#include <stdio.h>

#define SIZE 9  
void printMatrix(int matrix[SIZE][SIZE]) {
    int i,j;
    for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) {
            printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}
int checkRow(int matrix[SIZE][SIZE], int row) {
    int seen[SIZE + 1] = {0}; 
    int col; 
    for (col = 0; col < SIZE; col++) {
        int num = matrix[row][col];
        if (num != 0) {
            if (seen[num]) {
                printf("The number %d in the row %d has been used!\n", num, row + 1);
                return 0; 
            }
            seen[num] = 1;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}
int checkCol(int matrix[SIZE][SIZE], int col) {
    int seen[SIZE + 1] = {0};  
    int row;
    for (row = 0; row < SIZE; row++) {
        int num = matrix[row][col];
        if (num != 0) {
            if (seen[num]) {
                printf("The number %d in the col %d has been used!\n", num, col + 1);
                return 0;  
            }
            seen[num] = 1;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}
int checkBlock(int matrix[SIZE][SIZE], int block) {
    int seen[SIZE + 1] = {0};  
    int startRow = (block / 3) * 3;
    int startCol = (block % 3) * 3;
    int i,j;
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            int num = matrix[startRow + i][startCol + j];
            if (num != 0) {
                if (seen[num]) {
                    printf("The number %d in the block %d has been used!\n", num, block + 1);
                    return 0;  
                }
                seen[num] = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return 1;
}
int main() {
    int matrix[SIZE][SIZE] = {
{8, 3, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0}, 
{6, 0, 0, 1, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0}, 
{0, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0}, 
{8, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 3}, 
{4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1}, 
{7, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6}, 
{0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0}, 
{0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 9, 0, 0, 5}, 
{0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 7, 9}};


    printf("The original Sudoku matrix:\n");
    printMatrix(matrix);
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        if (!checkRow(matrix, i)) {
            printf("False: Invalid initial Sudoku matrix!\n");
            return 0;
        }
        if (!checkCol(matrix, i)) {
            printf("False: Invalid initial Sudoku matrix!\n");
            return 0;
        }
    }
    for (int block = 0; block < SIZE; block++) {
        if (!checkBlock(matrix, block)) {
            printf("False: Invalid initial Sudoku matrix!\n");
            return 0;
        }
    }

    printf("True: Valid initial Sudoku matrix!\n");
    return 0;
}