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1117 lines
39 KiB
1117 lines
39 KiB
5 months ago
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"""A WSGI and HTTP server for use **during development only**. This
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server is convenient to use, but is not designed to be particularly
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stable, secure, or efficient. Use a dedicate WSGI server and HTTP
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server when deploying to production.
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It provides features like interactive debugging and code reloading. Use
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``run_simple`` to start the server. Put this in a ``run.py`` script:
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.. code-block:: python
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from myapp import create_app
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from werkzeug import run_simple
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import errno
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import io
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import os
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import selectors
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import socket
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import socketserver
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import sys
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import typing as t
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from datetime import datetime as dt
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from datetime import timedelta
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from datetime import timezone
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from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
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from http.server import HTTPServer
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from urllib.parse import unquote
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from urllib.parse import urlsplit
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from ._internal import _log
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from ._internal import _wsgi_encoding_dance
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from .exceptions import InternalServerError
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from .urls import uri_to_iri
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try:
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import ssl
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except ImportError:
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class _SslDummy:
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def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
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raise RuntimeError( # noqa: B904
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"SSL is unavailable because this Python runtime was not"
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" compiled with SSL/TLS support."
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)
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ssl = _SslDummy() # type: ignore
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_log_add_style = True
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if os.name == "nt":
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try:
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__import__("colorama")
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except ImportError:
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_log_add_style = False
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can_fork = hasattr(os, "fork")
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if can_fork:
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ForkingMixIn = socketserver.ForkingMixIn
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else:
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class ForkingMixIn: # type: ignore
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pass
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try:
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af_unix = socket.AF_UNIX
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except AttributeError:
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af_unix = None # type: ignore
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LISTEN_QUEUE = 128
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_TSSLContextArg = t.Optional[
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t.Union["ssl.SSLContext", t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str]], t.Literal["adhoc"]]
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]
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if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
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from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
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from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
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from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import (
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RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization,
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)
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from cryptography.x509 import Certificate
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class DechunkedInput(io.RawIOBase):
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"""An input stream that handles Transfer-Encoding 'chunked'"""
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def __init__(self, rfile: t.IO[bytes]) -> None:
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self._rfile = rfile
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self._done = False
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self._len = 0
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def readable(self) -> bool:
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return True
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def read_chunk_len(self) -> int:
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try:
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line = self._rfile.readline().decode("latin1")
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_len = int(line.strip(), 16)
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except ValueError as e:
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raise OSError("Invalid chunk header") from e
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if _len < 0:
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raise OSError("Negative chunk length not allowed")
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return _len
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def readinto(self, buf: bytearray) -> int: # type: ignore
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read = 0
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while not self._done and read < len(buf):
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if self._len == 0:
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# This is the first chunk or we fully consumed the previous
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# one. Read the next length of the next chunk
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self._len = self.read_chunk_len()
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if self._len == 0:
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# Found the final chunk of size 0. The stream is now exhausted,
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# but there is still a final newline that should be consumed
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self._done = True
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if self._len > 0:
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# There is data (left) in this chunk, so append it to the
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# buffer. If this operation fully consumes the chunk, this will
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# reset self._len to 0.
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n = min(len(buf), self._len)
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# If (read + chunk size) becomes more than len(buf), buf will
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# grow beyond the original size and read more data than
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# required. So only read as much data as can fit in buf.
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if read + n > len(buf):
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buf[read:] = self._rfile.read(len(buf) - read)
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self._len -= len(buf) - read
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read = len(buf)
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else:
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buf[read : read + n] = self._rfile.read(n)
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self._len -= n
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read += n
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if self._len == 0:
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# Skip the terminating newline of a chunk that has been fully
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# consumed. This also applies to the 0-sized final chunk
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terminator = self._rfile.readline()
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if terminator not in (b"\n", b"\r\n", b"\r"):
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raise OSError("Missing chunk terminating newline")
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return read
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class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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"""A request handler that implements WSGI dispatching."""
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server: BaseWSGIServer
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@property
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def server_version(self) -> str: # type: ignore
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return self.server._server_version
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def make_environ(self) -> WSGIEnvironment:
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request_url = urlsplit(self.path)
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url_scheme = "http" if self.server.ssl_context is None else "https"
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if not self.client_address:
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self.client_address = ("<local>", 0)
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elif isinstance(self.client_address, str):
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self.client_address = (self.client_address, 0)
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# If there was no scheme but the path started with two slashes,
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# the first segment may have been incorrectly parsed as the
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# netloc, prepend it to the path again.
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if not request_url.scheme and request_url.netloc:
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path_info = f"/{request_url.netloc}{request_url.path}"
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else:
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||
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path_info = request_url.path
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path_info = unquote(path_info)
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environ: WSGIEnvironment = {
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"wsgi.version": (1, 0),
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"wsgi.url_scheme": url_scheme,
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"wsgi.input": self.rfile,
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"wsgi.errors": sys.stderr,
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"wsgi.multithread": self.server.multithread,
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"wsgi.multiprocess": self.server.multiprocess,
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"wsgi.run_once": False,
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"werkzeug.socket": self.connection,
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"SERVER_SOFTWARE": self.server_version,
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"REQUEST_METHOD": self.command,
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"SCRIPT_NAME": "",
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"PATH_INFO": _wsgi_encoding_dance(path_info),
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||
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"QUERY_STRING": _wsgi_encoding_dance(request_url.query),
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# Non-standard, added by mod_wsgi, uWSGI
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"REQUEST_URI": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.path),
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# Non-standard, added by gunicorn
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||
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"RAW_URI": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.path),
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"REMOTE_ADDR": self.address_string(),
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"REMOTE_PORT": self.port_integer(),
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"SERVER_NAME": self.server.server_address[0],
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"SERVER_PORT": str(self.server.server_address[1]),
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"SERVER_PROTOCOL": self.request_version,
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}
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|
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||
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for key, value in self.headers.items():
|
||
|
|
if "_" in key:
|
||
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|
continue
|
||
|
|
|
||
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|
key = key.upper().replace("-", "_")
|
||
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value = value.replace("\r\n", "")
|
||
|
|
if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
|
||
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|
key = f"HTTP_{key}"
|
||
|
|
if key in environ:
|
||
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|
value = f"{environ[key]},{value}"
|
||
|
|
environ[key] = value
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if environ.get("HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODING", "").strip().lower() == "chunked":
|
||
|
|
environ["wsgi.input_terminated"] = True
|
||
|
|
environ["wsgi.input"] = DechunkedInput(environ["wsgi.input"])
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Per RFC 2616, if the URL is absolute, use that as the host.
|
||
|
|
# We're using "has a scheme" to indicate an absolute URL.
|
||
|
|
if request_url.scheme and request_url.netloc:
|
||
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environ["HTTP_HOST"] = request_url.netloc
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
# binary_form=False gives nicer information, but wouldn't be compatible with
|
||
|
|
# what Nginx or Apache could return.
|
||
|
|
peer_cert = self.connection.getpeercert(binary_form=True)
|
||
|
|
if peer_cert is not None:
|
||
|
|
# Nginx and Apache use PEM format.
|
||
|
|
environ["SSL_CLIENT_CERT"] = ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(peer_cert)
|
||
|
|
except ValueError:
|
||
|
|
# SSL handshake hasn't finished.
|
||
|
|
self.server.log("error", "Cannot fetch SSL peer certificate info")
|
||
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
||
|
|
# Not using TLS, the socket will not have getpeercert().
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return environ
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def run_wsgi(self) -> None:
|
||
|
|
if self.headers.get("Expect", "").lower().strip() == "100-continue":
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.write(b"HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.environ = environ = self.make_environ()
|
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|
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status_set: str | None = None
|
||
|
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headers_set: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None
|
||
|
|
status_sent: str | None = None
|
||
|
|
headers_sent: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None
|
||
|
|
chunk_response: bool = False
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def write(data: bytes) -> None:
|
||
|
|
nonlocal status_sent, headers_sent, chunk_response
|
||
|
|
assert status_set is not None, "write() before start_response"
|
||
|
|
assert headers_set is not None, "write() before start_response"
|
||
|
|
if status_sent is None:
|
||
|
|
status_sent = status_set
|
||
|
|
headers_sent = headers_set
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
code_str, msg = status_sent.split(None, 1)
|
||
|
|
except ValueError:
|
||
|
|
code_str, msg = status_sent, ""
|
||
|
|
code = int(code_str)
|
||
|
|
self.send_response(code, msg)
|
||
|
|
header_keys = set()
|
||
|
|
for key, value in headers_sent:
|
||
|
|
self.send_header(key, value)
|
||
|
|
header_keys.add(key.lower())
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Use chunked transfer encoding if there is no content
|
||
|
|
# length. Do not use for 1xx and 204 responses. 304
|
||
|
|
# responses and HEAD requests are also excluded, which
|
||
|
|
# is the more conservative behavior and matches other
|
||
|
|
# parts of the code.
|
||
|
|
# https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7230.html#rfc.section.3.3.1
|
||
|
|
if (
|
||
|
|
not (
|
||
|
|
"content-length" in header_keys
|
||
|
|
or environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
|
||
|
|
or (100 <= code < 200)
|
||
|
|
or code in {204, 304}
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
and self.protocol_version >= "HTTP/1.1"
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
chunk_response = True
|
||
|
|
self.send_header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Always close the connection. This disables HTTP/1.1
|
||
|
|
# keep-alive connections. They aren't handled well by
|
||
|
|
# Python's http.server because it doesn't know how to
|
||
|
|
# drain the stream before the next request line.
|
||
|
|
self.send_header("Connection", "close")
|
||
|
|
self.end_headers()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
assert isinstance(data, bytes), "applications must write bytes"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if data:
|
||
|
|
if chunk_response:
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.write(hex(len(data))[2:].encode())
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.write(b"\r\n")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.write(data)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if chunk_response:
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.write(b"\r\n")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.flush()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): # type: ignore
|
||
|
|
nonlocal status_set, headers_set
|
||
|
|
if exc_info:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
if headers_sent:
|
||
|
|
raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
|
||
|
|
finally:
|
||
|
|
exc_info = None
|
||
|
|
elif headers_set:
|
||
|
|
raise AssertionError("Headers already set")
|
||
|
|
status_set = status
|
||
|
|
headers_set = headers
|
||
|
|
return write
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def execute(app: WSGIApplication) -> None:
|
||
|
|
application_iter = app(environ, start_response)
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
for data in application_iter:
|
||
|
|
write(data)
|
||
|
|
if not headers_sent:
|
||
|
|
write(b"")
|
||
|
|
if chunk_response:
|
||
|
|
self.wfile.write(b"0\r\n\r\n")
|
||
|
|
finally:
|
||
|
|
# Check for any remaining data in the read socket, and discard it. This
|
||
|
|
# will read past request.max_content_length, but lets the client see a
|
||
|
|
# 413 response instead of a connection reset failure. If we supported
|
||
|
|
# keep-alive connections, this naive approach would break by reading the
|
||
|
|
# next request line. Since we know that write (above) closes every
|
||
|
|
# connection we can read everything.
|
||
|
|
selector = selectors.DefaultSelector()
|
||
|
|
selector.register(self.connection, selectors.EVENT_READ)
|
||
|
|
total_size = 0
|
||
|
|
total_reads = 0
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# A timeout of 0 tends to fail because a client needs a small amount of
|
||
|
|
# time to continue sending its data.
|
||
|
|
while selector.select(timeout=0.01):
|
||
|
|
# Only read 10MB into memory at a time.
|
||
|
|
data = self.rfile.read(10_000_000)
|
||
|
|
total_size += len(data)
|
||
|
|
total_reads += 1
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Stop reading on no data, >=10GB, or 1000 reads. If a client sends
|
||
|
|
# more than that, they'll get a connection reset failure.
|
||
|
|
if not data or total_size >= 10_000_000_000 or total_reads > 1000:
|
||
|
|
break
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
selector.close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if hasattr(application_iter, "close"):
|
||
|
|
application_iter.close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
execute(self.server.app)
|
||
|
|
except (ConnectionError, socket.timeout) as e:
|
||
|
|
self.connection_dropped(e, environ)
|
||
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
||
|
|
if self.server.passthrough_errors:
|
||
|
|
raise
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if status_sent is not None and chunk_response:
|
||
|
|
self.close_connection = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
# if we haven't yet sent the headers but they are set
|
||
|
|
# we roll back to be able to set them again.
|
||
|
|
if status_sent is None:
|
||
|
|
status_set = None
|
||
|
|
headers_set = None
|
||
|
|
execute(InternalServerError())
|
||
|
|
except Exception:
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
from .debug.tbtools import DebugTraceback
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
msg = DebugTraceback(e).render_traceback_text()
|
||
|
|
self.server.log("error", f"Error on request:\n{msg}")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def handle(self) -> None:
|
||
|
|
"""Handles a request ignoring dropped connections."""
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
super().handle()
|
||
|
|
except (ConnectionError, socket.timeout) as e:
|
||
|
|
self.connection_dropped(e)
|
||
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
||
|
|
if self.server.ssl_context is not None and is_ssl_error(e):
|
||
|
|
self.log_error("SSL error occurred: %s", e)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
raise
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def connection_dropped(
|
||
|
|
self, error: BaseException, environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None
|
||
|
|
) -> None:
|
||
|
|
"""Called if the connection was closed by the client. By default
|
||
|
|
nothing happens.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
|
||
|
|
# All HTTP methods are handled by run_wsgi.
|
||
|
|
if name.startswith("do_"):
|
||
|
|
return self.run_wsgi
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# All other attributes are forwarded to the base class.
|
||
|
|
return getattr(super(), name)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def address_string(self) -> str:
|
||
|
|
if getattr(self, "environ", None):
|
||
|
|
return self.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] # type: ignore
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not self.client_address:
|
||
|
|
return "<local>"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self.client_address[0]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def port_integer(self) -> int:
|
||
|
|
return self.client_address[1]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Escape control characters. This is defined (but private) in Python 3.12.
|
||
|
|
_control_char_table = str.maketrans(
|
||
|
|
{c: rf"\x{c:02x}" for c in [*range(0x20), *range(0x7F, 0xA0)]}
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
_control_char_table[ord("\\")] = r"\\"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def log_request(self, code: int | str = "-", size: int | str = "-") -> None:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
path = uri_to_iri(self.path)
|
||
|
|
msg = f"{self.command} {path} {self.request_version}"
|
||
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
||
|
|
# path isn't set if the requestline was bad
|
||
|
|
msg = self.requestline
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Escape control characters that may be in the decoded path.
|
||
|
|
msg = msg.translate(self._control_char_table)
|
||
|
|
code = str(code)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if code[0] == "1": # 1xx - Informational
|
||
|
|
msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold")
|
||
|
|
elif code == "200": # 2xx - Success
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
elif code == "304": # 304 - Resource Not Modified
|
||
|
|
msg = _ansi_style(msg, "cyan")
|
||
|
|
elif code[0] == "3": # 3xx - Redirection
|
||
|
|
msg = _ansi_style(msg, "green")
|
||
|
|
elif code == "404": # 404 - Resource Not Found
|
||
|
|
msg = _ansi_style(msg, "yellow")
|
||
|
|
elif code[0] == "4": # 4xx - Client Error
|
||
|
|
msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold", "red")
|
||
|
|
else: # 5xx, or any other response
|
||
|
|
msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold", "magenta")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.log("info", '"%s" %s %s', msg, code, size)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def log_error(self, format: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
|
||
|
|
self.log("error", format, *args)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def log_message(self, format: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
|
||
|
|
self.log("info", format, *args)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def log(self, type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
|
||
|
|
_log(
|
||
|
|
type,
|
||
|
|
f"{self.address_string()} - - [{self.log_date_time_string()}] {message}\n",
|
||
|
|
*args,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _ansi_style(value: str, *styles: str) -> str:
|
||
|
|
if not _log_add_style:
|
||
|
|
return value
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
codes = {
|
||
|
|
"bold": 1,
|
||
|
|
"red": 31,
|
||
|
|
"green": 32,
|
||
|
|
"yellow": 33,
|
||
|
|
"magenta": 35,
|
||
|
|
"cyan": 36,
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for style in styles:
|
||
|
|
value = f"\x1b[{codes[style]}m{value}"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return f"{value}\x1b[0m"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(
|
||
|
|
cn: str | None = None,
|
||
|
|
) -> tuple[Certificate, RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization]:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
from cryptography import x509
|
||
|
|
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
|
||
|
|
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
|
||
|
|
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
|
||
|
|
from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
|
||
|
|
except ImportError:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError(
|
||
|
|
"Using ad-hoc certificates requires the cryptography library."
|
||
|
|
) from None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
backend = default_backend()
|
||
|
|
pkey = rsa.generate_private_key(
|
||
|
|
public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048, backend=backend
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# pretty damn sure that this is not actually accepted by anyone
|
||
|
|
if cn is None:
|
||
|
|
cn = "*"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
subject = x509.Name(
|
||
|
|
[
|
||
|
|
x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, "Dummy Certificate"),
|
||
|
|
x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, cn),
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
backend = default_backend()
|
||
|
|
cert = (
|
||
|
|
x509.CertificateBuilder()
|
||
|
|
.subject_name(subject)
|
||
|
|
.issuer_name(subject)
|
||
|
|
.public_key(pkey.public_key())
|
||
|
|
.serial_number(x509.random_serial_number())
|
||
|
|
.not_valid_before(dt.now(timezone.utc))
|
||
|
|
.not_valid_after(dt.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(days=365))
|
||
|
|
.add_extension(x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.OID_SERVER_AUTH]), critical=False)
|
||
|
|
.add_extension(
|
||
|
|
x509.SubjectAlternativeName([x509.DNSName(cn), x509.DNSName(f"*.{cn}")]),
|
||
|
|
critical=False,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
.sign(pkey, hashes.SHA256(), backend)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
return cert, pkey
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def make_ssl_devcert(
|
||
|
|
base_path: str, host: str | None = None, cn: str | None = None
|
||
|
|
) -> tuple[str, str]:
|
||
|
|
"""Creates an SSL key for development. This should be used instead of
|
||
|
|
the ``'adhoc'`` key which generates a new cert on each server start.
|
||
|
|
It accepts a path for where it should store the key and cert and
|
||
|
|
either a host or CN. If a host is given it will use the CN
|
||
|
|
``*.host/CN=host``.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
For more information see :func:`run_simple`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param base_path: the path to the certificate and key. The extension
|
||
|
|
``.crt`` is added for the certificate, ``.key`` is
|
||
|
|
added for the key.
|
||
|
|
:param host: the name of the host. This can be used as an alternative
|
||
|
|
for the `cn`.
|
||
|
|
:param cn: the `CN` to use.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if host is not None:
|
||
|
|
cn = host
|
||
|
|
cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(cn=cn)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
cert_file = f"{base_path}.crt"
|
||
|
|
pkey_file = f"{base_path}.key"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with open(cert_file, "wb") as f:
|
||
|
|
f.write(cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM))
|
||
|
|
with open(pkey_file, "wb") as f:
|
||
|
|
f.write(
|
||
|
|
pkey.private_bytes(
|
||
|
|
encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
|
||
|
|
format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
|
||
|
|
encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return cert_file, pkey_file
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def generate_adhoc_ssl_context() -> ssl.SSLContext:
|
||
|
|
"""Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server."""
|
||
|
|
import atexit
|
||
|
|
import tempfile
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
cert_handle, cert_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
|
||
|
|
pkey_handle, pkey_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
|
||
|
|
atexit.register(os.remove, pkey_file)
|
||
|
|
atexit.register(os.remove, cert_file)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
os.write(cert_handle, cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM))
|
||
|
|
os.write(
|
||
|
|
pkey_handle,
|
||
|
|
pkey.private_bytes(
|
||
|
|
encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
|
||
|
|
format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
|
||
|
|
encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
|
||
|
|
),
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
os.close(cert_handle)
|
||
|
|
os.close(pkey_handle)
|
||
|
|
ctx = load_ssl_context(cert_file, pkey_file)
|
||
|
|
return ctx
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def load_ssl_context(
|
||
|
|
cert_file: str, pkey_file: str | None = None, protocol: int | None = None
|
||
|
|
) -> ssl.SSLContext:
|
||
|
|
"""Loads SSL context from cert/private key files and optional protocol.
|
||
|
|
Many parameters are directly taken from the API of
|
||
|
|
:py:class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param cert_file: Path of the certificate to use.
|
||
|
|
:param pkey_file: Path of the private key to use. If not given, the key
|
||
|
|
will be obtained from the certificate file.
|
||
|
|
:param protocol: A ``PROTOCOL`` constant from the :mod:`ssl` module.
|
||
|
|
Defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if protocol is None:
|
||
|
|
protocol = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ctx = ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
|
||
|
|
ctx.load_cert_chain(cert_file, pkey_file)
|
||
|
|
return ctx
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def is_ssl_error(error: Exception | None = None) -> bool:
|
||
|
|
"""Checks if the given error (or the current one) is an SSL error."""
|
||
|
|
if error is None:
|
||
|
|
error = t.cast(Exception, sys.exc_info()[1])
|
||
|
|
return isinstance(error, ssl.SSLError)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def select_address_family(host: str, port: int) -> socket.AddressFamily:
|
||
|
|
"""Return ``AF_INET4``, ``AF_INET6``, or ``AF_UNIX`` depending on
|
||
|
|
the host and port."""
|
||
|
|
if host.startswith("unix://"):
|
||
|
|
return socket.AF_UNIX
|
||
|
|
elif ":" in host and hasattr(socket, "AF_INET6"):
|
||
|
|
return socket.AF_INET6
|
||
|
|
return socket.AF_INET
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_sockaddr(
|
||
|
|
host: str, port: int, family: socket.AddressFamily
|
||
|
|
) -> tuple[str, int] | str:
|
||
|
|
"""Return a fully qualified socket address that can be passed to
|
||
|
|
:func:`socket.bind`."""
|
||
|
|
if family == af_unix:
|
||
|
|
# Absolute path avoids IDNA encoding error when path starts with dot.
|
||
|
|
return os.path.abspath(host.partition("://")[2])
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
res = socket.getaddrinfo(
|
||
|
|
host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
except socket.gaierror:
|
||
|
|
return host, port
|
||
|
|
return res[0][4] # type: ignore
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_interface_ip(family: socket.AddressFamily) -> str:
|
||
|
|
"""Get the IP address of an external interface. Used when binding to
|
||
|
|
0.0.0.0 or ::1 to show a more useful URL.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:meta private:
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# arbitrary private address
|
||
|
|
host = "fd31:f903:5ab5:1::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "10.253.155.219"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
s.connect((host, 58162))
|
||
|
|
except OSError:
|
||
|
|
return "::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return s.getsockname()[0] # type: ignore
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class BaseWSGIServer(HTTPServer):
|
||
|
|
"""A WSGI server that that handles one request at a time.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use :func:`make_server` to create a server instance.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
multithread = False
|
||
|
|
multiprocess = False
|
||
|
|
request_queue_size = LISTEN_QUEUE
|
||
|
|
allow_reuse_address = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __init__(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
host: str,
|
||
|
|
port: int,
|
||
|
|
app: WSGIApplication,
|
||
|
|
handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
passthrough_errors: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
|
||
|
|
fd: int | None = None,
|
||
|
|
) -> None:
|
||
|
|
if handler is None:
|
||
|
|
handler = WSGIRequestHandler
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# If the handler doesn't directly set a protocol version and
|
||
|
|
# thread or process workers are used, then allow chunked
|
||
|
|
# responses and keep-alive connections by enabling HTTP/1.1.
|
||
|
|
if "protocol_version" not in vars(handler) and (
|
||
|
|
self.multithread or self.multiprocess
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
handler.protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.host = host
|
||
|
|
self.port = port
|
||
|
|
self.app = app
|
||
|
|
self.passthrough_errors = passthrough_errors
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.address_family = address_family = select_address_family(host, port)
|
||
|
|
server_address = get_sockaddr(host, int(port), address_family)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Remove a leftover Unix socket file from a previous run. Don't
|
||
|
|
# remove a file that was set up by run_simple.
|
||
|
|
if address_family == af_unix and fd is None:
|
||
|
|
server_address = t.cast(str, server_address)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if os.path.exists(server_address):
|
||
|
|
os.unlink(server_address)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Bind and activate will be handled manually, it should only
|
||
|
|
# happen if we're not using a socket that was already set up.
|
||
|
|
super().__init__(
|
||
|
|
server_address, # type: ignore[arg-type]
|
||
|
|
handler,
|
||
|
|
bind_and_activate=False,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if fd is None:
|
||
|
|
# No existing socket descriptor, do bind_and_activate=True.
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
self.server_bind()
|
||
|
|
self.server_activate()
|
||
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
||
|
|
# Catch connection issues and show them without the traceback. Show
|
||
|
|
# extra instructions for address not found, and for macOS.
|
||
|
|
self.server_close()
|
||
|
|
print(e.strerror, file=sys.stderr)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
|
||
|
|
print(
|
||
|
|
f"Port {port} is in use by another program. Either identify and"
|
||
|
|
" stop that program, or start the server with a different"
|
||
|
|
" port.",
|
||
|
|
file=sys.stderr,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if sys.platform == "darwin" and port == 5000:
|
||
|
|
print(
|
||
|
|
"On macOS, try disabling the 'AirPlay Receiver' service"
|
||
|
|
" from System Preferences -> General -> AirDrop & Handoff.",
|
||
|
|
file=sys.stderr,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
||
|
|
except BaseException:
|
||
|
|
self.server_close()
|
||
|
|
raise
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# TCPServer automatically opens a socket even if bind_and_activate is False.
|
||
|
|
# Close it to silence a ResourceWarning.
|
||
|
|
self.server_close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Use the passed in socket directly.
|
||
|
|
self.socket = socket.fromfd(fd, address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
|
||
|
|
self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if address_family != af_unix:
|
||
|
|
# If port was 0, this will record the bound port.
|
||
|
|
self.port = self.server_address[1]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if ssl_context is not None:
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(ssl_context, tuple):
|
||
|
|
ssl_context = load_ssl_context(*ssl_context)
|
||
|
|
elif ssl_context == "adhoc":
|
||
|
|
ssl_context = generate_adhoc_ssl_context()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.socket = ssl_context.wrap_socket(self.socket, server_side=True)
|
||
|
|
self.ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ssl_context
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
self.ssl_context = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
import importlib.metadata
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._server_version = f"Werkzeug/{importlib.metadata.version('werkzeug')}"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def log(self, type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
|
||
|
|
_log(type, message, *args)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def serve_forever(self, poll_interval: float = 0.5) -> None:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
super().serve_forever(poll_interval=poll_interval)
|
||
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
finally:
|
||
|
|
self.server_close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def handle_error(
|
||
|
|
self, request: t.Any, client_address: tuple[str, int] | str
|
||
|
|
) -> None:
|
||
|
|
if self.passthrough_errors:
|
||
|
|
raise
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return super().handle_error(request, client_address)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def log_startup(self) -> None:
|
||
|
|
"""Show information about the address when starting the server."""
|
||
|
|
dev_warning = (
|
||
|
|
"WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production"
|
||
|
|
" deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead."
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
dev_warning = _ansi_style(dev_warning, "bold", "red")
|
||
|
|
messages = [dev_warning]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self.address_family == af_unix:
|
||
|
|
messages.append(f" * Running on {self.host}")
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
scheme = "http" if self.ssl_context is None else "https"
|
||
|
|
display_hostname = self.host
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self.host in {"0.0.0.0", "::"}:
|
||
|
|
messages.append(f" * Running on all addresses ({self.host})")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self.host == "0.0.0.0":
|
||
|
|
localhost = "127.0.0.1"
|
||
|
|
display_hostname = get_interface_ip(socket.AF_INET)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
localhost = "[::1]"
|
||
|
|
display_hostname = get_interface_ip(socket.AF_INET6)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
messages.append(f" * Running on {scheme}://{localhost}:{self.port}")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if ":" in display_hostname:
|
||
|
|
display_hostname = f"[{display_hostname}]"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
messages.append(f" * Running on {scheme}://{display_hostname}:{self.port}")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
_log("info", "\n".join(messages))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class ThreadedWSGIServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):
|
||
|
|
"""A WSGI server that handles concurrent requests in separate
|
||
|
|
threads.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use :func:`make_server` to create a server instance.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
multithread = True
|
||
|
|
daemon_threads = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class ForkingWSGIServer(ForkingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):
|
||
|
|
"""A WSGI server that handles concurrent requests in separate forked
|
||
|
|
processes.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use :func:`make_server` to create a server instance.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
multiprocess = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __init__(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
host: str,
|
||
|
|
port: int,
|
||
|
|
app: WSGIApplication,
|
||
|
|
processes: int = 40,
|
||
|
|
handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
passthrough_errors: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
|
||
|
|
fd: int | None = None,
|
||
|
|
) -> None:
|
||
|
|
if not can_fork:
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("Your platform does not support forking.")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
super().__init__(host, port, app, handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd)
|
||
|
|
self.max_children = processes
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def make_server(
|
||
|
|
host: str,
|
||
|
|
port: int,
|
||
|
|
app: WSGIApplication,
|
||
|
|
threaded: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
processes: int = 1,
|
||
|
|
request_handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
passthrough_errors: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
|
||
|
|
fd: int | None = None,
|
||
|
|
) -> BaseWSGIServer:
|
||
|
|
"""Create an appropriate WSGI server instance based on the value of
|
||
|
|
``threaded`` and ``processes``.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This is called from :func:`run_simple`, but can be used separately
|
||
|
|
to have access to the server object, such as to run it in a separate
|
||
|
|
thread.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
See :func:`run_simple` for parameter docs.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if threaded and processes > 1:
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("Cannot have a multi-thread and multi-process server.")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if threaded:
|
||
|
|
return ThreadedWSGIServer(
|
||
|
|
host, port, app, request_handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd=fd
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if processes > 1:
|
||
|
|
return ForkingWSGIServer(
|
||
|
|
host,
|
||
|
|
port,
|
||
|
|
app,
|
||
|
|
processes,
|
||
|
|
request_handler,
|
||
|
|
passthrough_errors,
|
||
|
|
ssl_context,
|
||
|
|
fd=fd,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return BaseWSGIServer(
|
||
|
|
host, port, app, request_handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd=fd
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def is_running_from_reloader() -> bool:
|
||
|
|
"""Check if the server is running as a subprocess within the
|
||
|
|
Werkzeug reloader.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.10
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def run_simple(
|
||
|
|
hostname: str,
|
||
|
|
port: int,
|
||
|
|
application: WSGIApplication,
|
||
|
|
use_reloader: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
use_debugger: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
use_evalex: bool = True,
|
||
|
|
extra_files: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
exclude_patterns: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
reloader_interval: int = 1,
|
||
|
|
reloader_type: str = "auto",
|
||
|
|
threaded: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
processes: int = 1,
|
||
|
|
request_handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
static_files: dict[str, str | tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
|
||
|
|
passthrough_errors: bool = False,
|
||
|
|
ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
|
||
|
|
) -> None:
|
||
|
|
"""Start a development server for a WSGI application. Various
|
||
|
|
optional features can be enabled.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. warning::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Do not use the development server when deploying to production.
|
||
|
|
It is intended for use only during local development. It is not
|
||
|
|
designed to be particularly efficient, stable, or secure.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param hostname: The host to bind to, for example ``'localhost'``.
|
||
|
|
Can be a domain, IPv4 or IPv6 address, or file path starting
|
||
|
|
with ``unix://`` for a Unix socket.
|
||
|
|
:param port: The port to bind to, for example ``8080``. Using ``0``
|
||
|
|
tells the OS to pick a random free port.
|
||
|
|
:param application: The WSGI application to run.
|
||
|
|
:param use_reloader: Use a reloader process to restart the server
|
||
|
|
process when files are changed.
|
||
|
|
:param use_debugger: Use Werkzeug's debugger, which will show
|
||
|
|
formatted tracebacks on unhandled exceptions.
|
||
|
|
:param use_evalex: Make the debugger interactive. A Python terminal
|
||
|
|
can be opened for any frame in the traceback. Some protection is
|
||
|
|
provided by requiring a PIN, but this should never be enabled
|
||
|
|
on a publicly visible server.
|
||
|
|
:param extra_files: The reloader will watch these files for changes
|
||
|
|
in addition to Python modules. For example, watch a
|
||
|
|
configuration file.
|
||
|
|
:param exclude_patterns: The reloader will ignore changes to any
|
||
|
|
files matching these :mod:`fnmatch` patterns. For example,
|
||
|
|
ignore cache files.
|
||
|
|
:param reloader_interval: How often the reloader tries to check for
|
||
|
|
changes.
|
||
|
|
:param reloader_type: The reloader to use. The ``'stat'`` reloader
|
||
|
|
is built in, but may require significant CPU to watch files. The
|
||
|
|
``'watchdog'`` reloader is much more efficient but requires
|
||
|
|
installing the ``watchdog`` package first.
|
||
|
|
:param threaded: Handle concurrent requests using threads. Cannot be
|
||
|
|
used with ``processes``.
|
||
|
|
:param processes: Handle concurrent requests using up to this number
|
||
|
|
of processes. Cannot be used with ``threaded``.
|
||
|
|
:param request_handler: Use a different
|
||
|
|
:class:`~BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler` subclass to
|
||
|
|
handle requests.
|
||
|
|
:param static_files: A dict mapping URL prefixes to directories to
|
||
|
|
serve static files from using
|
||
|
|
:class:`~werkzeug.middleware.SharedDataMiddleware`.
|
||
|
|
:param passthrough_errors: Don't catch unhandled exceptions at the
|
||
|
|
server level, let the server crash instead. If ``use_debugger``
|
||
|
|
is enabled, the debugger will still catch such errors.
|
||
|
|
:param ssl_context: Configure TLS to serve over HTTPS. Can be an
|
||
|
|
:class:`ssl.SSLContext` object, a ``(cert_file, key_file)``
|
||
|
|
tuple to create a typical context, or the string ``'adhoc'`` to
|
||
|
|
generate a temporary self-signed certificate.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
|
||
|
|
Instructions are shown for dealing with an "address already in
|
||
|
|
use" error.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
|
||
|
|
Running on ``0.0.0.0`` or ``::`` shows the loopback IP in
|
||
|
|
addition to a real IP.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
|
||
|
|
The command-line interface was removed.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
|
||
|
|
Running on ``0.0.0.0`` or ``::`` shows a real IP address that
|
||
|
|
was bound as well as a warning not to run the development server
|
||
|
|
in production.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
|
||
|
|
The ``exclude_patterns`` parameter was added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.15
|
||
|
|
Bind to a Unix socket by passing a ``hostname`` that starts with
|
||
|
|
``unix://``.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.10
|
||
|
|
Improved the reloader and added support for changing the backend
|
||
|
|
through the ``reloader_type`` parameter.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
|
||
|
|
A command-line interface was added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
|
||
|
|
``ssl_context`` can be a tuple of paths to the certificate and
|
||
|
|
private key files.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6
|
||
|
|
The ``ssl_context`` parameter was added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
|
||
|
|
The ``static_files`` and ``passthrough_errors`` parameters were
|
||
|
|
added.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if not isinstance(port, int):
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError("port must be an integer")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if static_files:
|
||
|
|
from .middleware.shared_data import SharedDataMiddleware
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
application = SharedDataMiddleware(application, static_files)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if use_debugger:
|
||
|
|
from .debug import DebuggedApplication
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
application = DebuggedApplication(application, evalex=use_evalex)
|
||
|
|
# Allow the specified hostname to use the debugger, in addition to
|
||
|
|
# localhost domains.
|
||
|
|
application.trusted_hosts.append(hostname)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not is_running_from_reloader():
|
||
|
|
fd = None
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
fd = int(os.environ["WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD"])
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
srv = make_server(
|
||
|
|
hostname,
|
||
|
|
port,
|
||
|
|
application,
|
||
|
|
threaded,
|
||
|
|
processes,
|
||
|
|
request_handler,
|
||
|
|
passthrough_errors,
|
||
|
|
ssl_context,
|
||
|
|
fd=fd,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
srv.socket.set_inheritable(True)
|
||
|
|
os.environ["WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD"] = str(srv.fileno())
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not is_running_from_reloader():
|
||
|
|
srv.log_startup()
|
||
|
|
_log("info", _ansi_style("Press CTRL+C to quit", "yellow"))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if use_reloader:
|
||
|
|
from ._reloader import run_with_reloader
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
run_with_reloader(
|
||
|
|
srv.serve_forever,
|
||
|
|
extra_files=extra_files,
|
||
|
|
exclude_patterns=exclude_patterns,
|
||
|
|
interval=reloader_interval,
|
||
|
|
reloader_type=reloader_type,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
finally:
|
||
|
|
srv.server_close()
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
srv.serve_forever()
|