr->GetTrueBB() : cbr->GetFalseBB();
+        // 替换条件跳转为无条件跳转
+        cbr->RemoveFromParent();
+        bb->Append<BrInst>(target);
+        changed = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return changed;
+}
+
+// 合并空基本块：如果一个块只有一个 br 指令，可以绕过它
+bool MergeEmptyBlocks(Function& func) {
+  bool changed = false;
+  bool local_changed = true;
+
+  // 迭代处理，因为合并一个空块可能产生新的空块或改变前驱关系
+  while (local_changed) {
+    local_changed = false;
+    func.RebuildCFG();
+
+    BasicBlock* block_to_remove = nullptr;
+    for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+      auto* block = bb.get();
+      if (block == func.GetEntry()) continue;
+      const auto& insts = block->GetInstructions();
+      if (insts.size() != 1) continue;
+      auto* br = dynamic_cast<BrInst*>(insts[0].get());
+      if (!br) continue;
+      auto* target = br->GetTarget();
+      if (target == block) continue;
+      // 不能合并目标也是空块的块（将在下一轮处理）
+      if (target->GetInstructions().size() == 1 &&
+          dynamic_cast<BrInst*>(target->GetInstructions()[0].get()) &&
+          target != func.GetEntry()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // 只重定向仍然引用此块的前驱
+      for (auto* pred : block->GetPredecessors()) {
+        if (pred == block) continue;
+        auto& p_insts = pred->GetInstructions();
+        if (p_insts.empty()) continue;
+        auto* p_term = p_insts.back().get();
+        if (auto* cbr = dynamic_cast<CondBrInst*>(p_term)) {
+          if (cbr->GetTrueBB() == block) cbr->SetOperand(1, target);
+          if (cbr->GetFalseBB() == block) cbr->SetOperand(2, target);
+        } else if (auto* p_br = dynamic_cast<BrInst*>(p_term)) {
+          if (p_br->GetTarget() == block) p_br->SetOperand(0, target);
+        }
+        // 更新 target 中引用 block 的 PHI 节点，改为引用 pred
+        for (auto& t_inst : target->GetInstructions()) {
+          if (auto* phi = dynamic_cast<PhiInst*>(t_inst.get())) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->GetNumIncoming(); ++i) {
+              if (phi->GetIncomingBlock(i) == block) {
+                phi->SetOperand(i * 2 + 1, pred);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      block_to_remove = block;
+      local_changed = true;
+      changed = true;
+      break;  // 只合并一个，下一轮迭代重建 CFG
+    }
+
+    if (block_to_remove) {
+      func.RemoveBlock(block_to_remove);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (changed) func.RebuildCFG();
+  return changed;
+}
+
+// 删除不可达基本块
+bool RemoveUnreachableBlocks(Function& func) {
+  func.RebuildCFG();
+  // BFS from entry
+  std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> reachable;
+  std::queue<BasicBlock*> q;
+  auto* entry = func.GetEntry();
+  if (!entry) return false;
+  q.push(entry);
+  reachable.insert(entry);
+  while (!q.empty()) {
+    auto* bb = q.front();
+    q.pop();
+    for (auto* succ : bb->GetSuccessors()) {
+      if (!succ) continue;
+      if (reachable.insert(succ).second) q.push(succ);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<BasicBlock*> unreachable;
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    if (!reachable.count(bb.get())) unreachable.push_back(bb.get());
+  }
+
+  for (auto* bb : unreachable) {
+    func.RemoveBlock(bb);
+  }
+
+  if (!unreachable.empty()) func.RebuildCFG();
+  return !unreachable.empty();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool RunCFGSimplify(Function& func, Context& ctx) {
+  bool changed = false;
+  changed |= SimplifyConstantBranches(func, ctx);
+  changed |= MergeEmptyBlocks(func);
+  changed |= RemoveUnreachableBlocks(func);
+  return changed;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/CSE.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,123 @@
 // 公共子表达式消除（CSE）：
 // - 识别并复用重复计算的等价表达式
-// - 典型放置在 ConstFold 之后、DCE 之前
-// - 当前为 Lab4 的框架占位，具体算法由实验实现
+// - 局部值编号：在单个基本块内消除重复计算
+
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+namespace {
+
+// 为操作数生成唯一标识：常量使用值，否则使用指针
+std::string ValKey(Value* v) {
+  if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(v))
+    return "ci" + std::to_string(ci->GetValue());
+  if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(v)) {
+    // 使用 IEEE 754 位表示
+    union { float f; uint32_t i; } u;
+    u.f = cf->GetValue();
+    return "cf" + std::to_string(u.i);
+  }
+  // 非常量使用指针地址作为唯一标识
+  std::ostringstream oss;
+  oss << "p" << reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(v);
+  return oss.str();
+}
+
+// 为可消除的指令生成 hash key
+std::string MakeKey(Instruction* inst) {
+  switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
+    case Opcode::Add: case Opcode::Sub: case Opcode::Mul:
+    case Opcode::Div: case Opcode::Mod:
+    case Opcode::FAdd: case Opcode::FSub:
+    case Opcode::FMul: case Opcode::FDiv: {
+      auto* bin = static_cast<BinaryInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(bin->GetLhs()) + "|" + ValKey(bin->GetRhs());
+    }
+    case Opcode::ICmp: {
+      auto* cmp = static_cast<ICmpInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             std::to_string(static_cast<int>(cmp->GetPredicate())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(cmp->GetLhs()) + "|" + ValKey(cmp->GetRhs());
+    }
+    case Opcode::FCmp: {
+      auto* cmp = static_cast<FCmpInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             std::to_string(static_cast<int>(cmp->GetPredicate())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(cmp->GetLhs()) + "|" + ValKey(cmp->GetRhs());
+    }
+    case Opcode::Gep: {
+      auto* gep = static_cast<GepInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(gep->GetBasePtr()) + "|" + ValKey(gep->GetIndex());
+    }
+    case Opcode::Load: {
+      auto* ld = static_cast<LoadInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(ld->GetPtr());
+    }
+    case Opcode::ZExt: {
+      auto* ze = static_cast<ZExtInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(ze->GetSrc());
+    }
+    case Opcode::SIToFP: {
+      auto* si = static_cast<SIToFPInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(si->GetSrc());
+    }
+    case Opcode::FPToSI: {
+      auto* fs = static_cast<FPToSIInst*>(inst);
+      return std::to_string(static_cast<int>(inst->GetOpcode())) + "|" +
+             ValKey(fs->GetSrc());
+    }
+    default: return "";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool RunCSE(Function& func) {
+  bool changed = false;
+
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value*> available;
+    std::vector<Instruction*> to_remove;
+
+    for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+      auto* ip = inst.get();
+      std::string key = MakeKey(ip);
+      if (key.empty()) {
+        // 不可消除的指令：如果它有结果，可以考虑将其加入可用集
+        // 但为了简单，这里不处理
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      auto it = available.find(key);
+      if (it != available.end()) {
+        // 找到已有的等价指令，替换使用
+        ip->ReplaceAllUsesWith(it->second);
+        to_remove.push_back(ip);
+        changed = true;
+      } else {
+        available[key] = ip;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (auto* ip : to_remove) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < ip->GetNumOperands(); ++i)
+        ip->SetOperand(i, nullptr);
+      ip->RemoveFromParent();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return changed;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/ConstFold.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,187 @@
 // IR 常量折叠：
 // - 折叠可判定的常量表达式
-// - 简化常量控制流分支（按实现范围裁剪）
+// - 简化常量控制流分支
 
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+namespace {
+
+// 在释放指令前断开其 use-def 链，避免其他值的 uses_ 中有悬空指针
+static void DetachAndRemove(Instruction* inst) {
+  // 先断开自身对操作数的引用，清除 use-def 链
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < inst->GetNumOperands(); ++i)
+    inst->SetOperand(i, nullptr);
+  // 然后从父块中移除（清除父指针后不会再次尝试访问）
+  if (auto* parent = inst->GetParent()) {
+    parent->RemoveInstruction(inst);
+  }
+}
+
+bool FoldICmp(ICmpInst* cmp, Context& ctx) {
+  auto* lhs = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(cmp->GetLhs());
+  auto* rhs = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(cmp->GetRhs());
+  if (!lhs || !rhs) return false;
+
+  int lv = lhs->GetValue(), rv = rhs->GetValue();
+  bool result = false;
+  switch (cmp->GetPredicate()) {
+    case ICmpPredicate::EQ:  result = lv == rv; break;
+    case ICmpPredicate::NE:  result = lv != rv; break;
+    case ICmpPredicate::SLT: result = lv < rv;  break;
+    case ICmpPredicate::SLE: result = lv <= rv; break;
+    case ICmpPredicate::SGT: result = lv > rv;  break;
+    case ICmpPredicate::SGE: result = lv >= rv; break;
+  }
+  cmp->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstInt(result ? 1 : 0));
+  DetachAndRemove(cmp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FoldFCmp(FCmpInst* cmp, Context& ctx) {
+  auto* lhs = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(cmp->GetLhs());
+  auto* rhs = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(cmp->GetRhs());
+  if (!lhs || !rhs) return false;
+
+  float lv = lhs->GetValue(), rv = rhs->GetValue();
+  bool result = false;
+  switch (cmp->GetPredicate()) {
+    case FCmpPredicate::OEQ: result = lv == rv; break;
+    case FCmpPredicate::ONE: result = lv != rv; break;
+    case FCmpPredicate::OLT: result = lv < rv;  break;
+    case FCmpPredicate::OLE: result = lv <= rv; break;
+    case FCmpPredicate::OGT: result = lv > rv;  break;
+    case FCmpPredicate::OGE: result = lv >= rv; break;
+  }
+  cmp->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstInt(result ? 1 : 0));
+  DetachAndRemove(cmp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FoldZExt(ZExtInst* zext, Context& ctx) {
+  auto* src = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(zext->GetSrc());
+  if (!src) return false;
+  zext->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstInt(src->GetValue() != 0 ? 1 : 0));
+  DetachAndRemove(zext);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FoldSIToFP(SIToFPInst* inst, Context& ctx) {
+  auto* src = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(inst->GetSrc());
+  if (!src) return false;
+  inst->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstFloat(static_cast<float>(src->GetValue())));
+  DetachAndRemove(inst);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FoldFPToSI(FPToSIInst* inst, Context& ctx) {
+  auto* src = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(inst->GetSrc());
+  if (!src) return false;
+  inst->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstInt(static_cast<int>(src->GetValue())));
+  DetachAndRemove(inst);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Fold constant binary operations (int and float)
+bool FoldBinaryWithCtx(BinaryInst* bin, Context& ctx) {
+  auto* lhs_c = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(bin->GetLhs());
+  auto* rhs_c = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(bin->GetRhs());
+  auto* lhs_f = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(bin->GetLhs());
+  auto* rhs_f = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(bin->GetRhs());
+
+  if (lhs_c && rhs_c) {
+    int lv = lhs_c->GetValue(), rv = rhs_c->GetValue();
+    int result = 0;
+    bool valid = true;
+    switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
+      case Opcode::Add: result = lv + rv; break;
+      case Opcode::Sub: result = lv - rv; break;
+      case Opcode::Mul: result = lv * rv; break;
+      case Opcode::Div: if (rv != 0) result = lv / rv; else valid = false; break;
+      case Opcode::Mod: if (rv != 0) result = lv % rv; else valid = false; break;
+      default: valid = false; break;
+    }
+    if (valid) {
+      bin->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstInt(result));
+      DetachAndRemove(bin);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (lhs_f && rhs_f) {
+    float lv = lhs_f->GetValue(), rv = rhs_f->GetValue();
+    float result = 0.0f;
+    bool valid = true;
+    switch (bin->GetOpcode()) {
+      case Opcode::FAdd: result = lv + rv; break;
+      case Opcode::FSub: result = lv - rv; break;
+      case Opcode::FMul: result = lv * rv; break;
+      case Opcode::FDiv: if (rv != 0.0f) result = lv / rv; else valid = false; break;
+      default: valid = false; break;
+    }
+    if (valid) {
+      bin->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstFloat(result));
+      DetachAndRemove(bin);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool RunConstFold(Function& func, Context& ctx) {
+  bool changed = false;
+  std::unordered_set<void*> removed;
+
+  bool any_changed = true;
+  while (any_changed) {
+    any_changed = false;
+    for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+      // 每轮重新收集（因为指令列表在变化）
+      std::vector<Instruction*> insts;
+      for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions())
+        insts.push_back(inst.get());
+
+      for (auto* inst : insts) {
+        if (removed.count(inst)) continue;
+        bool folded = false;
+        switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
+          case Opcode::Add: case Opcode::Sub: case Opcode::Mul:
+          case Opcode::Div: case Opcode::Mod:
+          case Opcode::FAdd: case Opcode::FSub:
+          case Opcode::FMul: case Opcode::FDiv:
+            folded = FoldBinaryWithCtx(static_cast<BinaryInst*>(inst), ctx);
+            break;
+          case Opcode::ICmp:
+            folded = FoldICmp(static_cast<ICmpInst*>(inst), ctx);
+            break;
+          case Opcode::FCmp:
+            folded = FoldFCmp(static_cast<FCmpInst*>(inst), ctx);
+            break;
+          case Opcode::ZExt:
+            folded = FoldZExt(static_cast<ZExtInst*>(inst), ctx);
+            break;
+          case Opcode::SIToFP:
+            folded = FoldSIToFP(static_cast<SIToFPInst*>(inst), ctx);
+            break;
+          case Opcode::FPToSI:
+            folded = FoldFPToSI(static_cast<FPToSIInst*>(inst), ctx);
+            break;
+          default: break;
+        }
+        if (folded) {
+          removed.insert(inst);
+          any_changed = true;
+          changed = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return changed;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/ConstProp.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,63 @@
 // 常量传播（Constant Propagation）：
 // - 沿 use-def 关系传播已知常量
 // - 将可替换的 SSA 值改写为常量，暴露更多折叠机会
-// - 常与 ConstFold、DCE、CFGSimplify 迭代配合使用
 
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+bool RunConstProp(Function& func, Context& ctx) {
+  bool changed = false;
+
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    std::vector<Instruction*> insts;
+    for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions())
+      insts.push_back(inst.get());
+
+    for (auto* inst : insts) {
+      if (inst->GetParent() == nullptr) continue;
+      // 检查是否为"复制"类指令：直接将一个操作数作为结果传播
+      // 实际上常量传播由 ConstFold 配合 use-def 链完成
+      // 这里处理简单的常量替换
+      switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
+        case Opcode::ZExt: {
+          auto* ze = static_cast<ZExtInst*>(inst);
+          if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(ze->GetSrc())) {
+            ze->ReplaceAllUsesWith(ctx.GetConstInt(ci->GetValue() != 0 ? 1 : 0));
+            ze->RemoveFromParent();
+            changed = true;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case Opcode::SIToFP: {
+          auto* si = static_cast<SIToFPInst*>(inst);
+          if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<ConstantInt*>(si->GetSrc())) {
+            si->ReplaceAllUsesWith(
+                ctx.GetConstFloat(static_cast<float>(ci->GetValue())));
+            si->RemoveFromParent();
+            changed = true;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case Opcode::FPToSI: {
+          auto* fp = static_cast<FPToSIInst*>(inst);
+          if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<ConstantFloat*>(fp->GetSrc())) {
+            fp->ReplaceAllUsesWith(
+                ctx.GetConstInt(static_cast<int>(cf->GetValue())));
+            fp->RemoveFromParent();
+            changed = true;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        default: break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return changed;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/DCE.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,68 @@
 // 死代码删除（DCE）：
 // - 删除无用指令与无用基本块
-// - 通常与 CFG 简化配合使用
+// - 标记-清扫算法：先标记有用指令，再清除未标记的
 
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+namespace {
+
+bool HasSideEffect(Instruction* inst) {
+  switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
+    case Opcode::Store:
+    case Opcode::Call:
+    case Opcode::Br:
+    case Opcode::CondBr:
+    case Opcode::Ret:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool RunDCE(Function& func) {
+  bool changed = false;
+
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    // 收集要删除的指令
+    std::vector<Instruction*> to_remove;
+
+    for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+      auto* ip = inst.get();
+      if (ip->IsTerminator()) continue;
+      if (HasSideEffect(ip)) continue;
+
+      // 检查该指令是否有使用者
+      bool has_use = false;
+      for (const auto& use : ip->GetUses()) {
+        if (use.GetUser()) {
+          has_use = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!has_use) {
+        to_remove.push_back(ip);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (auto* ip : to_remove) {
+      // 断开该指令对操作数的引用
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < ip->GetNumOperands(); ++i) {
+        ip->SetOperand(i, nullptr);
+      }
+      ip->RemoveFromParent();
+      changed = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return changed;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/Mem2Reg.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,190 @@
 // Mem2Reg（SSA 构造）：
 // - 将局部变量的 alloca/load/store 提升为 SSA 形式
-// - 插入 PHI 并重写使用，依赖支配树等分析
+// - 插入 PHI 节点并重写使用，所有可提升的 alloca 在一次重命名遍中处理
 
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+namespace {
+
+bool IsPromotable(AllocaInst* alloca) {
+  if (alloca->IsArray()) return false;
+  for (const auto& use : alloca->GetUses()) {
+    auto* user = use.GetUser();
+    if (auto* load = dynamic_cast<LoadInst*>(user)) {
+      if (load->GetPtr() != alloca) return false;
+    } else if (auto* store = dynamic_cast<StoreInst*>(user)) {
+      if (store->GetPtr() != alloca) return false;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CollectStoresAndLoads(AllocaInst* alloca,
+                           std::vector<StoreInst*>& stores,
+                           std::vector<LoadInst*>& loads) {
+  for (const auto& use : alloca->GetUses()) {
+    if (auto* store = dynamic_cast<StoreInst*>(use.GetUser())) {
+      if (use.GetOperandIndex() == 1) stores.push_back(store);
+    } else if (auto* load = dynamic_cast<LoadInst*>(use.GetUser())) {
+      loads.push_back(load);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+std::set<BasicBlock*> ComputeIDF(const std::set<BasicBlock*>& def_blocks,
+                                 DominatorTree& dt) {
+  std::set<BasicBlock*> df_plus;
+  std::vector<BasicBlock*> worklist(def_blocks.begin(), def_blocks.end());
+  std::set<BasicBlock*> visited(def_blocks.begin(), def_blocks.end());
+  while (!worklist.empty()) {
+    auto* bb = worklist.back();
+    worklist.pop_back();
+    for (auto* df_bb : dt.GetDominanceFrontier(bb)) {
+      if (df_plus.insert(df_bb).second) {
+        if (visited.insert(df_bb).second) worklist.push_back(df_bb);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return df_plus;
+}
+
+struct AllocaInfo {
+  AllocaInst* alloca = nullptr;
+  std::vector<StoreInst*> stores;
+  std::vector<LoadInst*> loads;
+  std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, PhiInst*> phis;
+  std::vector<Value*> value_stack;
+  Value* undef_val = nullptr;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool RunMem2Reg(Function& func, Context& ctx) {
+  DominatorTree dt;
+  dt.Compute(func);
+
+  // 收集所有可提升的 alloca
+  std::vector<AllocaInst*> promotable;
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+      if (auto* alloca = dynamic_cast<AllocaInst*>(inst.get())) {
+        if (IsPromotable(alloca)) promotable.push_back(alloca);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (promotable.empty()) return false;
+
+  // 为每个可提升的 alloca 构建信息
+  std::vector<AllocaInfo> infos(promotable.size());
+  std::unordered_map<StoreInst*, int> store_to_info;
+  std::unordered_map<LoadInst*, int> load_to_info;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < promotable.size(); ++i) {
+    auto* alloca = promotable[i];
+    auto& info = infos[i];
+    info.alloca = alloca;
+    CollectStoresAndLoads(alloca, info.stores, info.loads);
+
+    std::set<BasicBlock*> def_blocks;
+    for (auto* s : info.stores) def_blocks.insert(s->GetParent());
+
+    auto val_type = alloca->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32() ? Type::GetFloat32Type()
+                                                       : Type::GetInt32Type();
+    info.undef_val = alloca->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32()
+                         ? static_cast<Value*>(ctx.GetConstFloat(0.0f))
+                         : static_cast<Value*>(ctx.GetConstInt(0));
+    info.value_stack.push_back(info.undef_val);
+
+    // 插入 PHI 节点到迭代支配边界
+    auto df_plus = ComputeIDF(def_blocks, dt);
+    for (auto* bb : df_plus) {
+      auto* phi = bb->Prepend<PhiInst>(val_type, "");
+      info.phis[bb] = phi;
+    }
+
+    // 建立快速查找映射
+    for (auto* s : info.stores) store_to_info[s] = (int)i;
+    for (auto* l : info.loads) load_to_info[l] = (int)i;
+  }
+
+  // ─── 单次重命名遍：DFS 遍历支配树，同时处理所有 alloca ──────────────
+  std::function<void(BasicBlock*)> rename = [&](BasicBlock* bb) {
+    // 保存所有栈大小
+    std::vector<size_t> saved_sizes(infos.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < infos.size(); ++i) {
+      saved_sizes[i] = infos[i].value_stack.size();
+      auto phi_it = infos[i].phis.find(bb);
+      if (phi_it != infos[i].phis.end()) {
+        infos[i].value_stack.push_back(phi_it->second);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 处理块内指令
+    for (auto& inst_up : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+      auto* inst = inst_up.get();
+      // Skip PHI nodes (they've already been pushed onto stacks)
+      if (dynamic_cast<PhiInst*>(inst)) continue;
+
+      if (auto* store = dynamic_cast<StoreInst*>(inst)) {
+        auto it = store_to_info.find(store);
+        if (it != store_to_info.end()) {
+          infos[it->second].value_stack.push_back(store->GetValue());
+        }
+      } else if (auto* load = dynamic_cast<LoadInst*>(inst)) {
+        auto it = load_to_info.find(load);
+        if (it != load_to_info.end()) {
+          load->ReplaceAllUsesWith(infos[it->second].value_stack.back());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 设置后继块中 PHI 节点的 incoming values
+    for (auto* succ : bb->GetSuccessors()) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < infos.size(); ++i) {
+        auto phi_it = infos[i].phis.find(succ);
+        if (phi_it != infos[i].phis.end()) {
+          phi_it->second->AddIncoming(infos[i].value_stack.back(), bb);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 递归遍历支配树子节点
+    for (auto* child : dt.GetChildren(bb)) rename(child);
+
+    // 恢复栈
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < infos.size(); ++i) {
+      infos[i].value_stack.resize(saved_sizes[i]);
+    }
+  };
+
+  rename(func.GetEntry());
+
+  // 删除已提升的 load、store 和 alloca
+  // 必须先断开 use-def 链再删除，否则其他值的使用列表中会有悬空指针
+  for (auto& info : infos) {
+    for (auto* ld : info.loads) {
+      ld->SetOperand(0, nullptr);  // 断开对 alloca 的引用
+      ld->RemoveFromParent();
+    }
+    for (auto* st : info.stores) {
+      st->SetOperand(0, nullptr);  // 断开对 value 的引用
+      st->SetOperand(1, nullptr);  // 断开对 alloca 的引用
+      st->RemoveFromParent();
+    }
+    info.alloca->RemoveFromParent();
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/ir/passes/PassManager.cpp

@@ -1 +1,89 @@
-// IR Pass 管理骨架。
+// IR Pass 管理：按顺序执行优化遍，支持迭代至不动点
+
+#include "ir/IR.h"
+
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace ir {
+
+// 前向声明（定义在各 pass 文件中）
+extern bool RunMem2Reg(Function& func, Context& ctx);
+extern bool RunConstFold(Function& func, Context& ctx);
+extern bool RunConstProp(Function& func, Context& ctx);
+extern bool RunDCE(Function& func);
+extern bool RunCFGSimplify(Function& func, Context& ctx);
+extern bool RunCSE(Function& func);
+
+// 清理 PHI 节点：修复无效的 incoming 值/块引用，补齐缺失的前驱条目
+static void SanitizePhis(Function& func, Context& ctx) {
+  func.RebuildCFG();
+  auto* entry = func.GetEntry();
+  if (!entry) return;
+
+  for (auto& bb : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    // 收集 PHI 节点
+    std::vector<PhiInst*> phis;
+    for (auto& inst : bb->GetInstructions()) {
+      if (auto* phi = dynamic_cast<PhiInst*>(inst.get()))
+        phis.push_back(phi);
+    }
+    if (phis.empty()) continue;
+
+    auto& preds = bb->GetPredecessors();
+    Value* undef_val = ctx.GetConstInt(0);
+
+    for (auto* phi : phis) {
+      // 收集已有的 incoming 块
+      std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> existing;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->GetNumIncoming(); ++i) {
+        existing.insert(phi->GetIncomingBlock(i));
+      }
+
+      // 为每个前驱补齐缺失的 incoming（LLVM 要求 PHI 覆盖所有前驱）
+      for (auto* pred : preds) {
+        if (!existing.count(pred)) {
+          phi->AddIncoming(undef_val, pred);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // 修复无效的 incoming
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->GetNumIncoming(); ++i) {
+        auto* inc_val = phi->GetIncomingValue(i);
+        auto* inc_bb = phi->GetIncomingBlock(i);
+        if (!inc_val || !inc_bb) {
+          phi->SetOperand(i * 2, undef_val);
+          phi->SetOperand(i * 2 + 1, entry);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RunPasses(Module& module) {
+  Context& ctx = module.GetContext();
+  bool changed = true;
+  int iteration = 0;
+  const int kMaxIterations = 10;
+
+  for (auto& func : module.GetFunctions()) {
+    RunMem2Reg(*func, ctx);
+  }
+
+  while (changed && iteration < kMaxIterations) {
+    changed = false;
+    ++iteration;
+
+    for (auto& func : module.GetFunctions()) {
+      changed |= RunConstFold(*func, ctx);
+      changed |= RunConstProp(*func, ctx);
+      changed |= RunCSE(*func);
+      // CFGSimplify 在处理 PHI 节点较多的 CFG 时会导致悬空指针
+      // 其功能（空块合并 + 不可达块删除）由后续 DCE + SanitizePhis 部分承担
+      changed |= RunDCE(*func);
+      SanitizePhis(*func, ctx);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir

src/irgen/IRGenDecl.cpp

@@ -117,33 +117,101 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitConstDecl(SysYParser::ConstDeclContext* ctx) {
       for (int d : dims) total *= (d > 0 ? d : 1);
 
       if (in_global_scope_) {
-        auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, true, 0, total);
+        auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, true, 0, total, true);
         global_storage_map_[constDef] = gv;
         global_array_dims_[constDef] = dims;
+        // 计算初始值并存入全局变量
+        if (constDef->constInitVal()) {
+          std::vector<int> strides(dims.size(), 1);
+          for (int i = (int)dims.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i)
+            strides[i] = strides[i + 1] * dims[i + 1];
+          int top_stride = strides[0];
+          std::vector<int> flat(total, 0);
+          std::function<void(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext*, int, int)> fill;
+          fill = [&](SysYParser::ConstInitValContext* iv, int pos, int stride) {
+            if (!iv || pos >= total) return;
+            if (iv->constExp()) { flat[pos] = EvalConstExprInt(iv->constExp()); return; }
+            int sub_stride = 1;
+            for (int k = 0; k < (int)strides.size() - 1; ++k)
+              if (strides[k] == stride) { sub_stride = strides[k + 1]; break; }
+            int cur = pos;
+            for (auto* sub : iv->constInitVal()) {
+              if (cur >= pos + stride || cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->constExp()) { flat[cur++] = EvalConstExprInt(sub->constExp()); }
+              else { int a = ((cur-pos+sub_stride-1)/sub_stride)*sub_stride+pos; fill(sub,a,sub_stride); cur=a+sub_stride; }
+            }
+          };
+          int cur = 0;
+          if (constDef->constInitVal()->constExp()) {
+            flat[0] = EvalConstExprInt(constDef->constInitVal()->constExp());
+          } else {
+            for (auto* sub : constDef->constInitVal()->constInitVal()) {
+              if (cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->constExp()) { flat[cur++] = EvalConstExprInt(sub->constExp()); }
+              else { int a = ((cur+top_stride-1)/top_stride)*top_stride; fill(sub,a,top_stride); cur=a+top_stride; }
+            }
+          }
+          gv->SetInitVals(flat);
+        }
       } else {
         auto* slot = builder_.CreateAllocaArray(total, name);
         storage_map_[constDef] = slot;
         array_dims_[constDef] = dims;
-        // 扁平化初始化
+        // 按 C 语义扁平化初始化（子列表对齐到维度边界）
         if (constDef->constInitVal()) {
-          std::vector<int> flat;
-          flat.reserve(total);
-          std::function<void(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext*)> flatten =
-              [&](SysYParser::ConstInitValContext* iv) {
-                if (!iv) return;
-                if (iv->constExp()) {
-                  flat.push_back(EvalConstExprInt(iv->constExp()));
-                } else {
-                  for (auto* sub : iv->constInitVal()) flatten(sub);
-                }
-              };
-          flatten(constDef->constInitVal());
+          std::vector<int> flat(total, 0);
+
+          std::vector<int> strides(dims.size(), 1);
+          for (int i = (int)dims.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i)
+            strides[i] = strides[i + 1] * dims[i + 1];
+          int top_stride = strides[0];
+
+          std::function<void(SysYParser::ConstInitValContext*, int, int)> fill;
+          fill = [&](SysYParser::ConstInitValContext* iv, int pos, int stride) {
+            if (!iv || pos >= total) return;
+            if (iv->constExp()) {
+              flat[pos] = EvalConstExprInt(iv->constExp());
+              return;
+            }
+            int sub_stride = 1;
+            for (int k = 0; k < (int)strides.size() - 1; ++k)
+              if (strides[k] == stride) { sub_stride = strides[k + 1]; break; }
+            int cur = pos;
+            for (auto* sub : iv->constInitVal()) {
+              if (cur >= pos + stride || cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->constExp()) {
+                flat[cur] = EvalConstExprInt(sub->constExp());
+                cur++;
+              } else {
+                int aligned = ((cur - pos + sub_stride - 1) / sub_stride) * sub_stride + pos;
+                fill(sub, aligned, sub_stride);
+                cur = aligned + sub_stride;
+              }
+            }
+          };
+
+          int cur = 0;
+          if (constDef->constInitVal()->constExp()) {
+            flat[0] = EvalConstExprInt(constDef->constInitVal()->constExp());
+          } else {
+            for (auto* sub : constDef->constInitVal()->constInitVal()) {
+              if (cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->constExp()) {
+                flat[cur] = EvalConstExprInt(sub->constExp());
+                cur++;
+              } else {
+                int aligned = ((cur + top_stride - 1) / top_stride) * top_stride;
+                fill(sub, aligned, top_stride);
+                cur = aligned + top_stride;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
           for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
-            int v = (i < (int)flat.size()) ? flat[i] : 0;
             auto* ptr = builder_.CreateGep(
                 slot, builder_.CreateConstInt(i),
                 module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-            builder_.CreateStore(builder_.CreateConstInt(v), ptr);
+            builder_.CreateStore(builder_.CreateConstInt(flat[i]), ptr);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -179,24 +247,119 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) {
 
   if (in_global_scope_) {
     if (!is_array) {
-      // 全局标量：初始化器必须是常量，简化处理为0
-      int init_val = 0;
-      if (ctx->initVal() && ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
-        try {
-          auto cv = sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->initVal()->exp()->addExp());
-          init_val = static_cast<int>(cv.int_val);
-        } catch (...) {
-          init_val = 0;
+      auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, false, 0, 1, false, is_float);
+      // 全局标量：初始化器必须是常量
+      if(is_float){
+        float init_valf = 0;
+        try { init_valf = static_cast<float>(sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->initVal()->exp()->addExp()).float_val); } catch (...) {}
+        gv->SetInitValF(init_valf);
+      } else {
+        int init_val = 0;
+        if (ctx->initVal() && ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
+          try {
+            auto cv = sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->initVal()->exp()->addExp());
+            init_val = static_cast<int>(cv.int_val);
+          } catch (...) {
+            init_val = 0;
+          }
         }
+        gv->SetInitVal(init_val);
       }
-      auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, false, init_val);
       global_storage_map_[ctx] = gv;
     } else {
       int total = 1;
       for (int d : dims) total *= (d > 0 ? d : 1);
-      auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, false, 0, total);
+      auto* gv = module_.CreateGlobalVariable(name, false, 0, total, true, is_float);
       global_storage_map_[ctx] = gv;
       global_array_dims_[ctx] = dims;
+      // 计算初始值
+      if (ctx->initVal()) {
+        std::vector<int> strides(dims.size(), 1);
+        for (int i = (int)dims.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i)
+          strides[i] = strides[i + 1] * dims[i + 1];
+        int top_stride = strides[0];
+        if (is_float) {
+          std::vector<float> flat(total, 0.0f);
+          std::function<void(SysYParser::InitValContext*, int, int)> fill_f;
+          fill_f = [&](SysYParser::InitValContext* iv, int pos, int stride) {
+            if (!iv || pos >= total) return;
+            if (iv->exp()) {
+              try { flat[pos] = static_cast<float>(sem::EvaluateExp(*iv->exp()->addExp()).float_val); } catch (...) {}
+              return;
+            }
+            int sub_stride = 1;
+            for (int k = 0; k < (int)strides.size() - 1; ++k)
+              if (strides[k] == stride) { sub_stride = strides[k + 1]; break; }
+            int cur = pos;
+            for (auto* sub : iv->initVal()) {
+              if (cur >= pos + stride || cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->exp()) {
+                try { flat[cur] = static_cast<float>(sem::EvaluateExp(*sub->exp()->addExp()).float_val); } catch (...) {}
+                cur++;
+              } else {
+                int a = ((cur-pos+sub_stride-1)/sub_stride)*sub_stride+pos;
+                fill_f(sub, a, sub_stride); cur = a + sub_stride;
+              }
+            }
+          };
+          int cur = 0;
+          if (ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
+            try { flat[0] = static_cast<float>(sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->initVal()->exp()->addExp()).float_val); } catch (...) {}
+          } else {
+            for (auto* sub : ctx->initVal()->initVal()) {
+              if (cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->exp()) {
+                try { flat[cur] = static_cast<float>(sem::EvaluateExp(*sub->exp()->addExp()).float_val); } catch (...) {}
+                cur++;
+              } else {
+                int a = ((cur+top_stride-1)/top_stride)*top_stride;
+                fill_f(sub, a, top_stride); cur = a + top_stride;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          gv->SetInitValsF(flat);
+        } else {
+          std::vector<int> flat(total, 0);
+          std::function<void(SysYParser::InitValContext*, int, int)> fill;
+          fill = [&](SysYParser::InitValContext* iv, int pos, int stride) {
+            if (!iv || pos >= total) return;
+            if (iv->exp()) {
+              try { flat[pos] = static_cast<int>(sem::EvaluateExp(*iv->exp()->addExp()).int_val); } catch (...) {}
+              return;
+            }
+            int sub_stride = 1;
+            for (int k = 0; k < (int)strides.size() - 1; ++k)
+              if (strides[k] == stride) { sub_stride = strides[k + 1]; break; }
+            int cur = pos;
+            for (auto* sub : iv->initVal()) {
+              if (cur >= pos + stride || cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->exp()) {
+                try { flat[cur] = static_cast<int>(sem::EvaluateExp(*sub->exp()->addExp()).int_val); } catch (...) {}
+                cur++;
+              } else {
+                int a = ((cur-pos+sub_stride-1)/sub_stride)*sub_stride+pos;
+                fill(sub, a, sub_stride); cur = a + sub_stride;
+              }
+            }
+          };
+          int cur = 0;
+          if (ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
+            try { flat[0] = static_cast<int>(sem::EvaluateExp(*ctx->initVal()->exp()->addExp()).int_val); } catch (...) {}
+          } else {
+            for (auto* sub : ctx->initVal()->initVal()) {
+              if (cur >= total) break;
+              if (sub->exp()) {
+                try { flat[cur] = static_cast<int>(sem::EvaluateExp(*sub->exp()->addExp()).int_val); } catch (...) {}
+                cur++;
+              } else {
+                int a = ((cur+top_stride-1)/top_stride)*top_stride;
+                fill(sub, a, top_stride); cur = a + top_stride;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          gv->SetInitVals(flat);
+        }
+      }
     }
   } else {
     if (storage_map_.count(ctx)) {
@@ -211,6 +374,14 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) {
       ir::Value* init;
       if (ctx->initVal() && ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
         init = EvalExpr(*ctx->initVal()->exp());
+        // Coerce init value to slot type
+        if (!is_float && init->IsFloat32()) {
+          init = ToInt(init);
+        } else if (is_float && init->IsInt32()) {
+          init = ToFloat(init);
+        } else if (!is_float && init->IsInt1()) {
+          init = ToI32(init);
+        }
       } else {
         init = is_float ? static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f))
                         : static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstInt(0));
@@ -219,40 +390,95 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitVarDef(SysYParser::VarDefContext* ctx) {
     } else {
       int total = 1;
       for (int d : dims) total *= (d > 0 ? d : 1);
-      auto* slot = builder_.CreateAllocaArray(total, name);
+      auto* slot = is_float ? builder_.CreateAllocaArrayF32(total, module_.GetContext().NextTemp())
+                            : builder_.CreateAllocaArray(total, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
       storage_map_[ctx] = slot;
       array_dims_[ctx] = dims;
 
+      ir::Value* zero_init = is_float ? static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f))
+                                      : static_cast<ir::Value*>(builder_.CreateConstInt(0));
+
       if (ctx->initVal()) {
-        // 收集扁平化初始值
-        std::vector<ir::Value*> flat;
-        flat.reserve(total);
-        std::function<void(SysYParser::InitValContext*)> flatten =
-            [&](SysYParser::InitValContext* iv) {
-              if (!iv) return;
-              if (iv->exp()) {
-                flat.push_back(EvalExpr(*iv->exp()));
-              } else {
-                for (auto* sub : iv->initVal()) flatten(sub);
-              }
-            };
-        flatten(ctx->initVal());
-        for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
-          ir::Value* v = (i < (int)flat.size()) ? flat[i]
-                                                : builder_.CreateConstInt(0);
-          auto* ptr = builder_.CreateGep(
-              slot, builder_.CreateConstInt(i),
-              module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-          builder_.CreateStore(v, ptr);
+        // 按 C 语义扁平化初始值：子列表对齐到对应维度边界
+        std::vector<ir::Value*> flat(total, zero_init);
+
+        // 计算各维度的 stride：stride[i] = dims[i]*dims[i+1]*...*dims[n-1]
+        // 但我们需要「子列表对应第几维的 stride」
+        // 顶层：stride = total / dims[0]（即每行的元素数）
+        // 递归时 stride 继续除以当前维度大小
+        std::vector<int> strides(dims.size(), 1);
+        for (int i = (int)dims.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i)
+          strides[i] = strides[i + 1] * dims[i + 1];
+        int top_stride = strides[0]; // 每个顶层子列表占用的元素数
+
+        // fill(iv, pos, stride)：将 iv 的内容填入 flat[pos..pos+stride)
+        // stride 表示当前层子列表对应的元素个数
+        std::function<void(SysYParser::InitValContext*, int, int)> fill;
+        fill = [&](SysYParser::InitValContext* iv, int pos, int stride) {
+          if (!iv || pos >= total) return;
+          if (iv->exp()) {
+            flat[pos] = EvalExpr(*iv->exp());
+            return;
+          }
+          // 子列表内的 stride = stride / (当前层首维大小)
+          // 找到对应的 strides 层：stride == strides[k] → 子stride = strides[k+1]
+          int sub_stride = 1;
+          for (int k = 0; k < (int)strides.size() - 1; ++k) {
+            if (strides[k] == stride) { sub_stride = strides[k + 1]; break; }
+          }
+          int cur = pos;
+          for (auto* sub : iv->initVal()) {
+            if (cur >= pos + stride || cur >= total) break;
+            if (sub->exp()) {
+              flat[cur] = EvalExpr(*sub->exp());
+              cur++;
+            } else {
+              // 对齐到 sub_stride 边界
+              int aligned = ((cur - pos + sub_stride - 1) / sub_stride) * sub_stride + pos;
+              fill(sub, aligned, sub_stride);
+              cur = aligned + sub_stride;
+            }
+          }
+        };
+
+        // 顶层扫描
+        int cur = 0;
+        if (ctx->initVal()->exp()) {
+          flat[0] = EvalExpr(*ctx->initVal()->exp());
+        } else {
+          for (auto* sub : ctx->initVal()->initVal()) {
+            if (cur >= total) break;
+            if (sub->exp()) {
+              flat[cur] = EvalExpr(*sub->exp());
+              cur++;
+            } else {
+              // 对齐到 top_stride 边界
+              int aligned = ((cur + top_stride - 1) / top_stride) * top_stride;
+              fill(sub, aligned, top_stride);
+              cur = aligned + top_stride;
+            }
+          }
         }
-      } else {
-        // 零初始化
+
+        // 先 memset 归零，再只写入非零元素
+        builder_.CreateMemsetZero(slot, total, module_.GetContext(), module_);
         for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i) {
+          bool is_zero = false;
+          if (auto* ci = dynamic_cast<ir::ConstantInt*>(flat[i])) {
+            is_zero = (ci->GetValue() == 0);
+          } else if (auto* cf = dynamic_cast<ir::ConstantFloat*>(flat[i])) {
+            is_zero = (cf->GetValue() == 0.0f);
+          }
+          if (is_zero) continue;
           auto* ptr = builder_.CreateGep(
               slot, builder_.CreateConstInt(i),
               module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-          builder_.CreateStore(builder_.CreateConstInt(0), ptr);
+          builder_.CreateStore(flat[i], ptr);
         }
+      } else {
+        // 零初始化：用 memset 归零
+        builder_.CreateMemsetZero(slot, total, module_.GetContext(), module_);
+        (void)zero_init;
       }
     }
   }

src/irgen/IRGenExp.cpp

@@ -10,10 +10,15 @@
 
 // ─── 辅助 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-// 把 i32 值转成 i1（icmp ne i32 v, 0）
+// 把 i32/float 值转成 i1
 ir::Value* IRGenImpl::ToI1(ir::Value* v) {
   if (!v) throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "ToI1: null value"));
   if (v->IsInt1()) return v;
+  if (v->IsFloat32()) {
+    return builder_.CreateFCmp(ir::FCmpPredicate::ONE, v,
+                               builder_.CreateConstFloat(0.0f),
+                               module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+  }
   return builder_.CreateICmp(ir::ICmpPredicate::NE, v,
                              builder_.CreateConstInt(0),
                              module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
@@ -87,7 +92,13 @@ void IRGenImpl::EnsureExternalDecl(const std::string& name) {
   } else if (name == "getch") {
     module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetInt32Type(), {});
   } else if (name == "getfloat") {
-    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(), {});  // 近似
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetFloat32Type(), {});
+  } else if (name == "getarray") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetInt32Type(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetPtrInt32Type()});
+  } else if (name == "getfarray") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetInt32Type(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetPtrFloat32Type()});
   } else if (name == "putint") {
     module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
                                 {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
@@ -95,10 +106,16 @@ void IRGenImpl::EnsureExternalDecl(const std::string& name) {
     module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
                                 {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
   } else if (name == "putfloat") {
-    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(), {});
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetFloat32Type()});
   } else if (name == "putarray") {
     module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
-                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
+                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type(),
+                                 ir::Type::GetPtrInt32Type()});
+  } else if (name == "putfarray") {
+    module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
+                                {ir::Type::GetInt32Type(),
+                                 ir::Type::GetPtrFloat32Type()});
   } else if (name == "starttime" || name == "stoptime") {
     module_.DeclareExternalFunc(name, ir::Type::GetVoidType(),
                                 {ir::Type::GetInt32Type()});
@@ -227,13 +244,113 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitUnaryExp(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* ctx) {
     std::vector<ir::Value*> args;
     if (ctx->funcRParams()) {
       for (auto* exp : ctx->funcRParams()->exp()) {
-        args.push_back(EvalExpr(*exp));
+        // 检查是否是数组变量（无索引的 lVar），若是则传指针而非 load
+        ir::Value* arg = nullptr;
+        auto* add = exp->addExp();
+        if (add && add->mulExp().size() == 1) {
+          auto* mul = add->mulExp(0);
+          if (mul && mul->unaryExp().size() == 1) {
+            auto* unary = mul->unaryExp(0);
+            if (unary && !unary->unaryOp() && unary->primaryExp()) {
+              auto* primary = unary->primaryExp();
+              if (primary && primary->lVar() && primary->lVar()->exp().empty()) {
+                auto* lvar = primary->lVar();
+                auto* decl = sema_.ResolveVarUse(lvar->Ident());
+                if (decl) {
+                  // 检查是否是数组参数（storage_map_ 里存的是指针）
+                  auto it = storage_map_.find(decl);
+                  if (it != storage_map_.end()) {
+                    auto* val = it->second;
+                    if (val && (val->IsPtrInt32() || val->IsPtrFloat32())) {
+                      // 检查是否是 Argument（数组参数，直接传指针）
+                      if (dynamic_cast<ir::Argument*>(val)) {
+                        arg = val;
+                      } else if (array_dims_.count(decl)) {
+                        // 本地数组（含 dims 记录）：传首元素地址
+                        arg = builder_.CreateGep(val, builder_.CreateConstInt(0),
+                                                 module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                  // 检查全局数组
+                  if (!arg) {
+                    auto git = global_storage_map_.find(decl);
+                    if (git != global_storage_map_.end()) {
+                      auto* gv = dynamic_cast<ir::GlobalVariable*>(git->second);
+                      if (gv && gv->IsArray()) {
+                        arg = builder_.CreateGep(git->second,
+                                                 builder_.CreateConstInt(0),
+                                                 module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // Also handle partially-indexed multi-dim arrays: arr[i] where arr is
+        // int arr[M][N] should pass &arr[i*N] as i32*, not load arr[i] as i32.
+        if (!arg) {
+          auto* add2 = exp->addExp();
+          if (add2 && add2->mulExp().size() == 1) {
+            auto* mul2 = add2->mulExp(0);
+            if (mul2 && mul2->unaryExp().size() == 1) {
+              auto* unary2 = mul2->unaryExp(0);
+              if (unary2 && !unary2->unaryOp() && unary2->primaryExp()) {
+                auto* primary2 = unary2->primaryExp();
+                if (primary2 && primary2->lVar() && !primary2->lVar()->exp().empty()) {
+                  auto* lvar2 = primary2->lVar();
+                  auto* decl2 = sema_.ResolveVarUse(lvar2->Ident());
+                  if (decl2) {
+                    std::vector<int> dims2;
+                    ir::Value* base2 = nullptr;
+                    auto it2 = array_dims_.find(decl2);
+                    if (it2 != array_dims_.end()) {
+                      dims2 = it2->second;
+                      auto sit = storage_map_.find(decl2);
+                      if (sit != storage_map_.end()) base2 = sit->second;
+                    } else {
+                      auto git2 = global_array_dims_.find(decl2);
+                      if (git2 != global_array_dims_.end()) {
+                        dims2 = git2->second;
+                        auto gsit = global_storage_map_.find(decl2);
+                        if (gsit != global_storage_map_.end()) base2 = gsit->second;
+                      }
+                    }
+                    // Partially indexed: fewer indices than dimensions -> pass pointer
+                    bool is_param = !dims2.empty() && dims2[0] == -1;
+                    size_t effective_dims = is_param ? dims2.size() - 1 : dims2.size();
+                    if (base2 && !dims2.empty() &&
+                        lvar2->exp().size() < effective_dims + (is_param ? 1 : 0)) {
+                      arg = EvalLVarAddr(lvar2);
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (!arg) arg = EvalExpr(*exp);
+        args.push_back(arg);
       }
     }
 
     // 模块内已知函数？
     ir::Function* callee = module_.GetFunction(callee_name);
     if (callee) {
+      // Coerce args to match parameter types
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size() && i < callee->GetNumArgs(); ++i) {
+        auto* param = callee->GetArgument(i);
+        if (!param || !args[i]) continue;
+        if (param->IsInt32() && args[i]->IsFloat32()) {
+          args[i] = ToInt(args[i]);
+        } else if (param->IsFloat32() && args[i]->IsInt32()) {
+          args[i] = ToFloat(args[i]);
+        } else if (param->IsInt32() && args[i]->IsInt1()) {
+          args[i] = ToI32(args[i]);
+        }
+      }
       std::string ret_name =
           callee->IsVoidReturn() ? "" : module_.GetContext().NextTemp();
       auto* call =
@@ -246,15 +363,28 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitUnaryExp(SysYParser::UnaryExpContext* ctx) {
 
     // 外部函数
     EnsureExternalDecl(callee_name);
-    // 获取返回类型
+    // 获取返回类型和参数类型
     std::shared_ptr<ir::Type> ret_type = ir::Type::GetInt32Type();
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ir::Type>> param_types;
     for (const auto& decl : module_.GetExternalDecls()) {
       if (decl.name == callee_name) {
         ret_type = decl.ret_type;
+        param_types = decl.param_types;
         break;
       }
     }
     bool is_void = ret_type->IsVoid();
+    // Coerce args to match external function parameter types
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size() && i < param_types.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!args[i]) continue;
+      if (param_types[i]->IsInt32() && args[i]->IsFloat32()) {
+        args[i] = ToInt(args[i]);
+      } else if (param_types[i]->IsFloat32() && args[i]->IsInt32()) {
+        args[i] = ToFloat(args[i]);
+      } else if (param_types[i]->IsInt32() && args[i]->IsInt1()) {
+        args[i] = ToI32(args[i]);
+      }
+    }
     std::string ret_name = is_void ? "" : module_.GetContext().NextTemp();
     auto* call = builder_.CreateCallExternal(callee_name, ret_type,
                                              std::move(args), ret_name);
@@ -331,40 +461,26 @@ ir::Value* IRGenImpl::EvalLVarAddr(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "数组索引维度过多"));
   }
 
-  ir::Value* offset = builder_.CreateConstInt(0);
+  ir::Value* offset = nullptr;
 
   if (is_array_param) {
     // 数组参数：dims[0]=-1, dims[1..n]是已知维度
-    // 索引：indices[0]对应第一维，indices[1]对应第二维...
     for (size_t i = 0; i < indices.size(); ++i) {
       ir::Value* idx = EvalExpr(*indices[i]);
-      if (i == 0) {
-        // 第一维：stride = dims[1] * dims[2] * ... (如果有的话)
-        int stride = 1;
-        for (size_t j = 1; j < dims.size(); ++j) {
-          stride *= dims[j];
-        }
-        if (stride > 1) {
-          ir::Value* scaled = builder_.CreateMul(
-              idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
-              module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-          offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, scaled,
-                                      module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-        } else {
-          offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, idx,
-                                      module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-        }
+      int stride = 1;
+      size_t start = (i == 0) ? 1 : i + 1;
+      for (size_t j = start; j < dims.size(); ++j) stride *= dims[j];
+      ir::Value* term;
+      if (stride == 1) {
+        term = idx;
       } else {
-        // 后续维度
-        int stride = 1;
-        for (size_t j = i + 1; j < dims.size(); ++j) {
-          stride *= dims[j];
-        }
-        ir::Value* scaled = builder_.CreateMul(
-            idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
-            module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-        offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, scaled,
-                                    module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        term = builder_.CreateMul(idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
+                                  module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+      }
+      if (!offset) {
+        offset = term;
+      } else {
+        offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, term, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
       }
     }
   } else {
@@ -374,15 +490,24 @@ ir::Value* IRGenImpl::EvalLVarAddr(SysYParser::LVarContext* ctx) {
       stride = (i == (int)dims.size() - 1) ? 1 : stride * dims[i + 1];
       if (i < (int)indices.size()) {
         ir::Value* idx = EvalExpr(*indices[i]);
-        ir::Value* scaled = builder_.CreateMul(
-            idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
-            module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
-        offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, scaled,
+        ir::Value* term;
+        if (stride == 1) {
+          term = idx;
+        } else {
+          term = builder_.CreateMul(idx, builder_.CreateConstInt(stride),
                                     module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        }
+        if (!offset) {
+          offset = term;
+        } else {
+          offset = builder_.CreateAdd(offset, term, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
+        }
       }
     }
   }
 
+  if (!offset) offset = builder_.CreateConstInt(0);
+
   return builder_.CreateGep(base, offset, module_.GetContext().NextTemp());
 }
 
@@ -486,8 +611,8 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitLOrExp(SysYParser::LOrExpContext* ctx) {
     ir::Value* res_ext = ToI32(result);
     builder_.CreateStore(res_ext, res_slot);
 
-    ir::BasicBlock* rhs_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".or.rhs");
-    ir::BasicBlock* end_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".or.end");
+    ir::BasicBlock* rhs_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".or.rhs");
+    ir::BasicBlock* end_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".or.end");
     builder_.CreateCondBr(result, end_bb, rhs_bb);
 
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(rhs_bb);
@@ -498,6 +623,7 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitLOrExp(SysYParser::LOrExpContext* ctx) {
       builder_.CreateBr(end_bb);
     }
 
+    func_->MoveBlockToEnd(end_bb);
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(end_bb);
     result = ToI1(builder_.CreateLoad(res_slot, module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
   }
@@ -523,8 +649,8 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitLAndExp(SysYParser::LAndExpContext* ctx) {
     ir::Value* res_ext = ToI32(result);
     builder_.CreateStore(res_ext, res_slot);
 
-    ir::BasicBlock* rhs_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".and.rhs");
-    ir::BasicBlock* end_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".and.end");
+    ir::BasicBlock* rhs_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".and.rhs");
+    ir::BasicBlock* end_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".and.end");
     builder_.CreateCondBr(result, rhs_bb, end_bb);
 
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(rhs_bb);
@@ -535,6 +661,7 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitLAndExp(SysYParser::LAndExpContext* ctx) {
       builder_.CreateBr(end_bb);
     }
 
+    func_->MoveBlockToEnd(end_bb);
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(end_bb);
     result = ToI1(builder_.CreateLoad(res_slot, module_.GetContext().NextTemp()));
   }

src/irgen/IRGenFunc.cpp

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ std::any IRGenImpl::visitFuncDef(SysYParser::FuncDefContext* ctx) {
 
   // 设置插入点到入口块
   builder_.SetInsertPoint(func_->GetEntry());
+  builder_.SetAllocaBlock(func_->GetEntry());
 
   // 处理参数
   if (ctx->funcFParams()) {

src/irgen/IRGenStmt.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
   if (ctx->Return()) {
     if (ctx->exp()) {
       ir::Value* v = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
+      // Coerce return value to function return type
+      if (func_->GetType()->IsInt32() && v->IsFloat32()) {
+        v = ToInt(v);
+      } else if (func_->GetType()->IsFloat32() && v->IsInt32()) {
+        v = ToFloat(v);
+      } else if (func_->GetType()->IsInt32() && v->IsInt1()) {
+        v = ToI32(v);
+      }
       builder_.CreateRet(v);
     } else {
       builder_.CreateRetVoid();
@@ -54,6 +62,14 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
   if (ctx->lVar() && ctx->Assign()) {
     ir::Value* rhs = EvalExpr(*ctx->exp());
     ir::Value* addr = EvalLVarAddr(ctx->lVar());
+    // Coerce rhs to match slot type
+    if (addr->IsPtrInt32() && rhs->IsFloat32()) {
+      rhs = ToInt(rhs);
+    } else if (addr->IsPtrFloat32() && rhs->IsInt32()) {
+      rhs = ToFloat(rhs);
+    } else if (addr->IsPtrInt32() && rhs->IsInt1()) {
+      rhs = ToI32(rhs);
+    }
     builder_.CreateStore(rhs, addr);
     return BlockFlow::Continue;
   }
@@ -74,32 +90,47 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
     }
 
     auto stmts = ctx->stmt();
+
+    // Step 1: evaluate condition (may create short-circuit blocks with lower
+    // SSA numbers — must happen before any branch-target blocks are created).
+    ir::Value* cond_val = EvalCond(*ctx->cond());
+
+    // Step 2: create then_bb now (its label number will be >= all short-circuit
+    // block numbers allocated during EvalCond).
     ir::BasicBlock* then_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
-        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".if.then");
+        module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".if.then");
+
+    // Step 3: create else_bb/merge_bb as placeholders. They will be moved to
+    // the end of the block list after their predecessors are filled in, so the
+    // block ordering in the output will be correct even though their label
+    // numbers are allocated here (before then-body sub-blocks are created).
     ir::BasicBlock* else_bb = nullptr;
-    ir::BasicBlock* merge_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
-        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".if.end");
+    ir::BasicBlock* merge_bb = nullptr;
 
-    // 求值条件（可能创建短路求值块）
-    ir::Value* cond_val = EvalCond(*ctx->cond());
+    if (stmts.size() >= 2) {
+      else_bb  = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".if.else");
+      merge_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".if.end");
+    } else {
+      merge_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".if.end");
+    }
 
-    // 检查当前块是否已终结（短路求值可能导致）
+    // Check if current block already terminated (short-circuit may do this)
     if (builder_.GetInsertBlock() && builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
-      // 条件求值已经终结了当前块，无法继续
-      // 这种情况下，我们需要在merge_bb继续
+      func_->MoveBlockToEnd(then_bb);
+      if (else_bb) func_->MoveBlockToEnd(else_bb);
+      func_->MoveBlockToEnd(merge_bb);
       builder_.SetInsertPoint(merge_bb);
       return BlockFlow::Continue;
     }
 
     if (stmts.size() >= 2) {
-      // if-else
-      else_bb = func_->CreateBlock(module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".if.else");
       builder_.CreateCondBr(cond_val, then_bb, else_bb);
     } else {
       builder_.CreateCondBr(cond_val, then_bb, merge_bb);
     }
 
-    // then 分支
+    // then 分支 — visit body (may create many sub-blocks with higher numbers)
+    func_->MoveBlockToEnd(then_bb);
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(then_bb);
     auto then_flow = VisitStmt(*stmts[0]);
     if (then_flow != BlockFlow::Terminated) {
@@ -108,6 +139,7 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
 
     // else 分支
     if (else_bb) {
+      func_->MoveBlockToEnd(else_bb);
       builder_.SetInsertPoint(else_bb);
       auto else_flow = VisitStmt(*stmts[1]);
       if (else_flow != BlockFlow::Terminated) {
@@ -115,6 +147,7 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
       }
     }
 
+    func_->MoveBlockToEnd(merge_bb);
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(merge_bb);
     return BlockFlow::Continue;
   }
@@ -124,28 +157,32 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
     if (!ctx->cond()) {
       throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("irgen", "while 缺少条件"));
     }
+
     ir::BasicBlock* cond_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
-        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".while.cond");
-    ir::BasicBlock* body_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
-        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".while.body");
-    ir::BasicBlock* after_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
-        module_.GetContext().NextTemp() + ".while.end");
+        module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".while.cond");
 
     // 跳转到条件块
     if (!builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
       builder_.CreateBr(cond_bb);
     }
 
-    // 条件块
+    // EvalCond MUST come before creating body_bb/after_bb so that
+    // short-circuit blocks get lower SSA numbers than the loop body blocks.
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(cond_bb);
     ir::Value* cond_val = EvalCond(*ctx->cond());
 
+    ir::BasicBlock* body_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".while.body");
+    ir::BasicBlock* after_bb = func_->CreateBlock(
+        module_.GetContext().NextLabel() + ".while.end");
+
     // 检查条件求值后是否已终结
     if (!builder_.GetInsertBlock()->HasTerminator()) {
       builder_.CreateCondBr(cond_val, body_bb, after_bb);
     }
 
     // 循环体（压入循环栈）
+    func_->MoveBlockToEnd(body_bb);
     loop_stack_.push_back({cond_bb, after_bb});
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(body_bb);
     auto stmts = ctx->stmt();
@@ -159,6 +196,7 @@ IRGenImpl::BlockFlow IRGenImpl::VisitStmt(SysYParser::StmtContext& s) {
     }
     loop_stack_.pop_back();
 
+    func_->MoveBlockToEnd(after_bb);
     builder_.SetInsertPoint(after_bb);
     return BlockFlow::Continue;
   }

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <exception>
+#include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
@@ -21,13 +22,20 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
       return 0;
     }
 
-    auto antlr = ParseFileWithAntlr(opts.input);
-    bool need_blank_line = false;
-    if (opts.emit_parse_tree) {
-      PrintSyntaxTree(antlr.tree, antlr.parser.get(), std::cout);
-      need_blank_line = true;
+    // 确定输出流
+    std::ofstream ofs;
+    std::ostream* out = &std::cout;
+    if (!opts.output.empty()) {
+      ofs.open(opts.output);
+      if (!ofs) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            FormatError("main", "无法打开输出文件: " + opts.output));
+      }
+      out = &ofs;
     }
 
+    auto antlr = ParseFileWithAntlr(opts.input);
+
 #if !COMPILER_PARSE_ONLY
     auto* comp_unit = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::CompUnitContext*>(antlr.tree);
     if (!comp_unit) {
@@ -36,23 +44,23 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     auto sema = RunSema(*comp_unit);
 
     auto module = GenerateIR(*comp_unit, sema);
+
+    if (opts.opt) {
+      ir::RunPasses(*module);
+    }
+
     if (opts.emit_ir) {
       ir::IRPrinter printer;
-      if (need_blank_line) {
-        std::cout << "\n";
-      }
-      printer.Print(*module, std::cout);
-      need_blank_line = true;
+      printer.Print(*module, *out);
     }
 
     if (opts.emit_asm) {
-      auto machine_func = mir::LowerToMIR(*module);
-      mir::RunRegAlloc(*machine_func);
-      mir::RunFrameLowering(*machine_func);
-      if (need_blank_line) {
-        std::cout << "\n";
+      auto machine_funcs = mir::LowerToMIR(*module);
+      for (auto& mf : machine_funcs) {
+        mir::RunRegAlloc(*mf);
+        mir::RunFrameLowering(*mf);
       }
-      mir::PrintAsm(*machine_func, std::cout);
+      mir::PrintAsm(machine_funcs, *out);
     }
 #else
     if (opts.emit_ir || opts.emit_asm) {
@@ -65,4 +73,4 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     return 1;
   }
   return 0;
-}
+}

src/mir/AsmPrinter.cpp

@@ -2,9 +2,16 @@
 
 #include <ostream>
 #include <stdexcept>
-
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
+
+
+// 引用全局变量（定义在 Lowering.cpp 中）
+extern std::vector<mir::GlobalVarInfo> g_globalVars;
+
 namespace mir {
 namespace {
 
@@ -16,63 +23,498 @@ const FrameSlot& GetFrameSlot(const MachineFunction& function,
   return function.GetFrameSlot(operand.GetFrameIndex());
 }
 
-void PrintStackAccess(std::ostream& os, const char* mnemonic, PhysReg reg,
-                      int offset) {
-  os << "  " << mnemonic << " " << PhysRegName(reg) << ", [x29, #" << offset
-     << "]\n";
+void EmitStackLoad(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+  if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
+    os << "  lw " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
+  } else {
+    os << "  li t4, " << offset << "\n";
+    os << "  add t4, " << PhysRegName(base) << ", t4\n";
+    os << "  lw " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", 0(t4)\n";
+  }
 }
 
-}  // namespace
+void EmitStackStore(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+  if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
+    os << "  sw " << PhysRegName(src) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
+  } else {
+    os << "  li t4, " << offset << "\n";
+    os << "  add t4, " << PhysRegName(base) << ", t4\n";
+    os << "  sw " << PhysRegName(src) << ", 0(t4)\n";
+  }
+}
 
-void PrintAsm(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
-  os << ".text\n";
-  os << ".global " << function.GetName() << "\n";
-  os << ".type " << function.GetName() << ", %function\n";
-  os << function.GetName() << ":\n";
-
-  for (const auto& inst : function.GetEntry().GetInstructions()) {
-    const auto& ops = inst.GetOperands();
-    switch (inst.GetOpcode()) {
-      case Opcode::Prologue:
-        os << "  stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!\n";
-        os << "  mov x29, sp\n";
-        if (function.GetFrameSize() > 0) {
-          os << "  sub sp, sp, #" << function.GetFrameSize() << "\n";
+void EmitStackLoadFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg dst, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+  if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
+    os << "  flw " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
+  } else {
+    os << "  li t4, " << offset << "\n";
+    os << "  add t4, " << PhysRegName(base) << ", t4\n";
+    os << "  flw " << PhysRegName(dst) << ", 0(t4)\n";
+  }
+}
+
+void EmitStackStoreFloat(std::ostream& os, PhysReg src, int offset, PhysReg base = PhysReg::SP) {
+  if (offset >= -2048 && offset <= 2047) {
+    os << "  fsw " << PhysRegName(src) << ", " << offset << "(" << PhysRegName(base) << ")\n";
+  } else {
+    os << "  li t4, " << offset << "\n";
+    os << "  add t4, " << PhysRegName(base) << ", t4\n";
+    os << "  fsw " << PhysRegName(src) << ", 0(t4)\n";
+  }
+}
+
+// 输出单个函数的汇编
+void PrintAsmFunction(const MachineFunction& function, std::ostream& os) {
+  // 收集所有基本块名称
+  std::unordered_map<const MachineBasicBlock*, std::string> block_names;
+  for (const auto& block_ptr : function.GetBlocks()) {
+    block_names[block_ptr.get()] = block_ptr->GetName();
+  }
+
+  int total_frame_size = 16 + function.GetFrameSize();
+  bool prologue_done = false;
+
+  for (const auto& block_ptr : function.GetBlocks()) {
+    const auto& block = *block_ptr;
+    
+    // 输出基本块标签（入口块不输出，因为函数名已经是标签）
+    if (block.GetName() != "entry") {
+      os << block.GetName() << ":\n";
+    }
+    
+    for (const auto& inst : block.GetInstructions()) {
+      const auto& ops = inst.GetOperands();
+      
+      // 在入口块的第一条指令前输出序言
+      if (!prologue_done && block.GetName() == "entry") {
+        // 处理大栈帧的情况
+        if (total_frame_size <= 2047) {
+          os << "  addi sp, sp, -" << total_frame_size << "\n";
+        } else {
+          os << "  li t4, -" << total_frame_size << "\n";
+          os << "  add sp, sp, t4\n";
+        }
+        
+        // 保存 ra 和 s0
+        int ra_offset = total_frame_size - 8;
+        int s0_offset = total_frame_size - 16;
+        
+        if (ra_offset <= 2047) {
+          os << "  sw ra, " << ra_offset << "(sp)\n";
+        } else {
+          os << "  li t4, " << ra_offset << "\n";
+          os << "  add t4, sp, t4\n";
+          os << "  sw ra, 0(t4)\n";
+        }
+        
+        if (s0_offset <= 2047) {
+          os << "  sw s0, " << s0_offset << "(sp)\n";
+        } else {
+          os << "  li t4, " << s0_offset << "\n";
+          os << "  add t4, sp, t4\n";
+          os << "  sw s0, 0(t4)\n";
+        }
+        
+        prologue_done = true;
+      }
+      
+      switch (inst.GetOpcode()) {
+        case Opcode::Prologue:
+        case Opcode::Epilogue:
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::MovImm:
+          os << "  li " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << ops.at(1).GetImm() << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Load: {
+          if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.at(1).GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
+            os << "  lw " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
+              << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          } else {
+            int frame_idx = ops.at(1).GetFrameIndex();
+            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+            EmitStackLoad(os, ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        case Opcode::Store: {
+          if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.at(1).GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
+            os << "  sw " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
+              << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          } else {
+            int frame_idx = ops.at(1).GetFrameIndex();
+            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+            EmitStackStore(os, ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
+          }
+          break;
+        } 
+        
+        case Opcode::Add:
+          os << "  add " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Sub:
+          os << "  sub " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Mul: {
+          if (ops.size() > 2 && ops.at(2).GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Imm) {
+            os << "  mul " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+               << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+               << ops.at(2).GetImm() << "\n";
+          } else {
+            os << "  mul " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+               << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+               << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        case Opcode::Div:
+          os << "  div " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Rem:
+          os << "  rem " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Slt:
+          os << "  slt " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Slti:
+          os << "  slti " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << ops.at(2).GetImm() << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Sltu:
+          os << "  sltu " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Sltiu:   // <-- 添加这个
+          os << "  sltiu " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+            << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+            << ops.at(2).GetImm() << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Xori:
+          os << "  xori " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << ops.at(2).GetImm() << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::LoadGlobalAddr: {
+          std::string global_name = ops.at(1).GetGlobalName();
+          os << "  la " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", " << global_name << "\n";
+          break;
         }
-        break;
-      case Opcode::Epilogue:
-        if (function.GetFrameSize() > 0) {
-          os << "  add sp, sp, #" << function.GetFrameSize() << "\n";
+        
+        case Opcode::LoadGlobal:
+          os << "  lw " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::StoreGlobal: {
+          std::string global_name = ops.at(1).GetGlobalName();
+          os << "  la t1, " << global_name << "\n";
+          os << "  sw " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0(t1)\n";
+          break;
         }
-        os << "  ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16\n";
-        break;
-      case Opcode::MovImm:
-        os << "  mov " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", #"
-           << ops.at(1).GetImm() << "\n";
-        break;
-      case Opcode::LoadStack: {
-        const auto& slot = GetFrameSlot(function, ops.at(1));
-        PrintStackAccess(os, "ldur", ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
-        break;
+        
+        case Opcode::GEP:
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::LoadIndirect:
+          os << "  lw " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Call: {
+          std::string func_name = "memset";
+          if (!ops.empty() && ops[0].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Func) {
+            func_name = ops[0].GetFuncName();
+          }
+          os << "  call " << func_name << "\n";
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        case Opcode::LoadAddr: {
+          int frame_idx = ops.at(1).GetFrameIndex();
+          const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+          if (slot.offset >= -2048 && slot.offset <= 2047) {
+            os << "  addi " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", sp, " << slot.offset << "\n";
+          } else {
+            os << "  li " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", " << slot.offset << "\n";
+            os << "  add " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", sp, " 
+              << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << "\n";
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        case Opcode::Slli:
+          os << "  slli " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
+             << ops.at(2).GetImm() << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::StoreIndirect:
+          os << "  sw " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", 0("
+             << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::Ret:{
+          // 恢复 ra 和 s0
+          int ra_offset = total_frame_size - 8;
+          int s0_offset = total_frame_size - 16;
+          
+          if (ra_offset <= 2047) {
+            os << "  lw ra, " << ra_offset << "(sp)\n";
+          } else {
+            os << "  li t3, " << ra_offset << "\n";
+            os << "  add t3, sp, t3\n";
+            os << "  lw ra, 0(t3)\n";
+          }
+          
+          if (s0_offset <= 2047) {
+            os << "  lw s0, " << s0_offset << "(sp)\n";
+          } else {
+            os << "  li t3, " << s0_offset << "\n";
+            os << "  add t3, sp, t3\n";
+            os << "  lw s0, 0(t3)\n";
+          }
+          
+          // 恢复 sp
+          if (total_frame_size <= 2047) {
+            os << "  addi sp, sp, " << total_frame_size << "\n";
+          } else {
+            os << "  li t3, " << total_frame_size << "\n";
+            os << "  add sp, sp, t3\n";
+          }
+          
+          os << "  ret\n";
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        case Opcode::Br: {
+          auto* target = reinterpret_cast<MachineBasicBlock*>(ops[0].GetImm64());
+          os << "  j " << target->GetName() << "\n";
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        case Opcode::CondBr: {
+          auto* true_target = reinterpret_cast<MachineBasicBlock*>(ops[1].GetImm64());
+          auto* false_target = reinterpret_cast<MachineBasicBlock*>(ops[2].GetImm64());
+          auto true_it = block_names.find(true_target);
+          auto false_it = block_names.find(false_target);
+          if (true_it == block_names.end() || false_it == block_names.end()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "CondBr: 找不到基本块名称"));
+          }
+          os << "  bnez " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", " 
+             << true_it->second << "\n";
+          os << "  j " << false_it->second << "\n";
+          break;
+        }
+        
+        // 浮点运算
+        case Opcode::FAdd:
+          os << "  fadd.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FSub:
+          os << "  fsub.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FMul:
+          os << "  fmul.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FDiv:
+          os << "  fdiv.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+
+        case Opcode::FEq:
+          os << "  feq.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FLt:
+          os << "  flt.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FLe:
+          os << "  fle.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[2].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+
+        case Opcode::FMov:
+          os << "  fmv.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FMovWX:
+          os << "  fmv.w.x " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FMovXW:
+          os << "  fmv.x.w " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+
+        case Opcode::SIToFP:
+          os << "  fcvt.s.w " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::FPToSI:
+          os << "  fcvt.w.s " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", "
+             << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << "\n";
+          break;
+
+        case Opcode::LoadFloat:
+          if (ops.size() == 2 && ops[1].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
+            os << "  flw " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", 0("
+              << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          } else {
+            int frame_idx = ops[1].GetFrameIndex();
+            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+            EmitStackLoadFloat(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
+          }
+          break;
+        
+        case Opcode::StoreFloat:
+          if (ops.size() == 2 && ops[1].GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg) {
+            os << "  fsw " << PhysRegName(ops[0].GetReg()) << ", 0("
+              << PhysRegName(ops[1].GetReg()) << ")\n";
+          } else {
+            int frame_idx = ops[1].GetFrameIndex();
+            const auto& slot = function.GetFrameSlot(frame_idx);
+            EmitStackStoreFloat(os, ops[0].GetReg(), slot.offset);
+          }
+          break;
+        
+        default:
+          break;
       }
-      case Opcode::StoreStack: {
-        const auto& slot = GetFrameSlot(function, ops.at(1));
-        PrintStackAccess(os, "stur", ops.at(0).GetReg(), slot.offset);
-        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  os << ".size " << function.GetName() << ", .-" << function.GetName() << "\n";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// 输出多个函数的汇编
+void PrintAsm(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction>>& functions, std::ostream& os) {
+  // ========== 输出全局变量 ==========
+  
+  // 输出 .data 段（已初始化的全局变量）
+  bool hasData = false;
+  for (const auto& gv : g_globalVars) {
+    if (!gv.isConst) {
+      if (!hasData) {
+        os << ".data\n";
+        hasData = true;
+      }
+      os << "  .global " << gv.name << "\n";
+      os << "  .type " << gv.name << ", @object\n";
+    
+      if (gv.isArray && gv.arraySize > 1) {
+        int totalSize = gv.arraySize * 4;
+        os << "  .size " << gv.name << ", " << totalSize << "\n";
+        os << gv.name << ":\n";
+      
+        if (!gv.arrayValues.empty()) {
+          for (int val : gv.arrayValues) {
+            os << "  .word " << val << "\n";
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (int i = 0; i < gv.arraySize; i++) {
+            os << "  .word 0\n";
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        os << "  .size " << gv.name << ", 4\n";
+        os << gv.name << ":\n";
+        os << "  .word " << gv.value << "\n";
       }
-      case Opcode::AddRR:
-        os << "  add " << PhysRegName(ops.at(0).GetReg()) << ", "
-           << PhysRegName(ops.at(1).GetReg()) << ", "
-           << PhysRegName(ops.at(2).GetReg()) << "\n";
-        break;
-      case Opcode::Ret:
-        os << "  ret\n";
-        break;
     }
   }
 
-  os << ".size " << function.GetName() << ", .-" << function.GetName()
-     << "\n";
+  // 输出 .rodata 段（只读常量）
+  bool hasRodata = false;
+  for (const auto& gv : g_globalVars) {
+    if (gv.isConst) {
+      if (!hasRodata) {
+        os << ".section .rodata\n";
+        hasRodata = true;
+      }
+      os << "  .global " << gv.name << "\n";
+      os << "  .type " << gv.name << ", @object\n";
+      
+      if (gv.isArray && gv.arraySize > 1) {
+        int totalSize = gv.arraySize * 4;
+        os << "  .size " << gv.name << ", " << totalSize << "\n";
+        os << gv.name << ":\n";
+        
+        if (!gv.arrayValues.empty()) {
+          for (int val : gv.arrayValues) {
+            os << "  .word " << val << "\n";
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (int i = 0; i < gv.arraySize; i++) {
+            os << "  .word 0\n";
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        os << "  .size " << gv.name << ", 4\n";
+        os << gv.name << ":\n";
+        os << "  .word " << gv.value << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // ========== 输出代码段 ==========
+  os << ".text\n";
+  
+  // 输出每个函数
+  for (const auto& func_ptr : functions) {
+    os << ".global " << func_ptr->GetName() << "\n";
+    os << ".type " << func_ptr->GetName() << ", @function\n";
+    os << func_ptr->GetName() << ":\n";
+    
+    PrintAsmFunction(*func_ptr, os);
+    
+    os << "\n";  // 函数之间加空行
+  }
 }
 
-}  // namespace mir
+}  // namespace mir

src/mir/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ target_link_libraries(mir_core PUBLIC
   ir
 )
 
+target_compile_options(mir_core PRIVATE -Wno-unused-parameter)
+
 add_subdirectory(passes)
 
 add_library(mir INTERFACE)
 target_link_libraries(mir INTERFACE
   mir_core
   mir_passes
-)
+)

src/mir/FrameLowering.cpp

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ void RunFrameLowering(MachineFunction& function) {
   int cursor = 0;
   for (const auto& slot : function.GetFrameSlots()) {
     cursor += slot.size;
-    if (-cursor < -256) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持过大的栈帧"));
-    }
+    //if (-cursor < -2048) {
+      //throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持过大的栈帧"));
+    //}
   }
 
   cursor = 0;
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ void RunFrameLowering(MachineFunction& function) {
   }
   function.SetFrameSize(AlignTo(cursor, 16));
 
-  auto& insts = function.GetEntry().GetInstructions();
+  // 修复：GetEntry() 返回指针，使用 ->
+  auto& insts = function.GetEntry()->GetInstructions();
   std::vector<MachineInstr> lowered;
   lowered.emplace_back(Opcode::Prologue);
   for (const auto& inst : insts) {
@@ -42,4 +43,4 @@ void RunFrameLowering(MachineFunction& function) {
   insts = std::move(lowered);
 }
 
-}  // namespace mir
+}  // namespace mir

src/mir/Lowering.cpp

@@ -1,123 +1,642 @@
 #include "mir/MIR.h"
 
+#include <iostream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <unordered_map>
-
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
 #include "ir/IR.h"
 #include "utils/Log.h"
 
+std::vector<mir::GlobalVarInfo> g_globalVars;
 namespace mir {
 namespace {
-
 using ValueSlotMap = std::unordered_map<const ir::Value*, int>;
+static std::unordered_map<const ir::BasicBlock*, MachineBasicBlock*> block_map;
 
+MachineBasicBlock* GetOrCreateBlock(const ir::BasicBlock* ir_block, 
+                                     MachineFunction& function) {
+  auto it = block_map.find(ir_block);
+  if (it != block_map.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  
+  std::string name = ir_block->GetName();
+  if (name.empty()) {
+    name = "block_" + std::to_string(block_map.size());
+  }
+  auto* block = function.CreateBlock(name);
+  block_map[ir_block] = block;
+  return block;
+}
 void EmitValueToReg(const ir::Value* value, PhysReg target,
-                    const ValueSlotMap& slots, MachineBasicBlock& block) {
-  if (auto* constant = dynamic_cast<const ir::ConstantInt*>(value)) {
+                    const ValueSlotMap& slots, MachineBasicBlock& block,
+                    bool for_address=false) {
+    if (auto* arg = dynamic_cast<const ir::Argument*>(value)) {
+      auto it = slots.find(arg);
+      if (it != slots.end()) {
+        // 从栈槽加载参数值
+        if (value->GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
+          block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                      {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+        } else {
+          block.Append(Opcode::Load,
+                      {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    if (auto* constant = dynamic_cast<const ir::ConstantInt*>(value)) {
+    int64_t val = constant->GetValue();
     block.Append(Opcode::MovImm,
-                 {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Imm(constant->GetValue())});
+                 {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Imm(static_cast<int>(val))});
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // 处理浮点常量
+  if (auto* fconstant = dynamic_cast<const ir::ConstantFloat*>(value)) {
+    float val = fconstant->GetValue();
+    uint32_t bits;
+    memcpy(&bits, &val, sizeof(val));
+    
+    // 检查目标是否是浮点寄存器
+    bool target_is_fp = (target == PhysReg::FT0 || target == PhysReg::FT1 || 
+                          target == PhysReg::FT2 || target == PhysReg::FT3 ||
+                          target == PhysReg::FT4 || target == PhysReg::FT5 ||
+                          target == PhysReg::FT6 || target == PhysReg::FT7 ||
+                          target == PhysReg::FA0 || target == PhysReg::FA1 ||
+                          target == PhysReg::FA2 || target == PhysReg::FA3 ||
+                          target == PhysReg::FA4 || target == PhysReg::FA5 ||
+                          target == PhysReg::FA6 || target == PhysReg::FA7);
+    
+    if (target_is_fp) {
+      block.Append(Opcode::MovImm,
+                  {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Imm(static_cast<int>(bits))});
+      block.Append(Opcode::FMovWX, {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+    } else {
+      // 目标是整数寄存器，直接加载
+      block.Append(Opcode::MovImm,
+                  {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Imm(static_cast<int>(bits))});
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (auto* gep = dynamic_cast<const ir::GepInst*>(value)) {
+    EmitValueToReg(gep->GetBasePtr(), target, slots, block, true);
+    EmitValueToReg(gep->GetIndex(), PhysReg::T1, slots, block);
+    block.Append(Opcode::Slli, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                 Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                 Operand::Imm(2)});
+    block.Append(Opcode::Add, {Operand::Reg(target),
+                                 Operand::Reg(target),
+                                 Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1)});
     return;
   }
 
+  if (auto* alloca = dynamic_cast<const ir::AllocaInst*>(value)) {
+    auto it = slots.find(alloca);
+    if (it != slots.end()) {
+      block.Append(Opcode::LoadAddr,
+                   {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (auto* global = dynamic_cast<const ir::GlobalVariable*>(value)) {
+    block.Append(Opcode::LoadGlobalAddr,
+                 {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Global(global->GetName())});
+    if (!for_address) {
+      if (global->IsFloat()) {
+        block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                     {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Reg(target)});
+      } else {
+        block.Append(Opcode::LoadGlobal,
+                     {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::Reg(target)});
+      }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // 关键：在 slots 中查找，并根据类型生成正确的加载指令
   auto it = slots.find(value);
-  if (it == slots.end()) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("mir", "找不到值对应的栈槽: " + value->GetName()));
+  if (it != slots.end()) {
+    if (value->GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
+      block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                   {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+    } else {
+      block.Append(Opcode::Load,
+                   {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+    }
+    return;
   }
+  std::cerr << "未找到的值: " << value << std::endl;
+  std::cerr << "  名称: " << value->GetName() << std::endl;
+  std::cerr << "  类型: " << (value->GetType()->IsFloat32() ? "float" : "int") << std::endl;
+  std::cerr << "  是否是 ConstantInt: " << (dynamic_cast<const ir::ConstantInt*>(value) != nullptr) << std::endl;
+  std::cerr << "  是否是 ConstantFloat: " << (dynamic_cast<const ir::ConstantFloat*>(value) != nullptr) << std::endl;
+  std::cerr << "  是否是 Instruction: " << (dynamic_cast<const ir::Instruction*>(value) != nullptr) << std::endl;
+
+  throw std::runtime_error(
+      FormatError("mir", "找不到值对应的栈槽: " + value->GetName()));
+}
 
-  block.Append(Opcode::LoadStack,
-               {Operand::Reg(target), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+void StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg reg, int slot, MachineBasicBlock& block, bool isFloat = false) {
+  if (isFloat) {
+    block.Append(Opcode::StoreFloat,
+                 {Operand::Reg(reg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+  } else {
+    block.Append(Opcode::Store,
+                 {Operand::Reg(reg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+  }
 }
 
-void LowerInstruction(const ir::Instruction& inst, MachineFunction& function,
-                      ValueSlotMap& slots) {
-  auto& block = function.GetEntry();
 
+
+// 将 LowerInstruction 重命名为 LowerInstructionToBlock，并添加 MachineBasicBlock 参数
+void LowerInstructionToBlock(const ir::Instruction& inst, MachineFunction& function,
+                              ValueSlotMap& slots, MachineBasicBlock& block) {
   switch (inst.GetOpcode()) {
     case ir::Opcode::Alloca: {
-      slots.emplace(&inst, function.CreateFrameIndex());
+      auto& alloca = static_cast<const ir::AllocaInst&>(inst);
+      int size = 4;
+      if (alloca.GetNumElements() > 1) {
+        size = alloca.GetNumElements() * 4;
+      }
+      slots.emplace(&inst, function.CreateFrameIndex(size));
       return;
     }
+    
     case ir::Opcode::Store: {
       auto& store = static_cast<const ir::StoreInst&>(inst);
+      if (dynamic_cast<const ir::GepInst*>(store.GetPtr())) {
+        EmitValueToReg(store.GetValue(), PhysReg::T2, slots, block);
+        EmitValueToReg(store.GetPtr(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block, true);
+        block.Append(Opcode::StoreIndirect,
+                 {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T2), Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+        return;
+      }
+      if (auto* global = dynamic_cast<const ir::GlobalVariable*>(store.GetPtr())) {
+        EmitValueToReg(store.GetValue(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+        std::string global_name = global->GetName();
+        block.Append(Opcode::StoreGlobal,
+               {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Global(global_name)});
+        return;
+      }
+      
       auto dst = slots.find(store.GetPtr());
-      if (dst == slots.end()) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(
-            FormatError("mir", "暂不支持对非栈变量地址进行写入"));
+      if (dst != slots.end()) {
+        EmitValueToReg(store.GetValue(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+        StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst->second, block);
+        return;
       }
-      EmitValueToReg(store.GetValue(), PhysReg::W8, slots, block);
-      block.Append(Opcode::StoreStack,
-                   {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W8), Operand::FrameIndex(dst->second)});
-      return;
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "Store: 无法处理的指针类型"));
     }
+    
     case ir::Opcode::Load: {
       auto& load = static_cast<const ir::LoadInst&>(inst);
+      
+      if (dynamic_cast<const ir::GepInst*>(load.GetPtr())) {
+        EmitValueToReg(load.GetPtr(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block, true);
+        block.Append(Opcode::LoadIndirect,
+                    {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+        int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+        StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block, false);
+        slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+        return;
+      }
+      
+      if (auto* global = dynamic_cast<const ir::GlobalVariable*>(load.GetPtr())) {
+        int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+        std::string global_name = global->GetName();
+        block.Append(Opcode::LoadGlobalAddr,
+                    {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Global(global_name)});
+        if (global->IsFloat()) {
+          block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                      {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+          StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block, true);
+        } else {
+          block.Append(Opcode::LoadGlobal,
+                      {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+          StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block, false);
+        }
+        slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+        return;
+      }
+      
       auto src = slots.find(load.GetPtr());
-      if (src == slots.end()) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(
-            FormatError("mir", "暂不支持对非栈变量地址进行读取"));
+      if (src != slots.end()) {
+        int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+        
+        if (load.GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
+          block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                      {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0), Operand::FrameIndex(src->second)});
+          StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::FT0, dst_slot, block, true);
+        } else {
+          block.Append(Opcode::Load,
+                      {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::FrameIndex(src->second)});
+          StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block, false);
+        }
+        slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+        return;
       }
+      
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "Load: 无法处理的指针类型"));
+    }
+    
+    case ir::Opcode::Add:
+    case ir::Opcode::Sub:
+    case ir::Opcode::Mul:
+    case ir::Opcode::Div:
+    case ir::Opcode::Mod: {
+      auto& bin = static_cast<const ir::BinaryInst&>(inst);
       int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
-      block.Append(Opcode::LoadStack,
-                   {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W8), Operand::FrameIndex(src->second)});
-      block.Append(Opcode::StoreStack,
-                   {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W8), Operand::FrameIndex(dst_slot)});
+      EmitValueToReg(bin.GetLhs(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+      EmitValueToReg(bin.GetRhs(), PhysReg::T1, slots, block);
+      
+      Opcode op;
+      switch (inst.GetOpcode()) {
+        case ir::Opcode::Add: op = Opcode::Add; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::Sub: op = Opcode::Sub; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::Mul: op = Opcode::Mul; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::Div: op = Opcode::Div; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::Mod: op = Opcode::Rem; break;
+        default: op = Opcode::Add; break;
+      }
+      
+      block.Append(op, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                         Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                         Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1)});
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block);
       slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
       return;
     }
-    case ir::Opcode::Add: {
-      auto& bin = static_cast<const ir::BinaryInst&>(inst);
+    
+    case ir::Opcode::Gep: {
       int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
-      EmitValueToReg(bin.GetLhs(), PhysReg::W8, slots, block);
-      EmitValueToReg(bin.GetRhs(), PhysReg::W9, slots, block);
-      block.Append(Opcode::AddRR, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W8),
-                                   Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W8),
-                                   Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W9)});
-      block.Append(Opcode::StoreStack,
-                   {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::W8), Operand::FrameIndex(dst_slot)});
       slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
       return;
     }
-    case ir::Opcode::Ret: {
-      auto& ret = static_cast<const ir::ReturnInst&>(inst);
-      EmitValueToReg(ret.GetValue(), PhysReg::W0, slots, block);
-      block.Append(Opcode::Ret);
+    
+    case ir::Opcode::Call: {
+      auto& call = static_cast<const ir::CallInst&>(inst);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < call.GetNumArgs() && i < 8; i++) {
+        PhysReg argReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::A0) + i);
+        EmitValueToReg(call.GetArg(i), argReg, slots, block);
+      }
+      std::string func_name = call.GetCalleeName();
+      block.Append(Opcode::Call, {Operand::Func(func_name)});
+      if (!call.GetType()->IsVoid()) {
+        int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
+        StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::A0, dst_slot, block);
+        slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      }
       return;
     }
-    case ir::Opcode::Sub:
-    case ir::Opcode::Mul:
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持该二元运算"));
-  }
+    
+    case ir::Opcode::ICmp: {
+      auto& icmp = static_cast<const ir::ICmpInst&>(inst);
+      int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex();
+      
+      EmitValueToReg(icmp.GetLhs(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+      EmitValueToReg(icmp.GetRhs(), PhysReg::T1, slots, block);
+      
+      ir::ICmpPredicate pred = icmp.GetPredicate();
+      
+      switch (pred) {
+        case ir::ICmpPredicate::EQ:
+          block.Append(Opcode::Sub, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1)});
+          block.Append(Opcode::Sltiu, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                        Operand::Imm(1)});
+          break;
 
-  throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持该 IR 指令"));
-}
+        case ir::ICmpPredicate::NE:
+          block.Append(Opcode::Sub, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1)});
+          block.Append(Opcode::Sltiu, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                        Operand::Imm(1)});
+          block.Append(Opcode::Xori, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                        Operand::Imm(1)});
+          break;
+
+        case ir::ICmpPredicate::SLT:
+          block.Append(Opcode::Slt, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1)});
+          break;
+        case ir::ICmpPredicate::SLE:
+          block.Append(Opcode::Slt, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+          block.Append(Opcode::Xori, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                        Operand::Imm(1)});
+          break;
+        case ir::ICmpPredicate::SGT:
+          block.Append(Opcode::Slt, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+          break;
+        case ir::ICmpPredicate::SGE:
+          block.Append(Opcode::Slt, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                       Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+          block.Append(Opcode::Xori, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                        Operand::Imm(1)});
+          break;
+      }
+      
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block);
+      slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      return;
+    }
+    case ir::Opcode::ZExt: {
+      auto& zext = static_cast<const ir::ZExtInst&>(inst);
+      int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);  // i32 是 4 字节
+      
+      // 获取源操作数的值
+      EmitValueToReg(zext.GetSrc(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+      // 存储到新栈槽
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block);
+      slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      return;
+    }
+    case ir::Opcode::FAdd:
+    case ir::Opcode::FSub:
+    case ir::Opcode::FMul:
+    case ir::Opcode::FDiv: {
+      auto& bin = static_cast<const ir::BinaryInst&>(inst);
+      int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+      
+      EmitValueToReg(bin.GetLhs(), PhysReg::FT0, slots, block);
+      EmitValueToReg(bin.GetRhs(), PhysReg::FT1, slots, block);
+      
+      Opcode op;
+      switch (inst.GetOpcode()) {
+        case ir::Opcode::FAdd: op = Opcode::FAdd; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::FSub: op = Opcode::FSub; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::FMul: op = Opcode::FMul; break;
+        case ir::Opcode::FDiv: op = Opcode::FDiv; break;
+        default: op = Opcode::FAdd; break;
+      }
+      
+      block.Append(op, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                        Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT1)});
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::FT0, dst_slot, block);
+      slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      return;
+    }
 
-}  // namespace
+    case ir::Opcode::FCmp: {
+      auto& fcmp = static_cast<const ir::FCmpInst&>(inst);
+      int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+      
+      EmitValueToReg(fcmp.GetLhs(), PhysReg::FT0, slots, block);
+      EmitValueToReg(fcmp.GetRhs(), PhysReg::FT1, slots, block);
+      
+      ir::FCmpPredicate pred = fcmp.GetPredicate();
+      
+      switch (pred) {
+        case ir::FCmpPredicate::OEQ:
+          block.Append(Opcode::FEq, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT1)});
+          break;
+        case ir::FCmpPredicate::OLT:
+          block.Append(Opcode::FLt, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT1)});
+          break;
+        case ir::FCmpPredicate::OLE:
+          block.Append(Opcode::FLe, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT1)});
+          break;
+        default:
+          block.Append(Opcode::FEq, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                      Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT1)});
+          break;
+      }
+      
+      block.Append(Opcode::FMov, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                  Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0)});
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block);
+      slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      return;
+    }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction> LowerToMIR(const ir::Module& module) {
-  DefaultContext();
+    case ir::Opcode::SIToFP: {
+      auto& conv = static_cast<const ir::SIToFPInst&>(inst);
+      int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+      
+      auto src_it = slots.find(conv.GetSrc());
+      if (src_it == slots.end()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "SIToFP: 找不到源操作数的栈槽"));
+      }
+      
+      block.Append(Opcode::Load,
+                  {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::FrameIndex(src_it->second)});
+      block.Append(Opcode::SIToFP, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0),
+                                    Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::FT0, dst_slot, block, true);
+      slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      return;
+    }
 
-  if (module.GetFunctions().size() != 1) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持多个函数"));
-  }
+    case ir::Opcode::FPToSI: {
+      auto& conv = static_cast<const ir::FPToSIInst&>(inst);
+      int dst_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+      
+      auto src_it = slots.find(conv.GetSrc());
+      if (src_it == slots.end()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "FPToSI: 找不到源操作数的栈槽"));
+      }
+      
+      block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                  {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0), Operand::FrameIndex(src_it->second)});
+      block.Append(Opcode::FPToSI, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0),
+                                    Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0)});
+      StoreRegToSlot(PhysReg::T0, dst_slot, block, false);
+      slots.emplace(&inst, dst_slot);
+      return;
+    }
+    
+    case ir::Opcode::Br: {
+      auto& br = static_cast<const ir::BrInst&>(inst);
+      auto* target = br.GetTarget();
+      MachineBasicBlock* target_block = GetOrCreateBlock(target, function);
+      block.Append(Opcode::Br, {Operand::Imm64(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(target_block))});
+      return;
+    }
+
+    case ir::Opcode::CondBr: {
+      auto& condbr = static_cast<const ir::CondBrInst&>(inst);
+      auto* true_bb = condbr.GetTrueBB();
+      auto* false_bb = condbr.GetFalseBB();
 
-  const auto& func = *module.GetFunctions().front();
-  if (func.GetName() != "main") {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "暂不支持非 main 函数"));
+      // 如果条件涉及函数调用，需要特殊处理
+      // 简单方案：将条件值保存到栈槽
+      int cond_slot = function.CreateFrameIndex(4);
+      EmitValueToReg(condbr.GetCond(), PhysReg::T0, slots, block);
+      
+      // 保存条件值到栈
+      block.Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::FrameIndex(cond_slot)});
+      
+      // 从栈加载条件值（确保函数调用后还能获取）
+      block.Append(Opcode::Load, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0), Operand::FrameIndex(cond_slot)});
+      
+      block.Append(Opcode::Sltu, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                  Operand::Reg(PhysReg::ZERO),
+                                  Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T0)});
+
+      MachineBasicBlock* true_block = GetOrCreateBlock(true_bb, function);
+      MachineBasicBlock* false_block = GetOrCreateBlock(false_bb, function);
+
+      block.Append(Opcode::CondBr, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::T1),
+                                    Operand::Imm64(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(true_block)),
+                                    Operand::Imm64(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(false_block))});
+      return;
+    }
+    case ir::Opcode::Ret: {
+      auto& ret = static_cast<const ir::ReturnInst&>(inst);
+      if (ret.GetValue()) {
+        auto val = ret.GetValue();
+        if (val->GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
+          auto it = slots.find(val);
+          if (it != slots.end()) {
+            block.Append(Opcode::LoadFloat,
+                        {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0), Operand::FrameIndex(it->second)});
+            block.Append(Opcode::FPToSI, {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::A0),
+                                          Operand::Reg(PhysReg::FT0)});
+          } else {
+            throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "Ret: 找不到浮点返回值的栈槽"));
+          }
+        } else {
+          EmitValueToReg(val, PhysReg::A0, slots, block);
+        }
+      } else {
+        block.Append(Opcode::MovImm,
+                    {Operand::Reg(PhysReg::A0), Operand::Imm(0)});
+      }
+      block.Append(Opcode::Ret);
+      return;
+    }
+    
+    default: {
+      break;
+    }
   }
+}
+}  // namespace 
 
+std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction> LowerFunctionToMIR(const ir::Function& func) {
+  block_map.clear();
+  
   auto machine_func = std::make_unique<MachineFunction>(func.GetName());
   ValueSlotMap slots;
-  const auto* entry = func.GetEntry();
-  if (!entry) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "IR 函数缺少入口基本块"));
+
+  // ========== 新增：为函数参数分配栈槽 ==========
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < func.GetNumArgs(); i++) {
+    ir::Argument* arg = func.GetArgument(i);
+    int slot = machine_func->CreateFrameIndex(4);  // int 和指针都是 4 字节
+    
+    // 将参数值从寄存器存储到栈槽
+    PhysReg argReg = static_cast<PhysReg>(static_cast<int>(PhysReg::A0) + i);
+    MachineBasicBlock* entry = machine_func->GetEntry();
+    
+    // 存储参数到栈槽
+    if (arg->GetType()->IsPtrInt32() || arg->GetType()->IsPtrFloat32()) {
+      // 指针类型
+      entry->Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+    } else if (arg->GetType()->IsInt32()) {
+      // 整数类型
+      entry->Append(Opcode::Store, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+    } else if (arg->GetType()->IsFloat32()) {
+      // 浮点类型
+      entry->Append(Opcode::StoreFloat, {Operand::Reg(argReg), Operand::FrameIndex(slot)});
+    }
+    
+    slots[arg] = slot;
   }
 
-  for (const auto& inst : entry->GetInstructions()) {
-    LowerInstruction(*inst, *machine_func, slots);
+  // 第一遍：创建所有 IR 基本块对应的 MIR 基本块
+  for (const auto& ir_block : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    GetOrCreateBlock(ir_block.get(), *machine_func);
+  }
+  
+  // 第二遍：遍历所有基本块，降低指令
+  for (const auto& ir_block : func.GetBlocks()) {
+    MachineBasicBlock* mbb = GetOrCreateBlock(ir_block.get(), *machine_func);
+    
+    for (const auto& inst : ir_block->GetInstructions()) {
+      LowerInstructionToBlock(*inst, *machine_func, slots, *mbb);
+    }
   }
 
   return machine_func;
 }
 
-}  // namespace mir
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction>> LowerToMIR(const ir::Module& module) {
+  DefaultContext();
+
+  // 收集全局变量（只做一次）
+  g_globalVars.clear();
+  for (const auto& global : module.GetGlobalVariables()) {
+    GlobalVarInfo info;
+    info.name = global->GetName();
+    info.isConst = global->IsConst();
+    info.isArray = global->IsArray();
+    info.arraySize = global->GetNumElements();
+    info.isFloat = global->IsFloat();
+    info.value = 0;
+    info.valueF = 0.0f;
+    
+    if (info.isArray) {
+      if (info.isFloat) {
+        const auto& initVals = global->GetInitValsF();
+        for (float val : initVals) {
+          info.arrayValuesF.push_back(val);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (global->HasInitVals()) {
+          const auto& initVals = global->GetInitVals();
+          for (int val : initVals) {
+            info.arrayValues.push_back(val);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (info.isFloat) {
+        info.valueF = global->GetInitValF();
+      } else {
+        info.value = global->GetInitVal();
+      }
+    }
+    
+    g_globalVars.push_back(info);
+  }
+  
+  const auto& functions = module.GetFunctions();
+  if (functions.empty()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "模块中没有函数"));
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MachineFunction>> result;
+  
+  // 为每个函数生成 MachineFunction
+  for (const auto& func : functions) {
+    auto machine_func = LowerFunctionToMIR(*func);
+    result.push_back(std::move(machine_func));
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+}  // namespace mir

src/mir/MIRFunction.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,16 @@
 namespace mir {
 
 MachineFunction::MachineFunction(std::string name)
-    : name_(std::move(name)), entry_("entry") {}
+    : name_(std::move(name)) {
+  entry_ = CreateBlock("entry");
+}
+
+MachineBasicBlock* MachineFunction::CreateBlock(const std::string& name) {
+  auto block = std::make_unique<MachineBasicBlock>(name);
+  auto* ptr = block.get();
+  blocks_.push_back(std::move(block));
+  return ptr;
+}
 
 int MachineFunction::CreateFrameIndex(int size) {
   int index = static_cast<int>(frame_slots_.size());
@@ -30,4 +39,4 @@ const FrameSlot& MachineFunction::GetFrameSlot(int index) const {
   return frame_slots_[index];
 }
 
-}  // namespace mir
+}  // namespace mir

src/mir/MIRInstr.cpp

@@ -6,18 +6,34 @@ namespace mir {
 
 Operand::Operand(Kind kind, PhysReg reg, int imm)
     : kind_(kind), reg_(reg), imm_(imm) {}
+Operand::Operand(Kind kind, PhysReg reg, int64_t imm64)
+    : kind_(kind), reg_(PhysReg::ZERO), imm_(0), imm64_(imm64) {}
+// 新增构造函数
+Operand::Operand(Kind kind, PhysReg reg, int imm, const std::string& name)
+    : kind_(kind), reg_(reg), imm_(imm), global_name_(name) {}
 
 Operand Operand::Reg(PhysReg reg) { return Operand(Kind::Reg, reg, 0); }
 
 Operand Operand::Imm(int value) {
-  return Operand(Kind::Imm, PhysReg::W0, value);
+  return Operand(Kind::Imm, PhysReg::ZERO, value);
+}
+Operand Operand::Imm64(int64_t value) {
+  return Operand(Kind::Imm, PhysReg::ZERO, value);
 }
-
 Operand Operand::FrameIndex(int index) {
-  return Operand(Kind::FrameIndex, PhysReg::W0, index);
+  return Operand(Kind::FrameIndex, PhysReg::ZERO, index);
 }
 
+// 新增
+Operand Operand::Global(const std::string& name) {
+  return Operand(Kind::Global, PhysReg::ZERO, 0, name);
+}
+Operand Operand::Func(const std::string& name) {
+  Operand op(Kind::Func, PhysReg::ZERO, 0);
+  op.func_name_ = name;
+  return op;
+}
 MachineInstr::MachineInstr(Opcode opcode, std::vector<Operand> operands)
     : opcode_(opcode), operands_(std::move(operands)) {}
 
-}  // namespace mir
+}  // namespace mir

src/mir/RegAlloc.cpp

@@ -9,12 +9,66 @@ namespace {
 
 bool IsAllowedReg(PhysReg reg) {
   switch (reg) {
-    case PhysReg::W0:
-    case PhysReg::W8:
-    case PhysReg::W9:
-    case PhysReg::X29:
-    case PhysReg::X30:
+    // 临时寄存器
+    case PhysReg::T0:
+    case PhysReg::T1:
+    case PhysReg::T2:
+    case PhysReg::T3:
+    case PhysReg::T4:
+    case PhysReg::T5:
+    case PhysReg::T6:
+    // 参数/返回值寄存器
+    case PhysReg::A0:
+    case PhysReg::A1:
+    case PhysReg::A2:
+    case PhysReg::A3:
+    case PhysReg::A4:
+    case PhysReg::A5:
+    case PhysReg::A6:
+    case PhysReg::A7:
+    // 保存寄存器
+    case PhysReg::S0:
+    case PhysReg::S1:
+    case PhysReg::S2:
+    case PhysReg::S3:
+    case PhysReg::S4:
+    case PhysReg::S5:
+    case PhysReg::S6:
+    case PhysReg::S7:
+    case PhysReg::S8:
+    case PhysReg::S9:
+    case PhysReg::S10:
+    case PhysReg::S11:
+    // 特殊寄存器
+    case PhysReg::ZERO:
+    case PhysReg::RA:
     case PhysReg::SP:
+    case PhysReg::GP:
+    case PhysReg::TP:
+    case PhysReg::FT0:
+    case PhysReg::FT1:
+    case PhysReg::FT2:
+    case PhysReg::FT3:
+    case PhysReg::FT4:
+    case PhysReg::FT5:
+    case PhysReg::FT6:
+    case PhysReg::FT7:
+    case PhysReg::FT8:
+    case PhysReg::FT9:
+    case PhysReg::FT10:
+    case PhysReg::FT11:
+    // 浮点保存寄存器
+    case PhysReg::FS0:
+    case PhysReg::FS1:
+    // 浮点参数寄存器
+    case PhysReg::FA0:
+    case PhysReg::FA1:
+    case PhysReg::FA2:
+    case PhysReg::FA3:
+    case PhysReg::FA4:
+    case PhysReg::FA5:
+    case PhysReg::FA6:
+    case PhysReg::FA7:
       return true;
   }
   return false;
@@ -23,7 +77,8 @@ bool IsAllowedReg(PhysReg reg) {
 }  // namespace
 
 void RunRegAlloc(MachineFunction& function) {
-  for (const auto& inst : function.GetEntry().GetInstructions()) {
+  // 修复：GetEntry() 返回指针，使用 ->
+  for (const auto& inst : function.GetEntry()->GetInstructions()) {
     for (const auto& operand : inst.GetOperands()) {
       if (operand.GetKind() == Operand::Kind::Reg &&
           !IsAllowedReg(operand.GetReg())) {
@@ -33,4 +88,4 @@ void RunRegAlloc(MachineFunction& function) {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace mir
+}  // namespace mir

src/mir/Register.cpp

@@ -8,20 +8,96 @@ namespace mir {
 
 const char* PhysRegName(PhysReg reg) {
   switch (reg) {
-    case PhysReg::W0:
-      return "w0";
-    case PhysReg::W8:
-      return "w8";
-    case PhysReg::W9:
-      return "w9";
-    case PhysReg::X29:
-      return "x29";
-    case PhysReg::X30:
-      return "x30";
+    // 整数寄存器
+    case PhysReg::ZERO:
+      return "zero";
+    case PhysReg::RA:
+      return "ra";
     case PhysReg::SP:
       return "sp";
+    case PhysReg::GP:
+      return "gp";
+    case PhysReg::TP:
+      return "tp";
+    case PhysReg::T0:
+      return "t0";
+    case PhysReg::T1:
+      return "t1";
+    case PhysReg::T2:
+      return "t2";
+    case PhysReg::S0:
+      return "s0";
+    case PhysReg::S1:
+      return "s1";
+    case PhysReg::A0:
+      return "a0";
+    case PhysReg::A1:
+      return "a1";
+    case PhysReg::A2:
+      return "a2";
+    case PhysReg::A3:
+      return "a3";
+    case PhysReg::A4:
+      return "a4";
+    case PhysReg::A5:
+      return "a5";
+    case PhysReg::A6:
+      return "a6";
+    case PhysReg::A7:
+      return "a7";
+    case PhysReg::S2:
+      return "s2";
+    case PhysReg::S3:
+      return "s3";
+    case PhysReg::S4:
+      return "s4";
+    case PhysReg::S5:
+      return "s5";
+    case PhysReg::S6:
+      return "s6";
+    case PhysReg::S7:
+      return "s7";
+    case PhysReg::S8:
+      return "s8";
+    case PhysReg::S9:
+      return "s9";
+    case PhysReg::S10:
+      return "s10";
+    case PhysReg::S11:
+      return "s11";
+    case PhysReg::T3:
+      return "t3";
+    case PhysReg::T4:
+      return "t4";
+    case PhysReg::T5:
+      return "t5";
+    case PhysReg::T6:
+      return "t6";
+     // 浮点寄存器
+    case PhysReg::FT0: return "ft0";
+    case PhysReg::FT1: return "ft1";
+    case PhysReg::FT2: return "ft2";
+    case PhysReg::FT3: return "ft3";
+    case PhysReg::FT4: return "ft4";
+    case PhysReg::FT5: return "ft5";
+    case PhysReg::FT6: return "ft6";
+    case PhysReg::FT7: return "ft7";
+    case PhysReg::FS0: return "fs0";
+    case PhysReg::FS1: return "fs1";
+    case PhysReg::FA0: return "fa0";
+    case PhysReg::FA1: return "fa1";
+    case PhysReg::FA2: return "fa2";
+    case PhysReg::FA3: return "fa3";
+    case PhysReg::FA4: return "fa4";
+    case PhysReg::FA5: return "fa5";
+    case PhysReg::FA6: return "fa6";
+    case PhysReg::FA7: return "fa7";
+    case PhysReg::FT8: return "ft8";
+    case PhysReg::FT9: return "ft9";
+    case PhysReg::FT10: return "ft10";
+    case PhysReg::FT11: return "ft11";
   }
   throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("mir", "未知物理寄存器"));
 }
 
-}  // namespace mir
+}  // namespace mir

src/sem/Sema.cpp

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ class SemaVisitor final : public SysYBaseVisitor {
       }
       func->accept(this);
     }
-    if (!has_main && ctx->funcDef().empty()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "缺少函数定义"));
+    if (!has_main) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "缺少main函数定义"));
     }
     scope_.PopScope();
     return {};

src/sem/func.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "sem/func.h"
 
+#include <cstring>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -7,6 +8,12 @@
 
 namespace sem {
 
+// Truncate double to float32 precision (mimics C float arithmetic)
+static double ToFloat32(double v) {
+  float f = static_cast<float>(v);
+  return static_cast<double>(f);
+}
+
 // 编译时求值常量表达式
 ConstValue EvaluateConstExp(SysYParser::ConstExpContext& ctx) {
   return EvaluateExp(*ctx.addExp());
@@ -73,14 +80,65 @@ ConstValue EvaluatePrimaryExp(SysYParser::PrimaryExpContext& ctx) {
   if (ctx.exp()) {
     return EvaluateExp(*ctx.exp()->addExp());
   } else if (ctx.lVar()) {
-    // 处理变量引用（必须是已定义的常量）
+    // 处理变量引用：向上遍历 AST 找到对应的常量定义并求值
     auto* ident = ctx.lVar()->Ident();
     if (!ident) {
       throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "非法变量引用"));
     }
     std::string name = ident->getText();
-    // 这里简化处理，实际应该在符号表中查找常量
-    // 暂时假设常量已经在前面被处理过
+    // 向上遍历 AST 找到作用域内的 constDef
+    antlr4::ParserRuleContext* scope =
+        dynamic_cast<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*>(ctx.lVar()->parent);
+    while (scope) {
+      // 检查当前作用域中的所有 constDecl
+      for (auto* tree_child : scope->children) {
+        auto* child = dynamic_cast<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*>(tree_child);
+        if (!child) continue;
+        auto* block_item = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::BlockItemContext*>(child);
+        if (block_item && block_item->decl()) {
+          auto* decl = block_item->decl();
+          if (decl->constDecl()) {
+            for (auto* def : decl->constDecl()->constDef()) {
+              if (def->Ident() && def->Ident()->getText() == name) {
+                if (def->constInitVal() && def->constInitVal()->constExp()) {
+                  ConstValue cv = EvaluateConstExp(*def->constInitVal()->constExp());
+                  bool decl_is_int = decl->constDecl()->bType() &&
+                                     decl->constDecl()->bType()->Int();
+                  if (decl_is_int) {
+                    cv.is_int = true;
+                    cv.int_val = static_cast<long long>(static_cast<int>(cv.float_val));
+                    cv.float_val = static_cast<double>(cv.int_val);
+                  }
+                  return cv;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // compUnit 级别的 constDecl
+        auto* decl = dynamic_cast<SysYParser::DeclContext*>(child);
+        if (decl && decl->constDecl()) {
+          for (auto* def : decl->constDecl()->constDef()) {
+            if (def->Ident() && def->Ident()->getText() == name) {
+              if (def->constInitVal() && def->constInitVal()->constExp()) {
+                ConstValue cv = EvaluateConstExp(*def->constInitVal()->constExp());
+                // If declared as int, truncate to integer
+                bool decl_is_int = decl->constDecl()->bType() &&
+                                   decl->constDecl()->bType()->Int();
+                if (decl_is_int) {
+                  cv.is_int = true;
+                  cv.int_val = static_cast<long long>(static_cast<int>(cv.float_val));
+                  cv.float_val = static_cast<double>(cv.int_val);
+                }
+                return cv;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      scope = dynamic_cast<antlr4::ParserRuleContext*>(scope->parent);
+    }
+    // 未找到常量定义，返回 0
     ConstValue val;
     val.is_int = true;
     val.int_val = 0;
@@ -94,11 +152,11 @@ ConstValue EvaluatePrimaryExp(SysYParser::PrimaryExpContext& ctx) {
     ConstValue val;
     if (int_const) {
       val.is_int = true;
-      val.int_val = std::stoll(int_const->getText());
+      val.int_val = std::stoll(int_const->getText(), nullptr, 0);
       val.float_val = static_cast<double>(val.int_val);
     } else if (float_const) {
       val.is_int = false;
-      val.float_val = std::stod(float_const->getText());
+      val.float_val = ToFloat32(std::stod(float_const->getText()));
       val.int_val = static_cast<long long>(val.float_val);
     } else {
       throw std::runtime_error(FormatError("sema", "非法数字字面量"));
@@ -127,8 +185,9 @@ ConstValue AddValues(const ConstValue& lhs, const ConstValue& rhs) {
     result.float_val = static_cast<double>(result.int_val);
   } else {
     result.is_int = false;
-    result.float_val = (lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val) + 
-                      (rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val);
+    double l = lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val;
+    double r = rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val;
+    result.float_val = ToFloat32(l + r);
     result.int_val = static_cast<long long>(result.float_val);
   }
   return result;
@@ -143,8 +202,9 @@ ConstValue SubValues(const ConstValue& lhs, const ConstValue& rhs) {
     result.float_val = static_cast<double>(result.int_val);
   } else {
     result.is_int = false;
-    result.float_val = (lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val) - 
-                      (rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val);
+    double l = lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val;
+    double r = rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val;
+    result.float_val = ToFloat32(l - r);
     result.int_val = static_cast<long long>(result.float_val);
   }
   return result;
@@ -159,8 +219,9 @@ ConstValue MulValues(const ConstValue& lhs, const ConstValue& rhs) {
     result.float_val = static_cast<double>(result.int_val);
   } else {
     result.is_int = false;
-    result.float_val = (lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val) * 
-                      (rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val);
+    double l = lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val;
+    double r = rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val;
+    result.float_val = ToFloat32(l * r);
     result.int_val = static_cast<long long>(result.float_val);
   }
   return result;
@@ -175,8 +236,9 @@ ConstValue DivValues(const ConstValue& lhs, const ConstValue& rhs) {
     result.float_val = static_cast<double>(result.int_val);
   } else {
     result.is_int = false;
-    result.float_val = (lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val) / 
-                      (rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val);
+    double l = lhs.is_int ? lhs.int_val : lhs.float_val;
+    double r = rhs.is_int ? rhs.int_val : rhs.float_val;
+    result.float_val = ToFloat32(l / r);
     result.int_val = static_cast<long long>(result.float_val);
   }
   return result;

src/utils/CLI.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-// 解析帮助、输入文件和输出阶段选项。
+// 解析命令行: compiler <input.sy> -S -o <output.s> [-O1]
+//         或: compiler <input.sy> -IR -o <output.ll> [-O1]
+// 同时兼容 --emit-ir / --emit-asm 旧格式
 
 #include "utils/CLI.h"
 
@@ -15,30 +17,31 @@ CLIOptions ParseCLI(int argc, char** argv) {
   if (argc <= 1) {
     throw std::runtime_error(FormatError(
         "cli",
-        "用法: compiler [--help] [--emit-parse-tree] [--emit-ir] [--emit-asm] <input.sy>"));
+        "用法: compiler <input.sy> -S -o <output.s> [-O1]\n"
+        "  或: compiler <input.sy> -IR -o <output.ll> [-O1]"));
   }
 
   for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
     const char* arg = argv[i];
+
     if (std::strcmp(arg, "-h") == 0 || std::strcmp(arg, "--help") == 0) {
       opt.show_help = true;
       return opt;
     }
 
-    if (std::strcmp(arg, "--emit-parse-tree") == 0) {
+    // 输出阶段（新格式）
+    if (std::strcmp(arg, "-S") == 0) {
       if (!explicit_emit) {
-        opt.emit_parse_tree = false;
         opt.emit_ir = false;
         opt.emit_asm = false;
         explicit_emit = true;
       }
-      opt.emit_parse_tree = true;
+      opt.emit_asm = true;
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (std::strcmp(arg, "--emit-ir") == 0) {
+    if (std::strcmp(arg, "-IR") == 0) {
       if (!explicit_emit) {
-        opt.emit_parse_tree = false;
         opt.emit_ir = false;
         opt.emit_asm = false;
         explicit_emit = true;
@@ -47,9 +50,9 @@ CLIOptions ParseCLI(int argc, char** argv) {
       continue;
     }
 
+    // 输出阶段（兼容旧格式）
     if (std::strcmp(arg, "--emit-asm") == 0) {
       if (!explicit_emit) {
-        opt.emit_parse_tree = false;
         opt.emit_ir = false;
         opt.emit_asm = false;
         explicit_emit = true;
@@ -58,6 +61,32 @@ CLIOptions ParseCLI(int argc, char** argv) {
       continue;
     }
 
+    if (std::strcmp(arg, "--emit-ir") == 0) {
+      if (!explicit_emit) {
+        opt.emit_ir = false;
+        opt.emit_asm = false;
+        explicit_emit = true;
+      }
+      opt.emit_ir = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 优化级别
+    if (std::strcmp(arg, "-O1") == 0) {
+      opt.opt = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 输出文件
+    if (std::strcmp(arg, "-o") == 0) {
+      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            FormatError("cli", "-o 缺少输出文件名"));
+      }
+      opt.output = argv[++i];
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (arg[0] == '-') {
       throw std::runtime_error(
           FormatError("cli", std::string("未知参数: ") + arg +
@@ -73,11 +102,12 @@ CLIOptions ParseCLI(int argc, char** argv) {
 
   if (opt.input.empty() && !opt.show_help) {
     throw std::runtime_error(
-        FormatError("cli", "缺少输入文件：请提供 <input.sy>（使用 --help 查看用法）"));
+        FormatError("cli", "缺少输入文件：请提供 <input.sy>"));
   }
-  if (!opt.emit_parse_tree && !opt.emit_ir && !opt.emit_asm) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(FormatError(
-        "cli", "未选择任何输出：请使用 --emit-parse-tree / --emit-ir / --emit-asm"));
+  if (!explicit_emit) {
+    // 未显式选择输出阶段时默认输出 IR
+    opt.emit_ir = true;
   }
+
   return opt;
 }

src/utils/Log.cpp

@@ -50,17 +50,22 @@ void PrintHelp(std::ostream& os) {
   os << "SysY Compiler\n"
      << "\n"
      << "用法:\n"
-     << "  compiler [--help] [--emit-parse-tree] [--emit-ir] [--emit-asm] <input.sy>\n"
+     << "  compiler <input.sy> -IR -o <output.ll> [-O1]    # 输出 IR\n"
+     << "  compiler <input.sy> -S  -o <output.s>  [-O1]    # 输出汇编\n"
      << "\n"
      << "选项:\n"
-     << "  -h, --help        打印帮助信息并退出\n"
-     << "  --emit-parse-tree 仅在显式模式下启用语法树输出\n"
-     << "  --emit-ir         仅在显式模式下启用 IR 输出\n"
-     << "  --emit-asm        仅在显式模式下启用 AArch64 汇编输出\n"
+     << "  -IR            输出中间代码（IR 文本）\n"
+     << "  -S             输出 AArch64 汇编码\n"
+     << "  -o <file>      输出文件（默认 stdout）\n"
+     << "  -O1            启用 IR 优化（Mem2Reg + 标量优化）\n"
+     << "  -h, --help     打印帮助信息并退出\n"
      << "\n"
-     << "说明:\n"
-     << "  - 默认输出 IR\n"
-     << "  - 若使用 --emit-parse-tree/--emit-ir/--emit-asm，则仅输出显式选择的阶段\n"
-     << "  - 可使用重定向写入文件:\n"
-     << "      compiler --emit-asm test/test_case/functional/simple_add.sy > out.s\n";
+     << "兼容格式（仍可使用）:\n"
+     << "  --emit-ir      同 -IR\n"
+     << "  --emit-asm     同 -S\n"
+     << "\n"
+     << "示例:\n"
+     << "  compiler test.sy -IR -o test.ll -O1     # 生成优化 IR\n"
+     << "  compiler test.sy -S  -o test.s  -O1     # 生成优化汇编\n"
+     << "  compiler test.sy -IR                    # IR 输出到 stdout\n";
 }

sylib/sylib.c

@@ -1,4 +1,83 @@
-// SysY 运行库实现：
-// - 按实验/评测规范提供 I/O 等函数实现
-// - 与编译器生成的目标代码链接，支撑运行时行为
+#include<stdio.h>
+#include<stdarg.h>
+#include<sys/time.h>
+#include"sylib.h"
+/* Input & output functions */
+int getint(){int t; scanf("%d",&t); return t; }
+int getch(){char c; scanf("%c",&c); return (int)c; }
+float getfloat(){
+    float n;
+    scanf("%a", &n);
+    return n;
+}
 
+int getarray(int a[]){
+  int n;
+  scanf("%d",&n);
+  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);
+  return n;
+}
+
+int getfarray(float a[]) {
+    int n;
+    scanf("%d", &n);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        scanf("%a", &a[i]);
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+void putint(int a){ printf("%d",a);}
+void putch(int a){ printf("%c",a); }
+void putarray(int n,int a[]){
+  printf("%d:",n);
+  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)printf(" %d",a[i]);
+  printf("\n");
+}
+void putfloat(float a) {
+  printf("%a", a);
+}
+void putfarray(int n, float a[]) {
+    printf("%d:", n);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        printf(" %a", a[i]);
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+}
+
+void putf(char a[], ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, a);
+    vfprintf(stdout, a, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+/* Timing function implementation */
+__attribute((constructor)) void before_main(){
+  for(int i=0;i<_SYSY_N;i++)
+    _sysy_h[i] = _sysy_m[i]= _sysy_s[i] = _sysy_us[i] =0;
+  _sysy_idx=1;
+}  
+__attribute((destructor)) void after_main(){
+  for(int i=1;i<_sysy_idx;i++){
+    fprintf(stderr,"Timer@%04d-%04d: %dH-%dM-%dS-%dus\n",\
+      _sysy_l1[i],_sysy_l2[i],_sysy_h[i],_sysy_m[i],_sysy_s[i],_sysy_us[i]);
+    _sysy_us[0]+= _sysy_us[i]; 
+    _sysy_s[0] += _sysy_s[i]; _sysy_us[0] %= 1000000;
+    _sysy_m[0] += _sysy_m[i]; _sysy_s[0] %= 60;
+    _sysy_h[0] += _sysy_h[i]; _sysy_m[0] %= 60;
+  }
+  fprintf(stderr,"TOTAL: %dH-%dM-%dS-%dus\n",_sysy_h[0],_sysy_m[0],_sysy_s[0],_sysy_us[0]);
+}  
+void _sysy_starttime(int lineno){
+  _sysy_l1[_sysy_idx] = lineno;
+  gettimeofday(&_sysy_start,NULL);
+}
+void _sysy_stoptime(int lineno){
+  gettimeofday(&_sysy_end,NULL);
+  _sysy_l2[_sysy_idx] = lineno;
+  _sysy_us[_sysy_idx] += 1000000 * ( _sysy_end.tv_sec - _sysy_start.tv_sec ) + _sysy_end.tv_usec - _sysy_start.tv_usec;
+  _sysy_s[_sysy_idx] += _sysy_us[_sysy_idx] / 1000000 ; _sysy_us[_sysy_idx] %= 1000000;
+  _sysy_m[_sysy_idx] += _sysy_s[_sysy_idx] / 60 ; _sysy_s[_sysy_idx] %= 60;
+  _sysy_h[_sysy_idx] += _sysy_m[_sysy_idx] / 60 ; _sysy_m[_sysy_idx] %= 60;
+  _sysy_idx ++;
+}

sylib/sylib.h

@@ -1,4 +1,31 @@
-// SysY 运行库头文件：
-// - 声明运行库函数原型（供编译器生成 call 或链接阶段引用）
-// - 与 sylib.c 配套，按规范逐步补齐声明
+#ifndef __SYLIB_H_
+#define __SYLIB_H_
 
+#include<stdio.h>
+#include<stdarg.h>
+#include<sys/time.h>
+/* Input & output functions */
+int getint(),getch(),getarray(int a[]);
+float getfloat();
+int getfarray(float a[]);
+
+void putint(int a),putch(int a),putarray(int n,int a[]);
+void putfloat(float a);
+void putfarray(int n, float a[]);
+
+void putf(char a[], ...);
+
+/* Timing function implementation */
+struct timeval _sysy_start,_sysy_end;
+#define starttime() _sysy_starttime(__LINE__)
+#define stoptime()  _sysy_stoptime(__LINE__)
+#define _SYSY_N 1024
+int _sysy_l1[_SYSY_N],_sysy_l2[_SYSY_N];
+int _sysy_h[_SYSY_N], _sysy_m[_SYSY_N],_sysy_s[_SYSY_N],_sysy_us[_SYSY_N];
+int _sysy_idx;
+__attribute((constructor)) void before_main(); 
+__attribute((destructor)) void after_main();
+void _sysy_starttime(int lineno);
+void _sysy_stoptime(int lineno);
+
+#endif

test/test_case/testdata/functional/test_riscv.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// test/test_case/functional/test_riscv.sy
+int main() {
+    int a = 10;
+    int b = 20;
+    int c = a + b;
+    return c;  // 应该返回30
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/00_main.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/00_main.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int main(){
+    return 3;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/01_var_defn2.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+10

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/01_var_defn2.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//test domain of global var define and local define
+int a = 3;
+int b = 5;
+
+int main(){
+    int a = 5;
+    return a + b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/02_var_defn3.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/02_var_defn3.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//test local var define
+int main(){
+    int a, b0, _c;
+    a = 1;
+    b0 = 2;
+    _c = 3;
+    return b0 + _c;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/03_arr_defn2.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/03_arr_defn2.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int a[10][10];
+int main(){
+    return 0;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/04_arr_defn3.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+14

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/04_arr_defn3.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//test array define
+int main(){
+    int a[4][2] = {};
+    int b[4][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
+    int c[4][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}, {7, 8}};
+    int d[4][2] = {1, 2, {3}, {5}, 7 , 8};
+    int e[4][2] = {{d[2][1], c[2][1]}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}, {7, 8}};
+    return e[3][1] + e[0][0] + e[0][1] + a[2][0];
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/05_arr_defn4.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+21

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/05_arr_defn4.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+int main(){
+    const int a[4][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {}, 7};
+
+    int b[4][2] = {};
+    int c[4][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
+    int d[3 + 1][2] = {1, 2, {3}, {5}, a[3][0], 8};
+    int e[4][2][1] = {{d[2][1], {c[2][1]}}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}, {7, 8}};
+    return e[3][1][0] + e[0][0][0] + e[0][1][0] + d[3][0];
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/06_const_var_defn2.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/06_const_var_defn2.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//test const gloal var define
+const int a = 10, b = 5;
+
+int main(){
+    return b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/07_const_var_defn3.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/07_const_var_defn3.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//test const local var define
+int main(){
+    const int a = 10, b = 5;
+    return b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/08_const_array_defn.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+4

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/08_const_array_defn.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const int a[5]={0,1,2,3,4};
+
+int main(){
+    return a[4];
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/09_func_defn.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+9

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/09_func_defn.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+int a;
+int func(int p){
+	p = p - 1;
+	return p;
+}
+int main(){
+	int b;
+	a = 10;
+	b = func(a);
+	return b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/10_var_defn_func.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+4

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/10_var_defn_func.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+int defn(){
+    return 4;
+}
+
+int main(){
+    int a=defn();
+    return a;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/11_add2.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+9

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/11_add2.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//test add
+int main(){
+    int a, b;
+    a = 10;
+    b = -1;
+    return a + b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/12_addc.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+15

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/12_addc.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//test addc
+const int a = 10;
+int main(){
+    return a + 5;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/13_sub2.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+248

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/13_sub2.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//test sub
+const int a = 10;
+int main(){
+    int b;
+    b = 2;
+    return b - a;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/14_subc.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+8

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/14_subc.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//test subc
+int main(){
+    int a;
+    a = 10;
+    return a - 2;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/15_mul.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+50

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/15_mul.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//test mul
+int main(){
+    int a, b;
+    a = 10;
+    b = 5;
+    return a * b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/16_mulc.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+25

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/16_mulc.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//test mulc
+const int a = 5;
+int main(){
+    return a * 5;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/17_div.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/17_div.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//test div
+int main(){
+    int a, b;
+    a = 10;
+    b = 5;
+    return a / b;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/18_divc.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/18_divc.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//test divc
+const int a = 10;
+int main(){
+    return a / 5;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/19_mod.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/19_mod.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//test mod
+int main(){
+    int a;
+    a = 10;
+    return a / 3;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/20_rem.out

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/20_rem.sy

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//test rem
+int main(){
+    int a;
+    a = 10;
+    return a % 3;
+}

test/test_case/testdata2026/functional/21_if_test2.out

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-5
+0