import math import warnings import numbers import weakref from typing import List, Tuple, Optional, overload import torch from torch import Tensor from .module import Module from ..parameter import Parameter from ..utils.rnn import PackedSequence from .. import init from ... import _VF __all__ = ['RNNBase', 'RNN', 'LSTM', 'GRU', 'RNNCellBase', 'RNNCell', 'LSTMCell', 'GRUCell'] _rnn_impls = { 'RNN_TANH': _VF.rnn_tanh, 'RNN_RELU': _VF.rnn_relu, } def _apply_permutation(tensor: Tensor, permutation: Tensor, dim: int = 1) -> Tensor: return tensor.index_select(dim, permutation) def apply_permutation(tensor: Tensor, permutation: Tensor, dim: int = 1) -> Tensor: warnings.warn("apply_permutation is deprecated, please use tensor.index_select(dim, permutation) instead") return _apply_permutation(tensor, permutation, dim) class RNNBase(Module): r"""Base class for RNN modules (RNN, LSTM, GRU). Implements aspects of RNNs shared by the RNN, LSTM, and GRU classes, such as module initialization and utility methods for parameter storage management. .. note:: The forward method is not implemented by the RNNBase class. .. note:: LSTM and GRU classes override some methods implemented by RNNBase. """ __constants__ = ['mode', 'input_size', 'hidden_size', 'num_layers', 'bias', 'batch_first', 'dropout', 'bidirectional', 'proj_size'] __jit_unused_properties__ = ['all_weights'] mode: str input_size: int hidden_size: int num_layers: int bias: bool batch_first: bool dropout: float bidirectional: bool proj_size: int def __init__(self, mode: str, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, num_layers: int = 1, bias: bool = True, batch_first: bool = False, dropout: float = 0., bidirectional: bool = False, proj_size: int = 0, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: factory_kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': dtype} super().__init__() self.mode = mode self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.num_layers = num_layers self.bias = bias self.batch_first = batch_first self.dropout = float(dropout) self.bidirectional = bidirectional self.proj_size = proj_size self._flat_weight_refs: List[Optional[weakref.ReferenceType[Parameter]]] = [] num_directions = 2 if bidirectional else 1 if not isinstance(dropout, numbers.Number) or not 0 <= dropout <= 1 or \ isinstance(dropout, bool): raise ValueError("dropout should be a number in range [0, 1] " "representing the probability of an element being " "zeroed") if dropout > 0 and num_layers == 1: warnings.warn("dropout option adds dropout after all but last " "recurrent layer, so non-zero dropout expects " f"num_layers greater than 1, but got dropout={dropout} and " f"num_layers={num_layers}") if not isinstance(hidden_size, int): raise TypeError(f"hidden_size should be of type int, got: {type(hidden_size).__name__}") if hidden_size <= 0: raise ValueError("hidden_size must be greater than zero") if num_layers <= 0: raise ValueError("num_layers must be greater than zero") if proj_size < 0: raise ValueError("proj_size should be a positive integer or zero to disable projections") if proj_size >= hidden_size: raise ValueError("proj_size has to be smaller than hidden_size") if mode == 'LSTM': gate_size = 4 * hidden_size elif mode == 'GRU': gate_size = 3 * hidden_size elif mode == 'RNN_TANH': gate_size = hidden_size elif mode == 'RNN_RELU': gate_size = hidden_size else: raise ValueError("Unrecognized RNN mode: " + mode) self._flat_weights_names = [] self._all_weights = [] for layer in range(num_layers): for direction in range(num_directions): real_hidden_size = proj_size if proj_size > 0 else hidden_size layer_input_size = input_size if layer == 0 else real_hidden_size * num_directions w_ih = Parameter(torch.empty((gate_size, layer_input_size), **factory_kwargs)) w_hh = Parameter(torch.empty((gate_size, real_hidden_size), **factory_kwargs)) b_ih = Parameter(torch.empty(gate_size, **factory_kwargs)) # Second bias vector included for CuDNN compatibility. Only one # bias vector is needed in standard definition. b_hh = Parameter(torch.empty(gate_size, **factory_kwargs)) layer_params: Tuple[Tensor, ...] = () if self.proj_size == 0: if bias: layer_params = (w_ih, w_hh, b_ih, b_hh) else: layer_params = (w_ih, w_hh) else: w_hr = Parameter(torch.empty((proj_size, hidden_size), **factory_kwargs)) if bias: layer_params = (w_ih, w_hh, b_ih, b_hh, w_hr) else: layer_params = (w_ih, w_hh, w_hr) suffix = '_reverse' if direction == 1 else '' param_names = ['weight_ih_l{}{}', 'weight_hh_l{}{}'] if bias: param_names += ['bias_ih_l{}{}', 'bias_hh_l{}{}'] if self.proj_size > 0: param_names += ['weight_hr_l{}{}'] param_names = [x.format(layer, suffix) for x in param_names] for name, param in zip(param_names, layer_params): setattr(self, name, param) self._flat_weights_names.extend(param_names) self._all_weights.append(param_names) self._init_flat_weights() self.reset_parameters() def _init_flat_weights(self): self._flat_weights = [getattr(self, wn) if hasattr(self, wn) else None for wn in self._flat_weights_names] self._flat_weight_refs = [weakref.ref(w) if w is not None else None for w in self._flat_weights] self.flatten_parameters() def __setattr__(self, attr, value): if hasattr(self, "_flat_weights_names") and attr in self._flat_weights_names: # keep self._flat_weights up to date if you do self.weight = ... idx = self._flat_weights_names.index(attr) self._flat_weights[idx] = value super().__setattr__(attr, value) def flatten_parameters(self) -> None: """Reset parameter data pointer so that they can use faster code paths. Right now, this works only if the module is on the GPU and cuDNN is enabled. Otherwise, it's a no-op. """ # Short-circuits if _flat_weights is only partially instantiated if len(self._flat_weights) != len(self._flat_weights_names): return for w in self._flat_weights: if not isinstance(w, Tensor): return # Short-circuits if any tensor in self._flat_weights is not acceptable to cuDNN # or the tensors in _flat_weights are of different dtypes first_fw = self._flat_weights[0] dtype = first_fw.dtype for fw in self._flat_weights: if (not isinstance(fw.data, Tensor) or not (fw.data.dtype == dtype) or not fw.data.is_cuda or not torch.backends.cudnn.is_acceptable(fw.data)): return # If any parameters alias, we fall back to the slower, copying code path. This is # a sufficient check, because overlapping parameter buffers that don't completely # alias would break the assumptions of the uniqueness check in # Module.named_parameters(). unique_data_ptrs = {p.data_ptr() for p in self._flat_weights} if len(unique_data_ptrs) != len(self._flat_weights): return with torch.cuda.device_of(first_fw): import torch.backends.cudnn.rnn as rnn # Note: no_grad() is necessary since _cudnn_rnn_flatten_weight is # an inplace operation on self._flat_weights with torch.no_grad(): if torch._use_cudnn_rnn_flatten_weight(): num_weights = 4 if self.bias else 2 if self.proj_size > 0: num_weights += 1 torch._cudnn_rnn_flatten_weight( self._flat_weights, num_weights, self.input_size, rnn.get_cudnn_mode(self.mode), self.hidden_size, self.proj_size, self.num_layers, self.batch_first, bool(self.bidirectional)) def _apply(self, fn, recurse=True): self._flat_weight_refs = [] ret = super()._apply(fn, recurse) # Resets _flat_weights # Note: be v. careful before removing this, as 3rd party device types # likely rely on this behavior to properly .to() modules like LSTM. self._init_flat_weights() return ret def reset_parameters(self) -> None: stdv = 1.0 / math.sqrt(self.hidden_size) if self.hidden_size > 0 else 0 for weight in self.parameters(): init.uniform_(weight, -stdv, stdv) def check_input(self, input: Tensor, batch_sizes: Optional[Tensor]) -> None: if not torch.jit.is_scripting(): if input.dtype != self._flat_weights[0].dtype and not torch._C._is_any_autocast_enabled(): raise ValueError(f'input must have the type {self._flat_weights[0].dtype}, got type {input.dtype}') expected_input_dim = 2 if batch_sizes is not None else 3 if input.dim() != expected_input_dim: raise RuntimeError( f'input must have {expected_input_dim} dimensions, got {input.dim()}') if self.input_size != input.size(-1): raise RuntimeError( f'input.size(-1) must be equal to input_size. Expected {self.input_size}, got {input.size(-1)}') def get_expected_hidden_size(self, input: Tensor, batch_sizes: Optional[Tensor]) -> Tuple[int, int, int]: if batch_sizes is not None: mini_batch = int(batch_sizes[0]) else: mini_batch = input.size(0) if self.batch_first else input.size(1) num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 if self.proj_size > 0: expected_hidden_size = (self.num_layers * num_directions, mini_batch, self.proj_size) else: expected_hidden_size = (self.num_layers * num_directions, mini_batch, self.hidden_size) return expected_hidden_size def check_hidden_size(self, hx: Tensor, expected_hidden_size: Tuple[int, int, int], msg: str = 'Expected hidden size {}, got {}') -> None: if hx.size() != expected_hidden_size: raise RuntimeError(msg.format(expected_hidden_size, list(hx.size()))) def _weights_have_changed(self): # Returns True if the weight tensors have changed since the last forward pass. # This is the case when used with torch.func.functional_call(), for example. weights_changed = False for ref, name in zip(self._flat_weight_refs, self._flat_weights_names): weight = getattr(self, name) if hasattr(self, name) else None if weight is not None and ref is not None and ref() is not weight: weights_changed = True break return weights_changed def check_forward_args(self, input: Tensor, hidden: Tensor, batch_sizes: Optional[Tensor]): self.check_input(input, batch_sizes) expected_hidden_size = self.get_expected_hidden_size(input, batch_sizes) self.check_hidden_size(hidden, expected_hidden_size) def permute_hidden(self, hx: Tensor, permutation: Optional[Tensor]): if permutation is None: return hx return _apply_permutation(hx, permutation) def extra_repr(self) -> str: s = '{input_size}, {hidden_size}' if self.proj_size != 0: s += ', proj_size={proj_size}' if self.num_layers != 1: s += ', num_layers={num_layers}' if self.bias is not True: s += ', bias={bias}' if self.batch_first is not False: s += ', batch_first={batch_first}' if self.dropout != 0: s += ', dropout={dropout}' if self.bidirectional is not False: s += ', bidirectional={bidirectional}' return s.format(**self.__dict__) def _update_flat_weights(self): if not torch.jit.is_scripting(): if self._weights_have_changed(): self._init_flat_weights() def __getstate__(self): # If weights have been changed, update the _flat_weights in __getstate__ here. self._update_flat_weights() # Don't serialize the weight references. state = self.__dict__.copy() del state['_flat_weight_refs'] return state def __setstate__(self, d): super().__setstate__(d) if 'all_weights' in d: self._all_weights = d['all_weights'] # In PyTorch 1.8 we added a proj_size member variable to LSTM. # LSTMs that were serialized via torch.save(module) before PyTorch 1.8 # don't have it, so to preserve compatibility we set proj_size here. if 'proj_size' not in d: self.proj_size = 0 if not isinstance(self._all_weights[0][0], str): num_layers = self.num_layers num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 self._flat_weights_names = [] self._all_weights = [] for layer in range(num_layers): for direction in range(num_directions): suffix = '_reverse' if direction == 1 else '' weights = ['weight_ih_l{}{}', 'weight_hh_l{}{}', 'bias_ih_l{}{}', 'bias_hh_l{}{}', 'weight_hr_l{}{}'] weights = [x.format(layer, suffix) for x in weights] if self.bias: if self.proj_size > 0: self._all_weights += [weights] self._flat_weights_names.extend(weights) else: self._all_weights += [weights[:4]] self._flat_weights_names.extend(weights[:4]) else: if self.proj_size > 0: self._all_weights += [weights[:2]] + [weights[-1:]] self._flat_weights_names.extend(weights[:2] + [weights[-1:]]) else: self._all_weights += [weights[:2]] self._flat_weights_names.extend(weights[:2]) self._flat_weights = [getattr(self, wn) if hasattr(self, wn) else None for wn in self._flat_weights_names] self._flat_weight_refs = [weakref.ref(w) if w is not None else None for w in self._flat_weights] @property def all_weights(self) -> List[List[Parameter]]: return [[getattr(self, weight) for weight in weights] for weights in self._all_weights] def _replicate_for_data_parallel(self): replica = super()._replicate_for_data_parallel() # Need to copy these caches, otherwise the replica will share the same # flat weights list. replica._flat_weights = replica._flat_weights[:] replica._flat_weights_names = replica._flat_weights_names[:] return replica class RNN(RNNBase): r"""__init__(input_size,hidden_size,num_layers=1,nonlinearity='tanh',bias=True,batch_first=False,dropout=0.0,bidirectional=False,device=None,dtype=None) Apply a multi-layer Elman RNN with :math:`\tanh` or :math:`\text{ReLU}` non-linearity to an input sequence. For each element in the input sequence, each layer computes the following function: .. math:: h_t = \tanh(x_t W_{ih}^T + b_{ih} + h_{t-1}W_{hh}^T + b_{hh}) where :math:`h_t` is the hidden state at time `t`, :math:`x_t` is the input at time `t`, and :math:`h_{(t-1)}` is the hidden state of the previous layer at time `t-1` or the initial hidden state at time `0`. If :attr:`nonlinearity` is ``'relu'``, then :math:`\text{ReLU}` is used instead of :math:`\tanh`. .. code-block:: python # Efficient implementation equivalent to the following with bidirectional=False def forward(x, h_0=None): if batch_first: x = x.transpose(0, 1) seq_len, batch_size, _ = x.size() if h_0 is None: h_0 = torch.zeros(num_layers, batch_size, hidden_size) h_t_minus_1 = h_0 h_t = h_0 output = [] for t in range(seq_len): for layer in range(num_layers): h_t[layer] = torch.tanh( x[t] @ weight_ih[layer].T + bias_ih[layer] + h_t_minus_1[layer] @ weight_hh[layer].T + bias_hh[layer] ) output.append(h_t[-1]) h_t_minus_1 = h_t output = torch.stack(output) if batch_first: output = output.transpose(0, 1) return output, h_t Args: input_size: The number of expected features in the input `x` hidden_size: The number of features in the hidden state `h` num_layers: Number of recurrent layers. E.g., setting ``num_layers=2`` would mean stacking two RNNs together to form a `stacked RNN`, with the second RNN taking in outputs of the first RNN and computing the final results. Default: 1 nonlinearity: The non-linearity to use. Can be either ``'tanh'`` or ``'relu'``. Default: ``'tanh'`` bias: If ``False``, then the layer does not use bias weights `b_ih` and `b_hh`. Default: ``True`` batch_first: If ``True``, then the input and output tensors are provided as `(batch, seq, feature)` instead of `(seq, batch, feature)`. Note that this does not apply to hidden or cell states. See the Inputs/Outputs sections below for details. Default: ``False`` dropout: If non-zero, introduces a `Dropout` layer on the outputs of each RNN layer except the last layer, with dropout probability equal to :attr:`dropout`. Default: 0 bidirectional: If ``True``, becomes a bidirectional RNN. Default: ``False`` Inputs: input, h_0 * **input**: tensor of shape :math:`(L, H_{in})` for unbatched input, :math:`(L, N, H_{in})` when ``batch_first=False`` or :math:`(N, L, H_{in})` when ``batch_first=True`` containing the features of the input sequence. The input can also be a packed variable length sequence. See :func:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_padded_sequence` or :func:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_sequence` for details. * **h_0**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{out})` for unbatched input or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{out})` containing the initial hidden state for the input sequence batch. Defaults to zeros if not provided. where: .. math:: \begin{aligned} N ={} & \text{batch size} \\ L ={} & \text{sequence length} \\ D ={} & 2 \text{ if bidirectional=True otherwise } 1 \\ H_{in} ={} & \text{input\_size} \\ H_{out} ={} & \text{hidden\_size} \end{aligned} Outputs: output, h_n * **output**: tensor of shape :math:`(L, D * H_{out})` for unbatched input, :math:`(L, N, D * H_{out})` when ``batch_first=False`` or :math:`(N, L, D * H_{out})` when ``batch_first=True`` containing the output features `(h_t)` from the last layer of the RNN, for each `t`. If a :class:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.PackedSequence` has been given as the input, the output will also be a packed sequence. * **h_n**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{out})` for unbatched input or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{out})` containing the final hidden state for each element in the batch. Attributes: weight_ih_l[k]: the learnable input-hidden weights of the k-th layer, of shape `(hidden_size, input_size)` for `k = 0`. Otherwise, the shape is `(hidden_size, num_directions * hidden_size)` weight_hh_l[k]: the learnable hidden-hidden weights of the k-th layer, of shape `(hidden_size, hidden_size)` bias_ih_l[k]: the learnable input-hidden bias of the k-th layer, of shape `(hidden_size)` bias_hh_l[k]: the learnable hidden-hidden bias of the k-th layer, of shape `(hidden_size)` .. note:: All the weights and biases are initialized from :math:`\mathcal{U}(-\sqrt{k}, \sqrt{k})` where :math:`k = \frac{1}{\text{hidden\_size}}` .. note:: For bidirectional RNNs, forward and backward are directions 0 and 1 respectively. Example of splitting the output layers when ``batch_first=False``: ``output.view(seq_len, batch, num_directions, hidden_size)``. .. note:: ``batch_first`` argument is ignored for unbatched inputs. .. include:: ../cudnn_rnn_determinism.rst .. include:: ../cudnn_persistent_rnn.rst Examples:: >>> rnn = nn.RNN(10, 20, 2) >>> input = torch.randn(5, 3, 10) >>> h0 = torch.randn(2, 3, 20) >>> output, hn = rnn(input, h0) """ @overload def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, num_layers: int = 1, nonlinearity: str = 'tanh', bias: bool = True, batch_first: bool = False, dropout: float = 0., bidirectional: bool = False, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: ... @overload def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): ... def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if 'proj_size' in kwargs: raise ValueError("proj_size argument is only supported for LSTM, not RNN or GRU") if len(args) > 3: self.nonlinearity = args[3] args = args[:3] + args[4:] else: self.nonlinearity = kwargs.pop('nonlinearity', 'tanh') if self.nonlinearity == 'tanh': mode = 'RNN_TANH' elif self.nonlinearity == 'relu': mode = 'RNN_RELU' else: raise ValueError(f"Unknown nonlinearity '{self.nonlinearity}'. Select from 'tanh' or 'relu'.") super().__init__(mode, *args, **kwargs) @overload @torch._jit_internal._overload_method # noqa: F811 def forward(self, input: Tensor, hx: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: pass @overload @torch._jit_internal._overload_method # noqa: F811 def forward(self, input: PackedSequence, hx: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tuple[PackedSequence, Tensor]: pass def forward(self, input, hx=None): # noqa: F811 self._update_flat_weights() num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 orig_input = input if isinstance(orig_input, PackedSequence): input, batch_sizes, sorted_indices, unsorted_indices = input max_batch_size = batch_sizes[0] # script() is unhappy when max_batch_size is different type in cond branches, so we duplicate if hx is None: hx = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) else: # Each batch of the hidden state should match the input sequence that # the user believes he/she is passing in. hx = self.permute_hidden(hx, sorted_indices) else: batch_sizes = None if input.dim() not in (2, 3): raise ValueError(f"RNN: Expected input to be 2D or 3D, got {input.dim()}D tensor instead") is_batched = input.dim() == 3 batch_dim = 0 if self.batch_first else 1 if not is_batched: input = input.unsqueeze(batch_dim) if hx is not None: if hx.dim() != 2: raise RuntimeError( f"For unbatched 2-D input, hx should also be 2-D but got {hx.dim()}-D tensor") hx = hx.unsqueeze(1) else: if hx is not None and hx.dim() != 3: raise RuntimeError( f"For batched 3-D input, hx should also be 3-D but got {hx.dim()}-D tensor") max_batch_size = input.size(0) if self.batch_first else input.size(1) sorted_indices = None unsorted_indices = None if hx is None: hx = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) else: # Each batch of the hidden state should match the input sequence that # the user believes he/she is passing in. hx = self.permute_hidden(hx, sorted_indices) assert hx is not None self.check_forward_args(input, hx, batch_sizes) assert self.mode == 'RNN_TANH' or self.mode == 'RNN_RELU' if batch_sizes is None: if self.mode == 'RNN_TANH': result = _VF.rnn_tanh(input, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional, self.batch_first) else: result = _VF.rnn_relu(input, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional, self.batch_first) else: if self.mode == 'RNN_TANH': result = _VF.rnn_tanh(input, batch_sizes, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional) else: result = _VF.rnn_relu(input, batch_sizes, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional) output = result[0] hidden = result[1] if isinstance(orig_input, PackedSequence): output_packed = PackedSequence(output, batch_sizes, sorted_indices, unsorted_indices) return output_packed, self.permute_hidden(hidden, unsorted_indices) if not is_batched: # type: ignore[possibly-undefined] output = output.squeeze(batch_dim) # type: ignore[possibly-undefined] hidden = hidden.squeeze(1) return output, self.permute_hidden(hidden, unsorted_indices) # XXX: LSTM and GRU implementation is different from RNNBase, this is because: # 1. we want to support nn.LSTM and nn.GRU in TorchScript and TorchScript in # its current state could not support the python Union Type or Any Type # 2. TorchScript static typing does not allow a Function or Callable type in # Dict values, so we have to separately call _VF instead of using _rnn_impls # 3. This is temporary only and in the transition state that we want to make it # on time for the release # # More discussion details in https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/23266 # # TODO: remove the overriding implementations for LSTM and GRU when TorchScript # support expressing these two modules generally. class LSTM(RNNBase): r"""__init__(input_size,hidden_size,num_layers=1,bias=True,batch_first=False,dropout=0.0,bidirectional=False,proj_size=0,device=None,dtype=None) Apply a multi-layer long short-term memory (LSTM) RNN to an input sequence. For each element in the input sequence, each layer computes the following function: .. math:: \begin{array}{ll} \\ i_t = \sigma(W_{ii} x_t + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h_{t-1} + b_{hi}) \\ f_t = \sigma(W_{if} x_t + b_{if} + W_{hf} h_{t-1} + b_{hf}) \\ g_t = \tanh(W_{ig} x_t + b_{ig} + W_{hg} h_{t-1} + b_{hg}) \\ o_t = \sigma(W_{io} x_t + b_{io} + W_{ho} h_{t-1} + b_{ho}) \\ c_t = f_t \odot c_{t-1} + i_t \odot g_t \\ h_t = o_t \odot \tanh(c_t) \\ \end{array} where :math:`h_t` is the hidden state at time `t`, :math:`c_t` is the cell state at time `t`, :math:`x_t` is the input at time `t`, :math:`h_{t-1}` is the hidden state of the layer at time `t-1` or the initial hidden state at time `0`, and :math:`i_t`, :math:`f_t`, :math:`g_t`, :math:`o_t` are the input, forget, cell, and output gates, respectively. :math:`\sigma` is the sigmoid function, and :math:`\odot` is the Hadamard product. In a multilayer LSTM, the input :math:`x^{(l)}_t` of the :math:`l` -th layer (:math:`l \ge 2`) is the hidden state :math:`h^{(l-1)}_t` of the previous layer multiplied by dropout :math:`\delta^{(l-1)}_t` where each :math:`\delta^{(l-1)}_t` is a Bernoulli random variable which is :math:`0` with probability :attr:`dropout`. If ``proj_size > 0`` is specified, LSTM with projections will be used. This changes the LSTM cell in the following way. First, the dimension of :math:`h_t` will be changed from ``hidden_size`` to ``proj_size`` (dimensions of :math:`W_{hi}` will be changed accordingly). Second, the output hidden state of each layer will be multiplied by a learnable projection matrix: :math:`h_t = W_{hr}h_t`. Note that as a consequence of this, the output of LSTM network will be of different shape as well. See Inputs/Outputs sections below for exact dimensions of all variables. You can find more details in https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.1128. Args: input_size: The number of expected features in the input `x` hidden_size: The number of features in the hidden state `h` num_layers: Number of recurrent layers. E.g., setting ``num_layers=2`` would mean stacking two LSTMs together to form a `stacked LSTM`, with the second LSTM taking in outputs of the first LSTM and computing the final results. Default: 1 bias: If ``False``, then the layer does not use bias weights `b_ih` and `b_hh`. Default: ``True`` batch_first: If ``True``, then the input and output tensors are provided as `(batch, seq, feature)` instead of `(seq, batch, feature)`. Note that this does not apply to hidden or cell states. See the Inputs/Outputs sections below for details. Default: ``False`` dropout: If non-zero, introduces a `Dropout` layer on the outputs of each LSTM layer except the last layer, with dropout probability equal to :attr:`dropout`. Default: 0 bidirectional: If ``True``, becomes a bidirectional LSTM. Default: ``False`` proj_size: If ``> 0``, will use LSTM with projections of corresponding size. Default: 0 Inputs: input, (h_0, c_0) * **input**: tensor of shape :math:`(L, H_{in})` for unbatched input, :math:`(L, N, H_{in})` when ``batch_first=False`` or :math:`(N, L, H_{in})` when ``batch_first=True`` containing the features of the input sequence. The input can also be a packed variable length sequence. See :func:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_padded_sequence` or :func:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_sequence` for details. * **h_0**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{out})` for unbatched input or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{out})` containing the initial hidden state for each element in the input sequence. Defaults to zeros if (h_0, c_0) is not provided. * **c_0**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{cell})` for unbatched input or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{cell})` containing the initial cell state for each element in the input sequence. Defaults to zeros if (h_0, c_0) is not provided. where: .. math:: \begin{aligned} N ={} & \text{batch size} \\ L ={} & \text{sequence length} \\ D ={} & 2 \text{ if bidirectional=True otherwise } 1 \\ H_{in} ={} & \text{input\_size} \\ H_{cell} ={} & \text{hidden\_size} \\ H_{out} ={} & \text{proj\_size if } \text{proj\_size}>0 \text{ otherwise hidden\_size} \\ \end{aligned} Outputs: output, (h_n, c_n) * **output**: tensor of shape :math:`(L, D * H_{out})` for unbatched input, :math:`(L, N, D * H_{out})` when ``batch_first=False`` or :math:`(N, L, D * H_{out})` when ``batch_first=True`` containing the output features `(h_t)` from the last layer of the LSTM, for each `t`. If a :class:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.PackedSequence` has been given as the input, the output will also be a packed sequence. When ``bidirectional=True``, `output` will contain a concatenation of the forward and reverse hidden states at each time step in the sequence. * **h_n**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{out})` for unbatched input or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{out})` containing the final hidden state for each element in the sequence. When ``bidirectional=True``, `h_n` will contain a concatenation of the final forward and reverse hidden states, respectively. * **c_n**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{cell})` for unbatched input or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{cell})` containing the final cell state for each element in the sequence. When ``bidirectional=True``, `c_n` will contain a concatenation of the final forward and reverse cell states, respectively. Attributes: weight_ih_l[k] : the learnable input-hidden weights of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer `(W_ii|W_if|W_ig|W_io)`, of shape `(4*hidden_size, input_size)` for `k = 0`. Otherwise, the shape is `(4*hidden_size, num_directions * hidden_size)`. If ``proj_size > 0`` was specified, the shape will be `(4*hidden_size, num_directions * proj_size)` for `k > 0` weight_hh_l[k] : the learnable hidden-hidden weights of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer `(W_hi|W_hf|W_hg|W_ho)`, of shape `(4*hidden_size, hidden_size)`. If ``proj_size > 0`` was specified, the shape will be `(4*hidden_size, proj_size)`. bias_ih_l[k] : the learnable input-hidden bias of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer `(b_ii|b_if|b_ig|b_io)`, of shape `(4*hidden_size)` bias_hh_l[k] : the learnable hidden-hidden bias of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer `(b_hi|b_hf|b_hg|b_ho)`, of shape `(4*hidden_size)` weight_hr_l[k] : the learnable projection weights of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer of shape `(proj_size, hidden_size)`. Only present when ``proj_size > 0`` was specified. weight_ih_l[k]_reverse: Analogous to `weight_ih_l[k]` for the reverse direction. Only present when ``bidirectional=True``. weight_hh_l[k]_reverse: Analogous to `weight_hh_l[k]` for the reverse direction. Only present when ``bidirectional=True``. bias_ih_l[k]_reverse: Analogous to `bias_ih_l[k]` for the reverse direction. Only present when ``bidirectional=True``. bias_hh_l[k]_reverse: Analogous to `bias_hh_l[k]` for the reverse direction. Only present when ``bidirectional=True``. weight_hr_l[k]_reverse: Analogous to `weight_hr_l[k]` for the reverse direction. Only present when ``bidirectional=True`` and ``proj_size > 0`` was specified. .. note:: All the weights and biases are initialized from :math:`\mathcal{U}(-\sqrt{k}, \sqrt{k})` where :math:`k = \frac{1}{\text{hidden\_size}}` .. note:: For bidirectional LSTMs, forward and backward are directions 0 and 1 respectively. Example of splitting the output layers when ``batch_first=False``: ``output.view(seq_len, batch, num_directions, hidden_size)``. .. note:: For bidirectional LSTMs, `h_n` is not equivalent to the last element of `output`; the former contains the final forward and reverse hidden states, while the latter contains the final forward hidden state and the initial reverse hidden state. .. note:: ``batch_first`` argument is ignored for unbatched inputs. .. note:: ``proj_size`` should be smaller than ``hidden_size``. .. include:: ../cudnn_rnn_determinism.rst .. include:: ../cudnn_persistent_rnn.rst Examples:: >>> rnn = nn.LSTM(10, 20, 2) >>> input = torch.randn(5, 3, 10) >>> h0 = torch.randn(2, 3, 20) >>> c0 = torch.randn(2, 3, 20) >>> output, (hn, cn) = rnn(input, (h0, c0)) """ @overload def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, num_layers: int = 1, bias: bool = True, batch_first: bool = False, dropout: float = 0., bidirectional: bool = False, proj_size: int = 0, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: ... @overload def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): ... def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__('LSTM', *args, **kwargs) def get_expected_cell_size(self, input: Tensor, batch_sizes: Optional[Tensor]) -> Tuple[int, int, int]: if batch_sizes is not None: mini_batch = int(batch_sizes[0]) else: mini_batch = input.size(0) if self.batch_first else input.size(1) num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 expected_hidden_size = (self.num_layers * num_directions, mini_batch, self.hidden_size) return expected_hidden_size # In the future, we should prevent mypy from applying contravariance rules here. # See torch/nn/modules/module.py::_forward_unimplemented def check_forward_args(self, # type: ignore[override] input: Tensor, hidden: Tuple[Tensor, Tensor], batch_sizes: Optional[Tensor], ): self.check_input(input, batch_sizes) self.check_hidden_size(hidden[0], self.get_expected_hidden_size(input, batch_sizes), 'Expected hidden[0] size {}, got {}') self.check_hidden_size(hidden[1], self.get_expected_cell_size(input, batch_sizes), 'Expected hidden[1] size {}, got {}') # Same as above, see torch/nn/modules/module.py::_forward_unimplemented def permute_hidden(self, # type: ignore[override] hx: Tuple[Tensor, Tensor], permutation: Optional[Tensor] ) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: if permutation is None: return hx return _apply_permutation(hx[0], permutation), _apply_permutation(hx[1], permutation) # Same as above, see torch/nn/modules/module.py::_forward_unimplemented @overload # type: ignore[override] @torch._jit_internal._overload_method # noqa: F811 def forward(self, input: Tensor, hx: Optional[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]] = None ) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]]: # noqa: F811 pass # Same as above, see torch/nn/modules/module.py::_forward_unimplemented @overload @torch._jit_internal._overload_method # noqa: F811 def forward(self, input: PackedSequence, hx: Optional[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]] = None ) -> Tuple[PackedSequence, Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]]: # noqa: F811 pass def forward(self, input, hx=None): # noqa: F811 self._update_flat_weights() orig_input = input # xxx: isinstance check needs to be in conditional for TorchScript to compile batch_sizes = None do_permute = False num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 real_hidden_size = self.proj_size if self.proj_size > 0 else self.hidden_size if isinstance(orig_input, PackedSequence): input, batch_sizes, sorted_indices, unsorted_indices = input max_batch_size = batch_sizes[0] if hx is None: h_zeros = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, real_hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) c_zeros = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) hx = (h_zeros, c_zeros) else: # Each batch of the hidden state should match the input sequence that # the user believes he/she is passing in. hx = self.permute_hidden(hx, sorted_indices) else: if input.dim() not in (2, 3): raise ValueError(f"LSTM: Expected input to be 2D or 3D, got {input.dim()}D instead") is_batched = input.dim() == 3 batch_dim = 0 if self.batch_first else 1 if not is_batched: input = input.unsqueeze(batch_dim) max_batch_size = input.size(0) if self.batch_first else input.size(1) sorted_indices = None unsorted_indices = None if hx is None: h_zeros = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, real_hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) c_zeros = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) hx = (h_zeros, c_zeros) self.check_forward_args(input, hx, batch_sizes) else: if is_batched: if (hx[0].dim() != 3 or hx[1].dim() != 3): msg = ("For batched 3-D input, hx and cx should " f"also be 3-D but got ({hx[0].dim()}-D, {hx[1].dim()}-D) tensors") raise RuntimeError(msg) else: if hx[0].dim() != 2 or hx[1].dim() != 2: msg = ("For unbatched 2-D input, hx and cx should " f"also be 2-D but got ({hx[0].dim()}-D, {hx[1].dim()}-D) tensors") raise RuntimeError(msg) hx = (hx[0].unsqueeze(1), hx[1].unsqueeze(1)) # Each batch of the hidden state should match the input sequence that # the user believes he/she is passing in. self.check_forward_args(input, hx, batch_sizes) hx = self.permute_hidden(hx, sorted_indices) if batch_sizes is None: result = _VF.lstm(input, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional, self.batch_first) else: result = _VF.lstm(input, batch_sizes, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional) output = result[0] hidden = result[1:] # xxx: isinstance check needs to be in conditional for TorchScript to compile if isinstance(orig_input, PackedSequence): output_packed = PackedSequence(output, batch_sizes, sorted_indices, unsorted_indices) return output_packed, self.permute_hidden(hidden, unsorted_indices) else: if not is_batched: # type: ignore[possibly-undefined] output = output.squeeze(batch_dim) # type: ignore[possibly-undefined] hidden = (hidden[0].squeeze(1), hidden[1].squeeze(1)) return output, self.permute_hidden(hidden, unsorted_indices) class GRU(RNNBase): r"""__init__(input_size,hidden_size,num_layers=1,bias=True,batch_first=False,dropout=0.0,bidirectional=False,device=None,dtype=None) Apply a multi-layer gated recurrent unit (GRU) RNN to an input sequence. For each element in the input sequence, each layer computes the following function: .. math:: \begin{array}{ll} r_t = \sigma(W_{ir} x_t + b_{ir} + W_{hr} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hr}) \\ z_t = \sigma(W_{iz} x_t + b_{iz} + W_{hz} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hz}) \\ n_t = \tanh(W_{in} x_t + b_{in} + r_t \odot (W_{hn} h_{(t-1)}+ b_{hn})) \\ h_t = (1 - z_t) \odot n_t + z_t \odot h_{(t-1)} \end{array} where :math:`h_t` is the hidden state at time `t`, :math:`x_t` is the input at time `t`, :math:`h_{(t-1)}` is the hidden state of the layer at time `t-1` or the initial hidden state at time `0`, and :math:`r_t`, :math:`z_t`, :math:`n_t` are the reset, update, and new gates, respectively. :math:`\sigma` is the sigmoid function, and :math:`\odot` is the Hadamard product. In a multilayer GRU, the input :math:`x^{(l)}_t` of the :math:`l` -th layer (:math:`l \ge 2`) is the hidden state :math:`h^{(l-1)}_t` of the previous layer multiplied by dropout :math:`\delta^{(l-1)}_t` where each :math:`\delta^{(l-1)}_t` is a Bernoulli random variable which is :math:`0` with probability :attr:`dropout`. Args: input_size: The number of expected features in the input `x` hidden_size: The number of features in the hidden state `h` num_layers: Number of recurrent layers. E.g., setting ``num_layers=2`` would mean stacking two GRUs together to form a `stacked GRU`, with the second GRU taking in outputs of the first GRU and computing the final results. Default: 1 bias: If ``False``, then the layer does not use bias weights `b_ih` and `b_hh`. Default: ``True`` batch_first: If ``True``, then the input and output tensors are provided as `(batch, seq, feature)` instead of `(seq, batch, feature)`. Note that this does not apply to hidden or cell states. See the Inputs/Outputs sections below for details. Default: ``False`` dropout: If non-zero, introduces a `Dropout` layer on the outputs of each GRU layer except the last layer, with dropout probability equal to :attr:`dropout`. Default: 0 bidirectional: If ``True``, becomes a bidirectional GRU. Default: ``False`` Inputs: input, h_0 * **input**: tensor of shape :math:`(L, H_{in})` for unbatched input, :math:`(L, N, H_{in})` when ``batch_first=False`` or :math:`(N, L, H_{in})` when ``batch_first=True`` containing the features of the input sequence. The input can also be a packed variable length sequence. See :func:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_padded_sequence` or :func:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_sequence` for details. * **h_0**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{out})` or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{out})` containing the initial hidden state for the input sequence. Defaults to zeros if not provided. where: .. math:: \begin{aligned} N ={} & \text{batch size} \\ L ={} & \text{sequence length} \\ D ={} & 2 \text{ if bidirectional=True otherwise } 1 \\ H_{in} ={} & \text{input\_size} \\ H_{out} ={} & \text{hidden\_size} \end{aligned} Outputs: output, h_n * **output**: tensor of shape :math:`(L, D * H_{out})` for unbatched input, :math:`(L, N, D * H_{out})` when ``batch_first=False`` or :math:`(N, L, D * H_{out})` when ``batch_first=True`` containing the output features `(h_t)` from the last layer of the GRU, for each `t`. If a :class:`torch.nn.utils.rnn.PackedSequence` has been given as the input, the output will also be a packed sequence. * **h_n**: tensor of shape :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, H_{out})` or :math:`(D * \text{num\_layers}, N, H_{out})` containing the final hidden state for the input sequence. Attributes: weight_ih_l[k] : the learnable input-hidden weights of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer (W_ir|W_iz|W_in), of shape `(3*hidden_size, input_size)` for `k = 0`. Otherwise, the shape is `(3*hidden_size, num_directions * hidden_size)` weight_hh_l[k] : the learnable hidden-hidden weights of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer (W_hr|W_hz|W_hn), of shape `(3*hidden_size, hidden_size)` bias_ih_l[k] : the learnable input-hidden bias of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer (b_ir|b_iz|b_in), of shape `(3*hidden_size)` bias_hh_l[k] : the learnable hidden-hidden bias of the :math:`\text{k}^{th}` layer (b_hr|b_hz|b_hn), of shape `(3*hidden_size)` .. note:: All the weights and biases are initialized from :math:`\mathcal{U}(-\sqrt{k}, \sqrt{k})` where :math:`k = \frac{1}{\text{hidden\_size}}` .. note:: For bidirectional GRUs, forward and backward are directions 0 and 1 respectively. Example of splitting the output layers when ``batch_first=False``: ``output.view(seq_len, batch, num_directions, hidden_size)``. .. note:: ``batch_first`` argument is ignored for unbatched inputs. .. note:: The calculation of new gate :math:`n_t` subtly differs from the original paper and other frameworks. In the original implementation, the Hadamard product :math:`(\odot)` between :math:`r_t` and the previous hidden state :math:`h_{(t-1)}` is done before the multiplication with the weight matrix `W` and addition of bias: .. math:: \begin{aligned} n_t = \tanh(W_{in} x_t + b_{in} + W_{hn} ( r_t \odot h_{(t-1)} ) + b_{hn}) \end{aligned} This is in contrast to PyTorch implementation, which is done after :math:`W_{hn} h_{(t-1)}` .. math:: \begin{aligned} n_t = \tanh(W_{in} x_t + b_{in} + r_t \odot (W_{hn} h_{(t-1)}+ b_{hn})) \end{aligned} This implementation differs on purpose for efficiency. .. include:: ../cudnn_persistent_rnn.rst Examples:: >>> rnn = nn.GRU(10, 20, 2) >>> input = torch.randn(5, 3, 10) >>> h0 = torch.randn(2, 3, 20) >>> output, hn = rnn(input, h0) """ @overload def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, num_layers: int = 1, bias: bool = True, batch_first: bool = False, dropout: float = 0., bidirectional: bool = False, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: ... @overload def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): ... def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if 'proj_size' in kwargs: raise ValueError("proj_size argument is only supported for LSTM, not RNN or GRU") super().__init__('GRU', *args, **kwargs) @overload # type: ignore[override] @torch._jit_internal._overload_method # noqa: F811 def forward(self, input: Tensor, hx: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: # noqa: F811 pass @overload @torch._jit_internal._overload_method # noqa: F811 def forward(self, input: PackedSequence, hx: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tuple[PackedSequence, Tensor]: # noqa: F811 pass def forward(self, input, hx=None): # noqa: F811 self._update_flat_weights() orig_input = input # xxx: isinstance check needs to be in conditional for TorchScript to compile if isinstance(orig_input, PackedSequence): input, batch_sizes, sorted_indices, unsorted_indices = input max_batch_size = batch_sizes[0] if hx is None: num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 hx = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) else: # Each batch of the hidden state should match the input sequence that # the user believes he/she is passing in. hx = self.permute_hidden(hx, sorted_indices) else: batch_sizes = None if input.dim() not in (2, 3): raise ValueError(f"GRU: Expected input to be 2D or 3D, got {input.dim()}D instead") is_batched = input.dim() == 3 batch_dim = 0 if self.batch_first else 1 if not is_batched: input = input.unsqueeze(batch_dim) if hx is not None: if hx.dim() != 2: raise RuntimeError( f"For unbatched 2-D input, hx should also be 2-D but got {hx.dim()}-D tensor") hx = hx.unsqueeze(1) else: if hx is not None and hx.dim() != 3: raise RuntimeError( f"For batched 3-D input, hx should also be 3-D but got {hx.dim()}-D tensor") max_batch_size = input.size(0) if self.batch_first else input.size(1) sorted_indices = None unsorted_indices = None if hx is None: num_directions = 2 if self.bidirectional else 1 hx = torch.zeros(self.num_layers * num_directions, max_batch_size, self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) else: # Each batch of the hidden state should match the input sequence that # the user believes he/she is passing in. hx = self.permute_hidden(hx, sorted_indices) self.check_forward_args(input, hx, batch_sizes) if batch_sizes is None: result = _VF.gru(input, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional, self.batch_first) else: result = _VF.gru(input, batch_sizes, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional) output = result[0] hidden = result[1] # xxx: isinstance check needs to be in conditional for TorchScript to compile if isinstance(orig_input, PackedSequence): output_packed = PackedSequence(output, batch_sizes, sorted_indices, unsorted_indices) return output_packed, self.permute_hidden(hidden, unsorted_indices) else: if not is_batched: # type: ignore[possibly-undefined] output = output.squeeze(batch_dim) # type: ignore[possibly-undefined] hidden = hidden.squeeze(1) return output, self.permute_hidden(hidden, unsorted_indices) class RNNCellBase(Module): __constants__ = ['input_size', 'hidden_size', 'bias'] input_size: int hidden_size: int bias: bool weight_ih: Tensor weight_hh: Tensor # WARNING: bias_ih and bias_hh purposely not defined here. # See https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/39670 def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, bias: bool, num_chunks: int, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: factory_kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': dtype} super().__init__() self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.bias = bias self.weight_ih = Parameter(torch.empty((num_chunks * hidden_size, input_size), **factory_kwargs)) self.weight_hh = Parameter(torch.empty((num_chunks * hidden_size, hidden_size), **factory_kwargs)) if bias: self.bias_ih = Parameter(torch.empty(num_chunks * hidden_size, **factory_kwargs)) self.bias_hh = Parameter(torch.empty(num_chunks * hidden_size, **factory_kwargs)) else: self.register_parameter('bias_ih', None) self.register_parameter('bias_hh', None) self.reset_parameters() def extra_repr(self) -> str: s = '{input_size}, {hidden_size}' if 'bias' in self.__dict__ and self.bias is not True: s += ', bias={bias}' if 'nonlinearity' in self.__dict__ and self.nonlinearity != "tanh": s += ', nonlinearity={nonlinearity}' return s.format(**self.__dict__) def reset_parameters(self) -> None: stdv = 1.0 / math.sqrt(self.hidden_size) if self.hidden_size > 0 else 0 for weight in self.parameters(): init.uniform_(weight, -stdv, stdv) class RNNCell(RNNCellBase): r"""An Elman RNN cell with tanh or ReLU non-linearity. .. math:: h' = \tanh(W_{ih} x + b_{ih} + W_{hh} h + b_{hh}) If :attr:`nonlinearity` is `'relu'`, then ReLU is used in place of tanh. Args: input_size: The number of expected features in the input `x` hidden_size: The number of features in the hidden state `h` bias: If ``False``, then the layer does not use bias weights `b_ih` and `b_hh`. Default: ``True`` nonlinearity: The non-linearity to use. Can be either ``'tanh'`` or ``'relu'``. Default: ``'tanh'`` Inputs: input, hidden - **input**: tensor containing input features - **hidden**: tensor containing the initial hidden state Defaults to zero if not provided. Outputs: h' - **h'** of shape `(batch, hidden_size)`: tensor containing the next hidden state for each element in the batch Shape: - input: :math:`(N, H_{in})` or :math:`(H_{in})` tensor containing input features where :math:`H_{in}` = `input_size`. - hidden: :math:`(N, H_{out})` or :math:`(H_{out})` tensor containing the initial hidden state where :math:`H_{out}` = `hidden_size`. Defaults to zero if not provided. - output: :math:`(N, H_{out})` or :math:`(H_{out})` tensor containing the next hidden state. Attributes: weight_ih: the learnable input-hidden weights, of shape `(hidden_size, input_size)` weight_hh: the learnable hidden-hidden weights, of shape `(hidden_size, hidden_size)` bias_ih: the learnable input-hidden bias, of shape `(hidden_size)` bias_hh: the learnable hidden-hidden bias, of shape `(hidden_size)` .. note:: All the weights and biases are initialized from :math:`\mathcal{U}(-\sqrt{k}, \sqrt{k})` where :math:`k = \frac{1}{\text{hidden\_size}}` Examples:: >>> rnn = nn.RNNCell(10, 20) >>> input = torch.randn(6, 3, 10) >>> hx = torch.randn(3, 20) >>> output = [] >>> for i in range(6): ... hx = rnn(input[i], hx) ... output.append(hx) """ __constants__ = ['input_size', 'hidden_size', 'bias', 'nonlinearity'] nonlinearity: str def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, bias: bool = True, nonlinearity: str = "tanh", device=None, dtype=None) -> None: factory_kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': dtype} super().__init__(input_size, hidden_size, bias, num_chunks=1, **factory_kwargs) self.nonlinearity = nonlinearity def forward(self, input: Tensor, hx: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor: if input.dim() not in (1, 2): raise ValueError(f"RNNCell: Expected input to be 1D or 2D, got {input.dim()}D instead") if hx is not None and hx.dim() not in (1, 2): raise ValueError(f"RNNCell: Expected hidden to be 1D or 2D, got {hx.dim()}D instead") is_batched = input.dim() == 2 if not is_batched: input = input.unsqueeze(0) if hx is None: hx = torch.zeros(input.size(0), self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) else: hx = hx.unsqueeze(0) if not is_batched else hx if self.nonlinearity == "tanh": ret = _VF.rnn_tanh_cell( input, hx, self.weight_ih, self.weight_hh, self.bias_ih, self.bias_hh, ) elif self.nonlinearity == "relu": ret = _VF.rnn_relu_cell( input, hx, self.weight_ih, self.weight_hh, self.bias_ih, self.bias_hh, ) else: ret = input # TODO: remove when jit supports exception flow raise RuntimeError( f"Unknown nonlinearity: {self.nonlinearity}") if not is_batched: ret = ret.squeeze(0) return ret class LSTMCell(RNNCellBase): r"""A long short-term memory (LSTM) cell. .. math:: \begin{array}{ll} i = \sigma(W_{ii} x + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h + b_{hi}) \\ f = \sigma(W_{if} x + b_{if} + W_{hf} h + b_{hf}) \\ g = \tanh(W_{ig} x + b_{ig} + W_{hg} h + b_{hg}) \\ o = \sigma(W_{io} x + b_{io} + W_{ho} h + b_{ho}) \\ c' = f \odot c + i \odot g \\ h' = o \odot \tanh(c') \\ \end{array} where :math:`\sigma` is the sigmoid function, and :math:`\odot` is the Hadamard product. Args: input_size: The number of expected features in the input `x` hidden_size: The number of features in the hidden state `h` bias: If ``False``, then the layer does not use bias weights `b_ih` and `b_hh`. Default: ``True`` Inputs: input, (h_0, c_0) - **input** of shape `(batch, input_size)` or `(input_size)`: tensor containing input features - **h_0** of shape `(batch, hidden_size)` or `(hidden_size)`: tensor containing the initial hidden state - **c_0** of shape `(batch, hidden_size)` or `(hidden_size)`: tensor containing the initial cell state If `(h_0, c_0)` is not provided, both **h_0** and **c_0** default to zero. Outputs: (h_1, c_1) - **h_1** of shape `(batch, hidden_size)` or `(hidden_size)`: tensor containing the next hidden state - **c_1** of shape `(batch, hidden_size)` or `(hidden_size)`: tensor containing the next cell state Attributes: weight_ih: the learnable input-hidden weights, of shape `(4*hidden_size, input_size)` weight_hh: the learnable hidden-hidden weights, of shape `(4*hidden_size, hidden_size)` bias_ih: the learnable input-hidden bias, of shape `(4*hidden_size)` bias_hh: the learnable hidden-hidden bias, of shape `(4*hidden_size)` .. note:: All the weights and biases are initialized from :math:`\mathcal{U}(-\sqrt{k}, \sqrt{k})` where :math:`k = \frac{1}{\text{hidden\_size}}` On certain ROCm devices, when using float16 inputs this module will use :ref:`different precision` for backward. Examples:: >>> rnn = nn.LSTMCell(10, 20) # (input_size, hidden_size) >>> input = torch.randn(2, 3, 10) # (time_steps, batch, input_size) >>> hx = torch.randn(3, 20) # (batch, hidden_size) >>> cx = torch.randn(3, 20) >>> output = [] >>> for i in range(input.size()[0]): ... hx, cx = rnn(input[i], (hx, cx)) ... output.append(hx) >>> output = torch.stack(output, dim=0) """ def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, bias: bool = True, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: factory_kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': dtype} super().__init__(input_size, hidden_size, bias, num_chunks=4, **factory_kwargs) def forward(self, input: Tensor, hx: Optional[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]] = None) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: if input.dim() not in (1, 2): raise ValueError(f"LSTMCell: Expected input to be 1D or 2D, got {input.dim()}D instead") if hx is not None: for idx, value in enumerate(hx): if value.dim() not in (1, 2): raise ValueError(f"LSTMCell: Expected hx[{idx}] to be 1D or 2D, got {value.dim()}D instead") is_batched = input.dim() == 2 if not is_batched: input = input.unsqueeze(0) if hx is None: zeros = torch.zeros(input.size(0), self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) hx = (zeros, zeros) else: hx = (hx[0].unsqueeze(0), hx[1].unsqueeze(0)) if not is_batched else hx ret = _VF.lstm_cell( input, hx, self.weight_ih, self.weight_hh, self.bias_ih, self.bias_hh, ) if not is_batched: ret = (ret[0].squeeze(0), ret[1].squeeze(0)) return ret class GRUCell(RNNCellBase): r"""A gated recurrent unit (GRU) cell. .. math:: \begin{array}{ll} r = \sigma(W_{ir} x + b_{ir} + W_{hr} h + b_{hr}) \\ z = \sigma(W_{iz} x + b_{iz} + W_{hz} h + b_{hz}) \\ n = \tanh(W_{in} x + b_{in} + r \odot (W_{hn} h + b_{hn})) \\ h' = (1 - z) \odot n + z \odot h \end{array} where :math:`\sigma` is the sigmoid function, and :math:`\odot` is the Hadamard product. Args: input_size: The number of expected features in the input `x` hidden_size: The number of features in the hidden state `h` bias: If ``False``, then the layer does not use bias weights `b_ih` and `b_hh`. Default: ``True`` Inputs: input, hidden - **input** : tensor containing input features - **hidden** : tensor containing the initial hidden state for each element in the batch. Defaults to zero if not provided. Outputs: h' - **h'** : tensor containing the next hidden state for each element in the batch Shape: - input: :math:`(N, H_{in})` or :math:`(H_{in})` tensor containing input features where :math:`H_{in}` = `input_size`. - hidden: :math:`(N, H_{out})` or :math:`(H_{out})` tensor containing the initial hidden state where :math:`H_{out}` = `hidden_size`. Defaults to zero if not provided. - output: :math:`(N, H_{out})` or :math:`(H_{out})` tensor containing the next hidden state. Attributes: weight_ih: the learnable input-hidden weights, of shape `(3*hidden_size, input_size)` weight_hh: the learnable hidden-hidden weights, of shape `(3*hidden_size, hidden_size)` bias_ih: the learnable input-hidden bias, of shape `(3*hidden_size)` bias_hh: the learnable hidden-hidden bias, of shape `(3*hidden_size)` .. note:: All the weights and biases are initialized from :math:`\mathcal{U}(-\sqrt{k}, \sqrt{k})` where :math:`k = \frac{1}{\text{hidden\_size}}` On certain ROCm devices, when using float16 inputs this module will use :ref:`different precision` for backward. Examples:: >>> rnn = nn.GRUCell(10, 20) >>> input = torch.randn(6, 3, 10) >>> hx = torch.randn(3, 20) >>> output = [] >>> for i in range(6): ... hx = rnn(input[i], hx) ... output.append(hx) """ def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, bias: bool = True, device=None, dtype=None) -> None: factory_kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': dtype} super().__init__(input_size, hidden_size, bias, num_chunks=3, **factory_kwargs) def forward(self, input: Tensor, hx: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor: if input.dim() not in (1, 2): raise ValueError(f"GRUCell: Expected input to be 1D or 2D, got {input.dim()}D instead") if hx is not None and hx.dim() not in (1, 2): raise ValueError(f"GRUCell: Expected hidden to be 1D or 2D, got {hx.dim()}D instead") is_batched = input.dim() == 2 if not is_batched: input = input.unsqueeze(0) if hx is None: hx = torch.zeros(input.size(0), self.hidden_size, dtype=input.dtype, device=input.device) else: hx = hx.unsqueeze(0) if not is_batched else hx ret = _VF.gru_cell( input, hx, self.weight_ih, self.weight_hh, self.bias_ih, self.bias_hh, ) if not is_batched: ret = ret.squeeze(0) return ret